Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ue Dias
nriq
Autoria: Carlos He
Tema 04
Funo Quadrtica e Aplicaes
7HPD
Funo Quadrtica e Aplicaes
Autoria: Carlos Henrique Dias
ndice
CONVITELEITURA
Pg. 3
ACOMPANHENAWEB
PORDENTRODOTEMA
Pg. 4
Pg. 11
Pg. 12
Pg. 16
Pg. 17
Pg. 17
Pg. 18
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SRUWXJXHVDRXTXDOTXHURXWURLGLRPD
CONVITELEITURA
Contedo
C
PORDENTRODOTEMA
Funo Quadrtica e Aplicaes
Introduo
1R 7HPD YRFr HVWXGRX D FDUDFWHUL]DomR GDV IXQo}HV SROLQRPLDLV GR o JUDX 1HVWH WHPD YRFr HVWXGDUi D
DSOLFDomRGHVVDVIXQo}HVHPSUREOHPDVTXHHQYROYHPDiUHDGHJHVWmRHPSUHVDULDOHFRQWDELOLGDGHSRUH[HPSORR
HVWXGRGDVIXQo}HVUHFHLWDFXVWRHOXFUR3DUDIDFLOLWDUDIXQomRSROLQRPLDOGRoJUDXSRGHVHUFKDPDGDGHIXQomR
TXDGUiWLFDWHUPRTXHVHUiXWLOL]DGRPXLWDVYH]HV
Exemplo Prtico
Em uma loja, o preo de um calado pode variar de acordo com a demanda(PJHUDODTXDQWLGDGHGHPDQGDGD
de um bem aumenta medida que o preo por unidade diminui. Assim, o preo do calado pode ser relacionado por uma
equao, de forma a permitir que o vendedor determine um preo para uma demanda. Por exemplo, o vendedor percebe
TXHRSUHoRGRFDOoDGRSSRGHVHUUHODFLRQDGRSHODTXDQWLGDGHGHPDQGDGD[GRVHJXLQWHPRGR
p = -3x + 300
(QWmRSDUDYHQGHUSRUH[HPSORFDOoDGRV[ RSUHoRSRUFDOoDGRVHUi
p = -3 UHDLV
(QWUHWDQWRVHHOHGHVHMDDXPHQWDUVXDVYHQGDVHFRPHUFLDOL]DFDOoDGRV[ RSUHoRVHUi
p = -3 UHDLV
2EVHUYHTXHSDUDYHQGHUFDOoDGRVRSUHoRGHYHVHUGH5SDUDYHQGHURSUHoRGHYHVHUGH5
Obviamente, menor o preo, maior o nmero de calados vendidos.
Para calcular a receita relativa venda dos calados, o vendedor multiplica a quantidade vendida pelo preo de cada
FDOoDGR'HVWHPRGRDIyUPXODTXHIRUQHFHDUHFHLWDUHODWLYDjYHQGDGHFDOoDGRVpRSUHoRSYH]HVDTXDQWLGDGH[GH
PORDENTRODOTEMA
calados vendidos, ou seja, R = p x. Porm, como o preo j calculado pela relao p = -3x+300, substituindo p por
[WHPVH
R = p [ [ x R= -3x+300x
3HUFHEDTXHVHRYHQGHGRUGHVHMDYHQGHUFDOoDGRVRSUHoRFRPRYHULFDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHVHUiGH5H
a receita relativa desta venda ser:
R = p [ UHDLV
A receita tambm pode ser calculada:
R = p x = -3 +300 UHDLV
A funo R= -3x[TXHGHWHUPLQDDUHFHLWDSDUD[VDSDWRVYHQGLGRVpXPDIXQomRTXDGUiWLFD2JUiFRGDSDUiEROD
DVVRFLDGDDHVVDIXQomRpUHSUHVHQWDGRVHJXLQGRDVHWDSDVDVHJXLU
o'HWHUPLQDUFRHFLHQWHVa funo R= -3x+300x, ento, a = -3, b = 300 e c = 0.
oConcavidadeGDSDUiERODQHVWHFDVRFRPRDD D concavidade da parbola voltada para baixo.
3o,QWHUFHSWRFRPRHL[R\ a parbola corta o eixo y em 0, pois c = 0.
o,QWHUFHSWRFRPRHL[R[ deve-se resolver a equao
-3x[ 3HODIyUPXODGH%KDVNDUD
PORDENTRODOTEMA
Portanto, a parbola corta o eixo das abscissas em x = 0 e x
5o9pUWLFHGDSDUiEROD a coordenada do vrtice da parbola determinada a partir de dois valores, xv e yv:
$FRRUGHQDGDGRYpUWLFHGDSDUiERODp
o&RQVWUXLURJUiFRcolocam-se os pontos no plano cartesiano a partir das informaes obtidas nos passos anteriores.
(PVHJXLGDWUDoDVHDFXUYDTXHSDVVDSHORVSRQWRV
eSRVVtYHOSHUFHEHUSHORJUiFRDSUHVHQWDGRQD)LJXUDTXHDUHFHLWDPi[LPDRFRUUHTXDQGRDYHQGDGHFDOoDGRVp
LJXDOD[ HRYDORUGDUHFHLWDPi[LPDFRUUHVSRQGHQWHpGH5\ 2YpUWLFHGDSDUiERODIRUQHFH
PORDENTRODOTEMA
DORFDOL]DomRGDPi[LPDUHFHLWD[vHDUHFHLWDPi[LPD\v(YLGHQWHPHQWHVHDSDUiERODHVWLYHUFRPFRQFDYLGDGH
YROWDGDSDUDFLPDHVVDFRRUGHQDGDUHSUHVHQWDUiRPtQLPRGDIXQomR(PSUREOHPDVSUiWLFRVSDUDDORFDOL]DomRGR
mximo ou mnimo de uma funo quadrtica, basta determinar o vrtice da parbola.
$QDOLVDQGRDJRUDSRURXWURSRQWRGHYLVWDHDLQGDFRPUHODomRDRPHVPRFDOoDGRRYHQGHGRUSHUFHEHTXHRFXVWRGH
IDEULFDomRpGDGRSRU& [$VVLPSRUH[HPSORSDUDDIDEULFDomRGHFDOoDGRVRFXVWRVHUi
& UHDLV
$IXQomRFXVWR& [pSROLQRPLDOGRSULPHLURJUDXHDPRQWDJHPGRJUiFRGHVVHWLSRGHIXQomRIRLHVWXGDGD
QR7HPD2JUiFRGDIXQomRFXVWRHVWiUHSUHVHQWDGRQD)LJXUD
1D)LJXUDpSRVVtYHOFRQUPDURH[HPSORDQWHULRUSDUDFDOoDGRVSURGX]LGRVRFXVWRVHUiGH5
2YHQGHGRUSRGHGHWHUPLQDUROXFURDRSURGX]LUHFRPHUFLDOL]DUFDOoDGRV3RUH[HPSORFRPRMiVHYHULFRXDQWHULRUPHQWH
SDUDFDOoDGRVIDEULFDGRVHYHQGLGRVRFXVWRHDUHFHLWDVmRUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH5H5$VVLPR
lucro associado ser:
/ 55 5
PORDENTRODOTEMA
'HIRUPDJHQpULFDDIXQomROXFURpHVFULWDXWLOL]DQGRDUHODomR/ 5&$VVLP
L = -3x[[ L= - 3x[[
L = -3x[
Assim como a funo receita, a funo lucro L = -3x[ WDPEpP p XPD IXQomR TXDGUiWLFD H R JUiFR GD
SDUiERODDVVRFLDGDDHVVDIXQomRpUHSUHVHQWDGRVHJXLQGRDVHWDSDVDVHJXLU
o'HWHUPLQDUFRHFLHQWHVa funo L= -3x[HQWmRD E HF
o&RQFDYLGDGHGDSDUiERODDFRQFDYLGDGHGDSDUiERODpYROWDGDSDUDEDL[RSRLVQHVWHFDVRDD
3o,QWHUFHSWRFRPRHL[R\DSDUiERODFRUWDRHL[R\HPSRLVF = .
o,QWHUFHSWRFRPRHL[R[ deve-se resolver a equao
-3x[ 3HODIyUPXODGH%KDVNDUD
PORDENTRODOTEMA
$FRRUGHQDGDGRYpUWLFHGDSDUiERODp
o&RQVWUXLURJUiFRcolocam-se os pontos no plano cartesiano a partir das informaes obtidas nos passos anteriores.
(PVHJXLGDGHYHVHWUDoDUDFXUYDTXHSDVVDSRUHVVHVSRQWRV
1D)LJXUDROXFURPi[LPRRFRUUHTXDQGR[ RXVHMDTXDQGRFDOoDGRVVmRSURGX]LGRVHVmRFRPHUFLDOL]DGRV
2YDORUFRUUHVSRQGHQWHDROXFURPi[LPRpGH52YpUWLFHGDSDUiERODIRUQHFHXDLQIRUPDomRVREUHRPi[LPR
da funo.
PORDENTRODOTEMA
$LQGDFRPUHODomRDRJUiFRGD)LJXUDRVYDORUHVGH[SDUDRVTXDLVROXFURpQXORRFRUUHPTXDQGR[ RX[
&RPRMiH[SOLFDGRQR7HPDROXFUR]HURUHSUHVHQWDDVLWXDomRHPTXHDUHFHLWDpLJXDODRFXVWRRXVHMDVLWXDomR
do break-even point&RQVWUXLQGRRJUiFRGDIXQomRUHFHLWDHGDIXQomRFXVWRHPXPPHVPRVLVWHPDGHHL[RVp
possvel observar esta situao:
Figura 4.4*UiFRGDIXQomRUHFHLWDHGDIXQomRFXVWRHPXPPHVPRVLVWHPDGHHL[RV
2EVHUYHTXHQD)LJXUDDUHJLmRVRPEUHDGDHVWiOLPLWDGDSHORVYDORUHVGH[PDLRUHVTXHHPHQRUHVTXHe
QHVWDUHJLmRTXHDUHFHLWDpPDLRUTXHRFXVWRRXVHMDHPTXHKiOXFUR
$LQGD QD )LJXUD SRGHVH REVHUYDU TXH D UHFHLWD Pi[LPD p UHSUHVHQWDGD SHOR SRQWR (QWUHWDQWR HVVH
SRQWRHVWiIRUDGDUHJLmRGHOXFURRXVHMDFRQVHJXLUDUHFHLWDPi[LPDQHVWHFDVRVLJQLFRXREWHUSUHMXt]R
(PWHUPRVSUiWLFRVDUHFHLWDPi[LPDQHPVHPSUHUHSUHVHQWDUiROXFURPi[LPRjVYH]HVSRGHDWpUHSUHVHQWDUXPD
VLWXDomRGHSUHMXt]RFRPRPRVWUDD)LJXUD,VVRDFRQWHFHSRUTXHROXFURGHSHQGHQmRVyGDIXQomRUHFHLWDPDV
tambm da funo custo.
ACOMPANHENAWEB
Acesse o site Mundo Educao.
Contm uma breve explicao sobre as funes custo, receita e lucro, juntamente a exemplos
JUiFRV
/LQN<KWWSZZZPXQGRHGXFDFDRFRPPDWHPDWLFDIXQFRHVFXVWRUHFHLWDOXFURKWP>$FHVVRHPPDL
$VVLVWDDRYtGHRFuno Lucro.
Este vdeo mostra a resoluo de um exerccio que envolve a aplicao de funes quadrticas
na formulao da receita, custo e lucro.
/LQN<KWWSZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y \2VG&68=N>$FHVVRHPPDL
7HPSR
AGORAASUAVEZ
,QVWUXo}HV
$JRUDFKHJRXDVXDYH]GHH[HUFLWDUVHXDSUHQGL]DGR$VHJXLUYRFrHQFRQWUDUiDOJXPDVTXHVW}HVGHP~OWLSOD
HVFROKDHGLVVHUWDWLYDV/HLDFXLGDGRVDPHQWHRVHQXQFLDGRVHDWHQWHVHSDUDRTXHHVWiVHQGRSHGLGR
Questo 1
6LJDRVSDVVRVDVHJXLUSDUDGHGX]LUXPDLPSRUWDQWHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVREUHDVSDUiERODV
(QFRQWUHRVLQWHUFHSWRVGDIXQomRI[ [[FRPRHL[R[RXVHMDUHVROYDDHTXDomR[[
Determine a mdia aritmtica das duas solues encontradas, ou seja, x
Determine a coordenada xv da parbola, ou seja, resolva: x v
mo ou mnimo da parbola.
x1 x 2
.
2
b
. Lembre-se de que xvIRUQHFHDORFDOL]DomRGRSRQWRGHPi[La
Compare o resultado encontrado pela mdia aritmtica e o vrtice da parbola. O que se pode concluir?
$WHQomR$VTXHVW}HVGHDGHYHPVHUUHVSRQGLGDVFRPEDVHQRHQXQFLDGRDVHJXLU
&HUWRSURGXWRpIDEULFDGRFRPFXVWRHUHFHLWDVHJXQGRDVIXQo}HV& [H5 [[UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH&RQVLGHUH
TXHSDUDHVWHSURGXWRDTXDQWLGDGHFRPHUFLDOL]DGDpLJXDOjTXDQWLGDGHIDEULFDGD2JUiFRDVHJXLUPRVWUDRFRPSRUWDPHQWR
da funo receita e da funo custo.
AGORAASUAVEZ
Questo 2
$SDUWLUGRJUiFRDUHFHLWDPi[LPDREWLGDQDFRPHUFLDL]DomRGHVWHSURGXWRp
a)5
b)5
c)5
d)5
e)5
AGORAASUAVEZ
Questo 3
$TXDQWLGDGHFRPHUFLDL]DGDTXHIRUQHFHDUHFHLWDPi[LPDp
a)
b)
c)
d) 300.
e)
Questo 4
$VTXDQWLGDGHVFRPHUFLDOL]DGDVTXHUHSUHVHQWDPRbreak-even point so:
a)H
b)H
c)H
d)H
e)H
AGORAASUAVEZ
4XHVWmR
Os valores de receita que representam os dois pontos break-even point so:
a)5H5
b)5H5
c)5H5
d)5H5
e)5H5
2EVHUYDomRQHVWHFDVRRVGRLVYDORUHVGHUHFHLWDVmRLJXDLVDRVGRLVYDORUHVGHFXVWRSRLVVHWUDWDGRbreak-even point.
Questo 6
(QFRQWUHDIXQomROXFURGHXPSURGXWRTXHpFRPHUFLDOL]DGRVHJXQGRDIXQomRUHFHLWD5 [[HIDEULFDGRVHJXQGRDIXQomRFXVWR& [
$WHQomR$VTXHVW}HVGHDGHYHPVHUUHVSRQGLGDVFRPEDVHQRHQXQFLDGRDVHJXLU
8PIHLUDQWHQRWDTXHRSUHoRGRTXLORGRWRPDWHYDULDGHDFRUGRFRPDUHODomRS [2JDVWRWRWDOGRIHLUDQWHFRPRVWRPDWHVJDVWRGDFRPSUDGRWRPDWHFRPRSURGXWRUHRWUDQVSRUWHpGDGRSHODUHODomR& [1RVGRLVFDVRV[UHSUHVHQWD
DTXDQWLGDGHHPTXLORJUDPDVGHWRPDWHV
4XHVWmR
6DEHQGRTXHDIXQomRUHFHLWD5pGDGDSHODUHODomR5 S[SUHoRYH]HVDTXDQWLGDGHGHWRPDWHFRPHUFLDOL]DGDREWHQKDD
IXQomRUHFHLWDHHVERFHRJUiFRGHVVDIXQomRFRPRJUiFRGDIXQomRFXVWR,QGLTXHRbreak-even point.
AGORAASUAVEZ
Questo 8
$SDUWLUGDIXQomRUHFHLWDHGRJUiFRREWLGRQDTXHVWmRDQWHULRUUHVSRQGD
D4XDODTXDQWLGDGHHPTXLORJUDPDVGHWRPDWHDVHUFRPHUFLDOL]DGDSDUDTXHDUHFHLWDVHMDPi[LPD"
E4XDODUHFHLWDPi[LPD"
Questo 9
2EWHQKDDIXQomROXFURHGHWHUPLQH
D4XDODTXDQWLGDGHHPTXLORJUDPDVGHWRPDWHDVHUFRPHUFLDOL]DGDSDUDTXHROXFURVHMDPi[LPR"
E4XDOROXFURPi[LPR"
4XHVWmR
(VERFHRJUiFRGDIXQomROXFURLQGLFDQGRRVSULQFLSDLVSRQWRVLQFOXVLYHRbreak-even
(VERFH
R JUiFR GD IXQomR OXFUR LQGLFDQGR RV SULQFLSDLV SRQWRV LQFOXVLYH R break even point.
point
FINALIZANDO
Neste tema, voc
N
aprendeu
d
sobre
b as aplicaes
li
das
d funes
f
quadrticas
di
em modelos
d l que envolvem
l
receita
i e
OXFUR$OpPLVVRYRFrDSUHQGHXDPRQWDURJUiFRGHVVDVIXQo}HVSRVVLELOLWDQGRDORFDOL]DomRGRVSRQWRVGHPi[LPR
GDUHFHLWDHGROXFURYHULFDQGRDVGLIHUHQoDVWHyULFDVHQWUHDPERV9RFrWDPEpPDSUHQGHXDHQFRQWUDURSRQWRGH
equilbrio entre as funes custo e receita, o break-even pointSHUPLWLQGRDORFDOL]DomRGRLQWHUYDORGHOXFUR
REFERNCIAS
0852/2$IUkQLR&DUORV%21(772*LiFRPRMatemtica Aplicada a Administrao, Economia e ContabilidadeHG6mR3DXOR
&HQJDJH/HDUQLQJ
7$16RR7DQJMatemtica
EconomiaHG6mR3DXOR3LRQHLUD
7$1 6RR 7DQJ Matemtica Aplicada Administrao e Economia
HG 6mR 3DXOR 3LRQHLUD
GLOSSRIO
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$E
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p
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O
W
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&RQFDYLGDGHQDSDUiERODDFRQFDYLGDGHpRODGRHPTXHKiFDYLGDGHGHSUHVVmRRXYDOH
Break-Even PointH[SUHVVmRLQJOHVDTXHVLJQLFDSRQWRGHHTXLOtEULR
'HPDQGDpDTXDQWLGDGHGHXPEHPRXVHUYLoRTXHRVFRQVXPLGRUHVGHVHMDPDGTXLULUSRUXPSUHoRGHQLGRHPGDGR
mercado, durante uma unidade de tempo.
2UGHQDGDV no sistema cartesiano, o eixo das ordenadas o eixo y, aquele comumente representado na vertical.
GABARITO
Questo 1
5HVSRVWD A soluo da equao x[ p[ RX[ $PpGLDGHVVHVSRQWRVp x
O ponto que representa Xv
(12)
22
0
.
6.
Portanto, a coordenada do vrtice da parbola pode ser calculada por meio da mdia aritmtica dos interceptos da
IXQomRFRPRHL[R[2EVHUYHRJUiFR
Questo 2
5HVSRVWDAlternativa D.
2EVHUYHRJUiFR
GABARITO
Questo 3
5HVSRVWDAlternativa C.
2EVHUYHRJUiFR
Questo 4
5HVSRVWD Alternativa C.
2EVHUYHRJUiFR
4XHVWmR
5HVSRVWD Alternativa D.
GABARITO
2EVHUYHRJUiFR
Questo 6
5HVSRVWD/ 5& [[[ / [[[
/ [[
4XHVWmR
5HVSRVWDD5 [[ 5 [[
E$SDUWLUGRVSRQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGDSDUiERODRJUiFRFDUi
GABARITO
Questo 8
5HVSRVWDD1RJUiFRGD4XHVWmRDFRRUGHQDGDGRYpUWLFHp3RUWDQWRDTXDQWLGDGHHPTXLORJUDPDVGH
WRPDWHDVHUFRPHUFLDOL]DGDSDUDTXHDUHFHLWDVHMDPi[LPDp[v NJ
E$UHFHLWDPi[LPDTXHpGDGDHPUHDLVp\v 5
2EVHUYHRJUiFR
Questo 9
5HVSRVWD/ 5& [[[ / [[
D$TXDQWLGDGHTXHIRUQHFHOXFURPi[LPRpGDGDSHOR x v
xv
xv
xv
b
(QWmRD E HF
a
$VVLPDFRPHUFLDOL]DomRGHNJIRUQHFHROXFURPi[LPR
E2OXFURPi[LPRSRGHVHUHQFRQWUDGRWRPDQGR[
/ / / 5
GABARITO
4XHVWmR
5HVSRVWD$SDUWLUGRVSRQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGDSDUiERODSDUDDIXQomR/ [[RJUiFRFDUi