Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
997718081088133
anurio brasileiro DO
2013
TECNOLOGIA
DOW AGROSCIENCES PARA ARROZ
Robispierre Giuliani
Robispierre Giuliani
A636
Anurio brasileiro do arroz 2013 / Cleiton
Evandro dos Santos ... [et al.]. Santa Cruz do Sul:
Editora Gazeta Santa Cruz, 2013.
136 p. : il.
ISSN 1808-1088
CDD : 633.180981
CDU : 633.18(81)
Catalogao: Edi Focking CRB-10/1197
Informaes:
agricultura.gov.br
Robispierre Giuliani
06 Introduction
PRODUO
12 Production
MERCADO
24 Market
PERFIL
44 Profile
PESQUISA
68 Research
TECNOLOGIA
86 Technology
INDSTRIA
108 Industry
FEIJo
114 Beans
PAINEL
124 Panel
EVENTOS
126 Events
Robispierre Giuliani
Irrigando
a economia
Uma das mais tradicionais
Robispierre Giuliani
Irrigating
the economy
Todos
olham
para c
Brasil torna-se referncia em
produo e comercializao
de arroz fora da sia, graas
tecnologia aplicada e aos ajustes
setoriais realizados
12
Robispierre Giuliani
o Brasil se consolidou como referncia em produo e comercializao de arroz fora da sia, continente que consome e produz mais
de 90% de todo o cereal do mundo. Com suas dimenses igualmente continentais, o Brasil acertou a mo nas tecnologias para assegurar maior produtividade e maior qualidade de gros, principalmente
nas regies de cultivo irrigado de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do
Sul, onde o rendimento mdio supera a 7 mil quilos por hectare. O
Centro-Oeste deu salto significativo ao passar do cultivo de arroz
longo para o longo fino de terras altas, com aparncia similar ao
irrigado (agulhinha). Essa regio j colhe acima de 5 mil quilos por
hectare e com ndice superior a 55% de gros inteiros.
Quando o clima no adverso, os brasileiros conseguem atingir o
patamar de autossuficincia, superando o consumo mdio de 12,1 milho de toneladas dos ltimos anos. No o caso na temporada 2012/13,
mas, para isso, o Pas tem seus estoques reguladores, formados pelos
excedentes de safras anteriores e pelo saldo das importaes.
Na rea comercial, o orizicultor brasileiro engrena o segundo ano
consecutivo com expectativa de preos bem acima do custo de produo (em torno de R$ 30,00 por saco, no Sul), o que deve assegurar boa
renda s propriedades. Um quadro de consumo e produo estveis, e
de exportaes compensando os excedentes importados, leva a estoque
ajustado s necessidades nacionais (suficientes para 40 dias de abaste-
13
All eyes
on Brazil
Slvio vila
14
Brazil consolidated its status as reference in rice production and trade outside Asia, a continent that produces and
consumes over 90% of the cereal in the world. With equally
continental dimensions, Brazil has got on the right track in
terms of technology focused on higher productivity rates
and kernels of better quality, particularly in the irrigated
rice farming regions in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, where average yields are in excess of 7 thousand kilos
per hectare. The Center-West made great strides by shifting
from long grain to long and thin grain rice in the highlands,
very similar to irrigated rice (known as agulinha). This
region is now harvesting upwards of 5 thousand kilos per
hectare and with over 55% of unbroken kernels.
When weather conditions are favorable, Brazil manages to attain self-sufficiency, outstripping average consumption of 12.1 million tons of the past years. This is
not the case of the 2012/13 cycle, however, to this end, the
Country has its carryover stocks, made up of surpluses
from previous crops and from imports.
In commercial terms, the Brazilian rice growers are now
in their second consecutive year of price expectations above
production costs (about R$ 30.00 a sack, in the South), brining
in good profits for the farmers. With a stable picture of consumption and production, and exports making up for import
surpluses, the result is a carryover stock adjusted to the national needs (enough for meeting the needs of the country for
about 40 days) while prices are likely to remain remunerating.
It makes very little difference for the consumers, since prices
should remain at levels very close to the average of the past years,
when retail prices receded a little, by virtue of the serious sales crisis in the 2010/11 cycle. In March 2013, values for both producers
and consumers had returned to the normal levels of 2010.
At the moment, the huge challenges of the sector are structural measures, like the adjustment of the Mercosur asymmetries, whereby rice produced in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay reaches the domestic market at very low prices, mainly
because of different tax burdens. A reduction of taxes levied on
production and commercialization will not only benefit the
sector in terms of lower costs, but will equally turn the country
more competitive in sales abroad, confirming its position as
one of the seven major players in the sales of this segment.
Brazilian rice is now on the right track, a result of hard
work and endeavor by the supply chain. Nonetheless, the
necessary adjustments for the crop to speed up its growth in
production seem to depend on the sector itself and on negotiations with the federal government. This will make it possible for the activity to make up for lost time, whilst creating a
stable domestic market, a situation that would also ensure a
better situation in the international market. n
Robispierre Giuliani
Tudo nos
conformes
Safra brasileira tem pequeno
crescimento e produo considerada
adequada para manter o equilbrio do
abastecimento e do mercado nacional
A colheita brasileira
Robispierre Giuliani
OS MAIORAIS
O Rio Grande do Sul segue como o maior produtor nacional
de arroz. A previso de que, no ciclo 2012/13, colha 8,026
milhes de toneladas em 1,066 milho de hectares, com rendimento mdio de 7.525 quilos por hectare. Santa Catarina,
apesar de recuo produtivo de 1,5%, provocado por intempries climticas, dever produzir 1,061 milho de toneladas,
mantendo-se como o segundo nessa atividade.
O Maranho finalmente assumir o posto de terceiro maior
produtor nacional. A Conab estima colheita de 661,8 mil toneladas, 41,5% acima das 467,7 mil toneladas verificadas na
temporada anterior, quando o clima provocou grande quebra.
O Mato Grosso, mesmo com incremento de rea e de produtividade, passar a ser o quarto do ranking, com 532,2 mil toneladas em 166 mil hectares. Tocantins o quinto Estado em
expresso produtiva de arroz, com 485,5 mil toneladas em
117 mil hectares. Piau e Mato Grosso agregaram novas reas
de cerrado, visando futuro aproveitamento em pastagens.
17
Everything in
its right place
Brazilian crop soars slightly and production volume is viewed as
appropriate for a balanced supply and global market
in the 2012/13 crop year tends to soar 3.9% compared to the previous
year, with estimates pointing to 12.05 million tons of rough rice. In
the 2011/12 cycle, the total volume produced in Brazil remained at
11.59 million tons. The better performance stems from three major
factors: the good farm gate prices paid for the cereal as of July 2012,
the bigger planted area in the states of Mato Grosso and Rio Grande
do Sul (also due to better prices) and the climate conditions that
have favored the development of the crop in Rio Grande do Sul and
Maranho, a State that emerged from a frustrated crop last year.
The above figures are from a survey of the Brazilian 2012/13
grain crop conducted by the National Supply Company (Conab),
published in early March. The area seeded with rice in the
2012/13 season has remained stable, with a slight reduction of
0.3%. It is officially estimated at 2.419 million hectares, compared to 2.427 million seeded in the 2011/12 period. In spite of
the increases in Rio Grande do Sul and in Mato Grosso, the following states reduced their areas devoted to rice: Maranho, Tocantins, Rondnia, Paran, Gois, Minas Gerais and So Paulo.
Under favorable climate conditions and the use of varieties
of a greater potential in the highlands (North, Northeast and
Center-West), in addition to management improvements, in the
2012/13 crop year yields in Brazil are expected to amount to
4.982 thousand kilos per hectare, up 4.2% from the 4.780 thou-
sand kilos per hectare in the previous year. The states that produce irrigated rice (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) will
account for 75.4% of the entire volume harvested in the Country,
that is to say, 9.087 million tons. n
THE BIGGEST
Rio Grande do Sul is the leading national rice producer. The
forecast for 2012/13 is for the State to harvest 8.026 million
tons in 1.066 million hectares, with average yields of 7,525 kilos
per hectare. Santa Catarina, despite a 1.5-percent reduction in
productivity caused by adverse weather conditions, should harvest 1.061 million tons, ranking as second in the activity.
Maranho will finally climb to the position as third biggest
national rice producer. Conab sources refer to a harvest of
661.8 thousand tons in that state, up 41.5% from the 467.7
thousand tons in the previous year, when adverse climate
conditions took a heavy toll on the crop. The State of Mato
Grosso, in spite of the bigger planted area and higher productivity rates, will rank as fourth biggest national producer, with
532.2 thousand tons in 166 thousand hectares. Tocantins is
the fifth State in productive expression, with 485.5 thousand
tons in 117 thousand hectares. Piau and Mato Grosso have
devoted new cerrado areas to rice, with an eye towards turning these areas into pasture lands in the future.
18
A EVOLUO DA LAVOURA
YaraVita
Zintrac
TM
www.yarabrasil.com.br
Robispierre Giuliani
No te
perigo
Robispierre Giuliani
There is no danger
Global rice
production increased by 0.9% in 2012, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The
crop reached 730.2 million tons of rough
rice, 487 million tons of white rice. The
same organization refers to a crop of 723.7
million tons of rough rice the previous year.
This scenario of productive stability is
associated with the balance of the harvests
in Asia, says Patrcio Mndez del Villar,
economist at the French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (Cirad). The good results obtained
by China (+1.6%) have made up for the
smaller crop in India (-4%).
In Africa, the crop is on the rise, especially in Egypt, traditional producer, now
announcing its return to the international
market in 2013. In Sub-Saharan Africa,
major buyer of Brazilian rice, production
soared, particularly in the western regions.
In South America, and particularly in
Mercosur, the crop is likely to decrease by
10% because of reductions in planted areas, Villar comments.
In 2012, rice transactions between countries reached a record of 37.8 million tons
22
Sob
controle
A comercializao da safra
Slvio vila
quando se fala em um ano de oferta ajustada demanda do cereal no Brasil, est sendo considerada a exportao de volume
superior a um milho de toneladas. Deste modo, a valorizao
nominal das cotaes, motivada pela retrao da oferta, inviabi-
MERCOSUL
O analista Eduardo Aquiles Souza, da Safras & Mercado, considera que o aumento de produo do Mercosul na safra
2012/13 no ser suficiente para um choque de oferta no Brasil, que deve manter valores similares aos do ano anterior.
O que pode ocorrer uma reduo nas exportaes por causa do cmbio, com o real mais valorizado, e das dificuldades
de logstica, diante da grande safra de soja, que concorre por espao no porto, afirma.
Na avaliao de Eduardo Aquiles Souza, uma alta mais significativa dos preos do arroz ser freada pela oferta de estoques do governo federal e, at, por um aumento das compras da indstria e do varejo nacional junto aos pases do Mercosul,
se for o caso. Isso cria uma condio de similaridade no comportamento do mercado com o ano anterior, ratifica.
25
Under control
Commercialization will follow on
the heels of the 2012/13 commercial
year and tends to bring in revenue
to rice growers, particularly in the
second half of the year
The commercialization
of the 2012/13 crop will follow on the heels of the previous commercial year, with good remuneration for the farmers, according to an
evaluation by analyst Tiago Sarmento Barata, of Agrotendncias
Consultoria em Agronegcios. With the very low public and private
carryover stocks, in light of a crop on a par with the previous one,
and taking into consideration the improved negotiating capacity of
the farmers, the expectation is for less volatile prices, somewhere close
to the average values obtained last year, he comments.
Barata understands that, with a bigger capacity of supply retraction,
it is quite natural for the farmers to resort to the power on their own
behalf, resulting into higher nominal values for the cereal. Nonetheless,
it is necessary for the farmers to make a fine adjustment to their capacity in preventing the market from running out of stock, he warns. Tiago
Sarmento Barata maintains that, if the market is in short supply, other
alternatives will be required, like imports and public stock offers, for example, weakening the price standards in the future.
Soaring demand in the domestic market and, particularly, bigger
exports, will depend on more competitive prices. The recent devaluation of the dollar against the real is exerting even more pressure on the
exporters and turns Brazil into an attractive market for the rice from Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, explains the Agrotendncias analyst.
According to Barata, within this context, it is important to warn
that in a year of rice supply adjusted to demand in Brazil, what is being considered is the shipment abroad of upwards of one million tons
abroad. Under such circumstances, the nominal value of the quotes,
triggered by supply retractions, makes the export target unattainable,
loosening the supply-demand relation, he argues. Therefore, the
economic sustainability of the supply chain in Brazil also depends
on stable supplies of the raw material. n
MERCOSUR
Analyst Eduardo Aquiles Souza, of Safras & Mercado,
has it that the bigger crop in 2012/13 harvested in Mercosur
will not be enough for a supply shock in Brazil, once similar
values to last year are to be maintained. What could occur
is a reduction in exports because of the exchange rate, with
the Brazilian currency highly valued against the dollar, along
with logistic hurdles, in light of the bumper soybean crop,
which also competes for space at the ports, he says.
Souza understands that any attempts to increase the
price of rice significantly will be curbed by offers from the
federal stocks and also by bigger purchases from Mercosur
countries by the industry and by the retail sector, should this
happen. This creates a situation of similarity with the previous year, as far as the market is concerned, he ratifies.
26
Slvio vila
Melhor do que
o esperado
Preos obtidos com a comercializao do arroz ao longo do ano comercial
2012/13 ficARAM acima da expectativa dos produtores nacionais
O ano comercial
de maro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013 apresentou-se mais remunerador ao produtor de arroz do Sul do Brasil, quando comparado com os resultados obtidos na venda das trs safras anteriores.
A regio concentra mais de 75% da safra nacional e influencia o
comportamento dos preos no Pas e no Mercado Comum do
Sul (Mercosul) Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai. Nominalmente,
tivemos o preo mdio de R$ 32,68 por saco de 50 quilos, em
casca, o que constitui recuperao de 42% em relao mdia
registrada na safra anterior, diz Tiago Sarmento Barata, analista
da Agrotendncias Consultoria em Agronegcios.
Mas nem todos os produtores puderam gozar deste momento positivo. Barata destaca que 53% da safra foi comercializada a preo infe28
Exceeding
expectations
Prices fetched
by rice over the
2012/13 commercial
year exceeded the
expectations of the
national growers
The commercial
Exportao Importao
Volume (t)
% Volume (t)
%
278,7
0,0%
317.350,2 29,5%
175,0 0,0%
0,0%
131.432,4
8,9%
3.319,6
0,3%
47.658,2
3,2%
46.897,2
4,4%
68,8
0,0%
2.949,4
0,3%
495.540,4
33,7%
1.638,0
0,2%
21,6%
24.615,8
2,3%
29.090,7
2,0%
33.065,8
3,1%
446.409,4 30,4%
11.352,4
1,1%
1.469.940,1 100,0% 1.077.000,6 100,0%
Fonte: Secex/Mdic
Elaborao: Agrotendncias Consultoria em Agronegcios, maro de 2013.
Slvio vila
Muita calma
nessa hora
Brasil estuda estabelecimento de cotas para o arroz importado do
Mercosul, mas a ao exige cuidados com efeitos colaterais do mercado
O RISCO DA CONCENTRAO
Na avaliao do analista Tiago Sarmento Barata, da Agrotendncias Consultoria em
Agronegcios, o estabelecimento de cotas do Mercosul uma medida favorvel ao mercado
quanto necessidade de regulamentar a entrada de produto ao longo do ano, impedindo a
concentrao da oferta em determinado momento, mas ntida a carncia de uma avaliao
tcnica mais minuciosa. A limitao em 800 mil toneladas do volume importado com a suspenso do ingresso nos quatro primeiros meses do ano comercial (entre maro e junho), ao
contrrio do que se utiliza como argumento em defesa da proposta, causar concentrao
das importaes, ampliando os efeitos negativos no mercado domstico, analisa.
Barata lembra que, nos ltimos quatro anos, o Brasil importou a mdia de 954 mil toneladas (base casca) por ano, estabelecendo a mdia mensal de 79,5 mil toneladas. A importao de 800 mil toneladas em oito meses significa a importao de 100 mil toneladas
por ms, revela. Segundo ele, as indstrias gachas de beneficiamento, at ento desconsideradas nesta demanda, devem ser chamadas para discutir a limitao das importaes.
Visto que 64% do arroz importado beneficiado e que 55% entra por outras unidades da
Federao, o apoio do setor industrial seria importante na construo da proposta. O pr-conceito enfraquece o pleito, afirma.
Entende que, enquanto a proposta est em anlise, fundamental que o assunto seja tratado com a mxima discrio. A importao de 125 mil toneladas em maio de 2012, quando
se pleiteava a cobrana do tributo referente ao Programa de Integrao Social e Contribuio
para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social (PIS/Cofins), que somavam 9,25% nas importaes de arroz, deveria ter servido de lio, alerta Tiago Sarmento Barata. Em 2012, o Congresso Nacional aprovou emenda a uma Medida Provisria que estabelecia a cobrana de
PIS/Cofins do arroz importado atualmente isento, juntamente com o arroz nacional , mas
o artigo foi vetado pela presidente Dilma Rousseff.
Slvio vila
There is no
need to rush
ingls
32
that may affect the Brazilian market over the 2013/14 cycle, should it
be introduced, is the quota system for imports of rice from Argentina,
Paraguay and Uruguay, countries of the South American Trade Bloc
(Mercosur), along with Brazil. The productive sectors of Rio Grande
do Sul and Santa Catarina have for years been calling on the federal
government to introduce this measure, ever since the import surpluses began to affect negatively the prices in the domestic market.
And the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA)
considered this measure for the first time in 2013.The theme is still on
the agenda, although there has been a change in the ministry, where
Antnio Andrade has replaced Mendes Ribeiro Filho as minister.
With a lower production cost, the milled rice from the neighboring countries enters some regions of Brazil for up to US$ 100.00
less per ton, compared to the national cereal. Nowadays, it is
upwards of one million tons of rice from Mercosur countries, annually, that supply the Brazilian market. It is an excessively big
amount, and it would certainly cause much more damage to the
domestic market if Brazil had not managed to export part of the
national crop, says Renato Rocha, president of the Rio Grande do
Sul State Federation of Rice Growers Associations (Federarroz),
who advocated the immediate adoption of a quota system.
The government is more interested in just negotiating an agreement
with the neighboring countries, intended to avoid imports during har-
harm the domestic market and the national supply chain, says the
state governor. Nonetheless, the industries do not agree with this position. They argue that the quota system will all but generate more costs
and will push Brazil into a difficult situation in the international scenario, since the Country is against any trade barriers. n
CONCENTRATION RISK
Tiago Sarmento Barata, analyst with Agrotendncias Consultoria em Agronegcios, understands that the introduction of a
Mercosur quota system favors the market in that there is a need to control the entrance of the cereal over the year, preventing
supply concentrations during certain periods, but there is also real need for a more accurate technical evaluation. A limit
of 800 thousand tons a year of rice imports, along with a prohibition of any rice purchases from abroad during the first four
months of the commercial year (March through June), contrary to the argument that defends the proposal, will result into
import concentrations, broadening the negative effects upon the domestic market.
Barata recalls that over the past years, Brazil imported an average of 954 thousand tons of rough rice a year, with a monthly average of 79.5 thousand tons. If 800 thousand tons are imported over an eight month period, it will translate into 100
thousand tons a month, he reveals. According to him, the milling industries in Rio Grande do Sul, up to that time disregarded
in this demand, should be summoned to debate the question of import limitations. Once 64% of all rice imports are milled
kernels, while 55% of the rice enters the Country through other states, the support from the industrial segment would play
an important role in the construction of a proposal. Prejudice is what is harming the entire question, he says.
He has it that, while the proposal is under analysis, it is of fundamental importance to treat the subject with discretion. The
purchase of 125 thousand tons in May 2012, when there was a debate on whether or not to levy the 9.25% tax regarding the Social
Contribution Tax and Contribution for the Financing of Social Security (PIS/Cofins), on rice imports, should have served as a lesson,
warns Tiago Sarmento Barata. In 2012, National Congress passed an amendment to the Stopgap Measure that made the PIS/
Cofins mandatory on rice imports now exempt, along with national rice but the article was vetoed by President Dilma Rousseff.
Selecionando
no Brasil e
no mundo.
com
Cmera CCD
Selecionadoras eletrnicas
de gros
arroz branco arroz parboilizado semente de arroz
feijo preto feijo carioca feijo vermelho
feijo branco quinoa caf outros gros
SELETRON
TECHNOLOGY
SEL 192
192 canais
SEL 256
256 canais
SEL 320
320 canais
SEL 448
448 canais
Robispierre Giuliani
Aldeia
global
O escoamento de parcela
entre 10% e 15% da safra para o mercado externo foi a soluo encontrada pela cadeia produtiva de arroz do Brasil a fim de manter o equilbrio entre a oferta e a demanda nacional e os preos remuneradores
ao orizicultor. Essa estratgia fez do Pas (que passou a exportar h 10
anos) um protagonista no comrcio internacional. No ano comercial
de 1 de maro de 2012 a 28 de fevereiro de 2013, o setor remeteu
1,47 milho de toneladas de arroz, base casca, para 56 naes. E a
balana comercial teve supervit de 393 mil toneladas do cereal.
Apesar do volume 29,7% menor do que o verificado no ciclo
2011/12, quando embarcou 2,09 milhes de toneladas, este foi
um timo desempenho, considerando-se a menor competitividade do cereal brasileiro em mbito internacional, imposta pela
recuperao das cotaes domsticas. No cenrio que se apresentava, o Brasil se saiu bem. inegvel que no segundo semestre
o ritmo dos embarques reduziu, com a maior participao dos
negcios envolvendo arroz quebrado, menciona o analista Tiago
Sarmento Barata, da Agrotendncias Consultoria em Agronegcios, de So Gabriel (RS).
Global village
The shipment of
10% to 15% of the crop to foreign countries was the solution that
the rice supply chain came up with to keep the balance between
supply and demand in the domestic market, whilst sustaining
farm gate prices remunerating. This strategy turned the Country
(which started exporting rice 10 years ago) into a protagonist in
the international marketplace. In the 1st March 2012 to 28th February 2013 commercial year, the sector shipped 1.4 million tons of
rice (in the husk) to 56 nations. And the surplus of the balance of
trade reached 393 thousand tons of the cereal.
Despite the 29.7% smaller volume shipped abroad in the
2011/12 crop year, when exports totaled 2.09 million tons, it was
an excellent performance, considering the weaker competitiveness
of the Brazilian cereal in the global scenario, derived from the recovery of the domestic prices. In such a scenario, Brazil did well.
It is undeniable that shipments abroad receded in the second half
of the year, when the share of broken rice soared considerably,
says market analyst Tiago Sarmento Barata, of Agrotendncias
Consultoria em Agronegcios, based in So Gabriel (RS).
36
According to data released by the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC), only 32% of the total negotiated
with foreign countries was shipped in the last six months of the
commercial year (September through February), when broken rice
represented 42% of all shipments. Its share had been 24% in the
previous six months.
Barata has it that the in the 2013/14 commercial year the great
challenge will consist in not losing the newly conquered markets. Besides the expectation for sustained prices for the raw material and
for an exchange rate slightly below R$ 2.00 to the dollar, there is need
to adjust to the logistic limitations that will surface on account of the
huge cereal crop and the fight with soybean for spaces at the ports, he
says. The moment requires an eye towards the quality of the rice and
the efficiency of relations with the countries that purchase our cereal.
The National Supply Company (Conab) estimates Brazils rice shipment abroad at 1.1 million tons, in the husk, down almost 300 thousand tons, because of the much expected prospective higher domestic
prices. In the meantime, imports are reckoned to remain at 900 thousand tons, with a balance of trade surplus of 200 thousand tons. n
Slvio vila
Bem
justinho
Os estoques brasileiros devem se
manter ajustados no ano comercial
2013/14, garantindo o suprimento do
mercado e bons preos ao produtor
O quadro de oferta
CONFIANTE
Na avaliao do presidente da Federao das Associaes de Arrozeiros do Rio Grande do Sul (Federarroz), Renato Rocha,
este quadro de oferta e de demanda poder ser alterado para melhor. Julga que as exportaes brasileiras podem ser maiores,
principalmente em virtude do fato de as compras chinesas estarem em alta, o que valoriza o arroz no mercado internacional.
Acredita ainda que o consumo nacional poder ser ampliado. Se cada brasileiro comer por dia uma colher a mais de arroz,
elimina o problema de excedentes, ilustra. Rocha igualmente defende uma reviso na contagem dos estoques privados.
38
Slvio vila
Tight
stocks
to make exports viable. The soaring prices in the domestic market, foreseen for the second half of the year could therefore make
the most important foreign sales unviable, which would certainly
reflect on the domestic prices and final stock.
The second hurdle is the Exchange rate, with the dollar losing
value against the real, compared to last year, which affects negatively the competitiveness of the Brazilian cereal in the international marketplace. Finally, there is the so-called logistics blackout: Brazil is celebrating a record cereal harvest but the ports,
especially in Rio Grande do Sul, have problems accommodating
the rice outside the structures of the State Warehousing and Silos
Company (CESA), specifically reserved for rice exports. n
CONFIDENT
The president of the Rio Grande do Sul State Federation
of Rice Growers Associations (Federarroz), Renato Rocha,
understands that this supply and demand picture could be
improved. He believes that Brazil could export more rice, especially because shipments to China are now soaring, a fact
that adds value to the crop in the international scenario. He
also believes that domestic consumption could up further. If
every Brazilian citizen consumes one more spoonful of rice a
day the problem of surpluses will no longer exist, he illustrates. Rocha equally advocates a revision of the private stocks.
39
Slvio vila
Pontos a
melhorar
Reduo da carga tributria, cotas de
importao para o Mercosul, iseno de
impostos nas exportaes e aumento do
consumo so metas setoriais
O orizicultor brasileiro
um dos mais eficientes do mundo, usa alta tecnologia e alcana grandes nveis de produtividade e de qualidade de gros.
Mas perde em competitividade nos mercados interno e externo
por aspectos que lhe fogem ao controle, atinentes macroeconomia ou poltica governamental. Essa conjuntura poder ser
alterada em 2013 por conta de uma agenda estratgica estabelecida entre os produtores e o Ministrio da Agricultura, Pecuria
e Abastecimento (Mapa).
De imediato, em 2013 o governo brasileiro garantiu R$ 1 bilho
para mecanismos de custeio da comercializao, o que dar sustentao de preos. O mercado opera acima destes patamares e,
pela conjuntura, ter preos similares a 2012. Os recursos servem
como lastro, entende o presidente da Federao das Associaes
de Arrozeiros do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Renato Rocha. Um avano
a repactuao de dvidas arrozeiras, estimadas em R$ 3,1 bilhes,
autorizadas para pagamento em 10 anos, que ser ajustada a fim de
chegar aos bancos privados, cooperativos e estaduais.
Vencidas estas etapas, o setor acredita que, gradualmente,
o governo atender s quatro principais demandas: reduo da
carga tributria ao longo da cadeia produtiva; estabelecimento de
cotas de importao do Mercosul; iseno de taxas e tributos para
incentivar as exportaes e uma campanha nacional pelo aumento do consumo do arroz e do feijo. Tais medidas traro maior
estabilidade aos preos para o produtor, sem penalizar o consu40
lion tons of the cereal are brought into the country every year, coming
from Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, countries where production
costs are lower, by virtue of a lower tax burden and export subsidies.
Such asymmetric conditions are unfair: foreign rice farmers make
profits, while national growers incur losses, he mentions.
These asymmetries, for example, make it possible for milled rice
from Argentina and Uruguay to reach the Brazilian Northeast at
much lower prices than the cereal shipped from South Brazil to the
same destination, in some periods of the year. The suggestion is for an
import quota of a maximum of 800 thousand tons a year. From that
point on, a tariff should be levied on the rice from abroad, so as to
push its price to Brazils domestic levels. n
42
Slvio vila
are among the most efficient in the world. They use high technology
and achieve good productivity rates and quality kernels, but are deficient in competitiveness at home and abroad for reasons that are
beyond their control, pertinent to macro-economy questions or government policies. This scenario is likely to be altered throughout 2013
on account of a strategic agenda agreed between the farmers and the
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA).
To Begin with, in 2013 the Brazilian government provided for an
R$ 1 billion grant for trading mechanisms, which will sustain prices.
The market operates above these standards and, in light of the scenario, is likely to practice prices similar to 2012.The resources serve as
reserve, says the president of the Rio Grande do Sul State Federation
of Rice Growers Associations, Renato Rocha. One of the conquests is
the renegotiation of the rice growers debts, estimated at R$ 3.1 billion,
now scheduled to be settled over a 10-year period, including the debts
with private banks, cooperatives and state banks.
Once these stages have been conquered, the sector believes that,
gradually, the government will see to the four demands: reduction of
the tax burden levied on the supply chain; import quotas for Mercosur
countries; tax exemptions intended to encourage exports and a nationwide campaign focused on higher consumption of rice and beans.
These measures will result into stable farm gate prices, without penalizing the consumers, and will turn Brazilian rice more competitive at
home and abroad, comments Renato Rocha, of Federarroz.
Exemption of federal taxes on the basic food basket entered into
force in March, but the measure only contemplates the consumers. National Congress is now debating a project that establishes a maximum
difference of 4% of State Value-Added Taxes (ICMS) from on state to the
other. Currently, the tariff ranges from 0 to 17%, according to the interests
of every State. The sector is calling on the government for an immediate
enforcement of the rule. There is also need for a reduction in the production costs through the elimination or reduction of taxes levied on inputs,
machinery and equipment for the supply chain, says Rocha.
The president of Federarroz stresses the need for Brazil to set up a
rice import quota system regarding the Mercosur countries. One mil-
da superfcie semeada na safra 2012/13, por conta dos bons preos no segundo semestre de 2012 e da recuperao, ainda que
tardia, dos mananciais para irrigao, o Rio Grande do Sul dever
colher volume de arroz similar ao da temporada anterior. A expectativa do Instituto Rio-Grandense do Arroz (Irga), conforme
o presidente Cludio Brayer Pereira. Ele aponta o clima adverso
como causa da queda produtiva.
O inverno seco no permitiu a recuperao das barragens na
Fronteira Oeste e na Campanha e inibiu o plantio no cedo. As
chuvas vieram em setembro e outubro, poca de semeadura. Atrasaram o plantio, mas recuperaram os mananciais e permitiram
aumentar a rea. No entanto, o atraso gerou outro problema:
Tudo ser
como antes
44
Slvio vila
Slvio vila
No changes
in sight
Although a bigger crop has been forecast, weather conditions
are supposed to keep it at last years volumes and values
Razes para
otimismo
Dimensionada sua estrutura, com
produo, rea e cotaes estveis, a
safra de Santa Catarina ocorre sem
grandes preocupaes setoriais
Os arrozeiros
DIVERSIFICAO
Para melhorar os preos do arroz em Santa Catarina, quebrar o ciclo de doenas, pragas e invasoras, e gerar renda alternativa, alguns produtores comeam a introduzir o cultivo de milho nas reas mais altas das vrzeas no Sul do Estado. H grande
demanda na regio pelas cadeias de frangos e sunos. E os preos mdios de R$ 32,00 por saco de 60 quilos, com produtividade
de 200 sacos por hectare, so positivos, afirma Enori Barbieri, da Faesc. Assim, diminui a oferta de arroz, o que deve melhorar
os preos tambm. A rea diversificada ainda muito pequena, mas deve crescer, conforme Barbieri.
No Vale do Itaja e no Norte Catarinense, a produo estvel, com grandes produtividades e, em parte, h o manejo da
soca para uma nova colheita. uma prtica que permite colher
250 sacos por hectare, nas duas safras, mas s em reas favorveis, e por produtores que conhecem a tecnologia, salienta
Barbieri. E as cooperativas so fortes aliadas.
Na avaliao de Barbieri, preocupante a evoluo das reas
e das safras do Centro-Oeste, do Norte e do Nordeste do Brasil.
Entende que o mercado nacional apresenta um tamanho que, mediante excesso de oferta, pode gerar prejuzos ao agricultor. Se outras regies incrementarem a produo e as importaes seguirem
aumentando, o Sul ter dificuldades no futuro, afirma. n
49
Santa Catarina are very excited about the 2012/13 cycle. Responsible
for the second largest production volume in Brazil, where almost a
hundred percent of all fields are cultivated under the pre-germinated
system, the crop has remained stable at 150 thousand hectares (4.1%
of the southern region). Climate induced damages are likely to reduce the productivity rates of this cycle by 1.5%, compared to the previous crop, from 7,180 kilos per hectare to 7.070 kg/ha. Therefore, production should recede 1.07 million tons, according to the National
Supply Company (Conab), representing 11.5% of the regional harvest.
What encourages the farmers is the expectation for good prices
in the 2013/14 cycle. With the volume of the crop adjusted to the
warehousing capacity, with a lower-than-average production cost,
relying on family labor for the most part, besides the integrated commercialization system and low indebtedness renegotiated with the
banks, the farmers in Santa Catarina bet on productivity.
Enori Barbieri, vice-president of the Santa Catarina State Live-
Cause for
celebration
Dimensioned to its structure, with
stable volume, area and prices, the
rice crop in Santa Catarina is running
smoothly with no sectoral concerns
50
Barbieri expresses concern about the ever-rising areas devoted to the crop in the Center-West, North and Northeast. He
has it that the national market should not be overburdened with
excessive supplies, as this could generate losses at farm level.
Should other regions continue devoting more and more land
to rice, with imports continuing on a rising trend, the South will
have difficulties in the future, he comments. n
DIVERSIFICATION
With an eye towards better prices and extra income in Santa Catarina, whilst breaking the cycle of pests, diseases and
weeds, some farmers are now beginning to grow corn in the highlands and in the meadowlands across the southern portion of the State. There is great demand for corn in the region because of chicken and pig farming operations throughout
the region. And the average prices of R$ 30.00 for a 50-kilo sack, considering productivity rates of 200 sacks per hectare,
are very positive, says Enori Barbieri, of Faesc. This will reduce the rice crop, with positive reflections on prices. Diversification is still at a fledgling stage, but is poised to make strides soon, Barbieri comments.
51
O despertar
de um gigante
52
Um gigante do
agronegcio despertou para sua importncia estratgica na produo de arroz no Brasil. O Maranho est assumindo, na safra
2012/13, a condio de terceiro maior Estado produtor do cereal no Pas, o principal fora da regio Sul, que concentra 77% da
colheita nacional, conforme a Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (Conab). Esta posio s no foi alcanada na temporada
2011/12 por causa da seca, que afetou as lavouras. Na ocasio, o
Mato Grosso manteve-se como terceiro maior produtor.
Mas no ciclo 2012/13 a colheita deve chegar a 661,8 mil toneladas em terras maranhenses, com aumento de 41,5% em relao
s 467,7 mil toneladas do perodo anterior, segundo divulgou a
Conab em maro, apesar do recuo de 2,3% na rea cultivada. Esta
baixou de 426 mil hectares para 416,2 mil hectares. No Nordeste,
o Maranho representa 70,2% da rea e 67,4% da colheita.
O incremento em volume deve-se melhoria da produtividade, em funo do clima; ampliao da rea irrigada
para 15 mil hectares e ao uso de variedades mais produtivas.
A Conab projeta que o Estado colher 44,8% mais gros por
rea, passando de 1.098 kg/ha para 1.590 kg/ha. A mdia reSecretrio da Agricultura
do Maranho, Cludio Azevedo,
de camisa branca
AMPLO POTENCIAL
Apesar de bom, o desempenho da atual safra est abaixo da expectativa da Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuria e Pesca do
Maranho (Sagrima), que previa colheita de aproximadamente um milho de toneladas de arroz. O secretrio da Agricultura,
Cludio Azevedo, lamenta que mais uma vez o clima tenha frustrado os planos. Lembra que foram distribudas 605 toneladas
de sementes de alto poder de germinao a 60,5 mil agricultores familiares, quilombolas, indgenas e assentamentos rurais.
Mas Azevedo considera positivas as perspectivas para a orizicultura maranhense. Parceria com a Companhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do So Francisco e do Parnaba (Codevasf) deve criar grandes projetos de irrigao. J a instalao da
Embrapa Cocais e Plancies, no Maranho, tende a dar o suporte tecnolgico necessrio ao desenvolvimento da orizicultura no
Estado, atualmente concentrada nos municpios de Pinheiro, Itapecuru, Pindar, Graja, So Mateus, Vitria do Mearim e Arari.
53
The rise of
a giant
Maranho confirms its status as rice
grower and, apart from the southern
states, it is the leading producer in
Brazil, with a huge potential
Brazilian agribusiness
a heavy toll on the crop that year. Back then, the State of Mato Grosso
kept its position as third biggest producer.
In the 2012/13 crop year, 661.8 thousand tons are expected to
be harvested in the territory of that state, up 41.5% from the 467.7
thousand tons in the previous period, according to figures released
by Conab in March, in spite of the 2.3-percent reduction in cultivated area, which dropped from 426 thousand hectares to 416.2
VAST POTENTIAL
Although good, the performance of the current crop is lagging behind the expectations of the Maranho State Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Fishery (Sagrima), which had
projected a crop of approximately one million tons of rice. The
Secretary of Agriculture, Cludio Azevedo, regrets that once
again the plan was frustrated by adverse weather conditions.
He recalls that 605 tons of seed of a high germination power
were handed out to 60.5 thousand family farmers, quilombolas, indigenous people and rural settlements.
For the most part, Azevedo spots excellent chances for rice
farming operations in Maranho. A partnership with the So
Francisco and Parnaba Valleys Development Company (Codevasf) is poised to create huge irrigation projects, while the installation of the Embrapa Cocais e Plancies corporation is supposed to
give technological support to rice farming throughout the State,
currently concentrated in the municipalities of Pinheiro, Itapecuru,
Pindar, Graja, So Mateus, Vitria do Mearim and Arari.
55
Estados do Nordeste
e do Centro-Oeste esto voltando suas atenes para a orizicultura como alternativa de desenvolvimento econmico. A iniciativa
conta com a orientao da Embrapa Arroz e Feijo, de Santo Antnio de Gois (GO). As aes desenvolvidas integram o projeto Rede Brasil Arroz Rede de Transferncia de Tecnologia da
Cadeia Produtiva do Arroz no Brasil, que atua em Gois, Mato
Grosso, Alagoas, Tocantins, Maranho, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio
Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina.
Gois est retomando o cultivo, que existiu com relevncia
at o final da dcada de 1980. O Estado era importante produtor,
com grande parque industrial, polo de produo e distribuio
de arroz no mercado brasileiro. Atualmente, conforme o pesquisador Carlos Magri Ferreira, da Embrapa, mantm moderno
parque industrial de beneficiamento e empacotamento, porm
usando cereal do Sul do Pas, de Tocantins e de Mato Grosso.
Em Gois, na safra 2012/13 foram cultivados 72,1 mil hectares
de arroz, com produo de 205,9 mil toneladas. Parte da rea
Novas frentes
Nordeste e Centro-Oeste experimentam o cultivo
do arroz como forma de buscar desenvolvimento
econmico e suprir as necessidades locais
56
TRABALHO CONJUNTO
no Estado de Alagoas, conforme o pesquisador Carlos Magri Ferreira, da Embrapa, que responde por 0,2% da produo nacional de arroz, que o governo e outras instituies locais mais tm apoiado o desenvolvimento da atividade. Isso seria explicado pelo
impacto positivo que ela pode causar na regio. Para envolver e motivar os produtores, o sistema de trabalho do projeto procura
demonstrar os principais pontos fracos e fortes da atividade orizcola, alm das prticas e dos comportamentos que os originam.
A partir da, busca-se estruturar um conjunto de propostas, validar tecnologias para a melhoria da organizao da cadeia
produtiva, promover o intercmbio de conhecimentos entre os atores e agregar vrias instituies em torno de um objetivo
comum: a sustentabilidade e o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva do arroz na regio, relata Magri.
O pesquisador salienta que os mtodos usados no projeto Rede Brasil Arroz no alteram bruscamente os sistemas que
esto sendo utilizados nas principais regies produtoras dos estados de Gois, Mato Grosso e Alagoas. Isto poderia causar
srios problemas, uma vez que envolveria custos cujo retorno no seria imediato, justifica.
Explica que o projeto busca fazer alteraes pontuais nos sistemas de manejo vigentes, aprofundando-os medida em que
os resultados de mercado, de qualidade e de competitividade forem aparecendo. Conforme Magri Ferreira, o Rede Brasil Arroz
atingir o ponto ideal quando equiparar a produo nessas reas, em qualidade e competitividade, do Sul do Pas e do Mercosul.
57
New
fronts
industrial park, however, with rice coming from South Brazil, Tocantins and from Mato Grosso.
In Gois, at the 2012/13 season, the planted area reached 72.1
thousand hectares, totaling a production of 205.9 thousand tons.
Part of the area comprises community farms, under the supervision of a State Program. During the same period, Alagoas cultivated 3.1 thousand hectares and harvested 21.1 thousand tons.
Mato Grosso, in turn, cultivated 205.2 thousand hectares, with a
production volume of 633.9 thousand tons.
The share of the three States accounts for 7% of the entire national
crop. Magri understands that the importance of strengthening rice
farming operations outside the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa
Catarina, responsible for 73% of Brazil entire crop, does not lie in its
impact on national supply, but in the socioeconomic relevance of the
crop in the regions where it is grown, generating income and jobs.
Furthermore, in his view, the distribution of the production
throughout the national territory is a question of food safety. What
also counts is the fact that if the supply of quality rice produced in
Brazil remains stable, there will be more chances for the cereal to
conquer new markets throughout the world, due to the fact that the
government will no longer be challenged for liberating the rice produced in regions where exports are advantageous, he theorizes. n
JOINT WORK
Northeastern and
Center-Western states are now turning to rice farming as an alternative for economic development. The initiative relies on guidelines from Embrapa Rice and Beans, based in Santo Antnio de
Gois (GO). All the developments are part of the Brazil Rice Network project Technology Network Transference of the Brazilian
Rice Supply Chain, which operates in the States of Gois, Mato
Grosso, Alagoas, Tocantins, Maranho, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio
Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
Gois is resuming its rice farming operations, which played a
relevant role in the states economy up until the 1980s. The State
used to be a relevant producer, home to a huge industrial park,
production hub and rice distribution center to the Brazilian market. Nowadays, according to researcher Carlos Magri Ferreira, of
Embrapa, the state runs a modern rice processing and packaging
58
It is in the State of Alagoas, responsible for 0.2% of the national rice crop, according to researcher Carlos Magri Ferreira, of Embrapa, that the government and local organizations
have lent hefty support to the activity. The explanation might
lie in the positive impact the crop has over the region. So
as to get the farmers involved and motivated, the projects
working system tries to demonstrate all major weak and
strong points of any rice farming operation, besides the
practices and behaviors that give rise to them.
Based upon such grounds, the idea is to structure a set
of proposals, including the validation of technologies for improving the organization of the supply chain, knowledge interchange among the players and bring different institutions
under the umbrella of a unique objective: sustainability and
development of the rice supply chain in the region, says Magri.
The researcher stresses that the methods proposed by
the Brazil Rice Network do not drastically alter the systems
being used in all major rice growing regions in the states
of Gois, Mato Grosso and Alagoas. It could cause serious
problems, once it would involve costs whose return would
not be immediate, he justifies.
He explains that the project proposes ad-hoc alterations to the management systems in force, going deeper
into them as the results in terms of quality, market and
competitiveness surface. According to Magri Ferreira, the
Rice Brazil Network will reach its desired point as soon as
production and quality in these areas match with the rice
produced in South Brazil and in Mercosur countries.
O Brasil produz,
o mundo prova.
E aprova.
Especializado na produo de arroz
de qualidade, que abastece as
necessidades de sua populao, o Brasil
igualmente disponibiliza ao mundo o
cereal que incrementa as melhores e
mais exigentes mesas. Incluindo a sua.
Produced in Brazil,
tasted and approved
by the world.
Specialized in the production of quality rice,
which meets the need of its population,
Brazil equally ships abroad the cereal that
makes the most discerning kitchen tables
more enticing, including yours.
Na dcada de 1970,
Altos
planos
Em trs dcadas, Mato Grosso
reduziu em 600 mil hectares a rea
plantada com arroz, mas viu a
produtividade da lavoura triplicar
60
A HORA DA QUALIDADE
Enquanto a rea de arroz encolhia, a produtividade fazia a curva ascendente. Pelas informaes da srie histrica da
Conab, entre a safra 1977/78 e a temporada 2011/12, 600 mil hectares deixaram de ser plantados com o gro em Mato
Grosso, decrscimo de mais de 80%. No mesmo perodo, o rendimento da lavoura aumentou quase 160%, passando de
1.252 kg/ha para 3.217 kg/ha.
O engenheiro agrnomo Angelo Carlos Maronezzi, da AgroNorte Sementes e Pesquisa, sediada em Sinop, destaca que
as variedades para plantio em sequeiro melhoraram muito de qualidade nos ltimos anos. Uma das cultivares de maior
destaque justamente a AN Cambar, desenvolvida pela empresa. Os prprios arrozeiros passaram a usar mais tecnologia e insumos em suas lavouras, observa Maronezzi.
O pesquisador Flvio Jesus Wruck lembra que, nos ltimos seis anos, a Embrapa lanou cinco cultivares especficas
para terras altas, com qualidade de arroz longo fino, semelhante ao obtido no plantio irrigado do Sul. Os bons resultados
tm, inclusive, mudado o mercado arrozeiro na regio. As maiores empresas beneficiadoras esto pagando por percentual de gros inteiros, o que no acontecia antes, exemplifica.
Curiosamente, a valorizao da soja tambm tem ajudado o arroz em Mato Grosso. Na safra 2012/13, a Conab estima
aumento de 16% na rea plantada com o gro no Estado, chegando a 166,3 mil hectares. De acordo com Flvio Wruck, ao
optarem por ampliar o cultivo da oleaginosa, os agricultores precisam ocupar reas de pastagem, muitas delas abandonadas h algumas safras. A transio feita pelo arroz, cultura que suporta solos mais cidos, justifica.
61
Flying high
In three decades, Mato Grosso
reduced its rice growing area by 600
thousand hectares, but witnessed
its productivity rates triple
63
Num mato
sem cachorro
A redao possvel
do Novo Cdigo Florestal Brasileiro (Lei 12.651/12) ainda gera divergncias na sociedade. Prova disso so as trs Aes Diretas de
Inconstitucionalidade (Adis n 4901, 4902 e 4903) ajuzadas em
janeiro de 2013 pela Procuradoria-Geral da Repblica (PGR) no
Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Elas questionam itens relacionados s reas de preservao permanente, reduo da reserva legal e anistia aos casos de degradao ambiental, e j mobilizam
departamentos jurdicos das entidades ruralistas.
Conforme o assessor jurdico da Federao das Associaes de
Arrozeiros do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Federarroz), Anderson Ricardo Levandowski Belloli, a entidade acredita que a Lei n
64
O RISCO DO RETROCESSO
O assessor jurdico da Federao das Associaes de Arrozeiros do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Federarroz), Anderson Ricardo Levandowski Belloli, pede ateno especial Adi
4902. No se pode falar em anistia. Isso se revela completamente inapropriado. O que a lei prev, na verdade, so condies factveis para que os produtores, muitos sem recursos
econmicos e financeiros, possam promover a recuperao
de determinadas reas, esclarece.
Eduardo de Mrcio F. Condorelli, por sua vez, lamenta o impasse surgido a partir da ao da PGR. Para o representante
da Farsul, o que preocupa a possibilidade de interpretaes
que desvirtuem o texto legal, buscando entendimentos distintos da vontade do legislador. Destaca que boa parte das alegaes da PGR se baseia em uma legislao com quase 50 anos,
completamente distante da realidade ambiental do Pas. Ela
tambm est distanciada dos iminentes riscos de retrocesso
das condies econmicas e sociais da populao brasileira,
uma vez que a antiga legislao trazia a exigncia de reduo
de, segundo os nmeros mais modestos, 25% da rea hoje
utilizada pela agropecuria nacional, destaca.
OLHANDO DE PERTO
O assessor jurdico da Federarroz, Anderson Belloli, valoriza ainda a atuao da prpria federao e de outras entidades,
como a Farsul, que esto levando informaes aos produtores para que conheam as responsabilidades decorrentes da
nova lei e estejam preparados a fim de cumpri-la. Assim, podem fazer planejamento mais adequado sua realidade, para
o atendimento efetivo das obrigaes da legislao ambiental
e em condies de mitigar possveis consequncias negativas
incidentes nas lavouras de arroz, avalia.
Enquanto prossegue o impasse, a Federarroz participa de
reunies em Braslia, ao lado de outras entidades do setor,
buscando a estruturao de argumentos jurdicos relevantes, para que possa participar das Adins exercendo o papel
de amicus curia (amigo do juiz), recurso legal permitido em
aes dessa natureza. Assim, poderemos concretizar a efetiva defesa de posicionamentos junto ao STF, com a preocupao, justamente, de materializar, mais uma vez, o princpio do
pluralismo democrtico por meio do debate de ideias, conclui.
65
Up the creek
without a paddle
Farmers are following closely court actions
against articles of the New Brazilian Forest Code
Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12.651/12) is still giving rise to divergences. This is corroborated by three Court Cases challenging
its Institutionality (Adis n 4901, 4902 e 4903) filed in January
2013 by the Office of the Attorney General (PGR) with the Supreme Court (STF). They challenge items related to permanent
preservation areas, reduction of the legal reserve and amnesty
to environmental degradation cases, and have already mobilized the judicial departments of most rural entities.
According to the judicial advisor to the Rio Grande do Sul
State Federation of Rice Growers Associations (Federarroz), Anderson Ricardo Levandowski Belloli, the entity maintains that
Law n 12.651/2012 seeks to balance principles of the 1988 Federal Constitution, equating environmental sustainability and
social, economic development, as well as the government, and
with effective participation of civil society, he stresses.
This concept is shared by the advisor to the Rio Grande do Sul
66
Stte Federation of Agriculture (Farsul), Eduardo de Mrcio F. Condorelli. The New Code is the possible result derived from 13 years
of debates on the Brazilian new forestry legislation, he argues. It
seeks to ensure the present stage of environmental preservation, as
well as the means to produce, now the foundation of the Brazilian
economy, without overlooking past excesses in a timely manner,
and not in the old make it or break it fashion, he analyzes.
Although respecting the position of the PGR, Anderson Belloli
strengthens that Federarroz disagrees with the concepts issued at
the Adis. The wording tends to comply with laws in force, and it
is up to the responsible organs and to the Judiciary to take proportional and reasonable decisions that reflect the above mentioned
objectives, in other words, conciliation of interests, he states.
Therefore, he suggests that environmental sustainability can be
sought without making agribusiness unviable, with social and
economic development, besides a healthy and balanced environment, able to provide the next generations with quality of life. n
A CLOSER WATCH
The judicial advisor to the Rio Grande do Sul State Federation of Rice Growers Associations (Federarroz), Anderson
Ricardo Levandowski Belloli, requires special attention to Adi
4902. There is no way talking about amnesty. This turns out
to be totally inappropriate. What the Law sets forth is nothing
else than real conditions for the farmers, many of them cash-strapped, to recover degraded areas, he clarifies.
Eduardo de Mrcio F. Condorelli, in turn, regrets the impasse
that stems from the PGR action. The Farsul president understands that what causes concern is the chance for misinterpretations likely to corrupt the legal text, seeking understanding
different from the legislators intention. He also stresses that a
great deal of the PGR allegations are based on legislation that
dates back to 50 years ago, distant from Countrys environmental reality. The new legislation is also distant from the risks of
inducing the Brazilian social and economic conditions to go back
in time, seeing that the old legislation, according to very modest
figures, required the reduction of 25% of the area actually used
by Brazils agribusiness operations, he recalls.
Rio-Grandense do Arroz (Irga), outras entidades e empresas colocam no mercado, a cada safra, materiais atualizados para plantio
nas lavouras gachas. Cada nova variedade apresenta dispositivo
a mais para resolver os principais problemas que se apresentam
no decorrer das safras e buscar maior rendimento por rea.
A Embrapa Clima Temperado, com sede em Pelotas (RS), est trabalhando na divulgao de duas novas cultivares. A BRS Sinuelo CL foi
desenvolvida com a tecnologia Clearfield, que combate o arroz verme-
lho, com ciclo mdio de 130 dias, adaptada Fronteira Oeste do Rio
Grande do Sul. Ela uma substituta para a BRS-7 Taim, que possui
muita adeso nas lavouras gachas e j ocupa 5% da rea total da safra
2012/13, destaca o pesquisador Ariano Martins de Magalhes Jnior.
A BRS Pampa outro material da Embrapa, que est sendo utilizado pela primeira vez na temporada 2012/13. O diferencial que
a variedade possui ciclo precoce, em torno de 118 dias. Quebra o
paradigma de que as cultivares de ciclo mdio so mais produtivas.
Hoje, as de ciclo precoce tambm apresentam bom rendimento,
com cerca de 10 toneladas por hectare, observa.
pronta
escolha
Instituies e empresas de pesquisa
colocam novos materiais no
mercado a cada safra, com enfoque
no combate a problemas da lavoura
68
temperadas e subtropicais. O produto confere alta resposta adubao, sendo recomendado em reas com elevada fertilidade natural e
com utilizao de manejo para altas produtividades.
Em outra frente, o Instituto Agronmico de Campinas (IAC) est
com nova cultivar de arroz indicada para o Vale do Paraba, regio
entre o Leste de So Paulo e o Sul do Rio de Janeiro. A IAC 107
encontra-se em processo de registro no Ministrio da Agricultura,
Pecuria e Abastecimento (Mapa). A variedade possui elevado grau
de resistncia a brusone e se mostrou mais produtiva, quando comparada a materiais similares em comercializao. n
A RiceTec Sementes tem mais de 20 anos de experincia no mercado mundial, sendo lder no segmento de hbridos de arroz na Amrica. Um dos materiais mais recentes lanados pela empresa o Avaxi
CL, indicado para o sistema de produo Clearfield e com ampla
adaptabilidade a zonas temperadas. Como possui grande capacidade
de emisso de perfilhos, permite a utilizao de baixa densidade de
semeadura (40 kg/ha). Tambm apresenta boa tolerncia a brusone e
manchas foliares e alta tolerncia a toxidez por ferro.
J a Inov CL tem ciclo precoce e igualmente prpria para a tecnologia Clearfield. A indicao da empresa que seja usada em zonas
69
Divulgao
Ready to choose
Institutions and research corporations launch new cultivars in the
market at every season, with the focus on fighting farm problems
Rio Grande do Sul State Rice Institute (Irga), other entities and
companies launch new and modern cultivars in the market of
South Brazil at every crop year. Every new cultivar boasts new
characteristics intended to solve all major problems that may
show up over the production cycle, equally with an eye towards
higher yields per area.
Embrapa Temperate Climate, based in Pelotas (RS), is now giving
wide publicity to two new cultivars. BRS Sinuelo CL was developed
under the umbrella of the Clearfield technology, which fights red rice,
with a cycle of 130 days, adapted to the Western Frontier region in
Rio Grande do Sul. It replaces the BRS-7 Taim, a favorite with many
southern farmers and now occupies 5% of the total area devoted to the
2012/13 cycle, says researcher Ariano Martins de Magalhes Jnior.
BRS Pampa is another Embrapa cultivar, now being used for
the first time in the 2012/13 cycle. What makes the difference
with this cultivar is its early cycle, around 118 days. It contradicts the belief that only medium-cycle cultivars are productive. Now, early cycle cultivars are proving very productive, with
about 10 tons per hectare, he observes.
70
Especial de primeira
Os tipos de arroz
GRO MINEIRO
Estados no to tradicionais no plantio de arroz tambm tm investido na cultura. Um exemplo o trabalho realizado
pela Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuria de Minas Gerais (Epamig), que conduz o projeto Desenvolvimento de cultivares
e novas linhagens de arroz irrigado para Minas Gerais. Os estudos tm como objetivo testar novos materiais, adaptados
s condies de vrzea, com ensaios de avaliao nas fazendas experimentais da estatal em Lambari (Sul do Estado),
Leopoldina (Zona da Mata) e Nova Porteirinha (Norte).
A relao da Epamig com o arroz j tem quase 40 anos, por meio de integrao com a Embrapa Arroz e Feijo. Nesse perodo,
foram lanadas 30 variedades, sendo 13 para terras altas e 17 para vrzeas. Na safra 2012/13, a empresa est com duas novas
cultivares na fase de produo de sementes bsicas: BRSMG Rubelita (vrzea) e BRSMG Caula (terras altas). A expectativa
de que no prximo ciclo estejam disponveis para produtores de sementes, ganhando as lavouras somente no ciclo 2014/15.
O pesquisador Plnio Soares, diretor de Operaes Tcnicas da Epamig, acredita que a procura pela Caula dever ser maior
do que pela Rubelita, pois o cultivo em vrzea no tem tido muito incentivo em Minas Gerais. Essa variedade de terras altas
muito interessante para plantio na safrinha, sendo super-precoce, com ciclo de 100 a 110 dias, enfatiza. A recomendao que
seja semeada em janeiro, logo aps a colheita da soja, quebrando a sequncia do milho depois da oleaginosa.
First
class
Red and black rice varieties turn
from weedy rice infestations to
niche markets linked to gastronomy
red and black rice varieties that infest conventional rice fields
are normally treated as weed, but could turn into a source of
income for the farmers. As they fit into a specific market niche,
linked to high gastronomy, it is estimated that their price is four
times as much as common rice.
With an eye towards discerning rice growers, the Santa Catarina State Rural Extension and Agriculture Research Corporation
(Epagri) launched two special varieties, in March 2013. One of
them is known as SCS119 Rubi, which is red. It is a low and upright
plant, with average productivity rates of 7.9 tons per hectare in
field trials, conducted at the experimental station based in Itaja.
One of its prevailing traits is that it does not shed its grains, preventing them from contaminating conventional rice fields.
SCS120 nix is a black rice cultivar. Its long thin grain is
smaller than conventional grains, and the same holds true for
productivity, about 5.5 tons per hectare. According to researcher
Domingos Svio Eberhardt, the farmers will have access to the
special cultivars as of the 2013/14 crop year. The real focus will
be on organic farmers, he stresses.
Variedades
bem-vindas
Arroz de terras altas ganha novas
cultivares, com excelente potencial
produtivo e melhor resistncia ao
estresse hdrico e s doenas
O potencial produtivo
NOVIDADES DA AGRONORTE
As variedades ANa 7007 e ANa 8001 so outras novidades para os produtores de arroz em terras altas, nas regies Centro-Oeste, Nordeste e Norte. Os materiais foram
desenvolvidos pela AgroNorte Pesquisa e Sementes, empresa de melhoramento gentico sediada em Sinop (MT).
Ambas as cultivares possuem gros da classe longo fino,
translcidos, com percentual de inteiros acima de 55%.
As plantas apresentam porte de baixo a mdio, com bom
perfilhamento, e respondem em produtividade em reas
novas, renovao de pastagens ou em rotao com a soja.
A ANa 7007 tem ciclo de 107 dias e pode atingir produtividade de at 7 toneladas por hectare. A comercializao j comeou, mas a demanda maior deve ficar mesmo para a safra
2013/14. As sementes da ANa 8001, que tem potencial gentico de 8 t/ha, comeam a ser vendidas no perodo 2013/14,
com volume mais significativo na temporada seguinte.
75
Much desired
varieties
of highland rice soars year after year with the launch of new varieties. One of the most celebrated is the BRS Esmeralda, developed by
Embrapa Rice and Beans, jointly with the Mato Grosso State Rural
Extension and Agriculture Research Corporation (Empaer). Farmers
will have access to this material in the 2013/14 cycle.
Researcher Carlos Martins Santiago, Embrapa transference and
technology analyst, is excited about the results achieved by the new
variety in the field trials. It possesses innovative characteristics, he
observes. One of the merits of the material is the excellent reaction at
drought conditions, with yields from 10% to 15% higher compared
to other varieties in the market. Furthermore, it is more efficient at
absorbing soil nutrients.
BRS Esmeralda has an average cycle of 105 to 110 days; with long
grains, vitreous appearance, with a productive potential of 7,525
kilos per hectare; and average yield of 4,050 kg/ha in field trials.
Moderate resistance to pyricularia grisea, a very severe disease, and
moderate resistance to lodging, viewed as the most serious threat to
dry-land rice in the Center-West, are some of its characteristics. According to Santiago, in tests conducted at Embrapas kitchen trials
and by rice milling industries, the cultivar proved to be of good quality, with good yield and excellent aroma.
76
To Begin with, the variety has been recommended for Mato Grosso
and Gois. Embrapa, nonetheless, filed a petition with the Ministry
of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) to expand its use to
the states of Par, Maranho, Piau, Rondnia, Roraima, Tocantins
and Minas Gerais. n
www.brasilglobalnet.gov.br
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Operao
antigases
Pesquisa realizada em lavouras gachas
mostra impacto da orizicultura na
liberao de metano, um dos gases
responsveis pelo efeito estufa
A liberao de gases
de emisso preconizados pelo Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanas Climticas (IPCC, na sigla em ingls), rgo da Organizao das
Naes Unidas (ONU), que valem para o mundo inteiro. Para buscar
nmeros mais reais, que levassem em conta o contexto de cada regio, um grupo de pesquisadores realizou medies da liberao do
gs por lavouras de arroz irrigado, entre 2003 e 2007.
O engenheiro agrnomo Cimlio Bayer, professor da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Ufrgs), participou do trabalho. A
pesquisa de campo foi conduzida na Estao Experimental do Instituto Rio-G randense do Arroz (Irga), em Cachoeirinha; e nas universidades federais de Santa Maria (UFSM) e de Pelotas (Ufpel), alm da
MRITO INDISCUTVEL
Para o professor Cimlio Bayer, as concluses s quais se tem chegado mostram a importncia da pesquisa regional na
rea agrcola, que tem colaborado para aumentar a rentabilidade da cultura e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir o impacto ambiental.
Ele lembra que, conforme o inventrio nacional, as emisses de metano cresceram 30% no Rio Grande do Sul entre 1990 e
2005, em funo do incremento da rea de cultivo.
Bayer mostra que, na verdade, a evoluo das tcnicas de manejo levou a um resultado animador. Considerando-se que em
1990 no havia cultivo mnimo, prtica hoje realizada em 85% do total plantado, pode-se concluir que, na verdade, as liberaes
foram reduzidas em 4%, ressalta. Alm disso, observa o professor, como a produtividade tem atingido ndices cada vez maiores, as estimativas indicam a diminuio de 50% na liberao de metano por quilo de gro produzido. O arroz um sistema
econmico e um alimento importante. Por isso, temos que produzir com o menor impacto possvel, enfatiza.
Embrapa Clima Temperado, tambm em Pelotas. Atualmente, o estudo segue em propriedades rurais nos municpios de Restinga Seca e
Uruguaiana.
Conforme Cimlio Bayer, com a observao realizada em vrias safras e locais pde-se constatar que a lavoura de arroz irrigado libera em
mdia 300 quilos de metano por hectare/ano, praticamente o mesmo
ndice indicado pelo IPCC. So valores considerveis, bem mais do que
as emisses de soja e milho, plantados em coxilha, compara.
Alm de obter a informao confivel quanto s emisses de
metano nas lavouras de arroz do Rio Grande do Sul, o trabalho se
props tambm a identificar tcnicas de manejo capazes de reduzir o
problema. De acordo com Bayer, os estudos foram conclusivos quanto adoo de duas prticas. Com o cultivo mnimo, conseguimos
diminuir em 30% a liberao do gs. J com o uso de sistema intermitente de irrigao, quando a plantao no fica em contato com a
gua durante todo o ciclo, o ndice recuou em 50%, explica.
A diversificao da lavoura arrozeira, mediante rotao com soja
ou milho, igualmente vem sendo observada pelos pesquisadores h
dois anos. O professor da Ufrgs adianta que os resultados ainda no
so conclusivos, mas a avaliao do plantio de 2012 j trouxe indicao positiva. Pudemos constatar que as emisses foram reduzidas
em 10 vezes, comemora. n
79
gases is a subject directly linked with rice fields. Why? The key element is known as methane, a major cause for global warming.
Methane gas results from the fermentation of organic matter, a
substance that stems widely from farm and cattle farming operations. Rice farming fits into this context, having a share of 18%
of all gases released into the atmosphere in Rio Grande do Sul,
according to the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
All data detected by the study are based on the paradigms of the
emission indices recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Anti-gas
operation
Climate Changes (IPCC), an organ of the United Nations Organization (UNO), accepted in the entire world. To come up with more real
figures, which take into consideration the characteristics of every
different region, a team of researchers conducted measurements of
gases released by paddy fields, ove the 2003 2007 period.
Agronomic engineer Cimlio Bayer, professor at the Federal
University of Rio Grande do Sul (Ufrgs), took part in the work.
Field research was conducted at the Experiment Station of the
Rio Grande do Sul State Rice Institute (Irga), in Cachoeirinha;
and at the federal universities of Santa Maria (UFSM) and Pelotas (Ufpel), along with Embrapa Temperate Climate, in Pelotas.
Robispierre Giuliani
UNDENIABLE MERIT
Professor Cimlio Bayer maintains that the conclusions that have been reached show the importance of regional research works focused on agricultural areas, which have collaborated towards higher profits from the crop and, at the same
time, have reduced environmental impacts. He recalls that, according to the national inventory, methane gas emissions
soared 30% in Rio Grande do Sul from 1990 to 2005, by virtue of the bigger planted area.
Bayer shows that, in fact, the evolution of the management practices has led to an encouraging result. Considering
that in the 1990s there was no minimum tillage, a practice now comprising 85% of the total planted area, one can conclude
that, in reality, emissions were reduced by 4%, he stresses,. Furthermore, the professor observes, as productivity rates have
been soaring all the time, all estimates point to a reduction of 50% of methane emissions per kernel of rice. Rice is an important economic and food system. Therefore, we have to produce this crop with the smallest possible impact, he concludes.
81
Divulgao
82
Para acelerar
de vez
Fabricao de etanol a partir do arroz pode vir a ser uma soluo rentvel
para a destinao do excedente, sem comprometer o abastecimento
O arroz um alimento
BOM COMBUSTVEL
O pesquisador em Melhoramento Gentico de Arroz Ariano de Magalhes Jnior, da Embrapa Clima Temperado, de
Pelotas (RS), enfatiza que muito pouco tem sido pesquisado
sobre o arroz para outros usos que no sejam a alimentao
humana. A busca por uma linhagem adequada produo de
etanol surgiu de demanda do setor, via Federarroz, de olho em
novos aproveitamentos do cereal. O arroz para a elaborao
de etanol precisa atender apenas a caracteres agronmicos,
onde a produtividade o elemento principal, explica Ariano.
O amido o componente mais presente na composio do
gro (at 95% do peso seco), sendo tambm este o principal
elemento para a produo de etanol. Tem-se encontrado linhagens com alto potencial produtivo, que no atendem aos
padres de consumo humano, mas que podem ser plenamente utilizadas na produo de etanol, enfatiza o pesquisador. Uma delas a do programa de melhoramento gentico
de arroz irrigado da Embrapa, a AB11047. Com ciclo biolgico
ao redor de 126 dias no Rio Grande do Sul, da emergncia
maturao, produz gros grandes, com alto contedo de amido, sem arista e alta capacidade produtiva.
A cultivar apresenta ainda 52 gramas de peso mdio de
mil sementes, enquanto a maioria dos tipos de arroz irrigado
possui peso mdio de 25 gramas. Com altura mdia das plantas de 110 cm e espessura do colmo de 5,5 mm, a AB11047
demonstra resistncia ao acamamento, apesar da elevada
estatura. Alm disso, possui moderada resistncia s principais doenas do arroz, bem como ao degrane. Essa linhagem
surge tambm como excelente fonte para alimentao animal
ou como matria-prima na produo de etanol, elogia Ariano.
O pesquisador esclarece que a ideia plantar o AB11047
em no mximo 10% da rea do Rio Grande do Sul, o equivalente, em termos de produo, a cerca de 1,5 milho a 2
milhes de toneladas, exatamente o que o Estado possui
de excedente de produo. Assim, teremos valorizado o
preo a ser pago ao orizicultor, pois estaremos regulando
a oferta com a demanda do produto, frisa. Ainda destaca outras possveis aplicaes da nova linhagem, como a
obteno de farinha para a produo de biscoitos, pes e
massas, e na indstria de cosmticos. Entretanto, nossa
pesquisa ainda no tem feito nada alm do etanol e da alimentao animal. Isto coisa para o futuro, prev.
83
Slvio vila
Speed-oriented
solutions
Making ethanol from rice could
turn into a profitable solution
for the destination of surpluses,
without affecting supply
in Brazil, but could be used for other purposes. For two years now
the Rio Grande do Sul State Federation of Rice Growers Associations
(Federarroz) has been lending support to initiatives intended to
give the cereal alternative uses. According to the president of the
entity, Renato Rocha, the bumper crops over the past years gave
rise to considerations about this possibility, besides the traditional
uses for humanitarian donations, exports and animal feed. Nonetheless, the idea proved a little difficult to be accepted. We have
met strong resistance, as rice is a staple food. However, we man84
GOOD FUEL
Sintonia fina
Adoo da soja em rotao com o arroz em ambiente
de vrzea pode potencializar ganhos econmicos e
agronmicos, mas traz alguns riscos
para o cultivo de soja em vrzeas, na rotao com o arroz, constitui ferramenta determinante a fim de agregar ganhos agronmicos e de renda
orizicultura gacha, que lidera a produo nacional. A opinio do engenheiro agrnomo Arlei Haetinger, que cultiva 330 hectares (130 de arroz
e 200 de soja) na localidade de Bexiga, em Rio Pardo (RS).
O cultivo de soja em terras baixas expediente para reduzir
a presena de sementes de arroz vermelho no solo, invasora
altamente competitiva com o gro branco. Ao mesmo tempo,
permite aproveitar a vantagem tecnolgica da alternncia entre
a gramnea e a leguminosa na lavoura. A soja fixa nitrognio (N)
no solo e recupera suas qualidades qumicas e fsicas, o que se
traduz em produtividade e menor custo de produo no arroz.
86
Robispierre Giuliani
anlise de solo, pois as necessidades da soja e do arroz, em termos de fertilizao e de correo do solo, so muito diferentes. O
objetivo ganhar no arroz, mas o manejo eficiente, assim como o
material e a tecnologia adequados, podem levar a lucro igualmente
com soja ou milho, enfatiza.
Na terceira safra de soja em rotao com o arroz, a sua expectativa de lucro. A produtividade deve alcanar mdia de 40 sacos por
hectare. J alcanamos mdia de 55 sacos de 60 quilos com o clima
muito favorvel, e visualizamos potencial para colher acima de 60,
65 sacos, informa. H, ainda, os ganhos decorrentes do controle
de inos na lavoura arrozeira e da maior produtividade. Alm disso,
cresce a possibilidade de voltar a usar variedades convencionais,
tendo em vista que, diante da presena do arroz vermelho, Arlei
MAIS VANTAGENS
Fine tune
Rice-soybean rotation in
meadowland could increase
considerably both economic
and agronomic gains, but
poses some risks
MORE ADVANTAGES
With crop rotation, Arlei Haetinger managed to increase
his rice field yields by 12%, from 7.5 tons per hectare to 8.4
tons, in the 2010/11 crop year. In 2011/12, there was another
8.3-percent increase to 9.1 tons per hectare. In the 2012/13
cycle the expectation is for matching the previous years productivity rates.
In market terms there was another evolution: if conditions
are favorable for early rice seeding, with consequent early
harvest, farmers can take advantage of better prices from the
end of the off-season period to the beginning of the new crop,
trading 20% of their crop, an amount that usually exceeds
their warehousing capacity. In general, soybean is sold in the
first half of the year, sometimes through the anticipated contract system, whilst the rice is sold towards the end of the year,
a strategy that leads to better average prices, he explains.
88
technologies for the cultivation of soybean in meadowlands, in rotation with rice, constitute an important tool for the aggregation of agronomic gains and income to rice farming operations in Rio Grande
do Sul, now leading the national crop. This is the opinion of agronomic engineer Arlei Haetinger, who cultivates 330 hectares (130
of soybean and 200 of rice) in Bexiga, municipality of Rio Pardo (RS).
Soybean cultivation in lowlands constitutes a manner of reducing the presence of red rice seed in soil, a weed that strongly
competes with white rice. In the meantime, the system benefits
from the technological advantage in alternating the cereal grass
with the leguminous plant. Soybeans are considered nitrogen-fixating legumes and recover the physical and chemical properties of
soil, which translates into higher yields and smaller rice production costs. Besides diluting the costs, management and varieties
have improved and could even yield profits if climate conditions
and operations are favorable and appropriate.
For eight years, up to 2004, Arlei Haetinger rotated maize and
rice in two field stretches. With the summer crop, he kept red rice
under control. At that time, herbicide residues turned the system
unviable. But technology improved and the problem no longer
exists, he explains. Nowadays, maize is a good alternative for
rotation with rice.
Nonetheless, rotation schemes are not entirely risk free: An excellent drainage and irrigating structure is needed, higher land
is preferred if the soybean crop is to be protected against possible
water stress, besides the use of adapted cultivars, with seeding carried out at the recommended period. And, of course, knowledge
is needed, he warns. Another fundamental precaution is soil
analysis, since rice and soybean differ in terms of fertilization and
soil correction. The aim is to make profits from rice, but efficient
management, as well as appropriate cultivars and technology,
could bring in profits from soybean or maize, he emphasizes.
In the third soybean crop in rotation with rice, his expectation
is for profits. Productivity rates are supposed to reach an average
of 40 sacks per hectare. Under very favorable climate conditions,
Um casamento
promissor
Plantio da soja aps o arroz eleva a
produtividade do cereal e diminui a
incidncia de plantas invasoras na
lavoura, entre elas o arroz vermelho
A rotao de culturas,
arroz.
H trs
milhes de
hectares com
estrutura de irrigao e drenagem
para arroz no Rio
Grande do Sul, mas somente so utilizados um
pouco mais de um milho de
hectares, observa. Isso ocorre,
segundo Anderson Vedelago, em
virtude da falta de gua e da grande infestao de plantas daninhas.
O desempenho positivo da soja em rea de vrzea, avisa o
pesquisador, depende de um bom sistema de drenagem. Nessa
concepo se insere a tcnica de plantio em microcamalho, que
permite o cultivo em locais alagados, sem encharcar as razes das
plantas. O Irga, junto com a Industrial KF, lanou uma semeadora para essa finalidade. A calagem e a adubao das lavouras
tambm constituem providncias importantes a serem adotadas
para obteno de melhor resultado. Estudos revelam, por exemplo, que h deficincia de fsforo nos solos gachos. n
O RITMO IDEAL
Outra instituio que tem se dedicado aos estudos com o plantio de soja em vrzea a Embrapa Clima Temperado, com
sede em Pelotas (RS). Conforme o pesquisador da unidade, Giovani Theisen, foram testados vrios sistemas de rotao. Os
que apresentaram melhores resultados foram de dois anos para cada cultura, ou a sequncia de dois de arroz, um de pecuria e dois de soja. Se fosse um ano para cada lavoura, o custo seria maior, salienta. Na sada do arroz, o solo precisaria
ser preparado para receber a soja. E quando a oleaginosa fosse colhida, as taipas teriam que ser refeitas para novamente o
cereal ser plantado, enfatiza.
Com relao produtividade na lavoura de soja em vrzea, Theisen explica que ocorre queda mdia de 20%, no comparativo com o cultivo em reas de planalto. Em compensao, o aumento no rendimento do arroz semeado na sequncia
pode chegar a 20%, comenta. Esse resultado alcanado graas fixao do nitrognio no solo, liberado pela oleaginosa, e
menor infestao de plantas daninhas.
91
Robispierre Giuliani
institutions. Irga has been involved with the subject since 2004.
One of the practical results of these initiatives is the launch of the
first oilseed cultivar destined for meadowlands, with higher tolerance to water stress TEC Irga 6070RR is a cultivar that was developed jointly with CCGL Tecnologia.
According to researcher Anderson Vedelago, of Irga, rice growers had always viewed soybean as a secondary crop. Moreover, the
lack of knowledge regarding cultural and management practices
resulted into huge losses. It is a cultural question, as rice is less
unstable than soybeans, a crop that is greatly affected by both dry
conditions and excessive precipitation, he notes.
A promising
marriage
92
do Sul, but just one million hectares are being used, he observes. This
happens, according to Anderson Vedelago, by virtue of water deficiencies and overwhelming weed infestation.
The positive performance of soybean in meadowlands, the researcher warns, depends on efficient drainage systems. The microridge planting system falls into this concept, whereby flooded areas
can be cultivated, without affecting the root systems of the crops. Irga,
jointly with Industrial KF, launched a seeder for this purpose. Lime
and fertilizer applications are also important practices to be adopted
if good results are to be obtained. Studies have revealed that the soil
in Rio Grande do Sul is deficient in phosphorus. n
Um novo colega
Estudos comprovam o bom rendimento do milho
plantado em sucesso ao arroz nas reas de vrzea,
desde que se realize o manejo adequado
BOM RESULTADO
A new
colleague
Studies attest to the good corn yields in
rotation with rice in meadowlands, provided
appropriate management is adopted
96
While soybeans
are increasingly migrating to lowlands, the use of corn in rotation with rice is still at a fledgling stage. The fact to be taken into
consideration is that corn is much more susceptible to water stress
than the oilseed. Nonetheless, the option is rather enticing in view
of the commercial value of corn and by virtue of deficient supply
in Rio Grande do Sul.
At the Rio Grande do Sul State Rice Institute (Irga) the meadowland corn project started in February 2012. We look at the kernel
as just one more tool in combat against red rice, comments Rodrigo Schoenfeld, researcher with the institution. He understands
that the crop would fit perfectly into the Central Depression, region
where small-scale farms predominate. The corn could be destined
for local use or shipped to other regions, he notes.
With the result of previous studies on hand, the Irga researcher
concluded that the success of corn cultivations in meadowlands
depends on two basic questions: water stress and the difficulty in
keeping the pests under control, particularly the armyworm. According to Schoenfeld, the first problem could be solved through
the use of micro-ridges, and the second, with the use of transgenic
seed, now available in the market.
In the first year, Irga conducted the project with four commercial hybrids, in two different periods (September, considered to be
ideal, and November, later period), with the use of sprinkle irrigation and furrow irrigation and, sometimes, with no irrigation at
all. The trial crops were established in Cachoeira do Sul, Cachoeirinha and Santa Vitria do Palmar, and the observation units, in
Restinga Seca, Agudo and Camaqu.
The Irga target happened to be achieved in the first year. We
wanted to be sure about the viability of growing highly productive
corn in wetland areas, Schoenfeld explains. The partial results of
the trial field in Cachoeirinha, home to the experimental station
of the institution, yielded 10 tons per hectare. The micro-ridge
proved to be a good solution to water stress. There was heavy precipitation and, even so, there were no problems, he emphasizes.
In the second year of the project, efforts were geared towards
weed control, with the option to apply glyphosate in combination
with a pre-emergent herbicide. Such applications leave the area
clean for the rice crop that comes in the sequence, he concluded.
Irrigation management, the acquisition of cultivars better adapted to meadowland conditions, and the economic viability of the
crop are also on the agenda of studies being conducted by Irga. n
GOOD RESULT
Embrapa Temperate Climate, based in Pelotas (RS), has been conducting studies on wetland corn crops for six seasons
in a row. According to researcher Giovane Theisen, the main problem is that the incidence of armyworm outbreaks is very
serious. Up to four chemical applications are common practice. Nonetheless, the use of new cultivars has reduced the pressure coming from the pests, he explains.
The results obtained from the experiments are rather encouraging. The researcher refers to corn fields, under the sprinkling
irrigation system, which yielded up to 180 sacks of corn per hectare, viewed as a very high average. With regard to no-till plantings in wetlands, with broad-based ridges, the result was 90 sacks per hectare. In a region where 40 sacks per hectare are
harvested under normal conditions, and with the use of a medium technology package , he happily comments.
Theisen warns the farmers about the need to good drainage systems, because corn does not withstand soaking conditions and, likewise, it is also more susceptible to drought conditions, compared to soybeans. The researcher spots great
advantages in the fact that corn requires different herbicides than the ones used for rice. Crop rotation turns out to be an
essential factor for the management of weeds, he concludes.
97
No o fim
da picada
Rotao de culturas e sistemas de
produo delineiam o bom futuro
da lavoura de arroz em Picada do
Rio, no municpio de Agudo (RS)
APOIO
It is not
the last
straw
Crop rotation and production
systems dictate the good
future of the rice farming
operations in Picada do Rio,
municipality of Agudo (RS)
O agricultor Jair Buske alerta para alguns cuidados necessrios na incluso de novas culturas em terras de arroz. O
apoio tcnico vital, pois a interpretao da anlise de solo
para milho, soja, arroz e trigo, e o manejo de cada uma delas,
so bem diferentes, assinala. Na soja, calagem e subsolagem so fundamentais, mas o arroz as dispensa, ilustra. E
recomenda: A rea no deve ser grande e deve ser mais alta,
o que favorece as culturas implantadas.
O clima exigir o perfeito dimensionamento de irrigao
e drenagem. Pode chover 300 milmetros em 10, 15 dias, e
ocorrer estiagem de 20 a 25 dias, lembra. Assim, vital escoar rapidamente o excesso de gua, bem como irrigar quando
houver estiagem a fim de manter a produtividade. O uso de
variedades mais adaptadas vrzea recomendado em todas as culturas. Na comercializao tambm se ganha. Dificilmente trigo, soja, milho e arroz estaro, ao mesmo tempo,
com preos baixos, refere. At o momento, computando mais
ganhos do que perdas, Buske segue firme no rumo da diversificao. um caminho sem volta, sentencia.
SUPPORT
Farmer Jair Buske reminds us of the need for some precautions when it comes to including new crops in rice farming
lands. Technical support is of vital importance, once the interpretation of soil analysis for corn, soybean, rice and wheat
crops differs a lot, and they all require different management
practices, he notes. Lime application and subsoiling are fundamental requisites for soybean fields, but they are not needed for rice, he illustrates. And he recommends: The planted
area should not be big but should stand on higher ground,
which favors the crops that are established.
Climate conditions will require a perfect use of irrigation
and drainage systems. Rains could amount to 300 mm in 10 to
15 days, whilst drought conditions could set in over a period of
20 to 25 days, he recalls. This makes it of vital importance to
rapidly drain the rain waters, as well as start irrigating under
drought conditions, if steady productivity rates are to be obtained. The use of varieties adapted to meadowland conditions
is recommended for any crop that is grown. Sales gains are
also on the agenda. It would be a rare coincidence if wheat,
soybeans and rice were at the same time traded for lower-than-expected prices, he notes. Having so far realized more
gains than losses, Buske is firmly heading toward diversification. It is a road of no return, he states.
100
Uma frmula
muito simples
A necessidade de encontrar sadas para as
limitaes produtivas faz Jair Buske investir em
tecnologias modernas, visando novos resultados
A rotao de culturas
ALTA ROTAO
A serradela, leguminosa que suporta bem o alagamento e fixa at 100 quilos de nitrognio (N) por hectare, entra na
sucesso ao arroz, no inverno, pois melhora a qualidade qumica e fsica do solo e reduz o custo de produo do arroz
em adubao de base. A soja foi adotada h dois anos, com bons resultados. Sai o milho e entram a soja e o trigo, com
variedades modernas, resistentes e manejo adequado, para dar bom resultado, explica. Esta rea fica pronta para
voltar com soja ou milho em plantio direto, logo aps a dessecao da soca e da incorporao da palha, que se transforma em matria orgnica, melhora a estrutura do solo e mantm a umidade.
Na safra 2012/13, Jair Buske inovou ainda mais com uma safrinha de soja em dois hectares: ele semeou milho no
dia 5 de setembro e colheu, com alta produtividade, em 1 de fevereiro. Ento ingressou com uma safrinha de soja.
Quando retirar a oleaginosa, em maio, cultivar trigo, no inverno; na primavera/vero, ir preparar a lavoura de soja
nesta mesma rea. Aps, volta o trigo no inverno e o arroz na primavera/vero, em outro sistema de cultivo e com
variedades mais produtivas, afirma. Para Buske, com a evoluo do manejo e as variedades, este modelo ser vital a
fim de garantir a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produo em vrzea.
setembro fevereiro
maio setembro
maio setembro
milho
soja safrinha
trigo
soja
trigo
arroz
arroz serradela
arroz serradela
arroz
103
Robispierre Giuliani
104
A very simple
formula
The need to find a way out of the productive limitations induces Jair Buske
to invest in modern technologies, with an eye towards new results
at Jair Buskes farm with corn, six years ago, in the district of Picada
do Rio, in Agudo (RS). It came as a timely solution: the clayey soil
turns into a quagmire after two or three years under the pre-germination system, preventing any machines from entering the field.
The method also selects pests and resistant weeds, especially aquatic
plants. And the underground red rice seed is always ready to emerge
as soon as another field management system is introduced.
If an alternative system is to be used, along with more productive varieties, there is need to eliminate the invasive plants. Soybean,
corn and wheat management practices involve herbicides that keep
control over the weeds, like red rice, eliminating the seeds from the
first layer of soil. The alteration, which ensures gains to rice farming,
is also likely to generate good income.
In the two past harvests, Buske reached an average of 177.5 sixty-
HIGH ROTATION
Serradella, a leguminous plant that withstands quagmire
conditions and fixes up to 100 kilos of nitrogen (N) per hectare, rotates with rice in winter, as it enhances the chemical and
physical properties of soil and reduces the production costs of
rice crops through base fertilization. Soybean was introduced
two years ago, with good results. Corn exits, while soybean
and wheat come in, with modern and resistant varieties, along
with appropriate management practices for good results, he
explains. This area is ready for the return of soybean and
corn in no-till plantings, soon after the soybean has been desiccated and mulch incorporated, which then turn into organic
matter, enhancing the structure of soil and keeping it moist.
In the 2012/13 crop, Jair Buske innovated even further
with a winter soybean crop of two hectares: he sowed corn
on 5th September and harvested a highly productive crop on
1st February. Then he came in with a winter soybean crop. In
May, after harvesting the crop, he will sow wheat in the winter;
as soon as spring/summer arrives, he will prepare the same
field for soybean. Afterwards, wheat comes back in winter
and rice in spring/Summer, under a different cultivation system and with more productive varieties, he says. In Buskes
view, with the evolution of management practices and varieties, this model is vital if the meadowland production systems
are to remain sustainable.
105
Slvio vila
Brincando
com fogo
Agricultores gachos esto deixando
de lado recomendaes tcnicas de
controle do arroz vermelho e infestao
das lavouras volta a preocupar
O arroz vermelho
55% da rea com arroz no Rio Grande do Sul cultivada com a tecnologia Clearfield, o que equivale a 600 mil hectares. Em torno de
40% do total plantado com as variedades recomendadas apresentam biotipos de arroz vermelho resistentes aos herbicidas do grupo
das imidazolinonas, considerados eficazes no controle, explica.
A criao de resistncia ao produto qumico acontece, conforme
Kalsing, quando os produtores no seguem as orientaes tcnicas
para conduo da lavoura. Uma das prticas mais prejudiciais o
uso contnuo da mesma rea no plantio de arroz, o que favorece
a seleo da planta daninha. Para evitar que isso ocorra, recomendada a rotao de culturas, com soja, milho ou pastagem, ou
orienta-se manter a terra em pousio durante duas safras.
Outras aes importantes, que devem ser observadas, so a
aplicao do herbicida na dose recomendada at a emergncia
Playing
with fire
plant that farmers fear the most. By competing with the regular
crop, the pest has the potential to drastically reduce the production volume in infested areas. To fight the problem, the farmers
are advised to resort to the Clearfield technology, introduced in
Brazil in 2002, in combination with other control techniques.
All the recommended measures were yielding the desired results, with effective control in the South. However, some reckless
farmers are responsible for a situation that is beginning to cause
great concern. A Survey by the Rio Grande do Sul State Rice Institute (Irga), covering the past five crops, shows that red rice is
present in almost all municipalities where rice is grown in the
State, in different degrees of infestation.
Irga researcher Augusto Kalsing reveals that around 55% of
the area devoted to rice in Rio Grande do Sul is cultivated under the principles of the Clearfield technology, equivalent to 600
hundred thousand hectares., About 40% of the area seeded with
the recommended varieties present biotypes of red rice resistant
to herbicides of the imidazolinones group, considered to exert
efficient control, he explains.
According to Kalsing, resistance to chemical products develops when the farmers disregard the technical recommendations
for conducting their fields. One of the most harmful decisions is
to stick to the same area for the rice fields, a reality that favors
the selection of the weed. To prevent this from happening, crop
rotation is recommended, with soybean, corn and pasture or,
the land should remain idle over a period of two seasons.
Other relevant initiatives recommended to the farmers include the application of the correct dosage of herbicides until
the fourth leaf of the stalk emerges, followed by irrigation in the
sequence. The use of certified seed is also viewed as a primordial
need for keeping control over the weed. Red rice is only kept under control if the farmers make use of all available measures.
Only one measure is not enough, he warns.
According to the Irga researcher, a field is classified as lowly infested when there is one red rice plant in an area of a square meter, which could be enough to cause productivity losses from 10% to
20%. When the proportion is five plants per square meter, the field is
considered to be medium infested, with losses from 30% to 40% of
the production potential. Losses in densely infested fields, with more
than 10 plants per square meter, could be as high as 70% or 80%. n
107
Slvio vila
O dono do
cardpio
Arroz parboilizado, que passa por processo de pr-cozimento, ganha espao
no mercado interno e tambm nas exportaes brasileiras do cereal
As vantagens nutricionais
Os nmeros da Secretaria de Comrcio Exterior (Secex), rgo do Ministrio do Desenvolvimento, Indstria e Comrcio
Exterior, ilustram bem a evoluo dos negcios com o parboilizado. Na safra 2004/05, esse tipo representava 7% dos embarques (6.500 toneladas do total de 92,455 mil toneladas). Na receita obtida, a participao era de 15% do total, atingindo US$
1,974 miho, do somatrio de US$ 12,796 milhes.
Quase uma dcada depois, na temporada 2012/13, os nme-
ros so bem outros. O parboilizado agora equivale a 39% do arroz exportado, chegando a 538,822 mil toneladas, do montante
de 1,365 milho de toneladas. No faturamento, os tipos que
passam pelo pr-cozimento atingiram 47% do total auferido nas
vendas, fechando o perodo com US$ 215,858 milhes, do total
de US$ 462,272 milhes.
O analista de mercado Tiago Barata, da consultoria Agrotendncias, explica que o Brasil comeou exportando arroz quebrado, com menor valor mercadolgico, principalmente para
os pases africanos. Com o tempo, foi ampliando as vendas do
produto com maior agregao monetria, caso do parboilizado. No entanto, Tiago esclarece que desde outubro de 2012 os
Slvio vila
from parboiled rice are credited with the soaring domestic consumption of the cereal to the detriment of white rice, previously a favorite
with Brazilian people, especially because of its color. The same phenomenon is apparent in exports of the national cereal, which, besides
the increase over the past seasons, now experience a bigger share of
the categories that are submitted to the pre-cooking process.
The figures of the Brazilian Secretariat of Foreign Trade (Secex),
an organ of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign
Trade (MDIC), clearly illustrate the evolution of the businesses
with parboiled rice. In the 2004/05 crop year, this type represented 7% of all shipments (6,500 tons of a total of 92.455 thousand
tons). In terms of revenue, its share reached 15%, amounting to
US$ 1.974 million, of a total of US$ 12.796 million.
Almost a decade later, in the 2012/13 crop year, the figures
are quite different. Parboiled rice is now equivalent to 39% of all
exported rice, amounting to 538.822 thousand tons, of a total of
1.365 million tons. Revenues from the pre-cooked types reached
47% of all sales, with the season coming to a close with US$
215.858 million, from the total of US$ 462.272 million.
Market analyst Tiago Barata, of Agrotendncias Marketing Con110
Slvio vila
Tratamento vip
Processo hidrotrmico
possibilita que o gro no perca
caractersticas nutricionais e
permite aumentar o tempo de
prateleira do produto
O arroz parboilizado
temperatura mais elevada, sob presso de vapor, ocorrendo uma alterao na estrutura do amido. Como o gro fica mais compacto, as
propriedades so fixadas em seu interior. Para terminar, o produto
secado, descascado, polido e selecionado.
Conforme o engenheiro qumico Gilberto Amato, pesquisador
da Fundao de Cincia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (Cientec), o arroz parboilizado possui maior tempo de prateleira, podendo chegar a dois anos, se acondicionado em boas condies, em
local sem umidade. Com o processo de gelatinizao, o gro fica
mais duro, dificultando a sua deteriorizao, analisa.
No entanto, esse no considerado o principal responsvel
pelo incremento do consumo entre os brasileiros. Amato acredita
que a facilidade do preparo e, especialmente, o valor nutritivo do
produto, so os fatores que mais contam na deciso pelo parboilizado. De acordo com o engenheiro qumico, pesquisas realizadas
por estudantes universitrios de graduao, mestrado e doutorado
comprovam essas caractersticas.
Alguns estudos concluram que a protena do arroz a mais
nobre dentre os cereais, pelo equilbrio que apresenta entre os
seus aminocidos. Tambm se constitui no carboidrato mais recomendado nas dietas de emagrecimento, isso porque a liberao
da glicose no organismo acontece de forma mais uniforme. Alm
disso, destaca Amato, o processo de gelatinizao potencializa essas caractersticas. n
VIP treatment
Hydrothermal process preserves
the kernels nutritional traits and
prolongs the shelf life of the product
there is an alteration to the starch. As the grain gets more compact, the
properties accumulate in its inner portion. At the final operation, the
cereal is dried, hulled, polished and selected.
According to chemical engineer Gilberto Amato, researcher with the
Rio Grande do Sul State Technology and Science Foundation (Cientec),
parboiled rice has a longer shelf life, up to two years if packed under
ideal conditions, and stored in a dry room. The gelatinization process
turns the grain harder, delaying its deterioration process, he explains.
Nevertheless, this rice is not considered to be the main reason for the
ever-increasing popularity of rice among the Brazilian people. Amato believes that easy preparation and the nutritive values are factors that count
a lot when it comes to deciding which type of rice to purchase. According to
the chemical engineer, research conducted by university undergraduates,
masters degree and doctoral students confirm these characteristics.
Some studies have attested that rice contains the richest protein
content among all cereals, due to the balanced amount of amino acids. It is also the carbohydrate that is most recommended for people
willing to lose weight, because the glucose liberated to the organism
takes place more uniformly. Furthermore, Amato maintains, the gelatinization process potentiates these traits. n
Atrs da
mquina
Produtores optaram por reduzir a
rea cultivada com feijo na safra
2012/13, em funo da valorizao de
outras culturas, como soja e milho
114
115
Behind
the machine
Farmers opted for reducing the area planted to black-beans in the 2012/13
crop year, and switched to more profitable crops like corn and soybean
fetched by soybeans and maize, a trend that started in the 2011/12 cycle, have been jeopardizing the performance of other crops. Blackbean is one of these crops. It lags behind other crops in terms of
remuneration, responsible for inducing the farmers to reduce the
planted area in the 2012/13 cycle, in spite of skyrocketing prices
stemming from the previous years harvest frustration.
The March 2013 survey conducted by the National Supply Company (Conab) estimates a 2.3% reduction in the area planted for
the 2012/13 cycle. The 3.188 million hectares to be planted represent a drop of 25%, registered over the past 10 seasons. Even so,
this years harvest is expected to outstrip last years volume. The
report by the state company emphasizes that, in light of the favorable weather conditions, the average productivity rates of the
black-bean fields, in the three cycles of the crop, are expected to
soar 15.1%, with the volume up 12.5%.
Black-beans are grown in Brazil in three distinct periods. The first
crop was midway through the final stage in March 2003, when Conab
released its report. For the second season, seeding takes place from
January to March, while the last season is planted from April to June.
116
Fonte: Conab.
117
Reflexos
no prato
Pode faltar feijo para assegurar o consumo de aproximadamente 3,5
milhes de toneladas no mercado interno em 2013, adverte a Conab
feijo para abastecer o mercado nacional em 2013. A queda estimada na produo interna coloca sob risco essa autonomia. O consumo tem se situado ao redor de 3,5 milhes de toneladas por ano. A
previso do analista Joo Figueiredo Ruas, da Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (Conab). Segundo ele, a grande incgnita o
desempenho das lavouras do Nordeste no decorrer do perodo. Na
temporada 2011/12, os estados da regio sofreram com estiagem
prolongada e severa, acarretando perda de produo.
Na diviso das categorias de feijo consumidas pela populao
brasileira, a preferncia recai sobre os tipos de cores, que representam 60% do total, principalmente o carioca. O preto e o de
corda, tambm conhecido por caupi, ficam com fatia de abastecimento de 20% cada.
Para o analista da Conab, o feijo carioca constitui o grande
problema do Brasil, em caso de sobra de produo. o mais consumido internamente, mas no tem sada na exportao, chegando,
no mximo, a duas mil toneladas por safra, explica. A grande surpresa nas vendas externas, conforme Ruas, tm sido os embarques
crescentes do tipo caupi, para a ndia e para o Egito. n
Affecting Brazils
staple food
There may not be enough
black-beans available for the
approximately 3.5 million tons to be
consumed by the domestic market in
2013, Conab sources warn
to be in short supply in the market in 2013. The estimated reduction in
the domestic volumes puts Brazils self-sufficiency on that score in danger. Consumption has been stable at about 3.5 million tons a year. The
forecast is by Joo Figueiredo Ruas, of the National Supply Company
(Conab). According to him, what is still unknown is how the farms in
the Northeast will perform over the period. In the 2011/12 cycle, the
States in the region were adversely affected by prolonged and severe
drought conditions, with consequent production losses.
Considering the categories of beans consumed by the Brazilian
population, the preference is not for white beans, but for beans of
different colors, which represent 60% of the total, especially the carioca variety. Black-beans and string beans, also known as caupi,
account for 20% of all supplies.
The Conab analyst has it that the carioca bean turns out to be
Brazils big problem, in the event of surpluses. It is the most consumed in the domestic market, but is not exported in big amounts,
only some two thousand tons per season, he explains. The big surprise in all foreign sales, according to Ruas, has been the frequent
shipments of caupi beans, to India and Egypt. n
BUSINESSES
Brazilian black-bean exports are very unstable. In 2012,
the Country shipped abroad 43,342 tons, up 111.8% from the
previous year, when shipments amounted to 20,458 tons. Revenue amounted to US$ 35.120 million, up 66.9% from 2011.
In 2010 sales remained at 4.397 tons, with revenue of US$
4.331 million. These figures were released by the Brazilian
Secretariat of Foreign Trade (Secex), an organ of the Ministry
of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC).
Black-bean imports are more stable, varying in accordance with the need to balance domestic consumption. In 2012,
imports amounted to 312,280 tons, meaning an increase of
50.7% from 2011. Total black-bean acquisitions reached US$
257.342 million in value, up 73.4% from the previous year.
Fonte: Secex.
119
Bom de garfo
Variedade de feijo do IAC possui
alta concentrao de isoflavona,
associada preveno de doenas e
usada na reposio hormonal
fundamental para ampliar a produtividade nas lavouras de feijo, assim como para descobrir novas caractersticas nutricionais do gro.
Uma boa notcia vem do Instituto Agronmico (IAC), de Campinas
(SP). Testes com a variedade IAC Formoso, lanada em 2011, mostraram que o produto possui at 10% do total de isoflavona encontrada
na soja, principal fornecedora do fitoestrgeno, elemento reconheci120
IMPERADOR
J em 2012, o IAC realizou o lanamento de uma nova variedade de ciclo precoce, de 75 dias, a IAC Imperador. Por ser
resistente a antracnose, mancha angular e Fusarium solani, o produtor pode reduzir em at 30% a aplicao de produtos
qumicos. O menor tempo de lavoura um desejo do produtor, pois assim poder fazer trs safras anuais. Nos experimentos, o gro conseguiu atingir produtividade de 2.266 quilos por hectare.
Para os consumidores, a variedade promete maior qualidade, com o preparo sendo concludo em panela de presso
em apenas 20 minutos. Por ter o porte ereto, fica mais fcil para o produtor realizar a colheita mecanizada, que j atinge
quase 80% do total da safra de feijo brasileira. Em 2013 j estaro disponveis as sementes do novo material, recomendado para cultivo em So Paulo, Paran e Santa Catarina.
Attractive to eat
Inor Ag. Assmann
EMPEROR
In 2012, IAC researchers launched a new short-cycle variety, 75 days, known as IAC EMPEROR. Because of its resistance to
anthracnose, angular spot and Fusarium solani, farmers can reduce chemical applications by up to 30%. The shorter cycle is
welcome by the farmers, giving them a chance for 3 crops a year. In field trials, yields reached 2,266 kg/hectare.
For consumers the variety represents more quality, and it takes only 20 minutes to prepare in a pressure cooker. As it is
an upward plant, it makes it easier for farmers to resort to mechanized harvesting, now accounting for 80% in Brazilian
black-bean fields. The seed of the new varieties will be available in 2013, and they are recommended for the states of So
Paulo, Paran and Santa Catarina.
121
Quase l
Na safra 2014/15, produtores brasileiros
de feijo j tero disposio
variedade transgnica da Embrapa
resistente ao mosaico dourado
Os produtores brasileiros
de feijo tero disposio a primeira variedade nacional, geneticamente modificada, desenvolvida por instituies pblicas de
pesquisa, a partir da safra 2014/15. O material tem sido aguardado com ansiedade, tendo em vista que possui como caracterstica
a resistncia ao mosaico dourado, a principal doena da cultura,
causada por um vrus e transmitida pela mosca branca.
A pesquisa para obteno da cultivar foi realizada em conjunto
pela Embrapa Arroz e Feijo, de Santo Antnio de Gois (GO), e
pela Embrapa Recursos Genticos e Biotecnologia, sediada em Braslia (DF). Em 2012 e em 2013, a instituio vem trabalhando com
experimentos, chamados de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU), e de
Distinguibilidade, Homogeneidade e Estabilidade (DHE). As etapas
so necessrias para obteno de registro comercial do produto no
Ministrio da Agricultura, Pecuria e Abastecimento (Mapa).
Conforme o pesquisador Josias Correa de Faria, da Embrapa
Arroz e Feijo, cumpridas as exigncias legais para lanamento de variedades transgnicas, a multiplicao de sementes do
novo feijo deve ocorrer j na safra 2013/14. Assim, a cultivar
poder chegar s lavouras no ciclo posterior.
122
A expectativa da cadeia produtiva do feijo diminuir a dependncia brasileira s importaes do gro. Somente em 2012, vieram
de fora 312.280 toneladas, principalmente da Argentina e da Bolvia. A quantidade representa em torno de 9% do total consumido
no Pas anualmente, estimado em 3,5 milhes de toneladas.
Por safra, o Brasil perde cerca de 20% da sua produo de
feijo, por causa da ocorrncia do mosaico dourado. De acordo
com Josias, a doena est disseminada pelas lavouras brasileiras,
muitas vezes desvastando reas inteiras. A exceo est no Sul do
Paran e nos estados de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul.
Nesses locais existe registro do mal, mas no ocorrem danos,
enfatiza. O pesquisador acredita que, por serem locais mais frios,
ali a mosca branca no encontra ambiente apropriado para agir.
Atualmente, no se encontram no mercado variedades imunes ao vrus do mosaico dourado. Josias explica que a doena
se instala nas folhas da planta, provocando o abortamento de
vagens ou produzindo gros pequenos. O uso do material transgnico da Embrapa deve diminuir o nmero de aplicaes de
inseticidas na lavoura, reduzindo tambm os custos e aumentando o lucro do produtor. n
Almost
there
farmers will have at their disposal the first genetically modified national variety, developed by public research institutions, as of the
2014/15 cycle. The farmers had long expected this variety, mainly
because of its resistance to the golden mosaic virus, the most noxious
disease of the crop, caused by a virus and transmitted by the white fly.
The research work that came up with this cultivar was conducted jointly by Embrapa Rice and beans, in Santo Antnio de
Gois (GO) and by Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, based in Braslia (DF). Since 2012 the institution has been
working on experiments referred to as Cultivation Value and
Use (CVU) and as Distinguishability, Homogeneity and Stability
(DHS). These stages are necessary if the product is to be registered
in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA).
According to researcher Josias Correa de Faria, of Embrapa Rice
and Beans, once all legal requirements for the launch of transgenic
varieties have been complied with, the propagation of the new blackbean seed is to take place in the 2013/14 crop year. This will make it
possible for the cultivar to make it to the field in the next cycle.
The expectation of the black-bean supply chain is to reduce the
123
Qualidade assegurada
O mercado nacional
A FABRICANTE
A Indstrias Machina Zaccaria S/A uma empresa genuinamente brasileira. H 87 anos no mercado de beneficiamento de
cereais, mantm-se em contnuo desenvolvimento. Seus produtos so reconhecidos mundialmente pela qualidade e por proporcionar excelente rendimento e acabamento nos gros. Atualmente, lder do mercado nacional e exporta para mais de 60
pases, fornecendo equipamentos para beneficiamento de arroz, feijo, milho e outros cereais, bem como peas de reposio
e roletes de borracha.
QUALITY CONFIRMED
National and international markets have increasingly been acknowledging the importance of
hygienic facilities and machinery by companies
that process cereals for human consumption. This
trend has triggered great innovations in grain processing operations, like, for example, the search for
more hygienic ambiences and instruments.
Aware of this reality, Indstrias Machina Zaccaria S/A has expanded its production through hose
filters of different sizes. Equally, in another pioneering move in Brazil, in 2012, the company started
investing in a new equipment line built in stainless
steel, known as Inox Line. It includes components of
laboratory equipment (trieur), kernel sample selectors, hull separation chamber for rice, grain conditioners and hulled and un-hulled
grain separator, all of them used in grain milling food industries.
Stainless steel is viewed as very fine material, highly resistant to wear and is not subject to corrosion. Ease of cleaning translates into hygienic equipment that always looks new. This makes the Inox Line machines the best choice for grain processing industries. n
MANUFACTURER
Indstrias Machina Zaccaria S/A is a genuinely Brazilian company. For 87 years in the grain processing market, it keeps
continuously developing. Its products are acknowledged worldwide for their quality, output and excellent finishing touch to the
grains. Currently, the company is the leader in the national market and exports equipment to upwards of 60 countries for processing rice, beans, corn and other cereals, as well as spare parts and rubber rollers.
125
T na mesa
A Abertura Oficial
manejo e insumos na lavoura arrozeira, de soja e de milho em vrzea, nas vitrines tecnolgicas. O evento tambm ofereceu qualificao
em secagem e armazenagem de gros, regulagem de colheitadeiras e
palestras tcnicas sobre manejo, irrigao, fertilizao, controle de doenas, invasoras e pragas, colheita e ps-colheita. Na rea de mercado,
o 4 Frum do Arroz avaliou a conjuntura de safra e as tendncias de
preos e comercializao, alm de ter contribudo na difuso de linhas
de crdito para comercializao e armazenagem. Os cenrios mercadolgicos brasileiro e mundial de arroz e de soja igualmente foram
analisados, apontando os potenciais do segmento nacional. n
127
Robispierre Giuliani
PAUTA
O grande destaque da 23 Abertura Oficial da Colheita do
Arroz foi o eixo poltico-setorial. Com previso de preos mais
ajustados em 2013 e dvidas renegociadas em 10 anos, os arrozeiros apresentaram trs demandas aos governos estadual
e federal: estabelecimento de cotas para importao de arroz
do Mercosul a fim de evitar o excesso de oferta e a reduo dos
preos no mercado interno; reduo da carga tributria sobre o
gro, dos insumos ao consumidor; e apoio s exportaes.
As solicitaes foram bem recebidas pelo governo federal, que anunciou a iseno de tributos para os gneros da
cesta bsica. O secretrio nacional de Poltica Agrcola, Neri
Geller, do Ministrio da Agricultura, Pecuria e Abastecimento (Mapa), anunciou estudo para organizar a entrada de arroz do Mercosul, de maneira a no afetar os preos internos
em momentos como o de safra. A reduo tributria, o equilbrio cambial e a nova legislao porturia so medidas que
podem ser somadas ao esforo exportador.
O governo pode fazer mais com medidas estruturantes
a mdio prazo para o setor, diz Renato Rocha, presidente da
Federarroz. O governador do Rio Grande do Sul, Tarso Genro,
avisou que o seu grande desafio em 2013 fazer valer as
cotas de importao e garantir preos justos ao produtor, o
que agradou aos orizicultores.
Durante o evento tambm foram confirmadas as sedes das
atividades para os dois prximos anos. A 24 Abertura Oficial da
Colheita do Arroz, em fevereiro de 2014, acontecer na cidade de
Mostardas (RS). Em 2015, Tapes (RS) promover a 25 edio.
On the
table
AGENDA
The real highlight of the 23rd Official Rice Harvest Opening
Ceremony was the political/sectoral hub. With the forecast for
tighter prices in 2013 and debt renegotiations over a 10-year
period, the rice farmers presented three demands to the federal
and state governments: a quota system for rice imports from
Mercosur countries, so as to avoid excessive supplies and a reduction of prices in the domestic market; lower taxes levied on
grains, from inputs to consumer; and support to exports.
The solicitations got a sympathetic ear from the federal government, which announced it will scrap taxes on certain food
staples. The National Agriculture Policy Secretary , Neri Geller, of
the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), announced a study intended to organize the entrance of rice from
Mercosur, in order to keep prices unscathed in moments like
harvest time. Lower taxes, stable exchange rate and new port
legislation are measures that are aimed at favoring exports.
The government could do more through structuring measures in the medium run for the sector, says Renato Rocha,
president of Federarroz. The governor of Rio Grande do Sul,
Tarso Genro, announced that the great challenge of the government in 2013 is to guarantee the import quotas and fair prices
to farmers, which pleased the rice farmers.
During the event the venues for the activities over the next years were also confirmed. The 24th Official Rice Harvest Opening
Ceremony, in February 2014, will take place in the city of Mostardas (RS). In 2015, Tapes (RS) is to promote the 25th edition.
128
Robispierre Giuliani
Alm do horizonte
Cerca de 800 cientistas,
Slvio vila
8th Brazilian Irrigated Rice Congress will hold debates on the challenges
of irrigated rice farming, technological advances and sectoral scenarios
The themes referred to by Leandro include crop rotation and cultivation systems in meadowlands, as a manner to add income and
agronomic edges to the fields; and pesticide and fertilizer management. There is significant evolution in management and a profile
change with the introduction of soybean and corn crops in areas
normally devoted to rice farming, he notes. The scenario expands
the array of available technologies and has strong impact on the
various segments of the production chain. This will be debated during the congress, he says. The expectation is for the presentation of
at least 250 scientific papers during the event. For more information,
please access site www.cbai2013.com.br n
Novas tecnologias
De olho nos
negcios
Eye on
business
Expoarroz 2013 attracts relevant
players of the national supply chain
to the Events Center in Pelotas (RS),
from April 16th through 19th
New technologies
Slvio vila
Sinais
de alerta
do tempo por sua aceitao comercial, o arroz vermelho cruza facilmente por meio do chamado fluxo gnico. H alguns anos foram
criadas variedades tolerantes a um herbicida, que permitiram relativo controle dos inos no Rio Grande do Sul e recuperao de reas infestadas, ampliando a produo e a produtividade no Estado.
Mas o uso inadequado e continuado da variedade e do herbicida
levaram ao cruzamento do arroz vermelho tambm com a cultivar
tolerante, gerando invasora resistente ao defensivo qumico, idntica variedade comercial, e que muitas vezes s identificada no
processo de classificao na indstria.
O gerente da Diviso de Pesquisa do Irga, Srgio Gindri Lopes,
aponta que o encontro tem a meta de avaliar a gesto do arroz
vermelho na lavoura irrigada das principais regies produtoras
do mundo na ltima dcada. Ao mesmo tempo, quer estimular a
Warning
signs
of South and Central America and from the Caribbean will gather at
the auditorium of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do
Sul (PUCRS), in Porto Alegre (RS), during the II Latin-American Seminar on Red Rice, on 4th and 5th July 2013. They will exchange experiences and debate on the losses caused by this invasive plant, besides
debating on management practices for its control and elimination.
Red rice is the biggest threat for irrigated rice in the Americas, likely
to cause huge losses to farmers, once rice harvested in infested areas
ranks very low in terms of classification. In Rio Grande do Sul, it is
this weed that makes farmers, researchers and assistants lose sleep.
As it belongs to the same family as white rice, selected over time
because it is commercially accepted, red rice easily intercrosses
with any rice variety through the so-called process of gene flow.
Some years ago, scientists came up with varieties resistant to a
specific herbicide, which resulted into reasonably good weed control in Rio Grande do Sul, and in the recovery of infested areas, expanding production and productivity rates throughout the State.
However, inadequate and continued use of the variety and of the
herbicide resulted into inter-crossings of red rice with the tolerant
cultivar, generating an invasive plant resistant to the agrochemical, identical to the commercial variety and often only detected
during the industrial classification process.
The manager of Irgas Research Division Srgio Gindri Lopes,
refers to the meeting as a moment for evaluating the management
of red rice in irrigated fields in all major rice producing regions
in the world over the past decade. In the meantime, the seminar
wants to debate on the negative effects of the invasive plant on
commercial crops and relevant strategies for its integrated management. The seminar will debate the evolution of the management practices in rice farming operations and innovations that
contribute towards controlling the red rice, as a manner to spread
the main biotechnological tools related to the study of the evolution, echophysiology and control of weeds, he adds.
According to Lopes, an international working group will be set
up for conducting a study on red rice and its management, whose
conclusions will be applied on future fields. In Rio Grande do Sul,
besides the use of CL varieties (Clearfield) resistant to herbicides of
the imidazolinones family, the rotation of cultivation systems and
crops is recommended for reducing the number of seeds and the
incidence of the weed in commercial fields. n
133
Grandes
contatos
Great
institutions
136
Inor Ag. Assmann