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Shutdownvalve
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Ashutdownvalve(alsoreferredtoasSDVorEmergencyshutdownvalve,ESV,ESD,orESDV)isan
actuatedvalvedesignedtostoptheflowofahazardousfluidorexternalhydrocarbons(gases)upon
thedetectionofadangerousevent.Thisprovidesprotectionagainstpossibleharmtopeople,
equipmentortheenvironment.ShutdownvalvesformpartofaSafetyinstrumentedsystem.The
processofprovidingautomatedsafetyprotectionuponthedetectionofahazardouseventiscalled
FunctionalSafety
Shutdownvalvesareprimarilyassociatedwiththepetroleumindustryalthoughotherindustriesmay
alsorequirethistypeofprotectionsystem.ESDvalvesarerequiredbylawonanyequipmentplacedon
anoffshoredrillingrigtopreventcatastrophiceventsliketheBPHorizonexplosionintheGulfof
Mexicoin2010.

Contents
1Typesofvalve
2Typesofactuation
3Measuringperformance
4Seealso

Typesofvalve
Forfluids,metalseatedballvalvesareusedasshutdownvalves(SDV's).Useofmetalseatedball
valvesleadstooveralllowercostswhentakingintoaccountlostproductionandinventory,andvalve
repaircostsresultingfromtheuseofsoftseatedballvalveswhichhavealowerinitialcost.
Straightthroughflowvalves,suchasrotaryshaftballvalves,aretypicallyhighrecoveryvalves.High
recoveryvalvesarevalvesthatloselittleenergyduetolittleflowturbulence.Flowpathsarestraight
through.Rotarycontrolvalves,butterflyvalveandballvalvesaregoodexamples.
Forairintakeshutdown,twodistincttypesarecommonlyutilized,i.e.butterflyvalvesandswinggate
orguillotinevalves.Becausedieselenginesignitefuelusingcompressioninsteadofanelectronic
ignition,shuttingoffthefuelsourcetoadieselenginewillnotnecessarilystoptheenginefrom
running.Whenanexternalhydrocarbon,suchasmethanegas,ispresentintheatmosphere,itcanbe
suckedintoadieselenginecausingoverspeedoroverrevving,potentiallyleadingtoacatastrophic
failureandexplosion.Whenactuated,ESDvalvesstoptheflowofairandpreventthesefailures.

Typesofactuation
AsshutdownvalvesformpartofaSISitisnecessarytooperatethevalvebymeansofanactuator.
Theseactuatorsarenormallyfailsafefluidpowertype.Typicalexamplesoftheseare:
Pneumaticcylinder
Hydrauliccylinder
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Electrohydraulicactuator
Inadditiontothefluidtype,actuatorsalsovaryinthemannerinwhichtheenergyisstoredtooperate
thevalveondemandasfollows:
singleactingcylinderOrspring
returnwheretheenergyisstored
bymeansofacompressedspring
doubleactingcylinderEnergyis
storedusingavolumeof
compressedfluid
Thetypeofactuationrequireddependsupon
theapplication,sitefacilitiesandalsothe
physicalspaceavailablealthoughthemajority
ofactuatorsusedforshutdownvalvesareof
thespringreturntypeduetothefailsafe
natureofspringreturnsystems

Measuringperformance

Pneumaticallyactuatedshutdownvalve

Forshutdownvalvesusedinsafety
instrumentedsystemsitisessentialtoknowthatthevalveiscapableofprovidingtherequiredlevelof
safetyperformanceandthatthevalvewilloperateondemand.Therequiredlevelofperformanceis
dicatedbytheSafetyIntegrityLevel(SIL).Inordertoadheretothislevelofperformanceitisnecessary
totestthevalve.Thereare2typesoftestingmethodsavailablebeing
ProoftestAmanualtestthatallowstheoperatortodeterminewhetherthevalveisinthe"as
goodasnew"conditionbytestingforallpossiblefailuremodesandrequiresaplantshutdown
DiagnosticTestAnautomatedonlinetestthatwilldetectapercentageofthepossiblefailure
modesoftheshudownvalve.Anexampleofthisforashutdownvalvewouldbeapartialstroke
test.Anexampleofamechanicalpartialstroketestdevicecanbefoundhere(http://www.ca
m.com/Forms/Product.aspx?prodID=3da2f6d9dfad408a9863b2cdf266f49c).

Seealso
Actuator
Pipelinetransport
Piping
Unitoperation
Valves
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