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MATH VOCABULARY FOR BASIC CALCULATIONS

x or * or times

multiplication
(to multiply)

Two plus two


add, addition

multiplicand multiplier
7

3
=

or

or :

divided by

division (to divide)

to take one quantity away from another


minuend
subtrahend
10
3
=

Example:
4 / 2 or 4 2 or 4 : 2

four divided by two

Six minus four


Subtraction,
subtract

product
21

seven times three is twenty-one


(or seven multiplied by three is/makes
twenty-one)

sum
10

Example:
6 - 4

minus

or 5 3

a mathematical operation where a


number is added to itself a number of
times

to join two o more numbers (or


quantities) to get one number (called the
sum or total)
addend
addend
3
+
7
=

5 * 3

Five times three

Example:
2 + 2

plus

Example:
5 x 3 or

sharing o grouping a number into


equal parts

difference
7

dividend
divisor
quotient
20
:
2
=
10

There are several ways of expressing subtraction:

remainder: amount left over after dividing a number.


9 4

Ten deduct three = seven


Ten subtract three = seven
Ten take away three = seven
Ten minus three = seven
Ten less three = seven
or the difference between ten and three.

1 2

r: remainder left over


divisible: can be divided without a remainder.
e.g. 20 is divisible by 2 and 10

They all mean the same thing: 10 3 = 7

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factor (divisor): a number that divides exactly into another


number.
e.g. 2 and 10 are factors of 20
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equals (is equal to)

Example:
2 + 2 = 4

set

collection of items
symbol: { }
members of a set are called elements
{ 2, 4, 6, 8 } There are 4 elements in this set

Venn diagram

a diagram using circles or other shapes to


show the relationship between sets

Two plus two equals four


(or two plus two is equal to
four)

is not equal to

Example:
12 15

Twelve is not equal to


fifteen

<

is less than

Example:
7 < 10

Seven is less than ten

>

is greater than

Example:
12 > 8

Twelve is greater than eight

is less than or equal to

Example:
4 + 1 6

Four plus one is less than or


equal to six

is greater than or equal to

Example:
5 + 7 10

Five plus seven is greater


than or equal to ten

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Mathematics ESO. IES Don Bosco (Albacete). European Section

Real numbers may be classified as:


natural numbers

whole numbers

integers

fraction

counting numbers from one to infinity


1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...

Example:

counting numbers from zero to infinity


0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...

1
2

positive numbers and negative numbers and


zero, but not fractions or decimals
..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

rationals

one half

3
4

numerator
denominator

Example:

1
1
1 =1+
2
2
One and one half

1
3

integers, fractions, terminating and


repeating decimals
..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

one third

Example:

1
1
3 = 3+
3
3
Three and one third

1
1
, 0.5, = 0.142857142857... , ...
4
7

irrationals

any part of a group, number or whole

1
4

non-terminating and non-repeating decimals


= 3.14159295359... , 2 = 1.414213... ,
2.010010001... , ...

one quarter

Example:

1
1
=2+
4
4
Two and one quarter
2

5 2 5
,
,
9 3 6
five ninths, two thirds,
five sixths

Example:

2
2
=4+
3
3
Four and two thirds
4

(Read the top number as a


cardinal number, followed by
the ordinal number + s )

5
30

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five over thirty

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proper fraction

numerator is less than the denominator.

factor

a whole number that divides exactly into


another number
a whole number that multiplies with
another number to make a third number

4
Example:
5

improper
fraction

numerator is greater than or equal to


denominator.
Example:

mixed number

5
4

whole number and a fraction.


1
5

Example: 2 = 2 +

1
5

equivalent
fractions

fractions that represent the same number.

reduce

we reduce a fraction by finding an equivalent


fraction in which the numerator and
denominator are as small as possible.

Example:

Example:

power of (number)

proper factor

all the factors of a number except 1 and the


number itself

composite

a number with more than two factors


Example: 12 is a composite number

1 4 5
= =
2 8 10

The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12


prime number

12 4
=
15 5

number that has exactly two factors


number that can only be divided by itself
and one
Example: 2 is a prime number
Note: 1 is not a prime number. It only has one
factor (1), not two.

the number of times a base number is


multiplied by itself
prime factor

a factor that is also a prime number

104
Index
(exponent)

Example: 5 is a prime factor of 30


Read as

Expanded

Value

Base number

32

three squared or
three to the power of two

33

53

five cubed or
five to the power of three

555

125

25

two to the power of five

22222

32

104

ten to the power of four

10101010

10 000

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factorise

to write a number as a product of its factors

square number

12 = 4 3

prime
factorisation

to write a number as a product of its prime


factors

Example: 9 is a square number because 9 = 32

12 = 2 2 3 = 22 3

greatest
common
factor or
divisor (GCF)

the biggest number that will divide two or


more other numbers exactly

least common
multiple
(LCM)

the smallest number that is the multiple of two


or more other numbers

a number that results from multiplying


another number by itself

A square number can be represented in the


shape of a square.

Example: the greatest common factor of


30, 45 and 60 is 15
cube number

Example: the least common multiple of


3, 4 and 6 is 12

a number that results from multiplying


another number three times by itself
Example: 125 is a cube number because
125 = 53
A cubed number can be represented in the
shape of a cube.

53 = 125

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Mathematics ESO. IES Don Bosco (Albacete). European Section

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square root of
a number

a number when multiplied by itself gives the


original number
Example:

cube root of a
number

sequence

9 = 3 33 = 32 = 9

Examples:
5, 9, 13, 17, 21, are the first five
terms of a sequence that goes up in 4s
3, 6, 12, 24, 48, are the first five
terms of a sequence that doubles
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, is the sequence of
square numbers
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, is the sequence of
cube numbers

one of three identical factors of a number


that is the product of those factors
Example:

A sequence is a set of numbers that follow a


pattern.

125 = 5 555 = 53 = 125

If you work out the pattern, you can work out the next numbers in
the sequence. Below are some examples:
a) The rule is to add 6 each time

So the next numbers would be 27 + 6 = 33


b) The rule is to multiply by 3 each time

So the next numbers would be 54 3 = 162

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even number

a number that is divisible by 2


Example: 3788
Even numbers end with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0
The sequence of even numbers is:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and so on

odd number

a number that is not divisible by 2


Example: 4399
Odd numbers end with 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9
The sequence of odd numbers is:
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and so on

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