Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Duration
3h
2h
1h
2h
4. Operational Limits
2h
2h
4h
2h
2h
2h
2h
1h
1h
B. Discussion : 3h
C. Practicals: 12 h (2h each)
1. Verification of inverse square law, determination of the activity of a source and
calibration of radiation survey meter
2. Familiarization with radiation safety equipments, monitors, dosimeters, warning symbols etc.
3. Procurement, transport and packaging of radioisotopes (Demonstration)
4. Area monitoring and calculation of cordoning-off distance
5. Handling of radiation accidents (Demonstration)
6. Assessment of the shielding adequacy and functional performance test for industrial
radiography exposure devices
Syllabus:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Operational Limits
Introduction to natural background radiation, concept of risk, philosophy of radiation
protection, system of dose limitation, ALARA, dose limits to radiation workers and
general public, AERB/ICRP recommendations.
Radiation Detection and Measurement
Principle of radiation detection, gas detectors (ionization chamber, proportional counter
and GM counter,), solid state detectors (scintillators, semiconductors and
thermoluminescent Dosimeters {(TLD}), radiation monitoring instruments, personnel
monitoring, survey meters, area/zone monitoring, direct reading devices, calibration and
response of radiation monitoring instruments.
7.
distance, safety in radiography installations: enclosed , open top and field radiography,
tracking of lost sources, source storage facilities, safe work practices, safety aspects of
high energy accelerators, survey of radiography installation.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
approvals, evaluation of work for radiation safety, Quality Health Safety & Environment
(QHSE) programme and its implementation, radiation safety audits and corrective
actions.
13.
2.
Radiography Testing
Course Content:
A.
Lectures (46 h)
Duration
1.
General Concepts of RT
7h
2.
10 h
3.
3h
4.
5h
5.
5h
6.
Defectology
2h
7.
Selection of Techniques
3h
8.
3h
9.
Special Applications
2h
10.
2h
11.
2h
12.
Advances in Radiography
2h
B.
Discussion : 3h
C.
Practicals: 30 h (3 h each)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Tangential Radiography
10.
1.
General Concepts of RT
1.1
1.2
Materials and defects, structure of metals and alloys, physical, chemical and
mechanical properties of metallic materials, discontinuities and defects in
metallic materials
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.
1.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.
3.1
3.1
3.3
4.
5.
5.1
Image density and factors which affect it, geometrical principles/penumbra, image
quality/contrast and definition, disperse radiation; cause and control, use of
screens/masks/filters, exposure calculations, image quality indicators (IQI)/
positioning, choice of films, preparation of exposure curves, choice of screens,
magnification and distortion of the projection image, fluoroscopy: evaluation of
sensitivity; selection of kVp.
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.
Defectology
Basic factors, relation between image and object, general information on the
nature of discontinuities in radiography, interpretation of radiographic images of
welds, casting, corrosion etc.
7.
Selection of Techniques
Influence of the properties of the material, compound material, exposure
technique depending on the geometry and accessibility of the object, Single
wall/single image, Double wall/single image, Double wall/double image,
panoramic exposure, thickness compensation, masks, filters, detection
probability depending on type, size, position and orientation of the defect/ high
and low sensitivity technique
8.
9.
Special Applications
Multiple film techniques, projection and magnification techniques, panoramic
exposure, determination of depth of defects, radiography of radioactive objects.
10.
11.
1.
Advances in Radiography
Microfocal radiography, real time and digital radiography, X-radiography,
Tomography and image processing, brief outline of principles and applications.
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