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Ejusdem Generis
- Where general term follows particular things, the
general term is construed to include those things or
persons of the same class as those specifically
enumerated.
Ejusdem Generis, purpose.
- Give effect both specific and general words.
- Particular words indicate the class and the general
includes all embraced in said class although not
specifically named.
- Q: What is the reason why there are words that are
not enumerated in the statute? (ex: and other
persons...)
- A: To avoid the error of not including something that
can be protected by law.
Reddendo Singula Singulis
- Doctrine of collocation
- Association between two words that are typically or
frequently used together
- Where the sentence has several antecedents and
consequents, they are to be read distributively
- Antecedent a word or phrase that a subsequent or
consequent word refers to.
- Distributive refers to each member of the group
individually and separately. Ex. Each, every, either
Expressio Unius Ext Exclusion Alterius
- Mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another.
Noscitur A Sociis
- Meaning of particular terms in a statute may be
ascertained by reference to words
- Associated with or related to them in statute
Casus Omissus (omit)
- Words or phrases may be supplied by the courts and
inserted in a statute.
- Where it is necessary to eliminate repugnancy and
inconsistency to complete the sense and give effect
to the intent.
- Used to supply omissions caused by clerical error, by
accident or inadvertence.
- Legal issues are governed by statutory laws
context.