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Distributed Loads

Decimals have a point.

Distributed Loads
Up

to this point, all the forces we have


considered have been point loads
Single forces which are represented by a vector
Not all loading conditions are of that type

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Monday, November 5, 2012

Distributed Loads
Consider

how your ears feel as you go deeper


into a swimming pool.
The deeper you go, the greater the pressure on
your ears.

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Monday, November 5, 2012

Distributed Loads
If

we consider how this pressure acts on the


walls of the pool, we would have to consider a
force (generated by the pressure) that was
small at the top and increased as we went
down.

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Monday, November 5, 2012

Distributed Loads
This

is known as a distributed force or a


distributed load.
It is represented by a series of vectors which
are connected at their tails.

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Monday, November 5, 2012

Distributed Loads
One

type of distributed load is a uniformly


distributed load

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Distributed Loads
This

load has the same intensity along its


application.
The intensity is given in terms of Force/Length

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Distributed Loads
The

total magnitude of this load is the area


under the loading diagram.
So here it would be the load intensity time the
beam length.

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Distributed Loads
If,

for analysis purposes, we wanted to replace


this distributed load with a point load, the
location of the point load would be in the center
of the rectangle.

Distrubuted Loads

Monday, November 5, 2012

Distributed Loads
We

do this to solve for reactions.


For a uniform load, the magnitude of the
equivalent point load is equal to the area of the
loading diagram and the location of the point
load is at the center of the loading diagram.

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Distributed Loads
A

second type of loading we often encounter is


a triangular load

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Distributed Loads
A

triangular load has an intensity of 0 at one


end and increases to some maximum at the
other end.

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Distributed Loads
You

will often see the intensity represented with


the letter w.

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Distrubuted Loads

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Distributed Loads
The

magnitude of an equivalent point load will


again be the area under the loading diagram.

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Distributed Loads
For

a triangle, this would be the base times


the maximum intensity.

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Distributed Loads
The

location of the equivalent point load will be


2/3 of the distance from the smallest value in
the loading diagram.

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Distributed Loads
There

are other types of loading diagrams but


these will be sufficient for now.

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Distributed Loads
You

may see a diagram that appears to be a


trapezoidal loading.

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Distributed Loads
In

this case, we can divide the loading diagram


into two parts, one a rectangular load and the
other a triangular load.

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Distributed Loads
Now

you have two loads that you already have


the rules for.

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Distributed Loads
Take

care to note that the maximum intensity of


the triangular load is now reduced by the
magnitude of the rectangular load.

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Example Problem
Given:

The loading and support as shown


Required: Reactions at the supports
200 lb/ft
100 lb/ft
A

B
5 ft

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Distrubuted Loads

4 ft
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Example Problem
Isolate

the selected system from all connections


Start with the pin at A
200 lb/ft
100 lb/ft
A

B
5 ft

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4 ft

Distrubuted Loads

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Example Problem
We

have a pin, so we have an x and a y


component of the reaction and we will assume
that both of them are +
200 lb/ft
100 lb/ft
A
Ay

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B
Ax

5 ft

Distrubuted Loads

4 ft
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Example Problem
Now

we can remove the roller support at B


recognizing that the direction of the reaction is
+y
200 lb/ft
100 lb/ft
A
Ay

25

B
Ax

5 ft

4 ft

Distrubuted Loads

By
Monday, November 5, 2012

Example Problem
We

now have all the reactions identified and can


proceed with the analysis
200 lb/ft
100 lb/ft
A
Ay

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B
Ax

5 ft

Distrubuted Loads

4 ft

By
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Example Problem
The

best idea is to now convert all distributed


loads into point loads
200 lb/ft
100 lb/ft
A
Ay

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B
Ax

5 ft

4 ft

Distrubuted Loads

By
Monday, November 5, 2012

Example Problem
Break

the load into a rectangular load and a


triangular load
100 lb/ft
100 lb/ft
A
Ay

28

B
Ax

5 ft

Distrubuted Loads

4 ft

By
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Example Problem
For

the rectangular load

900 lb

100 lb/ft

4.5 ft
A
Ay
29

B
Ax

5 ft

4 ft

Distrubuted Loads

By
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Example Problem
For

the triangular load

900 lb

200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft
A
Ay
30

B
Ax

5 ft

Distrubuted Loads

4 ft

By
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Example Problem
We

have three unknowns, Ay, Ax, and By


Luckily we have three equilibrium constraints to
solve for them

Fx = 0

F =0
M = 0
y

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900 lb

200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft
A

B
Ax

Ay

5 ft

4 ft

Distrubuted Loads

By
Monday, November 5, 2012

Example Problem
Summing

the moments about A to solve for By.

F =0
F =0
M = 0

900 lb

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200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft
A
Ay

B
Ax

Distrubuted Loads

5 ft

4 ft

By

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Example Problem
Writing

the expression for the sum of the


moments around A

M = 0 = ( 4.5 ft )(900lb) (7.67 ft )( 200lb) + (9 ft ) ( B )


y

900 lb

200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft

A
Ay

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B
Ax

Distrubuted Loads

5 ft

F =0
F =0
M = 0

4 ft

By

Monday, November 5, 2012

Example Problem
Isolating

and solving for By

( 4.5 ft )(900lb ) + ( 7.67 ft )( 200lb ) = B


y
(9 ft )
620.37lb = By

900 lb

200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft

A
34

Ay

B
Ax

Distrubuted Loads

5 ft

F =0
F =0
M = 0

4 ft

By

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Example Problem
Sum

of the forces in the y-direction


F =0
F =0
M = 0
x

= 0 = Ay 900lb 200lb + By

0 = Ay 900lb 200lb + 620.37lb


Ay = +900lb + 200lb 620.37lb
Ay = 479.63lb

200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft
A

Ay

35

900 lb

B
Ax

5 ft

Distrubuted Loads

4 ft

By

Monday, November 5, 2012

Example Problem
Since

the magnitude of our solution came out


positive, we assumed the correct direction
F =0
F =0
F
=
0
=
A

900
lb

200
lb
+
B
y
y
y
M = 0
900 lb
200 lb
0 = Ay 900lb 200lb + 620.37lb
x

7.67 ft
4.5 ft

Ay = +900lb + 200lb 620.37lb


A

Ay = 479.63lb
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Ay

Distrubuted Loads

B
Ax

5 ft

4 ft

By

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Example Problem
Now

our final constraint condition


F =0
F =0
M = 0

Fx = 0 = Ax

0 = Ax

900 lb

Ax = 0lb

200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft
A
Ay

37

B
Ax

5 ft

4 ft

Distrubuted Loads

By

Monday, November 5, 2012

Example Problem
So

our complete solution to the problem is


F =0
F =0
M = 0
x

Ax = 0lb

Ay = 479.63lb

900 lb

By = 620.37lb

200 lb

7.67 ft
4.5 ft
A

38

Ay

Distrubuted Loads

B
Ax

5 ft

4 ft

By

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Homework
Problem

4-145
Problem 4-148
Problem 4-153

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