Rohit Kumar

Implementation Structure

CENTRAL LEVEL:
- There is a Governing Council with Prime Minister as its Chairman and Minister of Human
Resource Development (HRD) as its Vice Chairman.
- Governing Council also consist of Minister of State(MoS) HRD, Women and Child Development,
Social and Justice Empowerment, Tribal Affairs, Rural Development, Minority affairs, Panchayati
Raj, Youth Affairs & Sports and DoNER (Development of North Eastern region)
- Other 46 members includes seven senior level political leaders of National parties, three members
of Parliament, six education ministers of state, six representatives of teachers and teacher union,
five eminent people from the field of education, six person from NGOs, three from women
organizations and three from SC/STs. Seven members from NCERT, NUEPA, CSIR, NCTE,
NLM and two secretaries are ex-officio members.
- SSA also has an Executive Council consisting secretary level official of various ministers and
bodies mentioned earlier, seven non official comprising NGOS, women representatives,
educationists etc, education secretaries of four states and Joint Secretary of Elementary Education,
SSA
STATE LEVEL
- The State Implementation Society (SIS) consists of a Governing Body headed by Chief Minister,
Executive Body headed by Chief Secretary and a State Project Office headed by Mission Director.
- The Governing Council and Executive body replicate the similar structure of Central level bodies.
- A State Project Director oversees the implementation of SSA at State level with one Executive
Director/Commissioner of Education, two Associate Mission Director, one Chief Accounts officer
and other staff.
DISTRICT LEVEL
- There is a District Working Group called as District Level Implementation Authority headed by
Deputy Commissioner of District and assisted by District Elementary Officer as District
Coordinator, Programme Officer, Finance and Accounts Officer with other representative
members of the city
BLOCK LEVEL
- Block level Structures are headed by President of Gram Panchayats and Block Development
Officers and Block Elementary Education Officers (BEEOs),
- There are Village Education Committees (VEC) headed by Village President/Panchayat and has
headmasters, heads of Parent/Teacher Association and community representatives.

Review: SSA has a Joint Review Mission (JRM) that reviews the project every six months with its development
partners, namely World Bank, DFID and European Commission.
Funding
Funding of SSA is done in the ratio of 65:35 with Central Government paying 65% of funds while State
government paying 35% of the funds required under the programme except for the North Eastern states where
the pattern is 90:10.
Challenges and Issues
Enrolment: SSA had an objective to reach universal enrolment of all the children by the end of 2005. Even at
present, the enrolment rate is 96.5 %. Though this rate is almost universal but there are still 3.5% children (in
age group 6-14). Even till 2011-12 (after five years of targeted goal year), Gross Enrolment ratio was 95.57%
The Transition rate from lower primary to upper primary stage was 89.6 % in 2013-14 (U-DISE, NUEPA). This
goal of universal retention was to be fulfilled by 2010 which SSA was not able to accomplish.
Gross Enrolment for Secondary School in 76.5% which exhibits an upward trend in drop-outs as the child go up
the ladder of education.
(Source: Annexure I, Question 253 (LS Starred) answered on 17.12.2014)
Quality of Education

Rohit Kumar
Teacher Vacancy and Salary: Against 19.84 lakh post sanctioned for teachers under SSA, 15.06 lakh posts have
been reportedly filled by the end March 2015. Moreover out of sanctioned 3.1 lakh schools, 2.81 lakh schools
have been completed.
(Parliamentary Question (Unstarred) 1587 as answered on 04.03.2015,
http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/QResult16.aspx?qref=13347)
Teacher Pupil Ratio: According to RTE Act for lower primary 30:1and upper primary 35.1 should be the ideal
ratio. Solely on the basis of regular sanctioned post, the present ratio turns out to be 127:1 which is way below
the ideal ratio.
Survey Reports: The level of quality of education under SSA is measured periodically by NCERT. The last
round of survey completed in 2013 shows dismal level of performance on Response Test. Latest in the series of
report in ASER Report, as quoted in Economic Survey of India
National Assessment Survey (2013) by NCERT indicates till Class III
-

65% students were able to listen to passage, 86% were able to recognize words and 59% were able
to interpret meaning in a Language Comprehension Test
Overall National Score in Language Test was 257 on a scale of 500 with 15 states significantly
below the average in tests.
While Overall National Score for Mathematics was 252/500 with 12 states accorded below the
average status.

ASER 2014 Survey indicates that 48.1 % children of Class 5 were not able to read a Class 2 text.
Funding Issues:
Data on the Central Releases and Expenditure
(Rs. in Crore)
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15#
Central
Releases
Expenditure

20775

23837

24735

20463

37834

44087

39947

26792

As it is visible, the expenditure for the scheme is reducing every financial year and the expenditure is much
more than what the state share is, resulting in deficit. This results in pending of salaries of teachers and other
employees and halts the developmental works.
Source: Parliamentary Question 123, answered on 04.03.2015
(http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/QResult16.aspx?qref=13225)
Financial Irregularities:
There have been complaints regarding financial irregularities on state level. For instance: Complaint about MisProcurement of Books in Jharkhand involved Rs. 99.02 crores while in Punjab it was Rs. 41.68 lakh. There are
complaints in embezzlement of funds in the state of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan totalling to Rs. 2 crores
(approx) with Odisha reporting a fraudulent withdrawal of Rs. 4 crores and two other states having similar
complaints in last three years (2012-14)
Social and Gender Inclusion:
-

There is a sizeable reduction in the number of students last year under Home based Education for
Disabled Children
128540 (2014-15), 206713 (2013-14), 154345 (2012-13) and 152248 (2011-12)

Moreover only 1.42 lakh schools (79.78%) have been provided with barrier free access for children with special
needs.

Rohit Kumar
-

The estimation of out of school children in 2013-14 was 22 lakh.

GER (Gross Enrolment Ratio) increase for boys (19.6%) in upper primary schools is much lesser
than girls (42.6%). It is partially due to girls catching up with boys in enrolment number and
partially due to higher drop-out rates in case of boys.
Among ST Children, GER for boys declined by 2.5% in primary education in the period of 10
years of programme.
In primary education and upper primary education, there is a marginal decrease in gender parity in
last one year

Reference:
Annual Report 2014-14, Department of School Education and Literacy

(http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/document-reports/AR2013-14.pdf)
Annual Report, Education for All, District Information System for Education, 2014
(http://www.dise.in/Downloads/education-foe-all-in-india-2014-review.pdf)