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x or * or times
multiplication
(to multiply)
multiplicand multiplier
7
3
=
or
or :
divided by
Example:
4 / 2 or 4 2 or 4 : 2
product
21
sum
10
Example:
6 - 4
minus
or 5 3
5 * 3
Example:
2 + 2
plus
Example:
5 x 3 or
difference
7
dividend
divisor
quotient
20
:
2
=
10
1 2
Example:
2 + 2 = 4
set
collection of items
symbol: { }
members of a set are called elements
{ 2, 4, 6, 8 } There are 4 elements in this set
Venn diagram
is not equal to
Example:
12 15
<
is less than
Example:
7 < 10
>
is greater than
Example:
12 > 8
Example:
4 + 1 6
Example:
5 + 7 10
whole numbers
integers
fraction
Example:
1
2
rationals
one half
3
4
numerator
denominator
Example:
1
1
1 =1+
2
2
One and one half
1
3
one third
Example:
1
1
3 = 3+
3
3
Three and one third
1
1
, 0.5, = 0.142857142857... , ...
4
7
irrationals
1
4
one quarter
Example:
1
1
=2+
4
4
Two and one quarter
2
5 2 5
,
,
9 3 6
five ninths, two thirds,
five sixths
Example:
2
2
=4+
3
3
Four and two thirds
4
5
30
proper fraction
factor
4
Example:
5
improper
fraction
mixed number
5
4
Example: 2 = 2 +
1
5
equivalent
fractions
reduce
Example:
Example:
power of (number)
proper factor
composite
1 4 5
= =
2 8 10
12 4
=
15 5
104
Index
(exponent)
Expanded
Value
Base number
32
three squared or
three to the power of two
33
53
five cubed or
five to the power of three
555
125
25
22222
32
104
10101010
10 000
factorise
square number
12 = 4 3
prime
factorisation
12 = 2 2 3 = 22 3
greatest
common
factor or
divisor (GCF)
least common
multiple
(LCM)
53 = 125
10
square root of
a number
cube root of a
number
sequence
9 = 3 33 = 32 = 9
Examples:
5, 9, 13, 17, 21, are the first five
terms of a sequence that goes up in 4s
3, 6, 12, 24, 48, are the first five
terms of a sequence that doubles
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, is the sequence of
square numbers
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, is the sequence of
cube numbers
If you work out the pattern, you can work out the next numbers in
the sequence. Below are some examples:
a) The rule is to add 6 each time
11
12
even number
odd number
13