1.

These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile
activities. A) desmosomes and gap junctions B) tight junctions and hemidesmosomes C) hemidesmosome
and tight junctions D) adherens junctions and desmosomes E) gap junctions and tight junctions
2. The thin extracellular layer, consisting of the basal and reticular lamina, that anchors epithelial cells to
underlying connective tissue is called the A) tight junction. B) adherens junctions. C) gap junctions.
D) basement membrane. E) tunica adventitia.
3. Which of the following is not one of the main tissue types found in the human body? A) nervous
B) myocardial C) epithelial D) connective E) muscle
4. Name and briefly describe the different categories of epithelial tissues based on cell shape and number of layers
of cells found in the tissue.
5. Epithelial tissue A) is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs. B) usually has a free surface that
interacts with external environment. C) is used as a covering of body surfaces. D) is used to form glands.
E) All of these Answer choices are correct.
6. This type of epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands. A) Pseudostratified
columnar epithelium B) Transitional epithelium C) Simple squamous epithelium D) Stratified squamous
epithelium E) Stratified cuboidal epithelium
7. Simple tubular exocrine glands have A) a rounded secretory attached to a single unbranched duct. B) a
straight tubular secretory portion attached to a single unbranched duct. C) a branched rounded secretory part
attached to a single unbranched duct. D) a coiled tubular secretory part attached to a single unbranched duct.
E) none of these choices
8. Which of the following types of glands are categorized by whether their ducts are branched or unbranched?
A) Multicellular endocrine glands B) Unicellular exocrine glands C) Multicellular exocrine glands
D) Unicellular endocrine glands E) All of these Answer choices are correct.
9. This type of multicellular exocrine gland has a branched rounded secretory part attached to a single unbranched
duct and is found mainly in sebaceous glands. A) Simple branched acinar gland B) Simple branched tubular
gland C) Compound tubular gland D) Compound tuboloacinar gland E) Simple coiled tubular gland
10. This type of epithelial tissue lines the fallopian tubes, uterus, and some bronchioles of the respiratory tract.
A) Stratified cuboidal epithelium B) Simple cuboidal epithelium C) Simple columnar epithelium
D) Transitional epithelium E) Stratified columnar epithelium
11. This type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product in the cytosol of its cells until the cell ruptures and
becomes part of the secretory product. A) Holocrine B) Apocrine C) Exocrine D) All of these Answer
choices are correct. E) None of these Answer choices are correct.
12. This type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin. A) Stratified cuboidal epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium C) Simple cuboidal epithelium D) Stratified squamous epithelium
E) Simple squamous epithelium

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13. Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on A) how the gland release its secretory product.
B) how the gland synthesizes its secretory product. C) size of the gland. D) shape of the gland. E) All of
these Answer choices are correct.
14. This type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. A) Simple columnar
epithelium B) Stratified squamous epithelium C) Simple squamous epithelium D) Simple cuboidal
epithelium E) Stratified cuboidal epithelium
15. In which of the following locations would you most likely find transitional epithelial cells? A) On the surface of
the heart B) Covering skull bones C) Lining of the esophagus D) Outer layer of skin E) Lining of the
urinary bladder
16. This component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind
cells in the tissue together. A) Basement membrane B) Plasma membrane C) Matrix D) Formed
elements E) Ground substance
17. Which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues?
A) Glycogen B) Cholesterol C) Starch D) Melatonin E) Hyaluronic acid
18. Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue? A) Blood B) Tendons C) Bone D) Epidermis
E) Cartilage
19. The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of A) calcified crystals of minerals and enzymes.
B) enzymes and membranous organelles. C) protein fibers and ground substance. D) keratinized cells and
protein fibers. E) plasma membranes and ground substance.
20. The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of A) lymph. B) plasma. C) red blood cells. D) albumin.
E) white blood cells.
21. Spongy bone tissue lacks A) canaliculi. B) osteons. C) lamellae. D) osteocytes. E) lacunae.
22. Which of the following is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found? A) Inside the ear canal B) In
the cartilage found in joints C) Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin D) Lining the chambers of the heart
E) Surrounding the brain
23. What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue? A) stroma B) lacunae C) osteon D) lamellae
E) chromosome
24. Name and briefly describe the two types of growth seen in cartilage.
25. The main function of dense regular connective tissues is A) reducing heat loss from the body surface.
B) providing elasticity to stretchable organs. C) forming stroma of soft organs. D) storing minerals for later
use. E) providing strong attachment between structures like muscle and bones.

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26. Reticular fibers in soft organs like the spleen and liver form a supporting framework called the A) ground
substance. B) glycosaminoglycans. C) matrix. D) basement membrane. E) stroma.
27. The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of this type of connective tissue. A) Elastic
cartilage B) Reticular connective tissue C) Adipose tissue D) Fibrocartilage E) Dense irregular connective
tissue
28. Which of the following types of fibers are commonly found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?
A) Collagen B) Elastic C) Reticular D) All of these Answer choices are correct. E) None of these Answer
choices are correct.
29. Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue? A) Areolar connective tissue B) Elastic
connective tissue C) Spongy bone D) Hyaline cartilage E) Blood
30. This type of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and the organs contained in
that body cavity. A) Serous membrane B) Mucous membrane C) Synovial membrane D) Cutaneous
membrane E) Basement membrane
31. Which of the following types of membranes found in the human body does NOT contain epithelial tissue?
A) Cutaneous membrane B) Mucous membrane C) Synovial membrane D) Serous membrane
32. Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called A) fibrotic cells.
B) granulocytes. C) parenchymal cells. D) agranulocytes. E) stem cells.

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33. In the diagram shown below, which cellular junction is a tight junction? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
34. In the diagram shown below, which cell junction is a desmosome? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

35. In the diagram shown below, where is the basal surface of the epithelial cell? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
36. In the diagram shown below, what of the indicated structure is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina?
A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
37. In the diagram shown below, where is the apical surface of the epithelial cell? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

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38. Which diagram in the figure below represents a compound tubular exocrine gland? A) E B) F C) G D) C
E) D
39. Which of the diagrams in the figure below represents a compound tubuloacinar exocrine gland? A) F B) D
C) H D) E E) G
40. Which diagram in the figure below represents a simple acinar exocrine gland? A) A B) B C) C D) D
E) E

41. Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a stratified cuboidal epithelium? A) B B) C C) D
D) E E) F

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42. Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a pseudostratified columnar epithelium? A) A B) B
C) C D) D E) E
43. Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a simple columnar epithelium? A) A B) B C) C
D) D E) E

44. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows reticular connective tissue? A) F B) K C) C D) H
E) E
45. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of cartilage that is most abundant in the human
body? A) F B) H C) J D) G E) E
46. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows blood? A) F B) H C) G D) K E) J
47. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of connective tissue that contains the Hardest matrix
of all connective tissues? A) D B) G C) B D) K E) J
48. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows areolar connective tissue? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
49. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows fibrocartilage? A) G B) E C) H D) J E) F
50. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows dense regular connective tissue? A) D B) E C) F D) G
E) C

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51. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows cardiac muscle? A) A B) B C) C D) All of these
Answer choices are correct. E) None of these Answer choices are correct.
52. In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows a muscle tissue that is under involuntary control?
1A
2B
3C
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 only
C) 1 and 3
D) 3 only
E) 2 only
53. Briefly describe the four parts of an osteon.
54. Name and describe the types of cells commonly found in connective tissue.
55. Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body? A) intercalated
cells B) skeletal muscle C) smooth muscle D) myoblasts E) cardiac muscle
56. Which of the following types of tissues contains multinucleated cells whose movements are under voluntary
control? A) transitional epithelium B) skeletal muscle C) areolar tissue D) cardiac muscle E) smooth
muscle
57. Compare and contrast the functional and structural characteristics of the three types of muscle tissue.
58. Which of the following types of tissues is made up of small spindle-shaped cells and is commonly found in the
walls of hollow organs? A) transitional epithelium B) areolar tissue C) skeletal muscle D) smooth muscle
E) cardiac muscle
59. Which following types of cells are considered excitable cells because they are able to produce electrical signals?
A) neuroglial cells and neurons B) neurons and epithelial cells C) myofibers and connective tissue cells
D) myofibers and neurons E) neuroglial cells and myofibers

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60. Which substance is secreted by the gland shown?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

earwax
saliva
oil
sweat
hormones

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61. Which of the following figures shows tissue whose functions are secretion and absorption? A) C B) G C) H
D) D E) B
62. Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows the type of epithelial tissue found lining lymphatic
vessels? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
63. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows a type of epithelial tissue whose functions include
movement of mucus over their apical surface by ciliary action?
1B
2C
3E
A) 3 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 2 only
D) 1 only
E) All of these Answer choices are correct.
64. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines the vagina?
A) H B) C C) A D) B E) D
65. Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows the type of epithelial tissue whose functions include
filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
66. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue whose structure allows it
to be stretched or distended? A) D B) G C) H D) E E) A
67. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines the urinary
bladder walls? A) B B) H C) D D) A E) C
68. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue found lining the large
excretory ducts of esophageal gland and whose functions include protection and secretion? A) D B) H C) G
D) A E) E
69. Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines the kidney
tubules? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
70. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines the
uterinetubes? A) C B) A C) F D) B E) E
71. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines the
epididymis? A) B B) D C) E D) F E) A
72. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue found lining the upper
respiratory tract and whose functions include moving mucus and other substances by ciliary action? A) D
B) B C) E D) H E) C

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73. Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines part of the
conjunctiva of the eye? A) D B) G C) F D) C E) A

74. Which of the following figures shows tissue found in lymph nodes? A) B B) D C) F D) C E) A
75. Which of the following figures shows tissue found along the developing bones of the embryo? A) A B) B
C) C D) E E) F
76. Which of the following figures shows tissue that is found in tendons and ligaments? A) E B) F C) C D) D
E) B
77. Which of the following figures shows tissue that is found in the trachea? A) E B) B C) G D) C E) F
78. Which of the following figures shows tissue found in yellow bone marrow? A) D B) H C) A D) B E) C

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79. Which is a function of the tissue shown in diagram A? A) conduct nerve impulses to muscle fibers
B) propulsion of food C) contraction of bladder D) heat production E) pumping of blood
80. Which of the following is an abnormal joining of tissues resulting from the formation of scar tissue at a previous
site of inflammation or surgical repair? A) osteophytes B) cysts C) granulomas D) adhesions
E) articulations

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81. Which is a function of the tissue shown in diagram D? A) propulsion of food B) conduct nerve impulses to
muscle fibers C) contraction of bladder D) pumping of blood E) heat production
82. Which of the following is a term used to describe an increase in the size of a tissue that is the result of an increase
in the size, not number, of cells in that tissue? A) hyperplasia B) anaplasia C) adhesion D) hypertrophy
E) atrophy
83. Which of the following is a term used to describe a decrease in the size of cells within a tissue or organ that
ultimately results in reduction in the overall size of the tissue or organ? A) hyperplasia B) adhesion
C) atrophy D) anorexia E) hypertrophy
84. Discuss how a damaged tissue is repaired.
85. Discuss the difference(s) between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.
86. Mucus-secreting cells found distributed among the simple columnar epithelial linings of the gastrointestinal and
respiratory system are called A) macrophages. B) mast cells. C) osteocytes. D) goblet cells.
E) fibroblasts.
87. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of epithelial tissues? A) Found on the exposed surfaces
of the body. B) Contains no blood vessels within tissue. C) Cells are tightly packed together. D) Line the
inside of blood vessels. E) Large amount of extracellular matrix.

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88. Flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a part of the body are referred to as A) membranes. B) lymph.
C) stroma. D) serum. E) interstitium.
89. In which of the following types of membranes would you expect to find goblet cells? A) synovial membrane
B) plasma membrane C) mucous membrane D) serous membrane E) cutaneous membrane
90. Electrical signals called ________ travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate the release of
chemicals called ___________ that are then used to communicate with other cells. A) action potentials;
hormones B) threshold potentials; neurotransmitters C) threshold potentials; cytokines D) action
potentials; neurotransmitters E) action potentials; cytokines
91. Discuss the three functional classifications of exocrine glands secretions.
92. The two principal types of cells found in nervous tissues are A) neurons and somites. B) neuroglial cells and
neurons. C) neurons and mast cells. D) neurons and dendritic cells. E) neuroglial cells and myofibers.

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Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

D
D
B
Based on cell shape, epithelial tissues can be divided into four categories including: 1) squamous which are thin
and flat, 2) cuboidal which are similar in width and height, 3) columnar are taller than they are wide and 4)
transitional which can change shape from cuboidal to squamous and back again. Epithelial tissues can also be
categorized based on the number of layers of cells found in the tissue. These categories include: 1) simple which
means a single layer of cells, 2) stratified which is two or more layers of cells and 3) pseudostratified which is one
layer of cells that appears multi-layered due to the arrangement of the nuclei in the cells.
E
E
B
C
A
C
A
D
A
C
E
E
E
D
C
B
B
C
C
Growth of cartilage can be classified as interstitial or appositional. In interstitial growth, the cartilage increases
rapidly in size due to the division of existing chondrocytes and the continuous deposition of increasing amounts
of matrix by the chondrocytes. In appositional growth, activity of the cells in the inner chondrogenic layer of the
perichondrium leads to growth. Deeper layers divide and cells mature resulting in the matrix accumulating
beneath the perichondrium on the outer surface of the cartilage causing it to grow in width.
E
E
D
D
A
A
C
E
A
C
C
D
A
B
C
D
D
D
C
C
D
D
E
A
C
A
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51. C
52. C
53. Each osteon includes lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi and a Haversian canal. The lamellae are concentric rings of
matrix that consist of mineral salts and collagen fibers. Lacunae are small spaces between lamellae that contain
mature bone cells called osteocytes. Projecting from the lacunae are canaliculi, which are networks of minute
canals containing the processes of osteocytes. Canaliculi provide routes for nutrients to reach osteocytes and for
wastes to leave them. A central Haversian canal contains blood vessels and nerves.
54. Connective tissue can contain fibroblasts, which are large, flat cells with branching projections that secrete the
fibers and ground substance of the matrix. Macrophages develop from monocytes and are irregular shaped with
short branching projections and are capable of engulfing bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis. Plasma
cells secrete antibodies that attack or neutralize foreign substances in the body. Mast cells produce histamine
that dilates small blood vessels. Adipocytes store triglycerides. White blood cells migrate from blood to
connective tissue in response to certain immune system conditions.
55. E
56. B
57. Both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues are striated and smooth muscle is not, hence its name. Skeletal muscle
cells have more than one nucleus and are large and run parallel to each other. Cardiac muscle cells usually have
only one nucleus and are branched. They also are connected to each other via gap junctions and desmosomes.
This area is known as the intercalated discs. Smooth muscle cells are small spindle-shaped cells that form thick
layers around the hollow organs. Like cardiac muscle cells, some smooth muscle cells communicate via gap
junctions. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled while both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue are involuntary.
58. D
59. D
60. E
61. E
62. A
63. B
64. E
65. A
66. C
67. B
68. C
69. B
70. A
71. C
72. C
73. B
74. B
75. A
76. A
77. E
78. E
79. D
80. D
81. B
82. D
83. C
84. In order to replace the worn-out, damaged or dead cells, new cells arise from stroma, supporting connective
tissue, or the parenchyma for replacement. In some cases stem cells, which are the immature and
undifferentiated cells, will divide to replace the lost or damaged cells.
85. The secretory product (hormones) of endocrine glands enters the interstitial fluid and then diffuses into the
blood without going through a duct. Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the
surface of a covering or the lumen of a hollow organ. Sweat, oil, earwax, saliva and digestive enzymes are typical
exocrine gland secretions.
86. D
87. E
88. A
89. C
90. D

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91. The classification is based on how their secretion is released. Merocrine gland secretions are packaged into a
secretary vesicle and released via exocytosis. Apocrine glands accumulate their secretory product at the apical
surface of the cell and the upper portion of the cell pinches off from the rest of the cell to release the products.
Holocrine glands accumulate their product in their cytosol and after the cell matures, ruptures and releases the
product.
92. B

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