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DESIGN
STEP: 1. SELECTION OF AGGREGATES:
Aggregates, which possess sufficient strength, hardness, toughness
and soundness are chosen keeping in view the availability and
economic considerations.
STEP: 2. SELECTION OF AGGREGATE GRADING:
Use dense graded mixes and not open graded mixes.
Higher size of aggregates gives higher stability, maximum size of 25
to 50 mm are used in base course and 12.5 to 18.7 mm size are used
in surface course.
Maximum size of aggregates varies from 1/3rd to 2/3rd of the layer
thickness.
GradeI or GradeII as per IRC Guidelines
TABLE: 1.SPECIFIC GRADING OF AGGREGATES AND BINDER FOR
BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
Nominal aggregate
size
Layer thickness
Sieve size in, mm
26.5
19
13.2
9.5
4.75
2.36
1.18
0.6
0.3
0.15
0.075
Bitumen Content %
by weight of total mix
Bitumen Grade
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19 mm
13 mm
50-65 mm
30-45 mm
Percentage passing by wt.
Grade-I
Grade-II
100
79-100
100
59-79
79-100
52-72
70-88
35-55
53-71
28-44
42-58
20-34
34-48
15-27
26-38
10-20
18-28
5-13
12-20
2-8
4-10
5.0 to 6.0
5.0 to 7.0
VG 30
(Penetration 65)
Page 1
VG 30
(Penetration 65)
P=100 x
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Page 2
The gradation required for a typical mix is given in Table: 2.in column and
2. The gradation of available for three types of aggregate A, B, and C is given
in column 3, 4, and 5. Determine the proportions of A, B and C if mixed will get
the required gradation in column 2.
TABLE: 2.GRADATION
Sieve
Size
in (mm)
(1)
Required
Gradation
Range
(2)
Filler
Material
(A)
(3)
FineAggregat
e (B)
(4)
Coarse
-Aggregat
e (C)
(5)
26.5
100
100
100
100
19
100
100
100
100
13.2
79-100
100
100
84
9.5
4.75
2.36
1.18
0.6
0.3
0.15
0.075
70-88
53-71
42-58
34-48
26-38
18-28
12--20
4--10
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
40
100
100
71
50
35
25
18
13
71
50
36
25
20
13
9
5
x+ y + z = 1
Page 3
Required
Gradatio
n Range
(2)
Filler
Materia
l
(A)
(3)
FineAggregat
e (B)
(4)
Coarse
-Aggrega
te (C)
(5)
26.500
19.000
13.200
9.500
4.750
2.360
1.180
0.600
0.300
0.150
0.075
100.000
100.000
79-100
70-88
53-71
42-58
34-48
26-38
18-28
12-20
4-10
6.074
6.074
6.074
6.074
6.074
6.074
6.074
6.074
6.074
4.313
2.430
35.926
35.926
35.926
35.926
35.926
25.508
17.963
12.574
8.982
6.467
4.670
58.000
58.000
48.720
41.180
29.000
20.880
14.500
11.600
7.540
5.220
2.900
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Combine
d
Gradatio
n
Obtained
(6)
100.000
100.000
90.720
83.180
71.000
52.462
38.537
30.248
22.596
15.999
10.000
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Page 5
Fig:BREKING HEAD
TEST PROCEDURE:
1. The coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and the filler material are
proportioned and mixed in a such way that final gradation of the
mixture is within the range specified for the type of bituminous mix.
2. Approximately 1200 gm. of the mixed aggregates and the filler are
taken and heated to a temperature of 175 to 190 C.
3. The bitumen is heated to a temperature of 121 to 145 C.
4. The required quantity of the first trial percentage of bitumen (say,
3.5 or 4.0 percent by weight of aggregates) is added to the heated
aggregates.
5. It is thoroughly mixed at the desired temperature of 154 to 160 C.
6. The mix is placed in a preheated mould and compacted by a rammer
(4.54 kg) with 75 blows on either side at temperature of 138 to 149
C
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II.
x 100
x 100
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
i.
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Weight Air
Gb = Weight airWeight Water
ii.
III.
VOLUME:
i.
ii.
Gb
x100
W4
G4
x Gb
GRAPH:
The average value of each of the above properties are found for each
mix with the different bitumen content
Graphs are plotted with the bitumen content on the X-axis and the
following values on Y-axis.
1. Marshall Stability Value.
2. Flow Value.
3. Unit Weight.
4. Percentage Voids in total mix.(Vv)
5. Percentage Voids Filled with Bitumen(VFB)
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Page 8
The optimum bitumen content (OBC) for the mix design is found by
taking the average value of the following three bitumen contents found from
the graphs of the rest results.
1. Bitumen content corresponding to maximum stability.
2. Bitumen content corresponding to maximum unit weight.
3. Bitumen content corresponding to the median of designed limits
of percent air voids in total mix (5%)
The Marshall Stability value, Flow value and percent voids filled with
Bitumen at the average value of bitumen content are checked with the
Marshall Stability design criteria/specification.
DESIRED VALUES:
TABLE: REQUIREMENT FOR BITUMEN CONCRETE LAYERS
(TABLE 500-19,MoRTH,2001)
Minimum Stability (kN at 60 C )
Minimum Flow (mm)
Maximum Flow (mm)
Compaction level (No.of blows)
Percent air voids
Percent voids in mineral
aggregate(VMA)
Percent voids filled with
bitumen(VFB)
Loss of stability on immersion in
water at 60 C (ASTMD 1075)
9.0
2
4
75 blows on each of two faces of
the specimen
3-6
See Table No.
65-75
Min.75 % retained strength
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4.0
15.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
Page 9
5.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
13.0
12.0