Documente Academic
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CH 223
Prof. Thomas Greenbowe
Knowledge
of
chemistry
is
fundamental
to
understanding
medicine,
engineering,
molecular
biology,
gene8cs,
ecology,
material
science,
atmospheric
sciences,
space
chemistry,
geology,
zoology,
botany,
global
climate
change,
http://canvas.uoregon.edu
All course information is posted on Canvas
Syllabus **download the syllabus**
Announcements
Lecture schedule
Lecture notes, exam scores, and more
or i>Clicker 2
Assessment
Using a weighted average
Hour exam 1, Wed. Aug. 26, 9:00 am 25%
Hour exam 2, Wed. Sept. 2, 9:00 am 25%
Final exam, Thurs. Sept. 11, 9:00 am 30%
Connect On-line homework
10%
Clicker questions
5%
In class activities/paper HW
5%
LearnSmart
LearnSmart is an adaptive learning system
designed to help you learn faster, study more
efficiently, and retain more knowledge for
greater success in this course.
LearnSmart focuses primarily on conceptual
understanding of the course material.
Homework assignments give you a chance to
apply your understanding to chemical
problems.
Office Hours:
Tuesdays: 11:00 11:50 p.m. 177 Onyx or 160E Klamath
Thursdays: 11:00 11:50 p.m. 177 Onyx or 160E Klamath
Or by appointment Or, drop in most afternoons
Course GTF
Brandon Schabes
Office Hours:
TBA
Photochemical
smog
Photochemical
smog
was
rst
described
in
the
1950s.
It
is
the
chemical
reac8on
of
sunlight,
nitrogen
oxides
and
vola8le
organic
compounds
in
the
atmosphere,
which
leaves
airborne
par8cles
and
ground-level
ozone.
This
noxious
mixture
of
air
pollutants
can
include
the
following:
Aldehydes,
Nitrogen
oxides
(such
as
nitrogen
dioxide)
Peroxyacyl
nitrates,
Tropospheric
ozone,
Vola8le
organic
compounds
Read
more:
hbp://www.city-data.com/forum/eugene-area/22262-pollu8on-eugene-
lane-county-springeld-oakridge.html#ixzz2xkhwoWsl
i-Clickers
Are
you
ready
for
your
rst
clicker
ques8on?
Clicker
ques8ons
(CQs)
today
will
not
count
Today
we
are
tes8ng
the
clicker
system
Some
clicker
ques8ons
are
to
be
done
individually
(no
talking
with
your
neighbors).
We
will
tell
you
when
a
CQ
is
an
individual
eort.
Todays
clicker
ques8ons
are
group
ques8ons.
Talking
with
you
neighbor
is
encouraged.
24
Colorless
Brown
H = +57.2 kJ
Computer Anima8on
Computer Anima8on
hbp://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sec8ons/projecvolder/anima8ons/
no2n2o4equilV8.html
Dynamic Equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium is the condition wherein the rates of
the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
Once the reaction reaches equilibrium, the concentrations
of all the chemicals remain constant because the
chemicals are being consumed and produced at the
same rate.
A system at equilibrium does NOT mean equal amounts of
reactants and products.
H = +57.2 kJ
H = +57.2 kJ
Cold
Warm
H
=
+57.2
kJ
Colorless
when
cold
Table 16.7
Elementary Step
Molecularity
Rate Law
product
Unimolecular
Rate = k [A]
2A
product
Bimolecular
Rate = k[A]2
A+B
product
Bimolecular
Rate = k[A][B]
2A + B
product
Termolecular
Rate = k[A]2[B]
An Equilibrium System
At equilibrium, both the forward and reverse
reactions occur at the same rate, we write
the equation with a double arrow to indicate
an equilibrium system:
N2O4(g)
2NO2(g)
N 2 O 4 2NO 2 : ratef = k f N 2 O 4
2NO 2 N 2 O 4 : rate r = kr NO 2
Where k = rate constant and [ ] indicates the
molar concentration.
k f N 2 O 4 = kr NO 2
kf
kr
NO 2 eq
N 2 O 4 eq
Kc =
NO 2 eq
N 2 O 4 eq
Keq =
kf
[NO2]2
=
kr
[N2O4]
[NO2]2
Keq
=
[N2O4]
Initial
Expt
[N2O4]
[NO2]
Equilibrium
Q,
[NO2]2
[N2O4]
[N2O4]eq
[NO2]eq
Choose
0.0000
an
experiment
0.1000
0.0000
0.00357
0.193
0.0000
0.000924
0.0982
0.0500
0.0500
0.0500
0.00204
0.146
0.0750
0.0250
0.0833
0.00277
0.170
Calculate
Keqs
0.1000
K = [NO2] eq
[N2O4]eq
Table 17.1
Initial
Equilibrium
Expt
[N2O4]
[NO2]
Q, [NO2]2
[N2O4]
[N2O4]eq
[NO2]eq
K= [NO2] 2eq
[N2O4]eq
0.1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.00357
0.193
10.4
0.0000
0.1000
0.000924
0.0982
10.4
0.0500
0.0500
0.0500
0.00204
0.146
10.4
0.0750
0.0250
0.0833
0.00277
0.170
10.4
cC(aq) + dD(aq)
[C]c[D]d
Keq
=
a b
[A] [B]
Equilibrium
cC(aq) + dD(aq)
[C]c[D]d
Keq
=
a b
[A] [B]
[CS2 ] [H 2 S]4
C. K c =
[CH 4 ] [H 2 ]2
[CH 4 ] [CS2 ]
B. K c =
[H 2 S]2 [H 2 ]4
[CS24 ] [H 2 ]4
D. K c =
[CH 4 ] [H 2 S]2
[CS2 ] [H 2 S]4
C. K c =
[CH 4 ] [H 2 ]2
[CH 4 ] [CS2 ]
B. K c =
[H 2 S]2 [H 2 ]4
[CS24 ] [H 2 ]4
D. K c =
[CH 4 ] [H 2 S]2
CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
Keq = 1.8 x 105 at 25C
How far does the reaction proceed?
Small value implies that equilibrium favors the
reactants. In 0.10 M CH3COOH(aq), 99% of acetic
acid is present as CH3COOH molecules.
Acetic acid is a weak acid because it is only
partially dissociated.
2H2(g) + O2(g)
2HI(g)
Kc
=
57.0
(at
700
K)
2H2(g) + O2(g)
2H2O(g)
Calculate Keq
Keq =
[8
M]2
=
4
=
[H2]
[I2]
[4
M]
[4
M]
[HI]2
Define quotient
Define quotient
In
more
abstract
branches
of
mathema8cs,
the
word
quo8ent
is
o{en
used
to
describe
sets,
spaces,
or
algebraic
structures
whose
elements
are
the
equivalence
classes
of
some
equivalence
rela8on
on
another
set,
space,
or
algebraic
structure.
Who is Q?
What is Q?
Who is Q?
What is Q?
What does Q have to do with Space &
Time?
Q>K
Q<K
Q=K