SUBJECT: C203 COG-ADVANCE ANTHROPOLOGY

REPORTER: LUCILLE GACUTAN ARAMBURO

TOPIC: THE WORLD SYSTEM: INDUSTRIALIZATION, STRATIFICATION, AND PEACE AND
ORDER (ECONOMIC SYSTEMS; PERSONALITY & WORLD VIEW; DEVELOPMENT AND
SOCIAL CHANGE; FUNDAMENTALISM)
Lesson Outcome/Objective: Describe world system with focus on industrialization, stratification,
and peace and order
'Industrialization' The process in which a society or country transforms itself from a primarily
agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.
Stratification (pagsasapin-sapin) state of being divided into social classes or many layers.
Social Stratification is a societys categorization of peopleinto socioeconomic strata, based
upon their occupation and income, wealthandsocial status, or derived power; distinguished as
three social classes: Upper class; Middle class; lower
ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Types of Economic systems

Market Economy - In a market economy individuals rather than governments make most economic
decisions: Capitalism - private ownership of capital; Laissez-faire - governmental noninterference in
economic affairs
Command Economy - In a command economy the visible hand of the state supersedes the invisible
hand of individuals: Government - owns and controls resources, determines prices

Communism a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a
society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to
their abilities and needs

Mixed Economy Most economies are mixed economies fall between market and command
economies

Socialism regulate economic activity with a focus on social equality and a fair distribution of
wealth

PERSONALITY, pattern of behavior that is distinctive for each individual.

Types of personality

Personality is formed through the process of enculturation and is develop as a result of transmission of
the culture of society. Societys culture influences the individuals behavior.

WORLD VIEW /CULTURE

CULTURE, defines the nature of the society, ideas, norms and values

My culture is my identity and personality. It gives me spiritual intellectual and emotional distinction
from other, and I am proud of it. (M.F. Morzajer)

DEVELOPMENT, improvement in human welfare, quality of life, social wellbeing. Satisfying the
populations needs and wants measured using a range of socio-economic indicators.
Development and social change are mostly dependent upon economic growth of a country
because man is social as well as economic being.
Man by his nature is mostly economic and less social. His materialistic attitudes and economic
activities make him a social being. He accepts changes fast and is by nature dynamic.
Many factors compelled man to bring change in his social environment from simple to the most
complex thru Modernization, the application of modern science to human affairs.
Examples of modernization:
a. Agriculture subsistence to commercial farming
b. Human and animal power become less important because of industrialization
c. Urbanization became an accelerating process.
With modernization comes a decline in small, socially cohesive, tradition-oriented communities.
Modernization stimulates the diversification of beliefs

SOCIAL CHANGE, refers to an alteration in the social order of a society, which may include changes
in nature, social institutions, social behaviors, social relations, cultural symbols, rules of behavior, social
organization or value systems
Ex. Structural functionalism, the existence of institutions that determines social behavior,
because of their interrelated nature, a change in one institution will affect other institutions.
Change by diffusion- cause the loss of natural resources or widespread of disease
Technological change (industrial revolution)

FUNDAMENTALISM, a conservative movement in theology / form of religion, especially Islam or

Protestant Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture; a strict
adherence to the basic principles of any subject or discipline.
Argue- against the theory of evolution.
Types:
a. Religious fundamentalism
b. Market fundamentalism (Free Market) a strong belief of FREE MARKET policies to
solve most economic and social problems; believes on the greatest possible equity and
prosperity, that any interference with the market process decreases social well being.
Beliefs: the best interests in a given society are achieved by allowing its participants to pursue
their own financial self-interest with no restraints or regulatory oversight.
CRITICS: individual has no protection against fraud nor harm caused by products that
maximize income by imposing externalities on the individual consumer as well as society.
Adherers: billionaires, economists
Effects of Fundamentalism:
1. terrorist activities and violence spread
2. present a genuine danger to the stability of the government.
3. tireless struggle to subvert the government authority by exploiting democratic process,
thru terrorism.
Fundamentalism is the death of capitalism, and a threat to the society.
There are no forcer on this planet more dangerous to us all than the fanaticism of
fundamentalism, of all species: Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism,
as well as countless smaller infections (Daniel Dennett)