AutoBee Design

Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology
Lovely C. Almocera
Renz Claudel O. Arboleda
Sarrah Kay S. Bravante
Crecialene S. Dela Cruz
Technological Institute of the Philippines
Quezon City
March, 2015
APPROVAL SHEET
This design project entitled Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology is prepared by
Lovely C. Almocera, Renz Claudel O. Arboleda, Sarrah Kay S. Bravante, and Crecialene S. Dela Cruz of
the Computer Engineering Department was examined and evaluated by the members of the Student
Design Evaluation Panel and is hereby recommended for approval.
ENGR. RONNIE M. DYSANGCO

Adviser
Panel Members:
ENGR. ALONICA VILLANUEVA
Member
ENGR. ARIEL E. ISIDRO

Member
ENGR. MARIA CECILIA A. VENAL

Chair
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Quezon City
Major (Capstone) Design Experience Information
CP 520D2 DESIGN PROJECT 2
2nd Semester, SY 2013-2014
Student/Team
Group
Design Title
Program Concentration Area
Design Objectives
Lovely C. Almocera
Renz Claudel O. Arboleda
Sarrah Kay S. Bravante
Crecialene S. Dela Cruz
Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology
Embedded System
Project Objective
The general objective of this project is to design a device that can monitor
the temperature, humidity and the weight of the beehive to meet the
requirements needed by the client in accordance with codes of ethics,
engineering standards and consideration of tradeoffs based on multiple
constraints such as economic, sustainability and manufacturability.
Specific Objectives
3
To design a prototype that could monitor the beehive temperature

and humidity.
To develop an Android application that would display the actual
beehive frames status and measurement.
To test and evaluate the accuracy of the prototype.
Constraints
Economic
The components that were used for the building of the design project
were put into consideration based on the clients requirements and the
availability of the components. The designers used the components that
are not harmful to the client and the environment. Considering the cost of
the components, the designers used not only the affordable materials, but
also the prcised functionality that was needed for the design.
Manufacturability
The manufacturability of the components would be highly affected

depending on the availability of the materials. The capability of the design
produced with the needed part and maintenance referred the designs
manufacturability.
Sustainability
The designers also considered the functionality of the device. The design
project had an easy to use functionality and was environmentally friendly.
Considering the procedures, the designers made sure that there are
fewer procedures so that the client was able to understand and work with
it without so much time wasted.
Standards
3-1982 - IEEE Recommended

Practice in the Selection of
Reference Ambient Conditions for
Test Measurements of Electrical
Apparatus
The designers considered the standard during the measurement of

temperature and humidity inside of a beehive. The standard was used in
all three designs created by the designers since all designs has
temperature and humidity sensor.
ASTM E 74-02 American Society

for Testing and Materials, 2002,
Standard Practice of Calibration of
Force
The designers used the standard for the calibration result for load cell
sensor (weight sensor). All three designs used the ASTM E 74-02
standard since a weight sensor needed to be calibrated to give an
accurate result of measurement.
IEEE standard 802.15.1 for

Bluetooth Wireless Technology
UNIFORMAT II (E 1557)
IEEE standards for In-System

Configuration for Programmable
Devices
The designers used the standard for the communication from the
prototype to the Android application installed in an android device.
The designers took in consideration the standard construction of a
beehive as to avoid harming not only the environment but also the bees
itself.
The designers used the standard when working with a programmable
device such as microcontroller that holds the instruction to make the
prototype function according to the objective.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Project Developments......................................................................................................................2
Figure 3.1 Input-Process-Output.......................................................................................................................8
Figure 3.2 System Flowchart..........................................................................................................................10
Figure 3.3 Illustrative Diagram........................................................................................................................11
Figure 3.4 (b) Load cell sensor.......................................................................................................................14
Figure 3.4 (a) Automated Beehive..................................................................................................................14
Figure 3.5 Schematic Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology using Load cell sensor........15
Figure 3.6(b) Torque Sensor...........................................................................................................................20
Figure 3.6(a) Automated Beehive Design 2....................................................................................................20
Figure 3.7 Schematic Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology using Torque sensor...........21
Figure 3.8.(b) Touch Sensor...........................................................................................................................26
Figure 3.8.(a) Automated Beehive Design 3...................................................................................................26
Figure 3.9 Schematic Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology using Touch sensor.............27
Figure 3.10 Graphical User Interface Design.................................................................................................30
Figure 3.11 Graphical User Interface Design Phases 2.................................................................................30
Figure 3.12 Software Development Life Cycles.............................................................................................31
Figure 3.13 Data Flow Diagram......................................................................................................................32
Figure 4.1 Subordinate ranking of Load cell in economic cost.......................................................................36
5
Figure 4.2 Subordinate ranking of Torque sensor in economic cost..............................................................37

Figure 4.3 Subordinate ranking of Load cell sensor in manufacturability.......................................................38
Figure 4.4 Subordinate ranking of Touch sensor in manufacturability...........................................................39
Figure 4.5 Subordinate ranking of Load cell based on sustainability.............................................................40
Figure 4.6 Subordinate ranking of Touch sensor based on sustainability......................................................41
Figure 5.1 Final Design Prototype..................................................................................................................44
Figure 5.2 Digital Hygrometer.........................................................................................................................46
Figure 5.3 Portable Digital Weight Scale........................................................................................................46
Figure 5.4 The device was helpful to the user................................................................................................50
Figure 5.6 The device can generate accurate results....................................................................................50
Figure 5.7 The device is affordable.................................................................................................................51
Figure 5.8 The device is easy to use..............................................................................................................51
Figure 5.9 The software is easy to use...........................................................................................................52
Figure 5.10 The output generated can easily transmit to android device......................................................52
Figure 5.11 The device is safe for the user.....................................................................................................53
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3-1 Cost of Materials of Design 1..........................................................................................................13
Table 3-2 Design 1 Specification of Materials of Design 1.............................................................................17
Table 3-3 Cost of Materials using Torque Sensor...........................................................................................19
Table 3-4 Design 2 Specification and Cost of Materials using Torque Sensor...............................................23
Table 3-5 Cost of Materials using Touch Sensor............................................................................................25
Table 3-6 Design 3 Specification and Cost of Materials using Touch Sensor................................................29
Table 3-7 System Algorithms for the Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology......................32
Table 4-1 Designer Tabulation Form...............................................................................................................35
Table 4-2 Initial Cost of each component........................................................................................................35
Table 4-3 Availability of the Materials..............................................................................................................37
Table 4-4 Sustainability of components..........................................................................................................39
Table 4-5 Tabulation of Trade-offs...................................................................................................................41
Table 5-1 Accuracy Test for Temperature.......................................................................................................48
Table 5-2 Accuracy Test for Humidity..............................................................................................................48
Table 5-3 Accuracy Test for Weight.................................................................................................................48
Table 5-4 Clients Evaluation Form.................................................................................................................49
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ASTM
CPU
I
IEC
IEEE
ISO
K
LCD
MCU
MHz
Php
PIC
R
RAM
UART
V
VDC
American Society for Testing Materials

Central Processing Unit
Current
International Electrotechnical Commission
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
International Organization for Standardization
Kilo Ohms
Liquid Crystal Display
Microcontroller
Mega Hertz
Ohms
Philippine Peso
Peripheral Interface Controller
Resistance
Random Access Memory
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
Voltage
Volts of Direct Current
TABLE OF CONTENTS
10
Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology....................................................................................i

APPROVAL SHEET...........................................................................................................................................ii
Major (Capstone) Design Experience Information...........................................................................................iii
LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................................v
LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................................................vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER 1.
PROJECT BACKGROUND..................................................................................................1
The Project...............................................................................................................................................1
Project Objectives....................................................................................................................................1
The Client.................................................................................................................................................2
Project Scope and Limitation...................................................................................................................2
Project Development................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2.
DESIGN INPUTS..................................................................................................................5
Design Constraints...................................................................................................................................5
Design Standards.....................................................................................................................................5
Software Requirements............................................................................................................................6
Hardware Requirements..........................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 3.
PROJECT/ SYSTEM DESIGN.............................................................................................8
Input-Process-Output...............................................................................................................................8
System Flowchart...................................................................................................................................10
Illustrative Diagram.................................................................................................................................11
Hardware Design....................................................................................................................................12
Design 1: Using Load Cell.................................................................................................................12
Prototype Design...........................................................................................................................14
Circuit Diagram..............................................................................................................................15
Specifications and Cost of Materials.............................................................................................17
Design 2: Using Torque Sensor.........................................................................................................18
Project Design...............................................................................................................................20
Circuit Diagram..............................................................................................................................21
Design 3: Using Touch Sensor..........................................................................................................24
Project Design...............................................................................................................................26
Circuit Diagram..............................................................................................................................27
Software Design.....................................................................................................................................30
Graphical User Interface Design.......................................................................................................30
Software Development Life Cycle.....................................................................................................31
System Algorithm...............................................................................................................................32
Dataflow Diagram..............................................................................................................................32
CHAPTER 4.
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS......................................................................................................34
Design Trade-offs...................................................................................................................................34
Influence of Design Trade Offs in the Final Design...............................................................................42
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CHAPTER 5.
FINAL DESIGN...................................................................................................................44
Final Design............................................................................................................................................44
Test Procedures and Evaluation............................................................................................................45
Test Procedures.................................................................................................................................45
Test Evaluation...................................................................................................................................47
Test and Evaluation Results...................................................................................................................47
Test Results.......................................................................................................................................47
Evaluation Results.............................................................................................................................49
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................53
CHAPTER 6.
BUSINESS MODEL............................................................................................................54
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................55
APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................................56
APPENDIX A..............................................................................................................................................56
APPENDIX B..............................................................................................................................................59
APPENDIX C..............................................................................................................................................62
APPENDIX D..............................................................................................................................................64
APPENDIX E..............................................................................................................................................67
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CHAPTER 1.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
The Project
Based on Bee Community, the honey bee production plays an important role for biodiversity and
agriculture. Bee colonys contribution to the ecosystem shows its impact in almost 80% of plant families.
With this scenario, bee farming molds to make its impact on the economic growth of honeybee production.
The traditional process of honey bee extraction starts from the beekeeper that would monitor if the hive is
already full of honey. If the beehive is ready for extraction, the beekeeper would take out the hive and
check if there is presence of varroa mites. If positive, varroa mites would be removed from the hive using
manual process; otherwise, it would proceed with the extraction process.
The traditional or manual process of extracting honey consumes time and effort since there is no available
device or equipment in the market. In addition, temperature and humidity cannot be monitored by the
beekeeper. Thus, production of honey may be affected.
Therefore, a device for automated beehive with the application of Android technology was designed. This
would help the beekeeper in monitoring the average temperature and humidity inside the beehive to
prevent the spread of varroa mites and measure the weight of the honey from the frames.
The design of automated beehive with Android technology functions as follows:
Monitor the ambient temperature and humidity inside of the beehive.

Measure the weight of frames inside beehive (load cell).
Send measured weight and real-time temperature and humidity readings to the beekeeper through
Bluetooth technology.
Project Objectives
The general objective of this project was to design a device that can monitor the temperature, humidity and
the weight of the beehive to meet the requirements needed by the client in accordance with codes of ethics,
engineering standards and consideration of tradeoffs based on multiple constraints such as economic
constraints, sustainability and manufacturability.
Specific Objectives
To design a prototype that could monitor the beehive temperature and humidity.
To develop an Android application that would display the actual status and measurements of the
beehive frame.
To test and evaluate the accuracy of the prototype.
The Client
The design project was intended for the beekeeper Dexters Apiary located in Paraaque. Over the years,
Dexters Apiary has been expanding the numbers of the beehive. By the end of the year 2013, Dexters
Apiary hopes to have at least 70 beehives to increase the production of honey.
Project Scope and Limitation
The design focused on the construction of automated beehive with Android based technology. It monitors
the humidity and temperature of the beehive to inform the beekeeper through data transmission. The
gathered data from the prototype would be transmitted using Bluetooth and Android based communication.
On the other hand, the designs limitations are as follows: 1) humidity and temperature outside the beehive
are not covered; 2) it does not detect the number of bees; and 3) cannot extract honey from the frames.
Project Development
To represent the development of the project, a flowchart was used to draw the chain of a process that
connects the phase of development of the design. Figure 1.1 shows the development process in
completing the project.
Identify the
Problems
Gathering Data
and Requirement
Project
Conceptualization
Build Block
Diagram
Identify the
Components
Build Schematic
Diagram & Simulate
Circuit Diagram
Maintenance
Deployment of
Design Project
Testing &
Debugging
Implementation
Figure 1.1 Project Developments
Figure 1.1 is an illustration of the project development process in the Design of Automated Beehive with
Android technology.
Identify the Problem:

Identifying the problem was the first step. The designers identified the problem through research,
education and self-curiosity. Finding the problem would help the designers to prepare for a
solution.
Gathering Data and Requirement
Gathering of data and requirements were important since it would set as a way in providing the
best solution for the identified problem. The designers needed to gather data and the necessary
requirements to complete the prototype. One of the gathered data was the condition when the
temperature reaches the coldest; with this condition, working bees would not be able to move and
thus would die.
Project Conceptualization
Project conceptualization was the ability to formulate any idea that occurs at the beginning of a
design activity. The designers were able to formulate an initial design of the project when the scope
of the project was drafted and as a result the designers came up with a prototype that could
monitor the inside of the beehive.
Build Block Diagram
Building block diagram could facilitate software development because it would provide a better
understanding of what the prototype would become. The designers needed to build the block
diagram for the design project that would represent the flow of the entire prototype.
Identify the Components
Identifying the components needed for the completion of the prototype was very important not only
for the sake of completing the prototype but also to seek the better quality of components to be
used. After the designer built the block diagram of the project, the designers were able to identify
what are the exact components that were used, and on this design one of the components that the
designer used was Load cell sensor.
Build Schematic Diagram and Stimulate Circuit Diagram
Schematic Diagram represents the elements of the system using graphic symbols. This signifies
the components used and the tasks of the circuit diagram. The designers built the schematic
diagram based on the circuit of the components and simulate it so that designers were sure that
the circuit would simulate.
Implementation
Implementation was necessary as it would execute the plan that was laid out upon the beginning of
the prototype. Once all the necessary requirements have been met the designers would prepare
for the implementation of the prototype according to the circuit created. The designers must meet
the objective of the prototype for the completion of the project. With the help of the client, the
prototype would be tested along with the Android application that was developed solely for the
prototype.
3
Testing and Debugging

Testing and debugging the prototype could be done after all the components has properly been
placed according to the right circuit diagram. The designers tested the prototype if it would simulate
according to how the prototype was developed and if there were some errors, it would be
debugged until it meets the requirements. The prototype would be tested to verify if it would
produce accurate measurement based on the objective of the project.
Deployment of Design Project
Deployment of the design project could be done once all the stages in developing the prototype
would agree. After implementing the prototype and testing the accuracy of the measurement the
designers would deploy the prototype to the client.
Maintenance
Maintenance was offered to prevent any unnecessary difficulties, error and to maintain the ability to
monitor the inside of the beehive. And lastly the designers would provide maintenance for the
prototype as part of the service for the client so that if there would be any unnecessary problem
met with the prototype, the designers could automatically fix the issue at hand.
DESIGN INPUTS
Design Constraints
In the Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology, the consideration of multiple constraints was
applied. The aspects that determined the feasibility of the system was served by these constraints. There
were different kinds of constraints applicable to the creation of this design project, but the designers have
selected the constraints that could affect the entire development process and these are the following:
Economic (Cost)
The components that were used for the building of the design project were put into consideration
based on the clients requirements and the availability of the components. The designers used the
components that are not harmful to the client and the environment. Considering the cost of the
components, the designers used not only the affordable materials, but also the prcised
functionality that was needed for the design.
Manufacturability (Availability of materials)
In developing the project, the availability of material of the design was also considered by the
designers. The availability of the materials would vary the time before the start of the prototype.
The designers main concern was if the material would be available locally or should it be shipped
from other country.
Sustainability (Life Span)
A component does not last longer than expected. There were times that components would need
replacement. The designers considered the sustainability of each components used for the
prototype to be completed. There were researches conducted to specify how long take a certain
component would last before replacing it. This became important for the designers, should any of
the component from the prototype needs to be replaced.
Design Standards
The designers used a list of standards for this project design as a basis for the circuit design and other
related to the following codes and standards which are stated below:
3-1982 - IEEE Recommended Practice in the Selection of Reference Ambient Conditions for
Test Measurements of Electrical Apparatus A standard which has the purpose of identifying
and recommending a set of standard reference values for certain ambient parameters which are
significant in electrical test measurements. The designers considered the standard during the
measurement of temperature and humidity inside of a beehive. The standard was used in all three
designs created by the designers since all designs has temperature and humidity sensor.
ASTM E 74-02 American Society for Testing and Materials, 2002, Standard Practice of
Calibration of Force A standard for measurement instruments for verifying the force indication of
testing machines. The designers used the standard for the calibration result for load cell sensor
(weight sensor). All three designs used the ASTM E 74-02 standard since a weight sensor needed
to be calibrated to give an accurate result of measurement.
5
IEEE standard 802.15.1 for Bluetooth Wireless Technology - The designers used this standard
for the communication from the prototype to the Android device. 802.15.1 for Bluetooth Wireless
Technology was under Class 2 which operates at a range of 10 meters and a maximum power of
2.5mW.
UNIFORMAT II (E 1557) For the entire BEES analysis, building products are defined and
classified based on the ASTM standard classification for building. The UNIFORMAT II was
considered during construction of beehive. The designers took in consideration the standard
construction of a beehive as to avoid harming not only the environment but also the bees itself.
IEEE standards for In-System Configuration for Programmable Devices The standard was
for providing standardized programming access and methodology for programmable integrated
circuit devices. The designers used the standard when working with a programmable device such
as microcontroller that holds the instruction to make the prototype function according to the
objective.
Software Requirements
The software in this project was an Android Application. The knowledge applied in this application was all
combinations of that software application which has been studied from Software Engineering, Java
Programming and Android Programming as well as the software components needed such as Integrated
Development Kit for Android Application and Microcontroller.
Knowledge in the following courses:
The designers have applied the knowledge learned from previous courses taken as listed below:
Java Programming. Java is a computer programming language. It enables programmers to write

computer instructions using English based commands, instead of having to write in numeric codes.
Its known as a high-level language because it can be read and written easily by humans.
Flow code. Flow code is a type of graphical programming language for a microcontroller that uses
flowcharts.
Android programming. An Android app is a software application running on the Android platform.
Because the Android platform is built for mobile devices, a typical Android app is designed for a
Smartphone or a tablet PC running on the Android OS.
Hardware Requirements
The design of the project has been considered and factors that would affect the process of the
development of the device.
Upon the design of this project, the designers considered the standard that would affect the process
development of the device. The factors that have been considered are the knowledge, skills and materials
required for the development of the design. These factors are discussed below:
Knowledge in the following courses:

The designers have applied the knowledge learned from previous course listed below:
Temperature and Humidity Sensor. This is a multifunctional sensor that gives you temperature
and relative humidity information at the same time. It utilizes a DHT11 sensor that can meet
measurement needs of general purposes. In relation with the standard the ratings of the range of
the measurement is 20-90%, humidity is 5%RH Temperature 35.6 F.
Weight. A load cells are types of sensors that can measure the weight of an object. It convert
forces into electrical signals and output that electrical signals. Sensor and controller, a temperature
sensor and controller is also one of the most accurate temperature sensors, its programmable
controller enables you to change the conversion depending on the code that you upload. In relation
with the standard power voltage of 12v, sensing area 9.53mm (0.375 in) diameter and connector
3pin Male square, the load cell was used for the prototype.
Microcontroller. It is a microcomputer which is designed for the operation of embedded systems.
It is a single chip that contains processor, a non-volatile memory for the program; volatile memory
for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. In relation to the standard the flash
32kbytes, pin count 28 and the CPU is 8bit AVR.
Bluetooth Shield. It is a wireless technology for data exchange over short distances (using shortwavelength radio waves. In relation with the standard the ratings of the frequency used is 2.4 GHz
and the class is class 2, and the voltage used 3.1 to 4.2VDC, but it would interface
directly with the UART port of any microcontroller chip running at 3.3VDC.
CHAPTER 2.
PROJECT/ SYSTEM DESIGN
Input-Process-Output
The Input-Process-Output is a graphical representation of all factors/procedures in which the required
inputs such as knowledge, hardware and software along with multiple constraints processed through data
gathering and planning to produce the most efficient hardware and software design to meet the design
objectives and arrive at the output of producing a prototype.
INPUT
PROCESS
Requirements in:
Knowledge:
Circuit Design
Electronic Circuits
Embedded Systems
Microcontroller
Programming
Software Designing
Hardware:
Sensors (Temperature,
Humidity and Weight)
Bluetooth module
Microcontroller
Software:
OUTPUT
Data Gathering
Monitoring the temperature

and humidity inside of the
beehives
Sending message using
Bluetooth technology
Design
Design of Automated
Beehive with Android
Technology
Embedded System
Circuit Designing
Testing and Evaluation of

the design
Android Programming
Java Programming
Flow code
Multiple Constraints
Engineering Standards
Figure 3.1 Input-Process-Output
Figure 3.1 shows the requirements and how the design was processed. The inputs have all the necessary
requirements before the design can be process. It is the first thing that should be prepared. The process is
made up of engineering methodologies required for the production of the design project.
The inputs are made up of Knowledge, Hardware, Software, Multiple Constraints and Standard
requirements. The knowledge requirement consists of the expected functionality of the design project. The
hardware requirement consists of components and peripherals that would be used. The sensors would be
used for monitoring the inside of the beehive, Bluetooth module would be used for communication from the
device itself to any android devices that has the certain application installed on mobile devices. The
microcontroller would be the main component of the system where instructions are to be executed based
on the given inputs.
The software requirements consist of programming languages to be used for the microcontroller and
Android Device. The Android programming and Java programming would be used for the development of
Android Application while the Arduino programming would be used for microcontroller. Multiple constraints
were also part of the input where it would remind the designers the different considerations to be observed
such as economic, sustainability and manufacturability.
The process illustrates how the design would function based on the given inputs. The knowledge
requirements consist of the detailed functionality and the engineering techniques to be used. The hardware
shows how the components would be used according to the designers input.
System Flowchart
Figure 3.2 shows the system flowchart of the automated beehive and discussed the entire system and how
it works.
Figure 3.2 System Flowchart

Figure 3.2 explains how the system flows throughout the process. First, the prototype must be connected to
an Android device with the application; if they are not connected, the application would terminate. However,
once the prototype and the Android device are connected, the three input buttons that user could select
would be available. The three input buttons consists of temperature, humidity, and weight. When one of the
buttons is selected, the corresponding output would be displayed on the Android device.
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Illustrative Diagram
The Figure 3.3 shows an illustrative diagram of how each component interacts with one another.
Figure 3.3 Illustrative Diagram

Figure 3.3 is an illustration of the components and peripherals that is use for the production of the design
project. It comes along with the following list of design standard that was stated previously such as 3-1982 IEEE Recommended Practice in the Selection of Reference Ambient Conditions for Test Measurements of
Electrical Apparatus. The purpose of the said standard is for reference value for certain ambient
parameters which are significant in electrical test measure. Also IEEE standard 802.15.1 for Bluetooth
Wireless Technology is use for the communication of the prototype and the android device.
Description of each component
PIC Microcontroller: A programmable microcontroller made by Microchip Technology. It can

manage the operation of embedded system used in most projects nowadays.
Weight sensor: A transducer, which used to weighing a machine, object, etc.
DHT11: A combination of temperature and humidity sensor, it ensures soaring reliability.
Bluetooth Shield: A wireless hardware component was used for exchanging data in short
distances.
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Hardware Design
Design 1: Using Load Cell
The first design used load cell to determine the weight of the honey from a frame inside the beehive. The
temperature sensor and humidity sensor measures the temperature and humidity inside the beehive to
make sure that the surroundings would not affect the colonies of the bees. The structure measured by the
device was in accordance with the standard for measuring devices.
All the output values from the sensors were directed to the microcontroller which processed the values
taken before transmitting it to another device by the use of Bluetooth shield. The Bluetooth shield was used
for transmission of data towards Android Device. The Android device presents the processed data.
The designers considered the standard for load cell that was used in designing a prototype. According to
ESTD 1950 standard, load cell is a single point platform and a strain gauge based low profile bending
beam load cell and is suitable for single point platform scale having platform ranging up to
1000x1000mm.The designers also consider the IEEE standard of 3-1982 - IEEE Recommended Practice
in the Selection of Reference Ambient Conditions for Test Measurements of Electrical Apparatus - In
general, test results and the performance of electrical apparatus are significantly influenced by variations in
such parameters as temperature, barometric pressure and humidity. The purpose of this IEEE
recommended practice is to identify and recommend a set of standard reference values for certain ambient
parameters which are significant in electrical test measurements.
Sustainability.
The sustainability of the load cell depends on the performance, sensitivity and the temperature. According
to Strain Measurement, load cell enables a long term stability of better that 0.1% per year. Although the
components sustainability would depend on how long it would be used and where would be used.
Manufacturability.
The manufacturability of the components would be really beneficial for the designers because the load cell
can be purchased within the country itself and you do not need to order it from other country.
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Economics.
The designers took consideration of the cost of the materials to be used in this design. As stated in Table 31 below the list of costing that would be used in designing an automated beehive using a load cell. As
stated below the load cell is an affordable component.
Table 3-1 Cost of Materials of Design 1
Materials
Atmega328
Load cell
DHT11
Bluetooth shield
Ceramic
Capacitors
Resistors
Crystal Oscillator
Printed Circuit
Board
Rectifier Diode
Stackable Female
Header
UART
Lead
LED
Transistor
Ferric Chloride
Beehive
Total Cost:
Costs
PHP 250.00
PHP 820.00
PHP 105.00
PHP 935.00
PHP 12.00
PHP 2.00
PHP 20.00
PHP 510.00
PHP 7.00
PHP 16.00
PHP 15.00
PHP 30.00
PHP 2.00
PHP 60.00
PHP 22.00
PHP 2700.00
PHP 5,506.00
Table 3-1 shows the different components and total cost of the materials of design 1. The designers used
ATmega328 that cost Php 250.00, a load cell was also used for the weight measurement that cost Php
820.00, a DHT11 sensor for the temperature and humidity measurement that cost Php 105.00. The
designers also used Bluetooth shield for the wireless transmission of data from the prototype to android
device and it cost Php 935.00, a ceramic capacitors that cost Php 12.00, a resistor cost Php 2.00, a crystal
oscillator that cost Php 20.00. A printed circuit board which was a double sided board was used to etch the
home made circuit that cost Php 510.00, a rectifier and a stackable female header for connector that each
cost Php 7.00 and Php 16.00. UART was used that cost Php 15.00, the lead was used with soldering iron
to connect the component to the printed circuit board and it cost Php 30.00. LED, transistor, Ferric chloride
and lastly the Beehive itself was also used for the completion of design 1 and each component cost Php
2.00, Php 60.00, Php 22.00 and Php 2700.00.
13
Prototype Design
The Figure 3.4(a) illustrates the design of Automated beehive, and Figure 3.4 (b) illustrates design 1 using
load cell sensor.
Figure 3.4 (a) Automated Beehive
Figure 3.4 (b) Load cell sensor
The designers constructed a Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology using load cell. Figure
3.4 (a) show the structure of the beehive using woods while the sensor that have been used in the design 1
is a load cell as shown in Figure 3.4 (b) load cell is attached to the plywood and also the DHT11
temperature and humidity sensor. The standard used for this design was ASTM E 74-02 American Society
for Testing and Materials, 2002; Standard Practice of Calibration of Force this standard was used to specify
procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments such as balances and small platform scales.
14
Circuit Diagram
Figure 3.5 shows the schematic of
the electronic components of the
Automated Beehive with Android
Technology using load cell.
15
Given:
V = 3.3 V
I = 200mA
R=?
Figure 3.5 Schematic Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology using Load cell sensor
Computation for Circuit Diagram:
The formula below can be used to get the resistance that the microcontroller is releasing during the
process. In this formula, the designers used the standard voltage and current needed for the
microcontroller.
Equation 3.1
Ohms Law
V = IR
Where:
V = Voltage
I = Current
R= Resistance
Ohms Law
Electronics, Devices and
Circuits
BY: Robert L. Boylestad
In R. B. Nashelsky, Electronics,
Devices and Circuits Theory.
Prentice Hall, 2002
16
The standard voltage of a microcontroller such as ATmega328 was 3.3V and a current of 200mA. By using
the given data, resistance could be calculated by using Ohms law.
V =IR
3.3 V =500 mA x R
R=
3.3 V
200 mA
R=16.5
The value of 16.5 defines the resistance needed by the microcontroller during the process. Therefore, the
resistance calculated using Ohms Law represents the value that coming in and out of the microcontroller.
By knowing the formula of Ohms Law, it would give the student the right voltage, resistance and current to
be used to avoid short circuit, over voltage and etc.
Specifications and Cost of Materials

The total cost of materials in this design as stated in Table 3-1, is Php 5506.00
Table 3-2 shows the specification of materials for design 1 which provides insight on what particular needs
of the design that the materials should satisfy in order to achieve the designers objectives.
Table 3-2 Design 1 Specification of Materials of Design 1
Materials
Atmega328
Specifications
Flash 32kbytes
Pin count 28
CPU 8 bit AVR
17
Load cell
DHT11
Bluetooth shield
Ceramic Capacitors
Resistors
Crystal Oscillator
Printed Circuit Board
Rectifier Diode
Stackable Female
Header
UART
Lead
LED
Transistor
Ferric Chloride
Beehive
Thickness 0.203 mm (0.008 in.)

Width 14 mm (0.55 in.)
Sensing Area, 9.53 mm (0.375
in.) diameter
Connector 3-pin Male Square
Pin (center pin is inactive)
Size 22.0mm X 20.5mm X
1.6mm
Voltage 3.3 or 5V DC
Resolution 8-bit temperature
Sensitivity: -80dBm at 0.1%
BER
Voltage: 3.3V
Host Interface: USB/UART
Flash memory size: 8Mbit
100nf, 22pf
1.5K, 330, 10K
16MHz
Pre-sensitized
1 & 4001
8 pins, 6 pins
Type B
0.3mm
Red, Green 5mm
RT9163/ 3.3V regulator
8 frames, top lid
Table 3-2 provides a specification regarding the components that the designers used for the first design
such as ATmega328, load cell, DHT11 sensor, Bluetooth shield, ceramic capacitors, resistors, crystal
oscillator, printed circuit board, rectifier diode, stackable female header, UART, Lead, LED, transistor, ferric
chloride and the Beehive.
The economic constraint with respect to the materials that is being used for the design project by using
weight sensor (load cell) is just right. The components that are used for the building of the design project
are put into consideration based on the clients requirements and the availability of the components. It is
also not harmful to the client and the environment. Considering the cost, the components is affordable and
its function properly. The sustainability constraint depends on the user or it on how you actually use the
materials. While the manufacturability of the materials is available inside Philippines and there is no need
to order outside the country for the materials that is shown.
18
Design 2: Using Torque Sensor

Figure 3-6 shows the structured of the Automated Beehive with Android Technology using a torque sensor
as measuring device for the weight. Torque sensor is a device that was used to measure not only the
rotation of a system, but also measured the applied force on the object.
The design was also composed of different sensors such as temperature sensor to measure the
temperature inside surroundings of the beehive, a humidity sensor to measure moisture within the beehive
and lastly the torque sensor to measure the weight of the beehive.
The designers consider the standard for torque sensor that needs to be used in designing a prototype. The
torque is a transducer that converts mechanical input to an electrical output. The designers also consider
the standard ISO/IEC 17025:2005(en) General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories The designers also considered the standard of 3-1982 - IEEE Recommended Practice in the
Selection of Reference Ambient Conditions for Test Measurements of Electrical Apparatus - In general, test
results and the performance of electrical apparatus are significantly influenced by variations in such
parameters as temperature, barometric pressure and humidity. The purpose of this IEEE recommended
practice is to identify and recommend a set of standard reference values for certain ambient parameters
which are significant in electrical test measurements.
Sustainability.
The sustainability of the torque sensor according to HBM Test and Measurement guarantees accurate
results over the wide measuring frequency range of 0 Hz to 6,000 Hz, even up to physical limits. Its
sustainability would depend on the location and the manner the components are used. When a component
was used for heavy mechanism, there would be a possibility that the component may need a new
replacement.
Manufacturability.
The manufacturability of the prototype would be restrained by the availability of the components as the
designers need to purchase some components from abroad. It takes one to two months to purchase the
torque sensor.
Economics.
The designers took consideration of the cost of the materials to be used in Design 2. As stated in Table 3-3
below the list of costing that would be used in designing an automated beehive using a Torque sensor. As
stated below torque sensor has the highest price but still economically friendly.
Table 3-3 Cost of Materials using Torque Sensor
Materials
Atmega328
Torque Sensor
DHT11
Costs
PHP 250.00
PHP 1906.00
PHP 105.00
19
Bluetooth shield
Ceramic Capacitors
Resistors
Crystal Oscillator
Rectifier Diode
Stackable Female Header
UART
Lead
LED
Transistor
Ferric Chloride
Beehive
Total:
PHP 935.00
PHP 12.00
PHP 2.00
PHP 20.00
PHP 510.00
PHP 7.00
PHP 16.00
PHP 15.00
PHP 30.00
PHP 2.00
PHP 60.00
PHP 22.00
PHP 2700.00
PHP 6,562.00
Table 3-3 shows the components and total .cost of the materials of design 2. The difference between table
3-1 and table 3-3 is that for design 2, the designers would use torque sensor instead of load cell for
measuring of weight. The cost of the torque sensor is Php1906.00.
Project Design
Figure 3.6(a) illustrates the design of automated beehive, and Figure 3.6(b) illustrates the Design 2 using
torque sensor.
20
Figure 3.6(a) Automated Beehive Design 2
Figure 3.6(b) Torque Sensor
The designers constructed a Design of Automated beehive with Android Technology using a torque sensor.
Figure 3.6 (a) show the structure of the beehive using woods while the sensor that have been used in the
design 2 is a torque sensor as shown in Figure 3.6 (b). Torque sensor is attached to the plywood and also
the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. The standard used for this design was ASTM E 74-02
American Society for Testing and Materials, 2002; Standard Practice of Calibration of Force this standard
was used to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments such as balances and
small platform scales and also the Standard ISO/IEC 17025:2005(en) General Requirements for the
competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
Circuit Diagram
Figure 3.7 shows the schematic of the electronic components of the Automated Beehive with Android
Technology using Torque Sensors.
21
Given:
V = 3.3 V
I = 200mA
R=?
Figure 3.7 Schematic Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology using Torque sensor
The formula below can be used
releasing during the process. In
voltage and current needed for
Ohms Law
V = IR
Where:
V = Voltage
I = Current
R= Resistance
to get the resistance that the microcontroller is

this formula, the designers used the standard
the microcontroller.
Ohms Law
Circuits
22
Prentice Hall, 2002
Equation 3.1
V =IR
3.3 V =500 mA x R
R=
3.3 V
200 mA
R=16.5

The total cost of this material as shown in Table 3-3, is Php 6562.00.
Specification and costing of material for Design 2 provides information with regards to the components that
the designers used for the completion of Design 2. Table 3-4 shows the detailed tabulation of each
components specifications.
23
Table 3-4 Design 2 Specification and Cost of Materials using Torque Sensor
Materials
Atmega328
Torque Sensor
DHT11
Bluetooth shield
Ceramic Capacitors
Resistors
Crystal Oscillator
Rectifier Diode
UART
Lead
LED
Transistor
Ferric Chloride
Beehive
Specifications
Flash 32kbytes
Pin count 28
CPU 8 bit AVR
Measure the rotation in a
system
Measure the applied force in an
object
Size 22.0mm x 20.5mm x
1.6mm
BER
Voltage: 3.3V
100nf, 22pf
1.5K, 330, 10K
16MHz
Pre-sensitized
1 & 4001
8 pins, 6 pins
Type B
0.3mm
Red, Green 5mm
8 frames, top lid
Table 3-4 shows the components specification of each material which would be used for the completion of
design 2. It could be seen here the different sensor that was used for measuring the weight of honeys
inside the beehive.
Design 3: Using Touch Sensor
Touch sensor is a type of device that can measure the weight of an object just by applying a force on it. By
using this device the desired weight for the honeys from the frame can be determined.
The design was also composed of different sensors such as temperature sensor to measure the
temperature inside surroundings of the beehive, a humidity sensor to measure moisture within the beehive
and lastly the torque sensor to measure the weight of the beehive.
24
The designers consider the standard for touch sensor; the touch interface allows for quick and easy menu
driven set up of all parameters including auto zero, pressure ranges, output ranges, format of pressure,
percent output or it could also use the interface to create custom ranges by adjusting the upper and lower
pressure. The designers also consider the standard of 3-1982 - IEEE Recommended Practice in the
Selection of Reference Ambient Conditions for Test Measurements of Electrical Apparatus - In general, test
results and the performance of electrical apparatus are significantly influenced by variations in such
parameters as temperature, barometric pressure and humidity. The purpose of this IEEE recommended
practice is to identify and recommend a set of standard reference values for certain ambient parameters
which are significant in electrical test measurements.
Sustainability.
Touch sensor is a sensitive component since it could detect object easily. The sustainability of the
component depends on the way its being used. As what is stated to an article of Embedded Computing
Design, the performance, accuracy, and reliability of the touch sensor depends on the noise generated from
a display such as LCD. Thus, reliability, performance, and the quality of user experience are significantly
affected by how the system addresses noise.
Manufacturability.
The manufacturability of the prototype would be restrained by the availability of the components as the
designers need to purchase some components from abroad. It takes one to two months to purchase the
touch sensor.
Economics.
The designers took consideration of the cost of the materials to be used in design 3. As stated in Table 3-5
below the list of costing that would be used in designing an automated beehive using a touch sensor. As
stated below, the touch sensor which the price is a little bit higher, but still there is a lot company using a
touch sensor because of his economically price.
Table 3-5 Cost of Materials using Touch Sensor
25
Materials
Atmega328
Touch Sensor
DHT11
Bluetooth shield
Ceramic
Capacitors
Resistors
Crystal Oscillator
Printed Circuit
Board
Rectifier Diode
Stackable Female
Header
UART
Lead
LED
Transistor
Ferric Chloride
Beehive
Total:
Costs
PHP 250.00
PHP 357.00
PHP 105.00
PHP 935.00
PHP 12.00
PHP 2.00
PHP 20.00
PHP 510.00
PHP 7.00
PHP 16.00
PHP 15.00
PHP 30.00
PHP 2.00
PHP 60.00
PHP 22.00
PHP 2700.00
PHP 5,013.00
Table 3-5 shows the cost of each component for design 3. From the table, it could be seen that a different
sensor for measuring the weight of the honey inside the beehive would be used for the measurement which
was the touch sensor.
Project Design
Figure 3.8(a) illustrates the design of Automated beehive, and Figure 3.8 (b) illustrates the Design 2 using
touch sensor.
26
Figure 3.8.(a) Automated Beehive Design 3
Figure 3.8.(b) Touch Sensor
The designers constructed a Design of Automated beehive with Android Technology using torque sensor.
Figure 3.8 (a) show the structure of the beehive using woods while the sensor that have been used in the
design 2 was a torque sensor as shown in Figure 3.8 (b). Torque sensor is attached to the plywood and
also the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. The standard used for this design was ASTM E 74-02
American Society for Testing and Materials, 2002; Standard Practice of Calibration of Force this standard
was used to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments such as balances and
small platform scales, and also the standard used for this Figure was UNIFORMAT II (E 1557) which was
responsible for the well-being of the bees upon constructing of beehive.
Circuit Diagram
Figure 3.9 shows the schematic of the electronic components of the Automated Beehive with Android
Technology using Touch Sensors.
27
Given:
V = 3.3 V
I = 200mA
R=?
Figure 3.9 Schematic Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology using Touch sensor
The formula below can be used to get the resistance that the microcontroller is releasing during the
process. In this formula, the
designers used the standard voltage and current
needed for the microcontroller.
Ohms Law
V = IR
Where:
V = Voltage
I = Current
R= Resistance
Ohms Law
Circuits
28
Prentice Hall, 2002
Equation 3.1
V =IR
3.3 V =500 mA x R
R=
3.3 V
200 mA
R=16.5

As shown in Table 3-5, the total cost for the design 3 is Php 5013.00
Specification and cost of materials for design 3 provides information with regards to the components
needed by the designers to complete the prototype. Table 3-6 shows the detailed specification of each
component.
29
Table 3-6 Design 3 Specification and Cost of Materials using Touch Sensor
Materials
Atmega328
Touch Sensor
DHT11
Bluetooth shield
Ceramic Capacitors
Resistors
Crystal Oscillator
Rectifier Diode
UART
Lead
LED
Transistor
Ferric Chloride
Beehive
Specifications
Flash 32kbytes
Pin count 28
CPU 8 bit AVR
Measure the applied force in an
object
Size 22.0mm x 20.5mm x
1.6mm
BER
Voltage: 3.3V
100nf, 22pf
1.5K, 330, 10K
16MHz
Pre-sensitized
1 & 4001
8 pins, 6 pins
Type B
0.3mm
Red, Green 5mm
8 frames, top lid
The economic constraints with respect to the materials that is being used for the design project by using
Touch sensor is just right because the components that were used also meets the clients requirements, the
same with Weight Sensor and Torque sensor. It is also not harmful to the client and the environment.
Considering the cost, the component is more affordable compare to weight sensor and torque sensor and
still functioning properly. The sustainability constraints depend on how you use it or how you use it. While
the manufacturability of the materials is available inside Philippines and it can also be orders outside the
country.
Software Design
Graphical User Interface Design
Figure 3.10 shows the graphical user interface (GUI) was designed to be pleasing to the eyes of our client
in which we used bees and honeys to represent it. The design has different features in which our client
would check directly through their android devices the humidity, temperature and weight of the honey.
30
Figure 3.10 Graphical User Interface Design

In Figure 3.11, it shows the second screen of the Android Application Software that displays the real-time
measurement of the sensors such as DHT11 Temperature & Humidity as well as weight sensor. Each
button represents different sensors. The close button is used to terminate/close the application; the back
button is used to return to the main screen while the open button is to connect the Android Application to
the Bluetooth device attached to the circuit board.
Figure 3.11 Graphical User Interface Design Phases 2

Software Development Life Cycle
Figure 3.12 shows the development life cycle of the software for the design.
31
Figure 3.12 Software Development Life Cycles

Figure 3.12 shows the flow process in developing the software in different series. Thus we consider the
different standard and constraints for this development like the cost and the availability of the parts that is
needed, also the standard of each component.
The waterfall model is a sequential process, regularly used in software development processes, in which
development was seen as flowing progressively down. In our Waterfall Model we have six phases;
Engineering Requirements, Analysis, Design, Coding, Testing and Operational.
First Phase: Engineering Requirements
The first phase involves understanding and functionality that is needed for the design and its purpose. In
this phase the designer also considers the client requirements.
Second Phase: Analysis
The second phase involves the software needed for proper completion of the project is analyzed. In this
phase the designer should decide what programming language should be used for the designing software.
Third Phase: Design
The third phase involves the design of the software. In this phase the designer should be ready to use for
the next phase.
Fourth Phase: Coding
The fourth phase involves the actual coding of the program created from the third phase. In this phase the
designers finalizes the right programming language to be used.
Fifth Phase: Testing
The fifth phase involves the testing of the program. In this phase the coding of the program was complete
from the previous phase. The testing of the written codes is occurring. In this phase it ensures that the
client interested and satisfied with the finish software design. And if there is a problem with the codes the
designers need to go back to the design phase and the changes are implemented.
Sixth Phase: Operational
32
The sixth phase involves the operational of the program. In this phase the designers completely finished
the software and it shows the fully operational software that is used on the project.
System Algorithm
Table 3-7 shows how the android application was design to operate using android technology.
Table 3-7 System Algorithms for the Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology
Initialization
Initialize Temp
=0
Initialize
Humidity = 0
Initialize
Weight = 0
Input
Process
Output
Android command = Compute
the Display the Temperature to the LCD
Display Temperature
Temperature
the Display the Humidity to the LCD
Display Humidity
Humidity
the Display the Weight to the LCD
Display Weight
Weight
Table 3-7 shows the algorithm in which the design was being operated by the designers. Initialization was
performed to find the initial value of an object or device that was used for the design. The input table refers
to the value that was inputted / processed during the production of the design. The process table expresses
how the algorithm works in which it depends on the designers inputted value. The output table shows the
final product of the process where the data gathered was sent to the Android device.
Dataflow Diagram
Figure 3.13 shows the dataflow diagram of how the design would process from hardware to software
USER
Command
Temperature
Humidity
Weight
Android
Device
Figure 3.13 Data Flow Diagram

This dataflow diagram was a representation of the design in which it shows how it would work. The design
needs to undergo many actions as it process through the system. First, the user would open the application
and connect it to the prototype with the use of Bluetooth technology. When the android device has been
connected, the user could select what input to measure. After the user select the input it would directly
communicate to the microcontroller and display the measured data on the android devices.
33
CHAPTER 3.
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS
Design Trade-offs
Starting up the design trade-offs, the designers consider the functionality that can satisfy the economic,
sustainability and manufacturability constraints. The designers select the type of weight sensor to be used
that give the appropriate functionality for the project design.
34
In the design, the use of the right weight sensor was placed under consideration. The trade-offs provide the
comparison of each component to be used in the circuit. Load cell was used to identify the weight of the
object.
Based on the constraints articulated previously, the various decision criteria were derived. Using the model
on trade-off strategies in engineering design presented by Otto and Antonsson (1991), the importance of
each criterion (on a scale of 0 to 5, 5 with the highest importance was assigned and each design
technologys ability to satisfy the criterion (on a scale from -5 to 5, 5 with the highest ability to satisfy the
criterion) was likewise tabulated.
Below is the computation of ranking for ability to satisfy criterion of materials:
%difference=
(Higher ValueLower Value)

Higher Value
Equation 4.1
Subordinate Rank=Governing Rank( %Difference ) x 10
Equation 4.2
The governing rank was the subjective option of the designers where in the value for the criterions
importance and its ability to satisfy the criterion would be chosen by the designers. Unlike subordinate
ranking, governing rank does not require any calculating. The table below shows the sample of trade-offs of
the sensors used in the designed circuit.
Three schematic designs have been considered for the trade-offs to be used. The three schematic designs
have a different capabilities of weight sensor used for the design of Automated beehive with Android
Technology. Design 1 used Load cell, Design 2 used torque sensor and Design 3 used touch sensor. In
order to find the best component, it was rated using the designers criterion. Each design has been
discussed previously.
After considering the design constraints, the designers came up with the initial rankings on the Design of
Automated Beehive with Android Technology. Table 4-1 shows Designers raw ranking based on
sustainability, manufacturability, and cost constraints.
Table 4-1 Designer Tabulation Form
Decision Criteria
Criterions Importance
(On scale of 0 to 5)
Able to satisfy the criterion

(On scale from -5 to 5)
35
Design 1
(Load Cell)
Design 2
(Torque Sensor)
Design 3
(Touch Sensor)
Economics (Cost)
Manufacturability
(Availability)
5
3
4
5
2
3
5
4
4
51
5
39
3
49
Overall Rank
Reference: (Otto, 1991)

http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdf on March 11, 2013.
In determining the trade-offs for the designs, the designers assigned respective importance values for each
criterion shown in Table 4-1. The economic constraints or the cost of the device was given importance by
ranking it into the highest value, which were given a five since the device must be low-cost and was
available to manufacture with less expenses. The designers had also taken into consideration the
importance of sustainability or the life span of the materials used and it were considered to be the second
on the highest value such as four since the materials has its own capability to stay longer. The
manufacturability or the availability of materials used was considered to be the third. It doesnt really matter
whether the materials were bought locally or internationally, yet important to consider because it deals with
the time of labor.
TRADE-OFF #1: Economics
Initial Cost Estimate for Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology
Table 4-2 shows the over-all cost of the Design 1, 2 and 3. The ranking, stated in the tradeoff table would
be based on the formula that is computed. The total cost for each specific component to be used was
tabulated previously.
Table 4-2 Initial Cost of each component
Design Category
Design 1
Design 2
Design 3
Total
PHP 5,506.00
PHP 6,562.00
PHP 5,013.00
Table 4-2 represents the price of the device in the industry and its quantities when manufactured. The
equations mentioned above were considered to calculate for the values of the ability to satisfy the criterion.
Computation for Trade-Offs #1:
To compute the value of the ability to satisfy the criterion the designers need to determine the value of the
subordinate rank. As for the Design 1 (LOAD CELL):
%difference=
( Load CellTouch Sensor )

( Load Cell)
36
To get the percent difference, subtract the value of the first design that consists of Load cell to the value
of the third design that consists of Touch sensor and divide it into the value of Load cell.
%difference=
55065013
(5506 )
%difference=0.089
Subordinate Rank=Governing Rank( %difference ) x 10

Subordinate Rank=5 ( 0.089 ) x 10
Subordinate Rank=3.95
Figure 4.1 Subordinate ranking of Load cell in economic cost

Figure 4.1 represents the subordinate ranking of the device, load cell, to satisfy the criterion from Table 4-1.
The value calculated signifies the importance of a device in a design project. As the Figure shows, load cell
has the significance of -3.95 which means that it was one of the main components of the prototype.
The value calculated from the subordinate rank would be tailing in the Table 4-1. To calculate the value of
the criterion of Design 2 (Torque Sensor), use equations 2.1 and 2.2:
%difference=
Torque Sensor Load cell

(Torque Sensor )
%difference=
65625506
( 6562 )
%difference=0.16

37
Subordinate Rank=3.4 3
Figure 4.2 Subordinate ranking of Torque sensor in economic cost

Figure 4.2 represents the similarity to the Load cell, Torque sensor criterion was tailed under Table 3-2. This
shows that Load cell has a higher criterion that it acquires during the calculations. This was due to the
affordability of the device in the market. Considering the value of the Figure 4-1, it shows that in Figure 4-2,
load cell has a higher importance than torque sensor having a value of 3.4 for the economic cost criterion.
TRADE-OFF #2: Manufacturability
Table 4-3 shows the estimated number of days in order to acquire the sensors used for the three designs.
The table is used as the basis of the ranking on Trade-offs in accordance with the computations.
Table 4-3 Availability of the Materials
Design
Design 1
Design 2
Design 3
Sensors
Load cell
Torque sensor
Touch sensor
Days(s) to Acquire
1
7
5
As stated on the previous chapter, manufacturability was one of the most important design constraints
because some of the components may not be available within the country and thus needed to be bought
outside of the country. The estimated days to acquire the desired component are 1 day since the
component is available within the country.
Touch sensor has similarities to Torque sensor when it comes to the availability of the materials. Though the
touch sensor can also be found outside the country, torque sensor is indeed hard to find compared to touch
sensor. Using the equations 4.1 and 4.2, the value of manufacturability criterion can be calculated.
%difference=
( Torque sensor availabilityLoad cell availability )

( Torque sensor availability )
38
%difference=
( 71 )
(7 )
%difference=0.86

Subordinate Rank=3( 0.86 ) x 10
Figure 4.3 Subordinate ranking of Load cell sensor in manufacturability

Figure 4.3 shows the computed value acquired for the manufacturability of the Load cell sensor considering
the time it takes to assemble the device on the prototype. From the calculated value, -1.30 represents the
ratio of availability of the material to be used to complete the prototype.
Using the same equations, the value of the Touch Sensor can be calculated as follows:
%difference=
( Touchsensor availabilityLoad cell availability )

( Touch sensor availability )
%difference=
( 51 )
(5 )
%difference=0.8

Subordinate Rank=3( 0.8 ) x 10
Subordinate Rank=5
39
Figure 4.4 Subordinate ranking of Touch sensor in manufacturability

Using the same equation used to compute the value of manufacturability on load cell, Figure 4-4 represents
the computed value for the touch sensor. Considering the value of 5, it represents the ratio of the
availability of the device in the market.
TRADE-OFF #3: Sustainability
Table 4-4 shows the life span or sustainability of each component depending on their quality. The designers
considered another method of computing the sustainability criterion. The criteria were ranked from 1 to 3
wherein 3 is the highest which means it was the best. 2 mean better and 1 means good. The ranking was
based upon the sustainability of the materials that is being used on the design prototype. The basis of
these criteria was taken based on the components accuracy, sensitivity, stability, time it would response,
linearity and their life span.
Table 4-4 Sustainability of components
Criteria
Design 1 (Load Cell)
Accuracy
Sensitivity
Stability
Life Span
Fast Response Time
Linearity
Total
3
2
3
2
3
2
15
Design 2 (Torque
Sensor)
1
1
2
3
1
3
11
Design 3 (Touch
Sensor)
2
3
1
1
2
1
10
The designers chose the Load cell design to obtain the highest rank due to its availability and sustainability
to be used in the prototype. To calculate the values of the ability to satisfy the sustainability criterion, it was
required to determine the value of the subordinate rank.
By using the same equations from before equations 2.1 and 2.2, the designers were able to compute the
value needed for the said criterion.
40
%difference=
( Higher valueLower value )

( higher value )
%difference=
( 1510 )
(15 )
%difference=0.33
Figure 4.5 Subordinate ranking of Load cell based on sustainability

Figure 4.5 shows the acquired values for the subordinate rank for load cell depending on the designers
chosen device to work on the prototype. The calculated value of 0.70 represents the sustainability of the
device according to the designers.
The same equations would be used to compute the said criterion for Touch sensor.
( Higher valueLower value )

( higher value )
( 1510 )
%difference=
(15 )
%difference=0.33
%difference=

41
Figure 4.6 Subordinate ranking of Touch sensor based on sustainability

The calculation in Figure 4.6 shows that the load cell design takes advantage in terms of its sustainability. It
has the quality that was needed for the prototype to be completed among other designs presents. The
calculated value of 1.4 shows the sustainability of the touch sensor according to the desired of the
designer.
Summary of Trade-Offs:
Based on the constraints articulated previously, the various decision criteria were derived. Using the model
on trade-off strategies in engineering design presented by Otto and Antonsson (1991), the importance of
each criterion (on a scale of 0 to 5, 5 with the highest importance was assigned and each design
technologys ability to satisfy the criterion (on a scale from -5 to 5, 5 with the highest ability to satisfy the
criterion) was likewise tabulated. Table 5-5 shows the tabulation of the criterion for the design project.
Table 4-5 Tabulation of Trade-offs
Decision Criteria
Criterions Importance
(On scale of 0 to 5)
Able to satisfy the criterion

(On scale from -5 to 5)
Design 1
Design 2
(Torque Sensor)
(Load Cell)
Design 3
(Touch Sensor)
Economics (Cost)
Manufacturability
(Availability)
5
3
4
5
2
3
5
4
4
51
5
39
3
49
Overall Rank
The designers ranking section depends on the importance of the constraints. The economic criterion was
set to five (5) because the client wants it to be affordable. The sustainability was ranked as the second
highest with the rank of four (4) because the client wants it to have a long life at the same time, the
functionality of the sensors used is accurate, last was the manufacturability criterion which rank as three ( 3)
because the designers wanted all the components to be available in the country and it also considers the
time to process the prototype.
42
The Table 4-5 shows the values taken from the computation that the designers came up with in order to find
the satisfying value for the trade-offs of each component. The one with the highest value would be chosen
for the design. As seen in the Table 4-5, Design 1 using load cell has the highest overall value among the
other two components based on the computations considering the cost, availability and its sustainability
that was suited for the design.
The designers based the cost of each component depending on the prices of the sensors in the market.
The Design 3 (touch sensor) obtained the highest value since it has the lowest price among others; it was
then followed by Design 1 (load cell) and Design 2 (torque sensor). As for the sustainability of each sensor,
Design 2 (torque sensor) obtained the highest value due to its sustainability while the rest of the sensor
does not, however, even though Design 2 has the highest value of sustainability the designer still choose
Design 1 due to other reasons such as availability. The designers also need to consider the time and
availability of each sensor and based on the manufacturability criterion, Design 1 using Load Cell has
obtained the highest value since the device was available within the country. And since Load Cell has
second to the lowest value when it comes to cost, the designers preferred to use it due to how it fitted for
the design.
Influence of Design Trade Offs in the Final Design
The constraints, trade-offs and standards contributed in the production of this design. In accordance with
the multiple constraints that the designers stated, choosing the right component depends on the
affordability of the materials; the numbers of years that the component may be used without being
replaced; and the availability of the materials in order for the production of the design to meet the deadline.
These constraints became the criteria for the tradeoff table where the comparisons for each sensor to be
used were expressed.
The standards stated in the previous chapter have been considered when measurement for each specific
component and process were taken. The standards stated previously become one of the contributing
factors towards the success of the design.
Design Criterion 1: Economic (Cost)
The costs of each component have been taken into consideration in the development of the design. The
designers anticipated the over-all cost based on the price of each component. The tradeoffs of the sensors
were conducted through calculations to determine the right component to be used. As calculated from the
previous chapter, Table 4-2 shows that touch sensor has the highest scale due to its low cost, however,
even though the touch sensor has the lowest cost, load cell was still chosen for the completion of the
prototype since its available in the country.
Design Criterion 2: Manufacturability (Availability of Materials)
The availability of the material has been taken into consideration for the success of the design therefore the
chosen component must be available to meet the deadline of the production. Table 4-3 shows the different
availability of each component used for trade-offs. The use of load cell has the highest scale due to its
availability within the country.
43
As calculated in the previous chapter, the load cell is more advisable to use compared to torque sensor and
touch sensor. The designers have chosen load cell knowing that the cost is affordable, sustainable for the
design project and since the device was available in the country. The standards have been the basis that
needs to be considered upon the use of each specific component and process taken by the designers.
Design Criterion 3: Sustainability (Life Span)
The life span of the component was also taken into consideration to make the prototype last a long time.
Table 4-4 shows the life span of each component. The component with the highest value was Design 2
which consists of Torque sensor and this was due to the fact that Torque sensor was more expensive and
therefore has the quality to last longer than the rest. However, the chosen component to complete the
prototype was Design 1 which consists of Load cell because of how affordable it was compared to torque
sensor and due to its availability in the market. Also Design 1 (Load cell) was ranked second for lasting
longer unlike touch sensor.
CHAPTER 4.
FINAL DESIGN
Final Design
Figure 5.1 shows the final design of the prototype after assembling the components. The designers chose
the load cell as a measuring device for the weight measurement. The selection was made based on the
different constraints discussed in the previous chapter. The load cell is the most affordable device and is
available in the country among the 3 designs. Connecting load cell to the home made prototype is easier by
44
connecting the wires from the load cell to the prototype and the rest is run by the microcontroller of the
prototype. After the connection, the user only needs to connect to the Bluetooth device connected to the
home made prototype in order to run the application from the Android Device. Once the Android device is
connected to the Bluetooth device, the user would run the application by selecting the appropriate button
such as temperature, humidity and/or weight button to show the real-time value.
Figure 5.1 Final Design Prototype

The designers design a homemade prototype for the beehive to accurately get the precise data for the
prototype. The homemade prototype is like the heart of the whole system because the prototype has the
microcontroller which holds the whole functionality of the prototype and it also has different capacitor and
resistor thats served as the second important part of the homemade prototype.
Based on the standard IEEE Recommended Practice for General Principles of Temperature Measurement
as Applied to Electrical Apparatus and IEEE standard 802.15.1 for Bluetooth Wireless Technology, the
designers used devices that has low radio frequency to avoid any unnecessary disturbance to the
surroundings of the bees such as DHT11 Sensor for temperature and humidity and Bluetooth Shield for the
transmission of data from the prototype to android devices. The designers also took consideration of the
economic (cost), manufacturability (availability) and sustainability (life span) of each devices used in the
production of the project. The devices used for this project are affordable and can be bought within the
country.
45
Test Procedures and Evaluation

The testing and evaluation were based on the different standard that was involved in the production of the
project based on the specific objectives set in Chapter 1 Project Background.
Test Procedures
To test and evaluate the designs according to the standards of the prototype, the designers considered the
environment of the bees and of the users and should be tested on both hardware and software aspects.
The ability of the device has been tested. The softwares capabilities to represent the given data of the
device are also tested. The software has recreated the given data to a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to be
understood by the client. Another component would be used to get the actual value of the temperature,
humidity and weight in order to check the accuracy of the result that would be taken from the prototype.
The formula below was used to test the accuracy of each value.
%Accuracy=
Value
x 100
( Measured
Actual Value )
Equation 5.1
The actual value would be taken using the digital hygrometer and portable digital weight scale; thereafter it
would be differentiate with the measured value taken from the prototype. The accuracy would be based on
whether the measured value has the same output as the actual value.
If the results of the tests were close to the value taken from the digital hygrometer and portable digital
weighing scale, the results were considered accurate, otherwise NOT accurate.
Hardware Test
The hardware has been tested based on the objective discussed in the first chapter of the
document. The prototype has been tested using another device such as Digital Hygrometer to
46
determine whether the temperature and humidity sensor inside the beehive provides accurate
readings.
Figure 5.2 shows the device that was used for actual reading
of the temperature and humidity of the inside of the
beehive. The digital hygrometer has a temperature
range between -50C to +70C while the humidity
range between 20% to 99%RH and the accuracy of
temperature was +- 1C (1.8F), humidity +-5%RH
80%).
(40% ~
Figure
5.2 Digital Hygrometer
Another
device
Scale
to
test
accurate readings.
used such as Portable Digital Weight

whether the weight sensor provides
Figure 5.3 shows

reading of the
Scale has the
the device that was used for the actual

weight. The Portable Digital Weight
capacity to measure up to 20Kg.
Figure 5.3 Portable Digital Weight Scale

Software Test
The software was tested based on the design of the application and its function. The major
functions of the application that the designers used for the test of the prototype were: humidity,
temperature and weight sensors.
The software was tested according to the procedures devised by the designers. First was to open
and to connect the Android device Bluetooth with the application. Nest was to tap any of the
buttons for temperature, humidity or weight. Once tapped corresponding data would then be
displayed.
Accuracy Test
47
The designers connected the prototype to the android device by opening the Bluetooth from the
android device and searching for the Bluetooth name of the prototype. After all the testing and
connection of android application and prototype, the designer could gather the data from the
android application and check the accuracy of the data gathered from the prototype.
Test of Accuracy for Temperature
The designers tested the accuracy of the Temperature sensor by gathering the data from the
prototype and using the digital hygrometer that served to provide the actual value of the
temperature.
Test of Accuracy for Humidity
The designers tested the accuracy of the Humidity sensor from the prototype to the digital
hygrometer; the same testing done for the temperature was made to humidity sensor.
Test of Accuracy for Weight
The designers tested the accuracy of the Weight sensor inside the prototype by using a calibrator
in order for the weight sensor to produce a value.
Test Evaluation
The evaluation of this project was taken through the survey form to be provided to the possible direct users
of the prototype. The questions stated in the survey form were based on the specific objectives set in the
first chapter of this document.
Test and Evaluation Results
Test Results
The following test results were acquired using the testing procedures mentioned in the previous section of
the document. For monitoring, the designers must first identify what temperature and humidity best suits
the inside of the beehive. For checking the accuracy of the gathered data, the formula stated in the
previous section was done to calculate whether the prototype can be useful to others. (See Appendix D for
sample image results)
The designers produced a three trial test in order to test the accuracy of each specific component where
the Actual Value came from the Digital Hygrometer that measures temperature and humidity while the
48
Measured Value came from the prototype, DHT11 sensor. Table 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3 shows the data that was
gathered.
Table 5-1 Accuracy Test for Temperature
Trial
1
2
3
Actual Value
24C
23.3C
30.5C
Measured Value
23C
23C
30C
% Accuracy
95.83%
98.71%
98.36%
Remarks
Accurate
Accurate
Accurate
Table 5-1 shows the actual measurement of the temperature from another device called Digital
Hygrometer, while the measured value was the measurement of the temperature from the prototype. All
three trials were close to the value of each measured data which means the result were all accurate. (See
Appendix E for computation)
Table 5-2 Accuracy Test for Humidity
Trial
1
2
3
Actual Value
52%
55%
53%
Measured Value
52%
53%
51%
% Accuracy
100%
96%
96.22%
Remarks
Accurate
Accurate
Accurate
Table 5-2 shows the actual measurement of the humidity from another device called Digital Hygrometer,
while the measured value was the measurement of the humidity from the prototype. All three trials were
close to the value of each measured data which means the result were all accurate. (See Appendix E for
computation)
The tabulated data from the table shows that the humidity sensor inside the beehive provides almost
accurate data as per the actual value taken from the digital hygrometer therefore the remarks signify the
accuracy of the calculated value. The average percentage accuracy should be greater than or equal to 95%
to consider the results as accurate, otherwise not accurate. (See Appendix E for computation)
Table 5-3 Accuracy Test for Weight
Trial
1
2
3
Actual Value
14g
1kg
75g
Measured Value
14g
950g
74g
% Accuracy
100%
95%
98.66%
Remarks
Accurate
Accurate
Accurate
Table 5-3 shows the accuracy test for the load cell inside the beehive. It undergoes three trials to satisfy the
value of the object used. Load cell has been calibrated in order to provide the accurate value for the weight
measurement. A portable digital weighing scale was used to determine whether the measurement from the
prototype is accurate.
Based on the gathered data from Table 5-3, it shows that the load cell from the prototype and the weighing
scale used was almost accurate wherein the accuracy was signified by the remarks. The average
49
percentage accuracy should be greater than or equal to 95% to consider the results as accurate, otherwise
not accurate. (See Appendix E for computation)
Evaluation Results
The designers decided that the test of evaluation would be based on criteria in a form of survey to verify the
prototypes accuracy as to what the specific objectives conveyed. Once the evaluation result of the project
met with the three specific objectives stated in chapter 1, the satisfaction of the client would be guaranteed
with respect to the projects completion.
Table 5-4 Clients Evaluation Form
SURVEY
Kindly check the corresponding number according to the best performance through the scale provided
1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Undecided 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree
Description:
1
2
3
4
5
1. The device is helpful to the user
2. The device can generate accurate results
3. The device is affordable
4. The device is easy to use
5. The software is easy to use
6. The output generated can easily transmit to android
device
7. The device is safe for the user
In Table 5-4, each performance from the form would be rate having 5 Strongly Agree, 4 Agree, 3
Undecided, 2 Disagree and 1 Strongly Disagree. The client would fill-up the information to support the
test evaluation table and put a check () on the rate of performance that has been chosen.
Figure 5.4 shows the evaluation result from the survey. Based on the clients, 5 out of 10 agreed that the
device would be helpful for the production of honeys.
50
The device is helpful to the user

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Undecided
Agree
Strongly Agree
10%
20%
10%
10%
50%
Figure 5.4 The device was helpful to the user

Figure 5.6 shows the result to the statement regarding the accuracy result of the prototype. 6 out 10 have
strongly agreed that the prototype could produce an accurate result while 3 out 10 had agreed and only 1
had disagreed.
The device can generate accurate results

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Undecided
10%
60%
30%
Figure 5.6 The device can generate accurate results
Figure 5.7 shows the result whether the prototype was affordable for the users. 7 out of 10 had strongly
agreed that the prototype was affordable and that was due to the components used for the completion of
the prototype.
51
The device is affordable

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Undecided
10%
20%
70%
Figure 5.7 The device is affordable

Figure 5.8 represents the result with regards to the usage of the prototype. 6 out of 10 had strongly agreed
that the prototype was easier to use due to the procedures provided to them.
The device is easy to use

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Undecided
40%
60%
Figure 5.8 The device is easy to use
Figure 5.9 shows that 4 out of 10 had strongly agreed regarding the easy usage of software. Only 2 out of
10 were undecided and that was because 2 of the client are still not used to android technology.
52
The software is easy to use

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Undecided
Agree
Strongly Agree
20%
40%
40%
Figure 5.9 The software is easy to use
Figure 5.10 show that 4 out of 10 had strongly agreed that the prototype could generate a result to the
android devices. Only 2 out of 10 had been undecided due to the frequency transmission on their area.
The output generated can easily transmit to android device

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Undecided
10%
40%
20%
30%
Figure 5.10 The output generated can easily transmit to android device
Figure 5.11 shows that 8 out of 10 had strongly agreed that the prototype was safe to use for the clients.
This was due to the fact that there are no harmful or hazardous elements on the prototypes content.
53
The device is safe for the user

Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Undecided
20%
80%
Figure 5.11 The device is safe for the user
Conclusion
The designers concluded that based on the trials of testing result made, the objective was met. The
designers were able to complete the design considering the codes and engineering standards, multiple
constraints and tradeoffs.
To iterate, the designers had taken consideration of the computation and decision made in trade-offs in
order to come up with a good design. Among the multiple constraints that was used for the completion of
the design were economics, manufacturability and sustainability. In the final design, considering the
availability and sustainability of the material, the designers used load cell for measuring the weight of the
honey inside the beehive. Another benefit of the material used was that, load cell was second place among
the three designs when it comes to cost. The designers used the standard house of the bees which was
plywood.
A Bluetooth was also used for the communication of the prototype and Android device. This device was
used so that the data gathered from the sensors inside the beehive would display on the Android device of
the user using the Android Application. Lastly, the designers were able to suffice the objective which was
the accuracy. The designers conducted three trials to test the accuracy of the prototype and by using
another device that provides the actual measurement for the temperature, humidity and weight.
REFERENCES
54
Boylelstad, R. (2002). Electronics, Devices and Circuits Theory. In R. B. Nashelsky,

Electronics, Devices and Circuits Theory. Prentice Hall, 2002.
Central, e.-G. M. (n.d.). Load Cell (Weight) Sensor, Temperature Sensor & Controller.
Retrieved from http://www.e-gizmo.com/KIT/images/temperaturecontroller/temp
%20and%20weight%20sensor.pdf
IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth Standard. (2013, Aug-Sept). Retrieved from Janmagnet
Files: http://janmagnet.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/comparison-ieee-802standards.pdf
Inc., S. D. (n.d.). Force and Torque Calibration Laboratory. Retrieved from
http://www.sendev.com/products-and-services/force-and-torque-calibrations
Input-Process-Output. (nd). Retrieved from Wikipedia: www.wikipedia.com/InputProcess-Output.html
Kendall, K. &. (2011, 2008, 2005). System Analysis Design 8th edition. Pearson
Education.
Otto, K. N. (1991). Trade-off strategies in engineering design. In K. N. Otto, Research
in Engineering Design (pp. volume 3, number 2, pages 87-104.).
Technology, I. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.ieeeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp
55
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Bluetooth Shield
56
APPENDIX A
Bluetooth Shield
57
58
APPENDIX B
Load Cell (Weight) Sensor
59
APPENDIX B
Load Cell (Weight) Sensor, Temperature

Sensor & Controller (e-Gizmo)
e-Gizmo Programmable load cell controller with digital
comparator output. Accepts wide range of load
cells.
Easy calibra!on procedure. 11 bits conversion.
Serial
output facilitates communica!ons with host
controllers.
RS-232 level serial output available as an op!on.
Power input:12V
Hardware Manual Rev 1r0
e-Gizmo Programmable temperature controller

with
digital comparator output. 0-100 C temperature
range
with the use of LM35D as temperature sensor.
RS-232
level serial output available as an op!on.
Power input:12V
As of those many weighing gadgets, e-Gizmo

load
cell (weight) sensor and controller is one of the most
easy scale calibra!ng menu configura!on and it is
programmable!, Its load cell connec!on pins enables
you to change the load cells amount. There is
no need to worry about looking for different load
cell amounts. They can be bought at all mechatronix
shops like e-gizmo.
e-Gizmo Programmable temperature controller with
digital comparator output. 0-100 C temperature range
60
with the use of LM35D as temperature

sensor. RS-232
level serial output available as an op!on.
Power input:12V
As of those many weighing gadgets, eGizmo load

cell (weight) sensor and controller is one of
the most
easy scale calibra!ng menu configura!on
and it is
programmable!, Its load cell connec!on pins
enables
you to change the load cells amount.
There is
no need to worry about looking for different
load
cell amounts. They can be bought at all
mechatronix
shops like e-gizmo.
Like the load cell (weight) sensor and
controller, a
temperature sensor and controller is also one of the
most accurate temperature sensors, its programmable
controller enables you to change the conversion
se%ngs depending on the code that you upload.
But it has the default program that senses 0C (Cen!grade).
61
62
APPENDIX C
ATMega328 Specification
APPENDIX C
The high-performance Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32KB ISP
flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1KB EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general
purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with
compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byteoriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channels
in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator,
and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5
volts.
Operating Voltage: 1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
Temperature Range: 40C to 85C
Speed Grade:0 - 20 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V
Peripheral Features: Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Presales and Compare
Mode, Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator, Six PWM Channels, 8-channel 10-bit
ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package Temperature Measurement, 6-channel 10-bit ADC in
PDIP Package Temperature Measurement
Special Microcontroller Features: Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out
Detection, Internal Calibrated Oscillator, External and Internal Interrupt Sources, Six Sleep
Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby, and Extended
Standby
Speed Grade: 0 - 20 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V
63
64
APPENDIX D
Image Result
APPENDIX D
Hardware & Software Images:
Weight Image Result:
65
Temperature Image Result:
Humidity Image Result:
66
67
APPENDIX E
Computation Testing
APPENDIX E
68
Calculation for table 5-1:

For Temperature Sensor:
1st trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
23 C
x 100
24 C
%Accuracy=95.83
2nd trial
%Accuracy=
%Accurac=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
23 C
x 100
23.3 C
%Accuracy=98.71
3rd trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
30 C
x 100
30.5 C
%Accuracy=98.36
For Humidity Sensor:
69
1st trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
52
x 100
52
%Accuracy=100
2nd trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
53
x 100
55
%Accuracy=96.36
3rd trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
51
x 100
53
%Accuracy=96.22
For Weight Sensor:

70
1st trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
14 g
x 100
14 g
%Accuracy=100
2nd trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
950 g
x 100
1000 g
%Accuracy=95
3rd trial
%Accuracy=
Measured Value
x 100
Actual Value
%Accurac=
74 g
x 100
75 g
%Accuracy=98.66
71

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Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology

ENGR. RONNIE M. DYSANGCO

ENGR. ARIEL E. ISIDRO

ENGR. MARIA CECILIA A. VENAL

To design a prototype that could monitor the beehive temperature

The manufacturability of the components would be highly affected

3-1982 - IEEE Recommended

The designers considered the standard during the measurement of

ASTM E 74-02 American Society

IEEE standard 802.15.1 for

IEEE standards for In-System

Figure 4.2 Subordinate ranking of Torque sensor in economic cost..............................................................37

American Society for Testing Materials

Design of Automated Beehive with Android Technology....................................................................................i

Monitor the ambient temperature and humidity inside of the beehive.

Figure 1.1 Project Developments

Identify the Problem:

Testing and Debugging

Java Programming. Java is a computer programming language. It enables programmers to write

Knowledge in the following courses:

PROJECT/ SYSTEM DESIGN

Monitoring the temperature

Testing and Evaluation of

Figure 3.1 Input-Process-Output

Figure 3.2 System Flowchart

Figure 3.3 Illustrative Diagram

PIC Microcontroller: A programmable microcontroller made by Microchip Technology. It can

Figure 3.4 (a) Automated Beehive

Figure 3.4 (b) Load cell sensor

Specifications and Cost of Materials

Thickness 0.203 mm (0.008 in.)

Design 2: Using Torque Sensor

Figure 3.6(a) Automated Beehive Design 2

Figure 3.6(b) Torque Sensor

to get the resistance that the microcontroller is

Specifications and Cost of Materials

Figure 3.8.(a) Automated Beehive Design 3

Figure 3.8.(b) Touch Sensor

Specifications and Cost of Materials

Figure 3.10 Graphical User Interface Design

Figure 3.11 Graphical User Interface Design Phases 2

Figure 3.12 Software Development Life Cycles

Figure 3.13 Data Flow Diagram

(Higher ValueLower Value)

Subordinate Rank=Governing Rank( %Difference ) x 10

Able to satisfy the criterion

Sustainability (Life Span)

Reference: (Otto, 1991)

( Load CellTouch Sensor )

Subordinate Rank=Governing Rank( %difference ) x 10

Figure 4.1 Subordinate ranking of Load cell in economic cost

Torque Sensor Load cell

Subordinate Rank=Governing Rank( %difference ) x 10

Figure 4.2 Subordinate ranking of Torque sensor in economic cost

( Torque sensor availabilityLoad cell availability )

Subordinate Rank=Governing Rank( %difference ) x 10

Figure 4.3 Subordinate ranking of Load cell sensor in manufacturability

( Touchsensor availabilityLoad cell availability )

Subordinate Rank=Governing Rank( %difference ) x 10

Figure 4.4 Subordinate ranking of Touch sensor in manufacturability

Design 1 (Load Cell)

( Higher valueLower value )

Figure 4.5 Subordinate ranking of Load cell based on sustainability