Chapter 10

CHAPTER 10
HISPANIC AMERICANS
CHAPTER OUTLINE
The In-Between Status of Hispanics
Manner of Entry
Hispanic Americans and Race
The Development of the Latino Minority
Mexican Americans
Conquest of Mexico
Mexican Immigration
The Chicano Movement and the Development of Ethnic Consciousness
Puerto Ricans in the United States
Cubans in the United States
Hispanic-American Demographics Today
Population Trends
Geographic Trends
Mexican Americans
Puerto Ricans
Cuban Americans
Central and South American and Caribbean Groups
Latinos in the Class System
Socioeconomic Status
Income and Wealth
Occupation
Education
Cubans: A Special Case
Latinos and Political Power
Mexican Americans
Puerto Ricans
Cuban Americans
The Outlook for Latino Political Power
Economic Power
Prejudice and Discrimination
Hispanic Stereotypes
Mexican Americans
Puerto Ricans
Cubans
Discriminatory Actions
Police Relations
Residential Segregation
Hispanic American Assimilation
Patterns of Assimilation
Cultural Assimilation
Secondary Structural Assimilation
Primary Structural Assimilation
Internal Colonialism and Hispanic Americans

Hispanic Americans

Assimilation versus Pluralism: An Assessment

Summary

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Hispanic Americans make up about _____ percent of the U.S. population.
a. 2
---b. 13 ??? book says 15
c. 27
d. 32
2. Mexican Americans came into the U.S. in all of the following ways, except
a. absorbed.
b. voluntary migrants.
---c. slavery.
d. annexation.
3. In both Mexico and Puerto Rico, racial distinctiveness are more often a function of
---a. class.
b. kinship.
c. appearance.
d. language.
4. Most Cubans in the United States fall into the racial category of
a. black.
---b. white.
c. Mexican.
d. Hispanic.
5. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave
a. U.S. immigration of South Americans its start.
---b. Mexicans in Texas U.S. citizenship.
c. Political amnesty to Mexican War criminals.
d. Mexico to America.
6. __________ of the American southwest drove Mexican immigration to the U.S.
---a. Labor needs
b. Warfare
c. United States poverty
d. excess population
7.

The most prominent leader of the Chicano movement of the 1960s and early 1970s was
a. Federico Pea.
b. Henry Cisneros.
c. Jos Mart.
---d. Cesar Chavez.

8. Which of the following approaches was more openly militant?

---a. Reies Lopez Tijerinas
b. Cesar Chevezs.

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c. VFWs.
d. UFWs.
9. Chicanismos goal was to
a. avoid mistakes made by Red and Black Power groups.
b. join in the civil rights changes of the day.
---c. galvanize Mexican-American political action.
d. galvanize Mexican-American Labor.
10. Puerto Ricans are different from other Hispanic groups in that they
---a. are already U.S. citizens before they immigrate.
b. are more occupationally skilled prior to immigration.
c. are not concentrated in any particular region.
d. have little trouble adapting to American schools
11. Marielitos had all of the following characteristics, except
a. lower social class than other Cuban immigrants.
b. black or mullatto.
c. deep Puerto Rican roots.
---d. came in second (boat) wave.
12. Hispanic Americans
---a. view themselves as part of a cohesive Hispanic-American ethnic group.
b. are rapidly growing and relatively young compared to other groups.
c. do not view themselves as part of American society as much as their society of origin.
d. do not seem to be moving along an assimilation path.
13. Among Hispanic-American groups, which displays the lowest collective class position?
---a. Mexicans
b. Puerto Ricans
c. Cubans
d. Central and South Americans
14. Which is higher for Hispanic-Americans than for non-Hispanic whites?
a. Median family income.
---b. Percent of families among the rich.
c. Percent unemployed
d. Disproportionately college graduates.
15.

That group which seems most likely to duplicate the socioeconomic mobility patterns of EuroAmerican groups is
a. Mexican Americans.
b. Puerto Ricans.
c. Cuban Americans.
---d. African Americans.

16. Hispanics in general have a

---a. lower educational level.
b. higher educational level.
c. lower poverty rate.
d. higher skilled labor pattern.

Hispanic Americans

17. Mexican-American and Puerto Rican immigrants compete most with __________.
a. Native Americans
b. Asians
c. Whites
---d. African Americans
18. Cubans in the U.S. differ radically from other Hispanics in
a. geographic origin.
b. culture.
c. language.
---d. social origins.
19. Latino political power has been
a. national.
---b. local and state.
c. at every level.
d. international.
20. Which group constitutes the potentially most significant political force among Hispanics?
a. Dominicans.
---b. Mexican-Americans.
c. Cubans.
d. Puerto Ricans.
21. Puerto Ricans have strongest political influence in
a. San Francisco.
b. Atlanta.
---c. Miami.
d. New York.
22. All of the following contributed to negative Mexican-American stereotypes, except
a. land battles.
---b. Mexican ideals of superiority.
c. interethnic competition.
d. Texas values.
23. Who waged a virulent anti-Mexican campaign that lead to the 1940 Zoot Suit Riot?
a. Governor Boggs.
b. Mayor Little.
---c. Los Angeles Press.
d. San Diego white workers union.
24. Regarding residential segregation among Hispanics, which is correct?
---a. The degree of Mexican segregation from Anglos is, in most cities, as great as that of blacks from
whites.
b. Hispanics are more concentrated in central cities than blacks.
c. As social class rises, residential segregation declines for blacks, but increases for Hispanics.
d. Puerto Ricans are highly segregated from whites and show no decline in segregation as social class
rises.

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25. Which group has had the most assimilation?

a. Mexicans-Americans of Wyoming.
b. Puerto Ricans of New Jersey.
---c. Hispanos of New Mexico.
d. Cubans of Washington.
26. Most Hispanics
---a. speak Spanish only.
b. speak English.
c. speak English only.
d. reject the idea of learning English.
27. Which group has more effectively assimilated at the secondary structural level?
a. Mexican-Americans.
b. Dominicans.
---c. Puerto ricans.
d. Cubans.
28. Hispanic marital assimilation
a. has declined.
b. never really started.
---c. is increasing.
d. is static.
29. The idea of internal colonialism is most applicable to
a. Dominicans in the Southeast.
b. Haitians in the Northeast.
---c. Mexican Americans in the Southwest.
d. Cubans in the Northwest.
30. Some analysts argue that Hispanics may be following the general pattern of assimilation followed
earlier by
a. African Americans.
b. American Indians.
---c. Euro-Americans.
d. Jewish Americans.