SHM Lecture 4 Phs1005

ENGINEERING PHYSICS 1 (PHS1005)
TOPIC:
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Developed and presented by:

J. Bennett & H. Simpson
Physics Division
School Of Natural & Applied Sciences
Faculty of Science & Sport
University of Technology, Jamaica
Success =
Faith+Commitment+Effort
Oscillations
When a vibration or an oscillation repeats

itself over the same path the motion is
periodic.
Examples of periodic motion
Oscillating pendulum.
Mass oscillating at the end of a vertical
spring.
Mass oscillating at the end of a horizontal
spring on a frictionless surface.
Success =
Periodic motion
When an object
vibrates or oscillates
back and forth over
the same path,
covering each cycle
in the same time,
the motion is
periodic.
Success =
Oscillating Pendulum
Success =
Mass oscillating at end of horizontal

spring on a frictionless surface
Success =
Mass oscillating at end of a

vertical spring
Success =
Oscillations
We need to define a few terms:
The distance x of the body from the
equilibrium position is called the
displacement.
Amplitude: maximum displacement.
Period: Time for one complete cycle
Success =
Oscillations
In the lab you will examine the

oscillating pendulum and the oscillation
of a mass on the end of a vertical
spring.
Success =
SHM Definition
Vibratory motion in a system in which the:
acceleration is always directed towards a fixed point.

acceleration is directly proportional to its distance from the
fixed point.
net restoring force is directly proportional to the negative
of the displacement.
motion is periodic, amplitude does not change with time,
and energy is conserved.
Success = Faith+Commitment+Effort
SHM Hooks law and Newton 2nd Law

Consider a mass placed on a
vertical spring according to
Hookes Law:
kx
From Newtons second

law:
ma
10

Consider a mass placed on a
spring according to Hookes
Law:
kx
From Newtons second

law:
ma
11
kx
kx
Recall
ma
ma
d x
2
dt
kx
Success =
ma
12
Differential equation for SHO

Combining equations from Hookes law and
Newton's law yields a differential equation.
2
d x
2
dt
k
x
m
This equation is the
differential equation
for the simple harmonic oscillator

Success =
13
G.S of DE for SHM

Assume general form of solution of
equation is:
x aCos t bS in t
Where a and b are arbitrary constants
14
First Differentiation of G.S.
dx
dt
dx
dt
d
d
a Cos t b Sin t
dt
dt
a Sin t
b Cos t
15
Second Differentiation of G.S.

2
d x
2
dt
a
2
Coswt
(a cos t
Sin t
b sin t )
Success =
16
Substitution
Substituting
2
d x
and x
2
dt
into
d x
2
dt
k
x
m
Success =
17
Substituting
and factorizing
d x
2
dt
yields
(a cos t
b sin t )
(a cos t
k
x
m
k
(a cos t
m
k
b sin t )(
m
Success =
b sin t )
18
Angular frequency equation
Thus the equation of motion is satisfied

by our trial solution if
k
m
2
k
m
Success =
k
m
19
GS of DE
x = a Cos wt + b Sin wt
is in fact the general solution to the
differential equation.
In real Physical situations the constants

a and b are determined by the initial
conditions.
Success =
20
SHM with Initial condition set
Suppose the mass is started at is

maximum displacement x = A and
released without a push v = 0, t = 0
applying initial conditions
Success =
21
SHM with Initial condition set contd
x
dx
dt
a cos t
b sin t
a sin 0 b cos0 b
At t = 0 and a = A and bw = 0 so b = 0 and the

motion is a pure sine curve
a cos
Success =
22
SHM with Initial condition set

contd
a cos
Success =
23
SHM
There are many other situations in which

neither a nor b is zero such as when the
spring is stretched a certain distance at t = 0
and given a push so at t = 0 x is less than A.
In all cases specifying two properties such as
displacement and velocity at a given instant
will uniquely determine a and b
Success =
24
Displacement Equation
x = a Cos wt + b Sin wt
can be written in the
following more
convenient form
x = A Cos (wt + )
Success =
25
Displacement Equation (contd)
A is defined as the amplitude which

occurs when the cosine has a
maximum value of 1 and is called the
phase angle. It tells us how long after
or before t = 0 the peak x = A is
reached for = 0
x = A Cos wt
Success =
26
Angular (w)and Natural frequency (f) of SHM
Recall
k
m
so
2 f
K
M
2 f
f
Success =
1
2
K
m
27
Period of SHM
m
k
N.B: The period and frequency do not

depend on the amplitude.
Success =
28
SHM where mass begin oscillation

at the equilibrium position.
Success =
29
SHM with phase angle
Success =
Displacement
time graph for a
SHM with phase
angle not equal
to zero.
30
Displacement, velocity and

acceleration graphs of SHM
Success =
31
32
Maximum velocity and acceleration in SHM
Success =
33
Instantaneous and maximum Velocity of SHM
dx
dt
d
( A Cos
dt
ASin( t
Max V occurs when sine function is a maximum of 1 so:
vmax
Success =
34
Maximum value of acceleration of SHM
maximum value of
acceleration is
determine by the
equation:
2
amax
2
k
m
Success =
35
QUESTION 1
A spring stretches 0.150 m when a 300 g mass is
hung from it. The spring is then stretched an
additional 0.100 m from this equilibrium position
and released Determine the:
a)
values of the spring constant k and the
angular frequency.
b) amplitude of the oscillation
c)
maximum velocity
d) maximum acceleration of the mass.
e)
period and frequency.
f)
displacement , velocity and acceleration as a
function of time.
g) velocity and acceleration at t = 0.150 s
Succeiss =
36
QUESTION 1
Success =
37
Solution 1
(a)
F = kx
K= F
x
K= 0.300 kg x 9.80
0.150 m
= 19.6 N/m
Success =
38
Solution 1
K
M
19.6 N / m
0.300kg
= 8. 08 rad/s
Success =
39
Solution 1 (contd)
(b) A = 0.100 m
(c)
vmax
A
= (8.08rad/s)(0.100 m) =0.808 m/s
Success =
40
Solution 1 (contd)
(d) Max acceleration occurs when x = A = +0.100 m
amax vmax A
= (8.08)2( 0.100) = 6.53 m/s2

or
a max = kA = (19.6 N/m )(0.100 m)

m
0.300
=
6.53 m/s2
Success =
41
Solution 1 (contd)
(e)
m
k
T=2
T=2
0.300
0.770s
19.6
f = 1 = 1.30Hz
T
Success =
42
Solution 1 (contd)
(f) The motion begins at a point of maximum
displacement down wards. Taking x as positive
upwards
X = -A
at t =0
So we need a sinusoidal curve that has a maximum

negative value at t = 0 which is a negative cosine
curve
x = - A cos 2f t so at t =0, x = -A
x = - 0.100 mCos 8.08 t

Success =
43
Solution 1 (contd)
Velocity as a function of time
V = dx = d (-0.100 m Cos8.08 t)
dt
dt
=0 .808 m/s Sin 8.08 t
at t = 0.150 s
V = 0.808 m/s Sin [(8.08)(0.150)]
Success =
44
Solution 1 (contd)
V = 0.808 m/s Sin (8.08)(0.150)
V= 0.76 m/s
Is the velocity 0.76m/s???
If not what is it?
Success =
45
Solution 1 (contd)
Acceleration as a function of time
a = dV = d (0 .808 m/s Sin 8.08 t)
dt
dt
= 6.52m/s2 cos 8.08 t
a =6.52 cos 8.08 (0.150)
Success =
46
Solution 1 (contd)
a =2.29 m/s2
Is the acceleration 2.29 m/s2 ???
Success =
47
Phase shift
shift sine to the left

to create cosine
shift cosine to the
right to create sine
Success =
48
QUESTION 2
An object oscillates with simple harmonic motion along
the x axis. Its position varies with time according to the
equation and is in meters.
x (t )
4.00c os
t is in seconds and the angles in the parentheses are in

radians.
a) Determine the amplitude, frequency, and period of
the motion.
b) Write equations for the velocity and acceleration of
the object at any time t.
Success =
49
QUESTION 2 (Contd)
(c) Using the results of part (b), determine the position,
velocity, and acceleration of the object at t = 1.00 s.

(d) Determine the maximum speed and maximum
acceleration of the object.
(e) Find the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the
object between t = 0 and t = 1.00 s respectively.
Success =
50
= 2.00s
Solution 2
(a)
By comparing this equation with Equation of

simple harmonic oscillator
x = A cos (wt + ), we see that A = 4.00 m and

therefore
T = 1/f = 2.00 s.
Success =
51
Problem 3 (part 1)
A 200-g block connected to a light
spring for which the force constant is
5.00 N/m is free to oscillate on a
horizontal, frictionless surface. The
block is displaced 5.00 cm from
equilibrium and released from rest.
a) Find the period of its motion.
b) Determine the maximum speed of the
block.
c) What is the maximum acceleration of
the block?
d) Express the position, speed, and
acceleration as functions of time.
Success =
52
Solution 3 (part 1)
a)
b)
c)
d)
1.26 sec
0.25m/s
1.25m/s2
x = A cos wt = (0.0500 m) cos 5.00t
V=- w A sin wt = - (0.250 m/s) sin 5.00t
a= -w2A cos wt = -(1.25m/s2)cos 5.00t
Success =
53
Problem 3 (part 2)
Given that the block is released from the
same initial position, x(0) = 5.00 cm, but with
an initial velocity of v(0) = 0.100 m/s?
Determine the new equations for:
a) displacement.
b) velocity
c) acceleration.
Success =
54
Solution 3 (part 2)
Success =
55
References
Make reference to the handout on SHM.

See two (2) additional questions and
solution.
http://dev.physicslab.org/Document.aspx?doctype=3&fil
ename=Momentum_Impulse.xml
http://images.tutorvista.com/content/kinematics/displac
ement-vectors.gif
A-level physics by Roger Muncaster
Further Mechanics by Jefferson & Beadworths
Physics for Scientists and Engineers (4th Edition) by
Giancoli
Success =
56

SHM Lecture 4 Phs1005

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

SHM Lecture 4 Phs1005

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

ENGINEERING PHYSICS 1 (PHS1005)

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

Developed and presented by:

When a vibration or an oscillation repeats

Mass oscillating at end of horizontal

Mass oscillating at end of a

In the lab you will examine the

acceleration is always directed towards a fixed point.

SHM Hooks law and Newton 2nd Law

From Newtons second

SHM Hooks law and Newton 2nd Law

From Newtons second

SHM Hooks law and Newton 2nd Law

Differential equation for SHO

This equation is the

for the simple harmonic oscillator

G.S of DE for SHM

First Differentiation of G.S.

Second Differentiation of G.S.

Angular frequency equation

Thus the equation of motion is satisfied

In real Physical situations the constants

SHM with Initial condition set

Suppose the mass is started at is

SHM with Initial condition set contd

At t = 0 and a = A and bw = 0 so b = 0 and the

SHM with Initial condition set

There are many other situations in which

Displacement Equation (contd)

A is defined as the amplitude which

Angular (w)and Natural frequency (f) of SHM

N.B: The period and frequency do not

SHM where mass begin oscillation

SHM with phase angle

Displacement, velocity and

Maximum velocity and acceleration in SHM

Instantaneous and maximum Velocity of SHM

Max V occurs when sine function is a maximum of 1 so:

Maximum value of acceleration of SHM

= (8.08)2( 0.100) = 6.53 m/s2

a max = kA = (19.6 N/m )(0.100 m)

So we need a sinusoidal curve that has a maximum

x = - 0.100 mCos 8.08 t

shift sine to the left

t is in seconds and the angles in the parentheses are in

velocity, and acceleration of the object at t = 1.00 s.

By comparing this equation with Equation of

x = A cos (wt + ), we see that A = 4.00 m and

Make reference to the handout on SHM.

S-ar putea să vă placă și