Charter act of 1833 is the watershed in the administrative and constitutional

history of India because of the following reasons:

1)
Centralization of administration: Governor general of Bengal was made the
Governor general of India with all the civil and military powers.
Other governor generals were made subordinate to him and their legislative
powers were taken away.

2)
End of Commercial activities of East India company: Its privilege in tea and
trade with China were taken away and it was made a purely administrative
body. Company was to rule over India in the name of British crown. Moreover
other British companies were allowed to freely trade with India.

3)
An attempt to introduce open competition for civil service:Indians could now
enter into civil service on the basis of merit. Although the
exam was much difficult for any Indian as compared to Britisher.

4)
Separation of power: For the first time executive and legislative function of
governor general council were separated. 6 new members were added to the
council for legislative purpose. This is to function as mini-parliament for law
making.

5)
Codification of Law:Law commission was established under Macaulay to
codify all laws which needed to be placed before British parliament.

The Charter Act of 1833 renewed the charter for 20 more years and asked
company free from trade activities and act as a pure administrative power.
There were changes in the structure of administration as per this act also as
mentioned below.

1. Psudeo Power Transfer and India as British Colony:Territorial positions of

company transfered to Government of India. India became a legalized colony
of the British

2. Centralization of Power : Governor General of Bengal restructured as

Governor general of India (GGI) vested with military and Civil powers.
Governors of Bombay and madras lost their legislative powers and governor
general of India vested with legislative powers for whole British India

3. Restructure of Governor general council: It allowed four members in

general council and all of them act as advisors to the Governor general.
Fourth member is allowed to participate in meetings when legislatures
debated in the council and GGI continued have a casting vote.

4. Recommendation of Indians into administration: This act recommended

Indians for companies administrative services. It barred any discrimination
against race, color, disability and religion

5. Establishment of Law Commission: This law allowed take initiatives to by

bringing reforms in judiciary by appointing law commission look after the
issues related with judiciary.

Thus turning the company as a pure administrative body and led to

foundation for the culmination of British power in 1858 and 1833 act became
the important law in the modern India history

Charter act 1833 was aimed at ending the commercial trade monopoly of the
company with
india. This transformed the company to the political agent of the british
crown. The provisions
of this act was based on liberal and utilitarian philosophies.

The major
steps outlined by this act are:

-Centralised authority over india in financial, legislative and administrative

matters. For
this governor general of Bengal was made the governor general of india.
Madras
and Bombay presidencies deprived of their legislative power, revenue rights
and
unified central control over military and civil affairs in india.

-Inclusion of a law member Lord Mcaulay in Governor-Generals council,

codification of indian
laws and establishment of indian law commission were seen as benevolent
steps.

-Indian natives were to be regarded as subjects of british crown and should

not be disabled
from holding any place, office or employment by discrimination based on race
and religion. This promoted indianisation of public service.

-Administration was asked to adopt measures against slavery which was

finally abolished in 1843.

This charter successfully strengthened political settlement of British in India

and
established legality over its colonisation.

The Charter Act of 1833 was one of the major acts passed by the British
parliament which further strengthened the control of the parliament on the
administration of India.

The provisions of this act and its consequences are:

1. It made the Governor of Bengal as the Governor General of India. The

governors of Madras and Bombay were to work under him now. This lead to a
heavily centralized government system in the British territories. The governor
general of India had all the civil and military powers which were stripped off
from the other governors

2. Henceforward all the laws were to be called Act.

3. This act abolished all the trade monopolies and commercial activities of
the East India Company. The company now became a purely administrative
body.

4. This act made the provision of inclusion of non-company in the civil

administration of the company. It made provisions for a civil services
examination to be held in London for recruiting the people in administration.

5. Lord Macaulay was to be the law member in the Executive council. His
work led to the Macaulays Minutes which formed the backbone of education
system in British India. Also he codified the Indian Penal Code for justice
system in India.

Hence we can say that the Charter Act 1833 laid the foundation of a system
which could administer the territories of India along the guidelines of British
Parliament.

The Charter Act of 1813, established British paramountcy in India and also
consolidated the British authority.Thus it has provided a firm ground to
strengthen the British government control by introducing new concepts of
government,manifested in 1833 Act.

Charter Act of 1833 brought the following changes in Indian government:

1)Centralization of Administration: Governor General(GG) of Bengal made into

GG of GG of India.

2)Centralization of Legislation:The GG in Council was given exclusive

legislative power to make laws for the entire British India overriding the
legislative power of GG of Bombay and GG of Madras.

3)Law making in India started : A new law member was added to the GG in
Council and laws made in India were to be laid before the British parliament
and assented laws were called Acts.

4)Indianisation of Administration and Judicial service: Through section

87,discrimination of religion,place of birth,color was ended and Indians were
allowed to join in administration of judicial services.

5) East India Company's(EIC) monopoly in trade was ended it was made as a

"trusty to the Crown".

Thus the Charter Act of 1833 introduced a new concept of Government in

India and paved the way for establishing a String British Empire in India.

The concept of 'Centralisation' emerged in Regulating Act 1773,culminated in

'The Charter Act of 1883.
Features of Charter Act of 1883-Introduce the concept of Government of India-stating authority over the
entire territorial area possessed by the British in India.
-It made the Governor of Bengal as the governor-gereral of India.Vesting in
him all civil and military powers.
-Deprived the governor of Madras and Bombay of their legislative power.
-Ended the activities of East India Company as the commercial body,which
became a purely administrative body.
-Attempted to introduce a system of open competition for selection of civil
servants.
-Stated that the Indian should not be debarred from holding any place,office
and employment under the company.
-First governor general,William Bentick with a benevolent charater tried to
provide good administration and social reform in India.

Despite majority of provisions are not in favour of Indians but provisions like
opening the gates for Indian to the offices of company,mainly for Civil
services were welcome steps.