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Left: Balanced form reinforces tectonic stability, Woolworth Building, New York City,
1913, 792 feet or 241 meters.
Right: Cantilevered form generates anxiety, Giant Underpants Building, Beijing, 2008,
768 feet or 234 meters.
Drawing by Nikos Salingaros
Here are the major factors that contribute to the biophilic effect experienced
by human beings. Strictly speaking, our craving for natural light is properly
termed photophilia, and that for natural environments topophilia.
Nevertheless, it is useful to include all of these physiological responses
under the broader term biophilia (Mehaffy & Salingaros, 2015; Ryan et al.,
2014).
1.
Fractals show structure at every successive magnification. The more perfect fractals are
self-similar.
Drawing by Nikos Salingaros
Complex details (implying that the details themselves have substructure) are vital for
meaningful information exchange.
Drawing by Nikos Salingaros
elements, and not just mimic some organic form. Thats not enough.
Taking the above eight points as a rough design checklist for biophilic
properties, we can generate criteria for evaluating the health-inducing
aspects of architecture, built and unbuilt.
Readings:
Michael W. Mehaffy & Nikos A. Salingaros (2015) Design for a Living
Planet: Settlement, Science, and the Human Future, Sustasis Press,
Portland, Oregon and Vajra Books, Kathmandu, Nepal. Chapter 12
Biophilia originally appeared in Metropolis, November 2011, available
online HERE.
Catherine O. Ryan, W. D. Browning, J. O. Clancy, S. L. Andrews & N. B.
Kallianpurkar (2014) Biophilic Design Patterns: Emerging Nature-Based
Parameters for Health and Well-Being in the Built Environment, ArchnetIJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, Volume 8, Issue 2,
pages 62-76.
Nikos A. Salingaros (2006) A Theory of Architecture, Umbau-Verlag,
Solingen, Germany; reprinted 2014, Sustasis Press, Portland, Oregon and
Vajra Books, Kathmandu, Nepal. Chapter 4 The Sensory Value of
Ornament originally appeared in Communication & Cognition, Volume 36,
No. 3-4 (2003), pages 331-351.
Nikos A. Salingaros (2012) Fractal Art and Architecture Reduce
Physiological Stress, JBU Journal of Biourbanism, Volume II, No. 2,
pages 11-28. Reprinted as Chapter 26 of Nikos A. Salingaros