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HomeTechnologyHowtodoaFastFourierTransform(FFT)inMicrosoftExcel

HowtodoaFastFourierTransform(FFT)in
MicrosoftExcel

,11Comments
FastFourierTransform(FFT)istheeasiestwaytoshowthedominantfrequenciesinasignal. Tweet
FFTisanefficientalgorithmtocomputethediscreteFourierTransformandinitsinverse.Thereare
manydistinctFFTalgorithmswhichinvolvesawiderangeofmathematics,whichstartsfromsimple
complexnumberarithmetictogrouptheoryandnumbertheorytoo.YoualsoneedMicrosoftExcel
withtheDataAnalysispackage.IfyoudonthavethisyoucaninstallthisunderToolsorAddins.

Inthisarticleyouwillseehowto
performaFFTgraphinMicrosoftexcel.
Step1:
Firstandforemostopenablankspreadsheetandthenfollowthefollowingtitlestothefirstcellsin
columnA,B,C,DandEofyourspreadsheet:Time,Data,FFTFrequency,FFTComplex,andFFT
Magnitude.
Step2:
YouneedtoaddyourdatatotheDatacolumn.Itwillbehelpfulforyoutomakeanoteofthe
numberofdatapointsthatissamplesinyourlistandtakingintoconsiderationthesamplingrateat
whichyourdataistaken.Donotforgetowriteandlabelthesetwonumberssomewhereinyour
spreadsheet.
Step3:
IntheTimecolumn,youneedtodeterminethetimeatwhicheachpointwastaken.Theeasiestway
todothisistodividethetotaltimebythenumberofdatapoints.
Step4:
NextyouneedtoperformaFourierAnalysisofyourdatawhichcanbeeitherData/DataAnalysis/
FourierAnalysis.Youhavemakesurethattheinputrangeisyourentiredatacolumnandtheoutput
rangeisyouentireFFTCompletecolumn.ThiscolumnisknownasFFTComplexcolumnbecause
theFourierAnalysisfunctionoutputsacomplexnumber.

Step5:
IntheveryfirstcelloftheFTTMagnitudecolumn,youneedtotypethefollowingequation:
=IMABS(E2)
Nowyouneedtodragthisequationdownsothatitfillseverycellinthiscolumn.Thiswillturnallthe
complexnumbersintheFTTComplexcolumnintoarealnumbersothatwecanusethedominant
frequencies.
STEP6:
NowweneedtocalibratetheaxisAofthegraphtoshowthedominantfrequencies.Itmayprove
beneficialifwecreateaseparatecolumnshowingzerothroughthenumberofdatapointsminusone
(N1).Itwillalsohelptocreateaseparatecellwiththefollowingfunction:
=(S/2)/(N/2)overhereSisasamplingrateandNisthenumberofsamples.
IntheFTTFrequencycolumnyouneedtotypethefollowingfunction:
=F2*SG$4
HereF2istheappropriatenumberfromthenumbercolumn,and$G$4denotesthefunctiondividing
thesamplingratebythenumberofsamples.Nowdragthisfunctiondowntohalfofyourdataofyour
datapoints.
Step7:
NowcreateagraphofFTTMagnitudecolumn(Yaxis)versustheFTTFrequencycolumn(X
axis).Ifallyouhavedoneisrightthenyoushouldgetagraphwithpeakswherethedominant
frequenciesare.

AboutHarmeet
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butfinditcomplextocomprehend.Sheisawriterbypassionandwantstoenrichthe
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read
Tags:Microsoft,MicrosoftExcel,MSExcel

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11Responsesto"HowtodoaFastFourierTransform(FFT)inMicrosoftExcel
"

1.

Martinsays:
July7,2011at12:43am
WhatisthephysicalmeaningoftheFFTMagnitude(Yaxis).Howdoesitrelatetothe
frequency?

2.

Oscarsays:
March4,2012at2:05pm
Hi,
Icameacrossyournotes,whileIwassearchingforarecipetodoFFTanalysisonadataset
usingexcel.
aseasyastheyseem,Iamhavingabitdifficultytofollowtheinstructions.
isG4equalto(S/2)/(N/2)whereSisthesamplingfrequency,andNisthenumberofpoints.
Whyisit(S/2)/(N/2)?whydidnotyouwriteS/N?Howisitanydifferent?
alsowhyfftfrequencyequaltoF2*G$4?isthisthedefinitionoffftfrequency?
Thankyouverymuch,
Oscar

3.

Schwarzersays:
November26,2012at1:07pm
IagreewithOscar.Youhaveerrorsinyourinstructionsandtheremustbestepsmissing

4.

Robinsays:
March7,2013at6:07pm
YouhavenoideahowgreatlyIwaslookingforthesesteps.Iwastryingtofindonlinesolution
andluckilyIendeduphere.IhavebookmarkedthispagetorefertothestepswheneverIwant
andIhaveevenshareditwithmybrotherwhooftentroublemewithMicrosoftwordandexcel
issues.TechGenieisagoodplatformtolookfordetailslikethis

5.

TechieJustinsays:
May30,2013at10:11am
EverytimeItrytoperformaFFTgraphinMicrosoftexcel,Igetstuckatthefifthstepwhere
weneedtotypetheequation.PerformingaFFTgraphisnoteasybutthankstotheDIY

solutionhere,Icannowperformiteasily.TechGeniehashelpedmetoresolvemanytechnical
issueslikethisbefore.

6.

Reeniesays:
June3,2013at11:44am
IalwaysendupdoingsomethingwrongwhileperformingaFFTgraphinMicrosoftexcel.I
usuallygetconfusedattheequationstepbutthestepshereareeasytofollowandnexttimeI
willbeabletodoitonmyown.IhavearequestthatyoupleasecontinuetogivesuchDIYsas
itisofgreathelptothetechnicallychallengedpeoplelikeme.TechGenieisabighopeforme
andIalwayslookforwardtotheinformationgivenhere

7.

Robsays:
December17,2014at7:03am
Itisassumedthatthelabelsareallinrow1.
Withregardtocolumns:
A=Time
B=Data
C=FFTfreq
D=FFTcomplex
E=FFTMagnitude
F=?,probablysomenumericalindex
Theauthormadeatypo.Whereitsays
Step5:
IntheveryfirstcelloftheFTTMagnitudecolumn,youneedtotypethefollowingequation:
=IMABS(E2)
Itshouldhaveread(D2).ThisisbecauseyouareinterestedintheamplitudeoftheFFTd
signal.TheFFTgivestwoimportantbit:amplitudeandphase,butit*gives*theinfoasa
complexnumber(ierealandimaginarycomponents).Onemustbreakitdownintoitsuseful
parts.Thatismyimabsisfor:gettingtheamplitude.
EvenafteryouhavetheamplitudeFFTMAGNITUDE(callittheYaxis),yousomehowneed
togettherightvaluesfortheXaxistomatch.Thisiswhereyouaredeterminingthescalingfor
thexaxis.
Howdowedothis?Well,theNyquisttheoremsaysthemaximumfrequencyyouresolveishalf
yoursamplingfrequencyinthetimedomain.Itisforthisreasonthatthefrequencyshouldonly
extentto+/yoursamplingfrequency(inthetimedomain)dividedbytwo.Afterallwhy
shouldwefavorpositivefrequenciesovernegativeones?Theyarebothwillfitrightoverthe
topofatimedomainsignalie.cosine(forexample)Nowthatyouhavetheboundariesofyour
xaxis,youneedtodividethatxaxisintoNsamplessothatyourxaxisisthesamesizeasyour
yaxis.Thatisallthefancyratiostuffthatstep6wastryingtodo.Soyourxaxiswouldlook
like:{(Fs/2),(Fs/2)+delta,
(Fs/2)+2delta,0,,(Fs/2)2delta,(Fs/2)delta,(Fs/2)}
InthiscaseFsisthesamplingfrequencyinthetimedomain.Wecouldsolvedeltabythinking
aboutbreakingfs/2tofs/2intoNofdeltaorwecouldthinkaboutrangingfrom0tofs/2(~half

asmany)dividedbyN/2toobtaindelta.
butifyoureallywanttolearnalotaboutfouriertechniques,IlikethebookFFTsinNMR,
Optical,andMassSpectroscopyFrancisandVerdun(ifIrecall).

8.

Dwellsays:
December23,2014at9:21am
Ihadgonethroughthewriteupandtriedfollowingthestepsverycarefully.ButeverytimeI
try,IdonotgetaFFTgraph.Pleasecanyousuggestwhatmaybewrongonmyapplication?I
havesomeurgentworktodousingexcelandamnotabletoproceed.Pleasehelp!

9.

Melonasays:
December25,2014at6:35am
MicrosoftExcelhasneverbeeneasyforme.NeverhaveIbeenabletoperformtheformulas
andequations.ButwhensearchingforsomesolutiononhowtodoaFFTinMicrosoftExcelI
endeduphereonthispage.Ifacedsomeissuesinthebeginningbutaftertryingfor23timesI
understoodandperformedthetask.Wouldliketothankforthesolution.

10.

Maggiesays:
February9,2015at8:11am
WorkingonMicrosoftExcelhasalwaysbeentoughforme,creatingFFTgraphwasbeyondmy
skills.ButtheotherdayIwaslookingforstepsforcreatingFFTGraphandluckilyIcame
acrossthispage.Though,IwasunabletocreateaFFTgraphinthefirstattempt.Butafter
severalattemptsIcouldeasilycreateFFTgraph.

11.

ExonPaezsays:
March30,2015at11:53am
IhavealwaysfaceddifficultieswhileworkingonMicrosoftOfficeExcel.Creatingagraphwas
somethingIcouldnevergetthrough.WhenIcameacrossthestepbysteptips,Irealizedhow
simpleitistouseFFTgraphinMicrosoftexcel.NowIcaneasilymakeFFTgraphswithout
naggingmycolleaguesandfriends.

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