Sunteți pe pagina 1din 9

MitosisandMeiosis(CellDivision)

So,studentstendtoconfusebetweenthesetwocelldivision.Chilldown=D

Definition

Mitosis
A process of
asexual reproduction
in which the cell
divides in two
producing a
replica, with an e
qual number of chromosomes
in each resulting diploid cell.

Meiosis
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are
reduced by
half
through the s
eparation of homologous chromosomes
, producing
two
haploid cells
.
Definition settled =D. Now onto the next step.

Mitosis in a NUTSHELL.
-
Stages of cell cycle can be broken down into five s
tages:
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Prophase:

Definition:
t
he first stage of mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotic cell division, during which the
nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes.
What is actually happening?
-
Chromosomes become
visible
when they
condense
into sister chromatids and

attach to each other by


centromere
.
- Centrioles in
animal cells
move to opposite ends of the cell.
-
Spindle forms
from
centriole (animals)
or
microtubules (plants).
-Kinetochore fibers
of spindle attach to centromere.
-
Polar fibers
of spindle extend across cell from pole to pole.
-
Nuclear membrane
dissolves and
nucleus
disintegrates.

Now onto metaphase.


Metaphase:
Definition:
thesecondstageofcelldivision,betweenprophaseandanaphase,duringwhich
thechromosomesbecomeattachedtothespindlefibers.

WhatisHappening?

Chromosomeslineupinc
enterorequatorofthecell
attachedto
kinetochorefibers
ofthespindle.

NextisAnaphase.

Anaphase

Definition:
stageofmeioticormitoticcelldivisioninwhichthechromosomesmoveawayfrom
oneanothertooppositepolesofthespindle.

WhatisHappening?

Kinetochorefibers
attachedtothecentromere
pullthesisterchromatidsapart.

Almostdonewithmitosis!Justafewmore!

Telophase

Definition:
finalphase
ofcelldivision,
betweenanaphaseandinterphase
,inwhichthe
chromatidsorchromosomesmovetooppositeends
ofthecelland
twonucleiare
formed.

WhatisactuallyHappening?

Nuclearmembraneformsateachendofthecellaroundthechromatidsandnucleolus
reform.
Chromosomesbecomeslesstightlycoiledandappearaschromatidsagain.
Cytokinesisbegins.

Foraclearerunderstanding,referpicturebelow,

Cytokinesis.

Definition:the
cytoplasmicdivision
ofacellatthe
endofmitosisormeiosis
,bringing
aboutthe
separationintotwodaughtercells
.

WhatisactuallyHappening?

Cytoplasmofthecellanditsorganellesseparate
into2newdaughtercells.

Inanimals,
agroovecalledthe
cleavagefurrowf
ormspinchingtheparentcellintwo.

In
plantcell
,a
cellplate
formsdownthemiddleofthecellwherethenewcellwalls
willbe.

ANDDDDwearedonewithmitosis!Nowonlyleftmeiosis!

Meiosis
.
(definitionupabove)

(someimportantpoints)
Reducesthenumberofchromosomesinnewcellstohalfthenumberintheoriginal
cell.
Newcellshaveasinglecopyofchromosomes(23total)butaren
otidenticaltoeach
otherortheoriginalparentcell
andusedfor
makinggametes(spermandeggs)
withthehaploidornnumber.

Inmeiosis,
celldividestwice
afterasingleDNAduplication.

MeiosisI
stagesare
ProphaseI,MetaphaseI,AnaphaseI,&TelophaseI.
MeiosisII
stagesare
ProphaseII,MetaphaseII,AnaphaseII,&TelophaseII.

MeiosisI

Prophase I
Definition:
Pairsofhomologouschromosomes
intertwine
andtheprocesscalled
crossingover
occursaschromatidsfromhomologouspairsofchromosomes
swap
geneticinformation.

-
cellthatundergoesMeiosisIisaprimaryspermatocyteoroocyte
.
What is actually Happening :

Chromosomescoiltightly
andare
visible
.
Nuclearmembrane&nucleolus
disintegrate
whilespindlefibresform.
Synapsis(joining)
ofhomologouschromosomesoccurs
makingtetrads.
Kinetochorefiber
formsoneachchromosome.
Crossingoveroccurs.

MetaphaseI

WhatisHappening?

tetrads

align
onthe
equatorialplate.

centromeresattached
themselvesto
thespindlefibres.

AnaphaseI

WhatisHappening?
homologouschromosomesortetrads
separate
whichresultinonehomologous
chromosome(consistsoftwochromatids)
movetooneendofthecell.
Theotherhomologouschromosomesmovestotheothersideofthecell.
Thisactionresultsin
23chromosomesmovetoonepole
,and
another23
chromosomesmovetoanotherpole.

Thec
hromosomenumberofthecellishalved
oncemeiosisIiscompleted.
Thisprocessiscalled
reductiondivision.

TelophaseI

WhatisHappening?

nucleusreorganizes,chromosomesbecomeschromatin
,and
cellmembrane
beginto
pinchinward
.
C
ytokinesisoccursimmediately
followingtelophaseI.
This
processoccursdifferentlyinplantandanimalcell
,likemitosis.

MeiosisII

Someimportantpoints:
occursthesamewayessentiallyinmitosis.
InmeiosisII,acellcontainsa
singlesetofchromosomes
thatstill
hasits
duplicatedsisterchromatidsattached.
MeiosisIIs
egregatesthesisterchromatids
intoseparatecells.

ProphaseII

WhatisHappening?

Chromatincondenses,eachc
hromosomecontainstwochromatids
thatisattached
bythecentromere.
The
23chromatidpair
,atotalof46chromosomesthen
movetotheequatorial
plate.

MetaphaseII

WhatisHappening?

The23chromatidpairgatheratthecenterofthecellreadyfor
separation
.
Thisprocessis
identicaltometaphaseinmitosis,
exceptthatthisis
occurringina
haploidvsadiploidcell.

AnaphaseII

WhatisHappening?

Thecentromeredivideandsisterchromosomesseparate,whichisreferredtoas
nonreplicatedchromosomes.
SpindlefibersmovechromosomestoeachpolewhichInall,23chromosomesmoveto
eachpole.

TelophaseII

WhatisHappening?

Chromosomesgatheratthepolesofthecellandbecomeindistinctandtheyforma
massofchromatin.
nuclearenvelopedevelops,nucleolireappear,andthecellundergocytokinesis.

ANDWEAREDONE!

Someimportantpoint=)

Eachcellcontain46chromatidsyieldstwocell,eachwith23chromosomesduring
meiosisII.
ThetwocellthatundergomeiosisIIresultedinfourcell,eachwith23chromosomes.
Eachofthefourcellisahaploidthatis,eachcellcontainasinglesetof
chromosomes.
The23chromosomesinthefourcellsarenotidenticalduetotheexchangeofgenetic
information(crossingover)thatoccuredinprophaseI.
Meiosisprovidesamechanismforproducingvariationinthechromosomes.

FINISH.

S-ar putea să vă placă și