qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis

qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis

perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 256-259

nato niqabaZe,
ekaterine kaxiZe

grigol giorgis Ze veSapeli/veSapiZe

(1891-1926)

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mSeneblobis dRevandel etapze, demokratiisa da

sajaroobis pirobebSi SesaZlebeli xdeba, Cveni Tanamemamuleebis, gamoCenil erovnul
da politikur moRvaweTa saxelebis dabruneba. Cveni valia SevavsoT saqarTvelos
uaxlesi istoriis `TeTri" laqebi, ar davuSvaT istoriuli sinamdvilis
falsifikacia, daviwyebis sqeli safari movaSoroT yvela im moRvawes, romlebic
dRemde CrdilSia moqceuli.
pirovneba, romelzedac gvinda SevaCeroT yuradReba, uaRresad aqtiur rols
asrulebda qarTul sazogadoebriv-politikur sarbielze.
grigol giorgis Ze veSapeli (veSapiZe) daibada 1891 wels sofel sairxeSi,
Sorapnis mazraSi (dRevand. saCxeris raioni). marTalia, igi Raribi glexis Svili iyo,
magram bavSvobidanve swavlisadmi gamorCeulma survilma SeaZlebina mas, zemo
imereTis am patara soflidan gasuliyo da sazogadoebriv sarbielze warmatebuli
moRvaweobisaTvis Sesaferi ganaTleba mieRo (u. sidamoniZe, 1970, gv. 216).
grigol veSapeli swavlobda quTaisis klasikur gimnaziaSi. igi gamoirCeoda
aqtiurobiTa da kargi swavliT. grigol veSapelma gimnazia warmatebiT daamTavra.
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebelma sazogadoebam gaiTvaliswina niWieri
axalgazrdis Txovna da igi specialuri stipendiiT saswavleblad moskovis
universitetSi gagzavna. msoflio literaturis moyvaruli Wabuki filologiis
fakultetze Cairicxa.
grigol veSapelma jer kidev studentobis wlebSi yuradReba miipyro, rogorc
qarTvel studentTa saTvistomos organizatorma da niWierma publicistma. igi
aqtiurad Caeba 1915 wels daarsebul gazeT `saqarTvelos" publicistur
saqmianobaSi. am organoSi agzavnida da beWdavda yvelaze mwvave da im droisaTvis
aqtualur politikur problemebze. es problemebi qarTveli xalxis erovnul-
ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis Semadgeneli nawili iyo da maT erovnul WrilSi
ganixilavda.
grigol veSapelma jer kidev studentobis wlebSi dawera ramdenime Sroma
rusul da qarTul enebze. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia: `saqarTvelo da lazistani" da
`saqarTvelos SeerTeba ruseTTan" (g. SaraZe, 2001, gv. 223).
saqarTveloSi dabrunebamde axalgazrda filologma gazeT `saqarTvelos"
saxeliT ramdenime RonisZiebaSi miiRo monawileoba, romelic moskovis qarTuli
sazogadoebis iniciativiT gaimarTa. rusi poetis konstantine balmontis
pativsacemad gamarTul banketze grigol veSapelma warmoTqva sityva. Tavis
gamosvlaSi didi madloba gadauxada k. balmonts `vefxistyaosnis" rusul enaze
Targmnisa da didi qarTveli genialuri poetis rusuli sazogadoebisaTvis gacnobis
gamo (gr. veSapeli, 1916).
1916 wels grigol veSapelma moskovis universitetSi swavla daasrula da 1917
wlis Tebervlis burJuaziul-demokratiuli revoluciis gamarjvebis Semdeg
saqarTveloSi dabrunda. sxva qarTvel erovnul moRvaweebTan erTad man aqtiuri
monawileoba miiRo erovnul-demokratiuli partiis saqmianobaSi da am partiis erT-
erTi damaarsebeli da liderTagani gaxda.
erovnul-demokratiuli mimarTulebis fuZemdeblebs TavianT umTavres miznad
saqarTvelos erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena miaCndaT. maTi ideali iyo
erTiani, ganuyofeli mamuli da ara dasebad dapirispirebuli da dayofili
saqarTvelo.
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis Camoyalibebis procesi TiTqmis meoTxedi
saukune grZeldeboda. swored grigol veSapelis samSobloSi dabrunebas daemTxva am
partiis daarseba 1917 wlis ivnisSi. partiis daarsebam axali impulsi SesZina
saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebas. asparezze gamovida erTiani
politikuri organizacia, romlis umTavresi mizani saqarTvelos politikuri
Tavisufleba da erovnuli saxelmwifoeb-riobis aRdgena iyo.
1917 wels grigol veSapeli arCeul iqna amierkavkasiis damoukidebeli
saxelmwifos saTaTbiro organos - seimis wevrad. misi iniciativiTa da aqtiuri
monawileobiT Seiqmna saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo, romlis wevric gaxda grigol
veSapeli. igi yuradRebas iqcevda Tavisi gamosvlebiT erovnul sabWosa da
amierkavkasiis seimSi, rogorc niWieri oratori da saukeTeso publicisti. amitom
iyo, rom mas yvela erovnul saqmeSi didi wili edo. rodesac 1918 wlis 26 maiss
mTavrobis sasaxlis TeTr darbazSi Sekrebil erovnuli sabWos wevrTa da
sazogadoebis winaSe noe Jordaniam damoukideblobis aqti waikiTxa, misi rusuli
varianti grigol veSapelma warmoadgina (d. WumburiZe, 2008, gv. 90).
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg (1918) grigol veSapeli arCeul
iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad - saqarTvelos parlamentis deputatad.
parlamentSi is Sevida, rogorc damoukidebeli nacionalur-demokratiuli partiis
xelmZRvaneli, romlis organo iyo gazeTi `klde".
grigol veSapeli aqtiurad iyo CarTuli saqarTvelos Jurnalistur
saqmianobaSi. 1917 wlidan redaqtorobda erovnul-demokratiuli partiis beWdviT
organos _ `saqarTvelos", 1918-1920 wlebSi gazeT `kldes" (1919 w. gazeTi zogjer
`sali kldis", `pitalo kldis" saxeliT gamodioda), 1920 wels gazeT `nacionalists",
xolo 1920-1921 wlebSi gazeT `miwas". igi rasac akeTebda, yovelTvis gamoirCeoda
saqmisadmi SeupovrobiT da erovnuli problemebisadmi mwvave damokidebulebiT.
grigol veSapelis antirusul ganwyobas da mis erovnul suliskve-Tebas naTlad
adasturebs damoukideblobis meore dResve, 1918 wlis 27 maiss gakeTebuli Jesti:
Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos sxdomaze gamovida Tbilisis qalaqis Tavi xatisovi,
deputatebic umetesad araqarTvelebi iyvnen, amitom samuSao ena rusuli iyo.
rodesac sityvaSi gamosulebma TavianTi azri rusulad warmoTqves, grigol
veSapelma sityva qarTulad warmoTqva. man gaakritika xatisovis gamosvla, romelmac
saqarTvelos damoukideblobas naadrevi uwoda.
grigol veSapelis Seupovari xasiaTi, mtkice nebisyofa, patriotizmi da
humanizmi kargad Cans mis publicistikaSi, romelic uxvad ibeWdeboda 1918-1921 wlebis
qarTul erovnul presaSi. roca 1921 wels saqarTvelo ruseTma daipyro, am viTarebam
Tavzari dasca qarTvel mamuliSvilebs da, ra Tqma unda, grigol veSapels.
imedgacruebuli grigol veSapeli ramdenime Tve baTumSi darCa, ar gahyva
emigraciaSi im mTavrobas, romlis uniaTobasac abralebdnen nawilobriv am did
erovnul marcxs. igi jer stambolSi wavida, Semoiara evropis qveynebi da bolos
parizSi Cavida. eweoda farTo antibolSevikur propagandas rogorc
damoukideblad, ise emigrantul mTavrobasTan erTad. grigol veSapelisaTvis
TandaTanobiT cxadi gaxda social-demokratiuli mTavrobis saqmianobis uSedegoba,
rac upirveles yovlisa gamoixata imaSi, rom maT ver SeZles evropaSi mokavSiris
povna ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. amasTan, grigol veSapeli kategoriuli
winaaRmdegi iyo emigrantuli mTavrobis mier SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis momzadebisa da
ganxorcielebis iseT pirobebSi, roca evropis arc erTi saxelmwifo mxars ar uWerda
saqarTvelos ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. radgan maTTvis es ukanaskneli ufro
mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre saqarTvelo.
1924 wlis ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg grigol veSapeli darwmunda, rom
bolSevikuri reJimis damarcxeba saqarTveloSi SeuZlebeli iyo da antibolSevikur
saqmianobasac niadagi ecleboda. igi sastikad gmobda sisxlisRvris gagrZelebas,
gadaWriT moiTxovda mis dauyovnebliv Sewyvetas da mSvidobiani cxovrebis
damkvidrebas Tavis samSobloSi.
1924 wlis 5 noembers grigol veSapelma parizSi daaarsa gazeTi `axali
saqarTvelo", romelic kategoriulad gamovida im moZraobis winaaRmdeg evropaSi,
rasac awarmoebda social-demokratiuli mTavroba da likvidaciiT emuqreboda am
mTavrobis restavraciis politikas.
grigol veSapeli politikur asparezze meteoriviT gamoCnda da isev Cqara gaqra
usazRvro sivrceSi. xanmokle gamodga misi sicocxle da politikuri moRvaweobac.
metad energiuli, mebrZoli da niWieri pirovneba Tavisi moRvaweobiT miuRebeli
aRmoCnda mowinaRmdegisaTvis, amitom gadawyvites misi fizikuri ganadgureba. grigol
veSapeli 1926 wlis 10 ivniss gansxvavebuli azrisaTvis moklul iqna parizSi. mis
mkvlelobas didi gamoZaxili mohyva rogorc evropaSi, ise sabWoTa saqarTveloSi.
grigol veSapeli dakrZales parizSi, monparnasis sasaflaoze 1926 wlis 14
ivniss. misi mSoblebis TxovniT, sabWoTa xelisuflebam grigol veSapelis cxedari
parizidan saqarTveloSi Camoasvena 1928 wels, dakrZales TbilisSi didubis
panTeonSi. 1937 wels xelisuflebis gankargulebiT misi cxedari didubidan vakis
sasaflaoze gadaitanes da iq dakrZales.
grigol veSapelis msoflmxedveloba emigraciaSi winaaRmdegobrivi aRmoCnda,
misi azrovneba gaorda. erTi mxriv, samSobloze usazRvrod Seyvarebuli patrioti,
misi damoukideblobis qomagi da meore mxriv - sabWoTa xelisuflebaze
orientirebuli. Seqmnilma uaRresad rTulma istoriulma viTarebam, epoqam, romlis
Svilic is iyo da romelSiac uxdeboda cxovreba da moRvaweoba, ganapiroba misi
gaorebuli Sexedulebani.
grigol veSapeli tragikuli bedis adamiani iyo. misi cxovrebis gza, politikuri
moRvaweoba Tu naazrevi erTob rTuli, magram sayuradRebo gamocdilebaa,
romlisganac mxolod erTmniSvnelovani daskvnebis gamotana ver xerxdeba. misi
emigraciamdeli periodisa da 1921-1923 wlebis Sexedulebebi gulwrfeli patriotis,
qarTveli nacionalistis Sexedulebebia. 1924-1926 wlebSi gamoqveynebul
publikaciebSi ki grigol veSapeli sabWoTa xelisuflebis momxre da saqarTveloSi
sabWoTa politikis gamziarebeli Cans.
rogorc Cans, ukanasknel dros grigol veSapeli moeqca sabWoTa xelisuflebis
gavlenis qveS, magram mTeli sicocxlis manZilze mxolod Tavis samSobloze fiqrobda
da mis ukeTes momavalze ocnebobda.

damowmebuli literatura

gr. veSapeli, 1916 - gr. veSapeli, balmontis misalmeba: gaz. `saqarTvelo", #

20, 1916.
u. sidamoniZe, 1970 - u. sidamoniZe, saqarTveloSi burJuaziul-demokratiuli
moZraobisa da socialisturi revoluciis gamarjvebis istoriografia (1917- 1921),
Tb., 1970.
g. SaraZe, 2001 - g. SaraZe, qarTuli emigrantuli Jurnalistikis istoria, t. 1,
Tb., 2001.
d. WumburiZe, 2008 - d. WumburiZe, istoriuli portretebi (dasawyisi me-20
saukunisa), Tb., 20081.

NATO NIKABADZE, EKATERINE KAKHIDZE

GRIGOL GIORGIS-DZE VESHAPELI/VESHAPIDZE (1891-1926)

Grigol Veshapeli was born in a poor farmer’s family in the village of Sairkhe, Shorapani
administrative region (now Sachkhere region). He studied at the Kutaisi Classical Gymnasium
where he made good progress. The Society of Disseminating Literacy among Georgians awarded
him a special scholarship to study at the philological faculty of the Moscow University.
During the studentship period Grigol Veshapeli distinguished himself as the head of the
Georgian immigrant society and the gifted publicist. He wrote several works in Georgian and
Russian languages during these years.
Grigol Veshapeli graduated from the University in 1916. In 1917 after the February
Revolution he returned to Georgia.
In 1921 when the Soviet Russia occupied Georgia Grigol Veshapeli did not follow the
Government in emigration. He went to Istanbul a few months later and then in Europe where he
continued his intense anti-Bolshevik activities alone and in collaboration with the emigrated
Government members.
After the failure of the rebellion of 1924 Grigol Veshapeli abandoned anti-Bolshevik
activities, split from the emigrated Government and decided to go to Georgia. He was
assassinated for his different views in 10th July1926.