Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1.ABSTRACT
2.INTRODUCTION
3.MOBILE SIGNAL JAMMER
4.BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.1 POWER SUPPLY
4.1.1 ADAPTER
4.2 TIMER
4.3 TUNING CIRCUIT
4.4 RF AMPLIFIER
4.5 RF ANTENNA
5.HARD WARE COMPONENTS
5.1 RESISTORS
5.2 CAPACITORS
5.3 INDUCTORS
5.4 DIODE
5.5 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
5.6 TRANSISTOR
5.7 TRANSFORMER
5.8 RECTIFIER
5.9 VOLTAGE REGULATOR
5.10 FILTER
5.11 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
5.12 WIRES
5.13 HEAT SINK
5.14 SWITCH
6.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
7. WORKING
8.INSTALLATION
9.SPECIFICATONS
10.APPLICATIONS
11.ADVANTAGES
12.FUTURE SCOPE
13.CONCLUSION
14.BIBILOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
Mobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving (or)
transmitting signals with the base stations mobile jammer effectively disable
mobile phones with in the defined regulated zones without causing any
interference to other communication means mobile jammers can be used in
practically any location but are used in places where a phone call would be
particularly disruptive like temples, hospitals, schools, colleges etc.
As with other radio jamming, mobile jammers block mobile phones
use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies, that mobile
phones use. This causes enough interference with the communication b/w
the mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones
unusable. Upon activating mobile jammers, all mobiles will indicate NO
NETWORK. Incoming calls are blocked as it the mobile phones were off,
all mobile phones will automatically, reestablish communications and
provides full services.
The last few years have witnessed a dramatic boom in the wireless
communications industry hence, increasing the no of users in mobile
communication devices. This magnified the need for a more efficient
reliable signal scrambler. This project deals with the mobile jamming
technology. The concept of jamming technology is studied in step-by-step
approach. The mobile jammer works in the frequently range as shown
below,
GSM
CDMA
DCS
3G1
3g2
- 900 MHZ
- 800 MHz
- 1800 1900 MHz
- 2000 MHz ((or) 2GHZ)
- 2100 MHz
INTRODUCTION
Disrupting a cell phone is same as jamming any other type of radio
communication. A cell phone works by communicating with its service
network through a cell tower/Base station. Cell towers divide a city into
small areas can cells. As a cell phone user drives down the street, the signal
is handed from tower to tower.
A jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies, as the cell
phone, disrupting the communication b/w the phone and base station in the
tower. It a called as an denial of service attack the jammer devices service of
radio spectrum, to the cell phone users with in the range of jamming device .
How does mobile phone work?
In order to remain portable mobile phones used to have relatively
compact antennas and use a small amount of power. The means that mobile
phones can send a signal over only a very short range, just like a walkietalkie. The cellular network however, enables you to spread the latest gossip
regardless of how far away your friends are, this is done by dividing upland
into a patch work of cells hexagonal areas of land each equipped with their
own phone most (also called as base station).
How towers work?
When you lock at a cell tower, often there are multiple triangular
platform going up the pole. These usually belong to separate carriers.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY
Power supply
The electronic circuits like amplifiers, oscillators require a source of
DC power. Electronic gadgets like radio, tape recorder, TV etc are
combination of several amplifiers and oscillators. The digital CKIS like
computers, digital meters etc. are also requires a source of DC power to
drive than. The sources of DC Power are batteries and DC generators.
Batteries are used for power supply in portable equipment. But batteries are
rarely used for this purpose as they are costly and require frequency
replacement. The rechargeable batteries of course also require DC source to
charge it. The AC signal is readily available from generating stations and are
also very ceap. DC power for electronic circuits is most conveniently
obtained from AC lines by using rectifier filter regulator called a power
supply.
Regulated DC power supply:
A DC power supply, which converts AC into DC and maintains the
output voltage constant irrespective of AC mains fluctuations (or) load
variations is known as regulated DC power supply.
A power supply consists of rectifier, filter and regulator. The
conversion of AC voltage into steady voltage is carried out by means of
rectifier. In order to remove the alternating component of rectified output
(Ripple), we need a filter. To obtain constant output voltage irrespective of
load variations (or) a supply variation, we need a regulator.
ADOPTER
ADOPTER
It converts high power AC to low power DC. The circuit diagram of
adopter is as shown below.
PROS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Easiest to implement
Designed for medium current loads
Full isolation
Relatively inexpensive
CONS
1. Fairly inefficient
2. Bulky
TIMER
TIMER
For generating accurate time delay, a 555 timer circuit is used. In
most of the industries, operations are scheduled according to specific time
requirements. To achieve such timing requirements the timer 555 is
popularly used to build the timing circuits. The basic operation of timer IC
555 can be explained by its use as monostable circuits.
It is basically monolithic timer circuit which can be used in many
applications such as monostable and astable multivibrators, linear ramp
generator missing the pulse detector, pulse width modulator etc.,
Functions of pins:
Pin 1: Ground
All voltages are measured with respect to this terminal
Pin 2: Trigger
The IC 555 uses 2 comparators. The voltage divider consists of 3
equal resistances. Due to voltage divider the voltage of non terminal of
comparator 2 is fixed to VCC /3. The inverting input of comparator 2 which
is compared with VCC/3 is nothing but trigger I/p brought out as pin 2 when
the trigger I/p is slightly less than VCC/3, the comparator 2 output goes
high. The O/p is given to reset input of RS flip flop. So much output of
comparator 2 resets the Flip Flop.
Pin 3: Output
The complementary signal output Q of F/F goes to pin 3 which is
the output. The load can be connected in 2 ways. One between Pin 3 and
ground; while the other b/w pin 3 and pin 8.
Pin 4:Reset
This is an interrupt to the timing device, when pin 4 grounded it
stops the working of device and makes it off. Thus pin 4 provides on / off
feature to IC 555. This reset input over rides all other functions within the
timer when it is momentarily grounded.
Pin 5: control voltage input
In most of applications, external control voltage input isnt used.
This pin is nothing but the inverting input terminal of comparator-1. The
voltage divider holds the voltage input 2/3 VCC. This ret level comparator,
with which threshold is compared.
required is other than 2/3 VCC for comparator1, the external input is to be
given to pin 5.
Pin 6:Threshold
This non inverting input terminal of con-1, the external voltage is
applied to this pin 6. When this voltage is more than 2/3 VCC, the comp -1
output sets the F/F. This makes Q of F/F high and Q low. Thus O/p of IC 555
at pin3 goes low.
Pin 7: Discharge
This pin is connected to the collector of discharge transistor Qd.
When the O/p is high than Q is low and transistor Qd is off. It acts as an
open circuit to be external capacitor C to be connected across it, so capacitor
C can charge when O/p is low, Q is high, which drives the base of Qd high,
driving transistor is Qd in saturation. It acts as short circuit, shorting the
external capacitor C to be connected across it.
Pin 8:supply
The IC 555 timer can work with any supply voltage b/w 4.0 v to
16v.
TUNING CIRCUIT
TUNING CIRCUIT
A tuning circuit having a coil and a capacitor comprises a resistance
adjustment circuit connected in parallel with a coil and the capacitor. The
resistance adjustment circuit changes a resistance of turning circuit when
resonant. The LC circuit also called as resonant circuit, tank circuit (or)
tuned circuit, it is an electric circuit consisting of an inductor, represented by
a letter L and capacitor represented by C connected together. The CKT
acts as an electrical resonator.
LC circuits are used for either generating signals at a particular
frequency (or) picking out a signal at particular frequency from a more
complex signal. An LC circuit is an idealized model since it assumes there is
no dissipation of energy due to resistance. Any practical implementation of
an LC circuit will always include loss resulting from small but non zero
resistance within the components and connecting wires. The purpose of an
LC circuit is usually to oscillate with minimal damping.
RF POWER AMPLIFIER
RF power amplifier:
RF power amplifier are used in wide variety of applications
including wireless communication, TV transmission, RADAR and RF
heating. The basic techniques for RF power amplication can use classes as
A,B,C,D,E & F, frequencies ranging from VLF through Microwave
frequencies. The RF output power can range from few mw to MW,
depending upon application. The introduction of solid state RF power
devices brought the use of wire voltage, higher currents and low load
resistances.
The most important parameters that defines an RF power amplifier
are;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Output power
Gain
Linearity
Stability
DC supply voltage
Efficiency
Ruggedness
The power class of amplification determines the type of bias applied
RF ANTENNA
RF ANTENNA
RF SPECIFICATIONS
General:
Frequency range: 800MHz-2100MHz
Polarization: vertical
Pattern : omni directional
Performance gain : +3dB 30KHz-32 MHz,rising to
+/- 12 dB at 500MHz
Noise figure : 3.5dB at 500MHz
Power:
Power required : 12 volts DC, 85 mA max (PS not included)
Control units:
Voltage to antenna : 12v Dc , 85 mA max
Noise rejection : 770 dB with respect to output voltage.
Physical:
Antenna size: 16 inches(40 cm)
HARDWARE
COMPONENTS
RESISTOR:
The flow of charge (or) current through any material encounters an
opposing force. This opposing force is called as Resistance of the material
The colour bands are always read from left to right from the end that
as the bands close to it as shown in figure. The numerical value associated
with end colour is also shown. The 1st & 2nd bands represent the 1st & 2nd
significant digits the 3rd number is the multiplier and 4 th number is tolerance
with 1,2,5,10 are brown, red, gold, silver colours respthy.
CAPACITORS
CAPACITORS
A capacitor is an energy strong passive compoenent which is found
nearly is every electronic circuit. A capacitor is basically a meant to store
electronic and electrical energy and release then whatever desired.
Capacitance is a measure of a capacitor ability to store electric
change.
UNITS: the units of capacitance is FARADS(F). However, parad is a large
unit. Practically, capacitors were specified in
(i) Micro farod ( f)
(ii) PICO farad (pf)
INDUCTOR
INDUCTOR
Inductor (or) coil (or) choke is an electromagnetic device consisting of a
conducting wire wound in cylindrical/ spiral form to obtain concentrated
magnetic flux. The base on which the coil is wound is known as core. The
core may be a magnetic material such as iron, ferrite (or) air.
DIODE
DIODE
PN junction conducts current easily when forward biased and practically
current flows, when it is reverse biased. This unidirectional conduction
characteristics of PN junction is similar to that of vaccum diode. Therefore
like a vaccum diode, a semiconductor can also accomplish. The job of
reflection change alternating to direct current. However semiconductor diode
have become more popular as they are smaller in size, cheaper and robust,
usually separated with greater efficiency.
LED
LED
A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are
used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasing the used for
heightening. When a night emitting diode is forward biased (switched on),
electrons are able to recombine with holes with in the device, releasing
energy in the form of photons.
emitted and there its colour, depends on the band gap energy of the national
forming the PN junction. The materials used for the Led have a direct band
gap with energies corresponding to near inferred, visible (or) near UV light.
TRANSISTOR
Transistor
A BC 547 transistor is a negative positive negative (NPN) transistor that is
used for many purposes. Together with other electronic components such as
resistors, and capacitors. It can be used as the active component for switches
and amplifiers. Like all other NPN transistors, this type has an either
terminal, a base are control terminal and a collector terminal. In a typical
configuration, the current flowing from the base to the emitter controls the
collector current. A short vertical line, which is the base, can indicate the
transistor schematic for the NPN transistor and the emitter which is a
diagonal line connecting to the base, is an arrowhead pointing away from the
base.
TRANSFORMER
Transformer
Usually DC voltages are required to operate various electronic equipment
and these voltages are 5V , 9V (or) RV. But these voltages cannot be
obtained directly. Thus the AC input available at main supply ie., 230 v is to
be brought down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to a
required level.
RECTIFIER
Rectifier
The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts AC into
pulsating DC. The rectifier may be half wave (or)a full wave rectifier. In this
project, a bridge rectifier is used because of its merits like good stability and
full wave rectification.
The bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an AC voltage to DC
voltage using both Y2 cycles of I/p voltage. Bridge rectifier circuit is shown
in figure. The circuit has 4 diodes connecting to froms a bridge. The AC
Filter
Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from
the output of rectifier and smoothens the DC O/p received from this filter is
constant until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. However, it
either of two is varied DC voltage received at this pint changes. Therefore, a
regulator is applied at the output state.
Voltage Regulator:
As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A
voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically
maintain a constant voltage level.
In this project power supply of 5V and 12V are required. Inorder to obtain
these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are to be used. The 1 st
number 78 represents the supply and the numbers 05,12 represents the
required O/p voltage levels. The LM 78xx series of 3 terminal +Ve
regulators is available in TD 220 , TO -220 FP, TO-3, D2 PAK and DPAK
packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range
of apps. These regulators can provide local on card regulation, eliminating
the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type
employs a internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe area
protection, making it essentially indestructible. It adequate heat sink is
provided, they can deliver over 1A output current, although designed
primarily as fixed voltage regulator.
PRINTED CIRCUIT
BOARD
Laminations are
Paper phenoue
Glass epoxy
The PCB can also classified based on no of layers for conductors and
presence of hols. They are
1. Single sided board
2. Double sided board
3. Multilayered board
4. Board for surface current devices
HEAT SINK
Heat Sink
In electronic systems a heat sink is passive heat exchanger that cools a
device by dissipating heat into the surrounding media. In computers, heat
sinks are used to cool control processing units (or) graphic processors. That
skinks are used with high power semiconductor devices such as power
transistor and opto electronics such as LASERS and LED, where the heat
dissipation ability of the device is insufficient to moderate its temperature.
system gas water heatests geothermal heating & cooling and electronic
systems. In this project the used a heat sinks which is made with aluminum.
Some of the heat sinks are shown .
WIRES
Wires
Electrical wires are usually covered with installing materials such as plastic,
rubber, polymers etc., wire comes in solid core, stand board or braided
forms. Although usually circular in cross section, wires can be made in
square, hexagonal, hattered, rectangular (or) other cross sections.
SWITCHES
Switches
In elelctrical and electronic system, a switch is a device which can make (or)
break an electrical circuit (or) we can say that switch is a controlling device
which interrupt the flow of current on direct the flow of current in another
direction. Almost all the electrical and electronics systems contain at least on
switch which is used to make the device On (or) Off. In addition, a switch is
used to control the circuit operation and user may able to activate (or) de
activate the whole (or) certain parts of the connected circuit.
Generally switches are of 2 types. They are
1. Mechanical switches
2. Electrical/ electronic switches
Mechanical switches are again classified into 5 types , they are
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A single pole single throw [SPST] switch is a switch that only has a
single I/P and can connect only to one output. This means that it has one I/P
terminal and one O/p terminal.
1. Transistor\
2. MOSFETS
3. RELAYS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
INSTALLATION
2. Never install this device close to the wall, wall will affect the interference
signals .Put this device 30-50cm away from the wall.
3. One set of this device can block all types of cellular systems including
analog(AMPS,TACS,NIM) and digital
(GSM,DCS,PDC,TDMA,PHS,PCS,IDEW,CDMA,WCDMA)signals up to
30 cm radius, covers an individual room of around 2800 square meters.
4. To cover an area bigger than 2800 square meters .Please install multiples
of this device to ensure better jamming effect.EG. . in an individual space of
3500 square meters, you should need to install 2 or more devices working
together.
5. This device is not able to cover different spaces divided with walls, install
individual jammers in different positions of a building to ensure the best
jamming effect.
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
OUTPUT
FREQUENCY
AVERAGE
OUTPUT
POWER
CHANNEL OUTPUT
POWER
CDMA
800-850MHz
35dB
4dB/30khz(min)
GSM
850-900MHz
35dB
3dB/30KHz(min)
DCS
18001900MHz
33dB
1dB/30KHz(min)
33dB
1dB/30KHz(min)
3G
20002100MHz
Power supply
AC :
110-240V
DC :
5V/8A
3 Kg
Output power
: 10 W
Jamming range
: 2.50m
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
To maintain the complete silence in library and lecture hall.
To avoid fraud in examination hall.
For, providing security in business conference, board of directors rooms ,
seminars, etc.
FUTURE SCOPE
FUTURE SCOPE
This project is more compatable and reliable.Therefore,this can be further
implemented in so many ways as follows;
1.This project can be accessed by using remote.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites Referred
www.tele communications.com
www.wikpedia.com
www.seminar projects.org
Books referred
Principles of electronics,
Electronic communication systems,
Electronics devices and circuits
ANTENNA
POWER
SUPPLY
ADAPTER
RF POWER
AMPLIFIER
555 TIMER
TUNING
CIRCUIT
(FIXED)