THE EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE ON STUDENTS

LEARNING

0314-9944557 (andaleebafshan@gmail.com)
Submitted By:
AFSHAN ANDALEEB
Roll No. 6145
M.Ed

INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION & RESEARCH

UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
Session: 2011-2012

THE EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE ON STUDENTS

LEARNING

Submitted By:

MUHAMMAD RIAZ KHAN

Roll No. 4609
M.Ed

Submitted To:
MUHAMMAD RAUF

Submitted to Institute of Education & Research University of Peshawar in

Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master
in Education

INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION & RESEARCH

UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
Session: 2011-2012

APPROVAL SHEET

Certified that the Contents and form of thesis entitled The Effects of
Mobile Phone on Students Learning Submitted by Muhammad Riaz
Khan have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree.

Internal Examiner:

______________________________
MUHAMMAD RAUF

External Examiner:

___________________________

Director:

__________________________
DR. MUHAMMAD NOUMAN
Institute of Education & Research
University of Peshawar

Date: ____/____/2012

DEDICATION

I earnestly dedicate this irksome task of mine to

My loving Parents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe my thanks to all those who helped me in conducting this study, especially
I am greatly thankful to Sir Muhammad Rauf under whose gracious guidance
and direction I was able to complete this task.

Muhammad Riaz Khan

ABSTRACT

This study, entitled as The Effects of Mobile Phone on Students Learning is

aimed to know the effects of mobile phone on students learning. The main
objective of the research was to know the advantages and disadvantages of
mobile phone when it is used by the students.
This was a descriptive survey type of research. The data was collected
through a questionnaire.100 students from a sample of 4 colleges were
selected. The data collected personally by the researcher, tabulated and then
analyzed through percentage method. Majority of the students in Peshawar city
are using personal mobile phones and mostly they are allowed by their parents
to have a mobile phone. Most students are of the view that using mobile phone
is beneficial if its misuse is avoided. In their opinion the students do not use
mobile phone inside the class room. They are agree that mobile phone have
medically adverse effects. Their study is also affected if it is used during study
hours.
So, it is was recommended in the light of the responses given by the
students that mobile phone is a modern invention and providing facilities to the
people. But students should use it only for good purposes while its misuse
should be avoided.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................I
TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................III
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................V
CHAPTER- 1................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:..........................................................................3
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:..............................................................................3
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:...........................................................................3
1.4 HYPOTHESIS:......................................................................................................4
1.5 PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY:..............................................................................4
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:.....................................................................................5
CHAPTER: 2................................................................................................................6
LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................6
2.1 HISTORY OF MOBILE PHONES.............................................................................8
2.2 EARLY SERVICES................................................................................................9
2.3 BEFORE CELLULAR NETWORKS........................................................................11
2.4 CELLULAR CONCEPTS......................................................................................13
2.5 FIRST GENERATION: CELLULAR NETWORKS....................................................17
2.6 SECOND GENERATION: DIGITAL NETWORKS....................................................19
2.7 THIRD GENERATION: HIGH SPEED IP DATA NETWORKS AND MOBILE
BROADBAND.............................................................................................................21
2.8 FOURTH GENERATION: ALL-IP NETWORKS......................................................24
2.9 SOME VIEWS ABOUT THE USE OF MOBILE PHONES:.......................................25
2.10 DIGITAL DIETING:............................................................................................26
2.11 EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONES ON STUDENTS....................................................29
CHAPTER -3..............................................................................................................31
METHODS AND PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY...............................................31
3.1 NATURE OF THE WORK:...................................................................................31
3.2 METHODOLOGY USED:....................................................................................31
3.3

POPULATION:....................................................................................................31

iii

3.4

SAMPLE:...........................................................................................................31

3.5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE:.......................................................32

3.6 DESCRIPTION OF QUESTIONS:..........................................................................32
3.7

AREAS CONTAINED IN THE INSTRUMENT:.........................................................32

3.8 ADMINISTRATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE:....................................................33

3.9

ORGANIZATION OF THE DATA FOR THE ANALYSIS:..........................................33

CHAPTER-4...............................................................................................................34
TABULATION AND DATA ANALYSIS..................................................................34
INTRODUCTION:........................................................................................................34
CHAPTER -5..............................................................................................................50
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................50
5.1 FINDINGS:........................................................................................................50
5.2 CONCLUSIONS:.................................................................................................52
5.3 SUGGESTIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS:...............................................................54
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................55
APPENDIX-A.............................................................................................................58
LIST OF COLLEGES SELECTED...................................................................................58
APPENDIX-B.............................................................................................................59
QUESTIONNAIRE................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Do you have a personal mobile phone?

34

Table 2: It yes then why you keep it?

35

Table 3: Do your parents allow you to keep mobile phone?

36

Table 4: It yes then why they allow you to keep it?

37

Table 5: Do you use internet in your mobile phone?

38

Table 6: It you use internet, then what type of websites you search?

39

Table 7: In your view, is mobile phone beneficial for you?

40

Table 8: Do you think that mobile phones have some bad effects on your study?
41
Table 9: Are you using long talking packages?

42

Table 10: It yes, then for what purpose you use these packages?

43

Table 11: Do you use SMS (Short Message Service)?

44

Table 12: Do your study get effected by SMS packages?

45

Table 13: Do you use mobile phone in the classroom?

46

Table 14: In your view late night packages should be banned by the
government?

47

Table 15 Do you feel that mobile phones have medically some adverse effects on
you?
48
Table 16: Do your teachers appreciate you for having personal cell phone?

49

CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION
The world has become a global village and this globalization may be
attributed to many factors which play a key role in this regard, but the most
important role has played by the information technology. Information
technology has truly revolutionized the world. Through information technology
men living in different countries of the world are interacting with each other.
Computer, fax, internet, and cable etc are some prominent communications
which have decreased the distance among them.
The latest invention which brought a great change in the life of the man
is mobile phone technology. Mobile phone is rapidly developing technology
which is spreading with full speed all over the world. Communication through
mobile phone may be in the form of text communication i.e. Short Message
Service (SMS), Multi Media Message Service (MMS) or direct calling.
In this research, the researcher will analyze the effects of mobile phones
on the students. It is admitted that in many cases the use of personal mobile
phones is beneficial but in many others, it is harmful, also especially in the case
of students.
Smart phones have destroyed our peace to the extent that the concept
of difference between personal and private life has come to an end.
(M.Bilal Ghauri-Daily Mashriq)

In

Pakistan,

there

are

many

mobile

companies

providing

telecommunication services to the people. Some prominent companies are

Telenor, Warid, Ufone, Mobilink and Zong etc. These companies are providing

good calling and SMS services with good rates. The people are benefiting from
these rates. Pakistani nation is included in the largest nations of the world
having mobile phones. Everywhere in Pakistan where you find men and
women, you can see mobile phones in their hands always busy in sending or
receiving SMS, talking through mobile phones or just playing games.
The number of mobile phone users in Pakistan reached up to 11 crore,
46 Lak, 6 Thousand 658 in the month of January, 2012 (PTA report in
daily Express, March is 16, 2012)

Even at colleges the secondary level students are also keenly involved in
this activity. It has become a great need of every day life. But to some extent it
has effected the study of the students.
Mobile phones have medically some adverse effects on ear drums and
brain also, many researchers have worked on the effects of mobile on human
body and mind.
Nearly two 900/1800 Mhz mobile phone base stations showed
statistically association between the measured electric field and a number of
symptoms, especially depressive tendency, fatigue, sleeping disorder, difficulty
in concentration, and cardiovascular problems and also loss of memory, visual
disorder and dizziness. (Recent health survey carried Lanora, Mucia, Spain).
Pakistan is a developing country and the use of mobile is increasing day
by day. Majority of the population in Pakistan are using mobile phones and
students are also part of this population. So, the important study to which the
researcher is compelled as The Effects Of Mobile Phones On Students
Learning And Behavior.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

The present study concentrates upon the various effects of mobile
phones on the study of intermediate level male students.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The main objectives of the study are as follows:
1.

To find out whether intermediate level male students should keep

personal mobile phones or not.

2.

To explore advantages of mobiles phones for intermediate level male

students.

3.

To analyze adverse effects of cell phones on the study of intermediate

level male students.

4.

To bring forth the role of teachers about the effects of mobile phones on
students.

5.

To discuss the role of parents in the use of cell by these students.

6.

To identify health related effects of cell phones on intermediate level

students.

7.

To suggest the possible solution of adverse effects of mobile phones on

the study of intermediate level male students.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The study is useful because it may be proved useful for students,
teachers, parents and for government as well to know the different dimensions
of the effects of cell phones whether it is fruitful or harmful.

After knowing the effects, they will discourage the negative effects. This
study will bring some revolutionary changes. It may also serve as the basis for
the future research in this field.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS:
Intermediate level male students are happy and satisfied by keeping
personal mobile phones. But they are basically ignoring the negative aspects of
mobile phones. In some cases, the use of mobile phones is beneficial, but in
some cases it is harmful to the character, health, and to the study as well.
1.5 PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY:
a.

Population:
Population consisted of Intermediate level male students studying in all

the male colleges of Peshawar City.

b.

Sample:
Four male colleges of Peshawar city were selected as sample of this

study. Out of these four colleges two were government and the rest of two
colleges were from private sector. Further more 100 intermediate level male
students (25 from each college) were selected on random sampling technique.
c.

Tools instrument:
100 questionnaires ware distributed among intermediate level male

students in the selected colleges of Peshawar city.

d.

Collected data was statistically analyzed in tabular from, percentage was

finally calculated and interpretation on the basis of finding, conclusions
were drawn and recommendations were made.
4

e.

Operational Definitions:

1.

Effects of mobile phones: Effects of mobile phones means different

impacts whether these are positive or negative when mobile phone users
get after usage of mobile phones.

2.

Learning and Behavior: Learning means any process or activity in

the end of which we get some new changes. Behaviour means
attitude or outward reaction of any person towards the people,
environment or any thing.

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

1.

Do the use of mobile phones effects the study of the students?

2.

Do the mobile phones bring changes in the behavior of the students?

3.

Has the mobile phone become a basic need of students life?

4.

What is the role of the parents and teachers in controlling the adverse
effects of mobile phones on students?

5.

Do mobile phones cause medically some adverse effects on students?

CHAPTER: 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Modern technologies have brought enormous changes in the world and

because of this strange development the world has become a beautiful global
village. If there is any happening in any corner of the world then within
minutes all people of the world wither they belong to any country, come to
know about that happening.
It a cricket match is going on in any part of the world, all people from
all over the world can watch that match live through television or cable
network. If there is war among the nations through t.v, net or cable it can easily
be watched.
Computer has played a key role in all these developments. And after
computer, cable, internet and especially mobile phones have played a vital
role in this strange development.
You can see long towers every where in Pakistan. These towers are used
by various mobile companies in Pakistan. These towers are providing services
in the area and they are connecting these areas, with the whole world.
Through these towers people belong to the whole world are
interconnected through SMS (Short Message Service) or direct calling.
In fact the discovery of mobile phone is a unique discovery of twentieth
century. This technology developed with the passage of time and now-a-days
through video call not only talk but they can see each other.

Mobile companies are providing internet and also through MMS

(Multimedia message service) colour pictures and videos also can be sent every
where on any number in any part of the world.
Mobile phones have provided so many facilities to its users. The
students are also involved in the uses of mobile phones. Now a days you can
see mobile phones in the hand of the student. Most of the students keep mobile
phones 24 hours a day.
Most students keep personal mobile phones for keeping communication
with their parents and friends. It is a fact that mobile phones have to many
advantages. But there are some adverse effects of mobile phones also. For
example immoral conversation, pictures, videos are kept by a lot of students
which is dangerous not only to their morality but to their health also.
A lot of students use late night packages. A lot of boys and girls talk to
each other thorough these packages which is creating immoral disturbances in
the society and in Khyber pakhtunkhwa we have a pakhtun society in which
female are very bound thats why these packages are creating so many illicit
links between boys and girls which is resulting in the from of murders.
There are five prominent mobile companies in Pakistan. They are
providing effective services to the people. These mobile companies are
Mobilink, Telenor, Ufone, Zong and Warid. These companies are earning a lot
of money.

2.1 HISTORY OF MOBILE PHONES

The history of mobile phones charts the development of devices which
connect wirelessly to the public switched telephone network. The transmission
of speech by radio has a long and varied history going back to Reginald
Fessenden's invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony,
through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links.
Hand-held radio transceivers have been available since the 1940s. Mobile
telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone companies
in the 1940s. Early devices were bulky and consumed high power and the
network supported only a few simultaneous conversations. Modern cellular
networks allow automatic and pervasive use of mobile phones for voice and
data communications.
Mobile phone history is often divided into generations (first, second, third and
so on) to mark significant step changes in capabilities as the technology
improved.
Pioneers of radio telephony
By 1930, telephone customers in the United States could place a call to a
passenger on a liner in the Atlantic Ocean. Air time charges were quite high, at
$7(1930)/minute (about $92.50/minute in 2011 dollars). In areas with Marine
VHF radio and a shore station, it is still possible to arrange a call from the
public telephone network to a ship, still using manual call set-up and the
services of a human marine radio operator.
However it was the 1940s onwards that saw the seeds of technological
development which would eventually produce the mobile phone that we know
8

today. Motorola developed a backpacked two-way radio, the Walkie-Talkie and

a large hand-held two-way radio for the US military. This battery powered
"Handie-Talkie" (HT) was about the size of a man's forearm.
2.2 EARLY SERVICES
MTS and IMTS
In 1946 in St. Louis, the Mobile Telephone Service was introduced. Only three
radio channels were available, and call set-up required manual operation by a
mobile operator. Although very popular and commercially successful, the
service was limited by having only a few voice channels per district.
In 1964 Improved Mobile Telephone Service was introduced with additional
channels and more automatic handling of calls to the public switched telephone
network. Even the addition of radio channels in three bands was insufficient to
meet demand for vehicle-mounted mobile radio systems.
Radio Common Carrier
Parallel to Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) in the US, a competing
mobile telephone technology was called Radio Common Carrier or RCC.
The service was provided from the 1960s until the 1980s when cellular AMPS
systems made RCC equipment obsolete. These systems operated in a regulated
environment in competition with YOLO the Bell System's MTS and IMTS.
RCCs handled telephone calls and were operated by private companies and
individuals. RCCs used paired UHF 454/459 MHz and VHF 152/158 MHz
frequencies near those used by IMTS.
Some systems were designed to allow customers of adjacent carriers to use
their facilities, but equipment used by RCCs did not allow the equivalent of
9

modern "roaming" because technical standards were not uniform. For example,
the phone of an Omaha, Nebraskabased RCC service would not be likely to
work in Phoenix, Arizona. Roaming was not encouraged, in part, because there
was no centralized industry billing database for RCCs. Signaling formats were
not standardized. For example, some systems used two-tone sequential paging
to alert a mobile of an incoming call. Other systems used DTMF. Some used
Secode 2805, which transmitted an interrupted 2805 Hz tone (similar to IMTS
signaling) to alert mobiles of an offered call. Some radio equipment used with
RCC systems was half-duplex, push-to-talk LOMO equipment such as
Motorola hand-helds or RCA 700-series conventional two-way radios. Other
vehicular equipment had telephone handsets, rotary or pushbutton dials, and
operated full duplex like a conventional wired telephone. A few users had fullduplex briefcase telephones (radically advanced for their day).
At the end of RCC's existence, industry associations were working on a
technical standard that would have allowed roaming, and some mobile users
had multiple decoders to enable operation with more than one of the common
signaling formats (600/1500, 2805, and Reach). Manual operation was often a
fallback for RCC roamers.
Rural Radiotelephone Service
Using the same channel frequencies as IMTS, the US Federal Communications
Commission authorized Rural Radiotelephone Service for fixed stations.
Because RF channels were shared with MILFS IMTS, the service was licensed
only in areas that were remote from large Bureau of the Census Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (MSAs).

10

Systems used UHF 454 MHz or 152 MHz radio channels to provide telephone
service to extremely rural places where it would be too costly to extend cable
plant. One such system was on a 454/459 MHz channel pair between the Death
Valley telephone exchange and Stovepipe Wells, California. This specific
system carried manual calls to the Traffic Service Position System (TSPS)
center in Los Angeles. Stovepipe Wells callers went off-hook and were queried,
"Number please," by a TSPS operator, who dialed the call. Dial service was
introduced to Stovepipe Wells in the mid-1980s. The radio link has since been
replaced by cable. The analog service has since been replaced by Basic
Exchange Telephone Radio Service, a digital system using the same
frequencies.
2.3 BEFORE CELLULAR NETWORKS
A mobile radio telephone.
These mobile radio telephone services preceded modern cellular mobile
telephony technology. Since they were the predecessors of the first generation
of cellular telephones, these systems are sometimes retroactively referred to as
pre cellular (or sometimes zero generation) systems. Technologies used in pre
cellular systems included the Push to Talk (PTT or manual), Mobile Telephone
System (MTS), Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), and Advanced
Mobile Telephone System (AMTS) systems. These early mobile telephone
systems can be distinguished from earlier closed radiotelephone systems in that
they were available as a commercial service that was part of the public
switched telephone network, with their own telephone numbers, rather than
part of a closed network such as a police radio or taxi dispatch system.

11

These mobile telephones were usually mounted in cars or trucks, though

briefcase models were also made. Typically, the transceiver (transmitterreceiver) was mounted in the vehicle trunk and attached to the "head" (dial,
display, and handset) mounted near the driver seat.
They were sold through WCCs (Wireline Common Carriers, AKA telephone
companies), RCCs (Radio Common Carriers), and two-way radio dealers.
Early examples for this technology:

Motorola in conjunction with the Bell System operated the first

commercial mobile telephone service Mobile Telephone System (MTS)
in the US in 1946, as a service of the wireline telephone company.

The A-Netz launched 1952 in West Germany as the country's first public
commercial mobile phone network.

First automatic system was the Bell System's IMTS which became
available in 1962, offering automatic dialing to and from the mobile.

The Televerket opened its first manual mobile telephone system in

Norway in 1966. Norway was later the first country in Europe to get an
automatic mobile telephone system.

The Autoradiopuhelin (ARP) launched in 1971 in Finland as the

country's first public commercial mobile phone network.

The B-Netz launched 1972 in West Germany as the country's second

public commercial mobile phone network (but the first one that did not
require human operators to connect calls).

12

2.4 CELLULAR CONCEPTS

Top of cellular telephone tower
In December 1947, Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers,
proposed hexagonal cells for mobile phones in vehicles. Philip T. Porter, also of
Bell Labs, proposed that the cell towers be at the corners of the hexagons rather
than the centers and have directional antennas that would transmit/receive in
three directions (see picture at right) into three adjacent hexagon cells on three
different frequencies.[5] At this stage, the technology to implement these ideas
did not exist, nor had the frequencies been allocated. Several years would pass
before Richard H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs developed the
electronics to achieve this in the 1960s.
In all these early examples, a mobile phone had to stay within the coverage
area serviced by one base station throughout the phone call, i.e. there was no
continuity of service as the phones moved through several cell areas. The
concepts of frequency reuse and handoff, as well as a number of other concepts
that formed the basis of modern cell phone technology, were described in the
1970s. In 1970 Amos E. Joel, Jr., a Bell Labs engineer, invented an automatic
"call handoff" system to allow mobile phones to move through several cell
areas during a single conversation without interruption.
In 1969 Amtrak equipped commuter trains along the 225-mile New YorkWashington route with special pay phones that allowed passengers to place
telephone calls while the train was moving. The system re-used six frequencies
in the 450 MHZ band in nine sites, a precursor of the concept later applied in
cellular telephones.

13

In December 1971, AT&T submitted a proposal for cellular service to the

Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In 1977 they built the first
network in Chicago and had 1300 customers on the system by the end of 1978.
After years of hearings, the FCC approved the proposal in 1982 for Advanced
Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the 824894 MHz
band. Analog AMPS was eventually superseded by Digital AMPS in 1990.
A cellular telephone switching plan was described by Fluhr and Nussbaum in
1973, and a cellular telephone data signaling system was described in 1977 by
Hachenburg et al.
Emergence of automated mobile phone services
The first fully automated mobile phone system for vehicles was launched in
Sweden in 1960. Named MTA (Mobile Telephone system A), it allowed calls to
be made and received in the car using a rotary dial. The car phone could also be
paged. Calls from the car were direct dial, whereas incoming calls required an
operator to determine which base station the phone was currently at. It was
developed by Sture Laurn and other engineers at Televerket network operator.
Ericsson provided the switchboard while Svenska Radioaktiebolaget (SRA)
and Marconi provided the telephones and base station equipment. MTA phones
consisted of vacuum tubes and relays, and weighed 40 kg. In 1962, an
upgraded version called Mobile System B (MTB) was introduced. This was a
push-button telephone, and used transistors and DTMF signaling to improve its
operational reliability. In 1971 the MTD version was launched, opening for
several different brands of equipment and gaining commercial success. The
network remained open until 1983 and still had 600 customers when it closed.

14

In 1958 development began on a similar system for motorists in the USSR.

The "Altay" national civil mobile phone service was based on Soviet MRT1327 standard. The main developers of the Altay system were the Voronezh
Science Research Institute of Communications (VNIIS) and the State
Specialized Project Institute (GSPI). In 1963 the service started in Moscow,
and by 1970 was deployed in 30 cities across the USSR. Versions of the Altay
system are still in use today as a trunking system in some parts of Russia.
In 1959 a private telephone company located in Brewster, Kansas, USA, the
S&T Telephone Company, (still in business today) with the use of Motorola
Radio Telephone equipment and a private tower facility, offered to the public
mobile telephone services in that local area of NW Kansas. This system was a
direct dial up service through their local switchboard, and was installed in
many private vehicles including grain combines, trucks, and automobiles. For
some as yet unknown reason, the system, after being placed online and
operated for a very brief time period, was shut down. The management of the
company was immediately changed, and the fully operable system and related
equipment was immediately dismantled in early 1960, not to be seen again.
[citation needed]

In 1966, Bulgaria presented the pocket mobile automatic phone RAT-0,5

combined with a base station RATZ-10 (RATC-10) on Interorgtechnika-66
international exhibition. One base station, connected to one telephone wire line,
could serve up to six customers.[citation needed]
One of the first successful public commercial mobile phone networks was the
ARP network in Finland, launched in 1971. Posthumously, ARP is sometimes

15

viewed as a zero generation (0G) cellular network, being slightly above

previous proprietary and limited coverage networks.[citation needed]
Handheld cell phone
Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola, made the first US analog mobile phone call on
a larger prototype model in 1973. This is a reenactment in 2007
Prior to 1973, cellular mobile phone technology was limited to phones installed
in cars and other vehicles.
On 3 April 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made
the first analog mobile phone call using a heavy prototype model. He called Dr.
Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs. The phone was 2.5 pounds, and 9x5x1.75 inches in
size. Cooper couldn't show off his new prototype for long because the talk time
was only 30 minutes and it took 10 hours to charge, but that was still amazing
back then to the general public.
There was a long race between Motorola and Bell Labs to produce the first
portable mobile phone. Cooper is the first inventor named on "Radio telephone
system" filed on 17 October 1973 with the US Patent Office and later issued as
US Patent 3,906,166. John F. Mitchell, Motorola's chief of portable
communication products (and Cooper's boss) was also named on the patent. He
successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products that
would be small enough to use anywhere and participated in the design of the
cellular phone.

16

2.5 FIRST GENERATION: CELLULAR NETWORKS

Main article: 1G
The technological development that distinguished the First Generation of
mobile phones from the previous generation was the use of multiple cell sites,
and the ability to transfer calls from one site to the next as the user travelled
between cells during a conversation. The first cellular network in the world was
built in 1977 in Chicago and turned on in 1978. By the end of 1978 it had over
1300 customers. In 1979 a cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched
in Japan by NTT. The initial launch network covered the full metropolitan area
of Tokyo's over 20 million inhabitants with a cellular network of 23 base
stations. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the
whole population of Japan and became the first nation-wide 1G network.
Analog Motorola DynaTAC 8000X Advanced Mobile Phone System mobile
phone as of 1983
The next 1G network to launch was the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT)
system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1981. NMT was the first
mobile phone network to feature international roaming. The Swedish electrical
engineer sten Mkitalo started work on this vision in 1966, and is considered
to be the father of the NMT system, and by some the father of the cellular
phone itself, since he and two colleagues hold a patent from 1971 on a cellular
system with handover and roaming. The NMT installations were based on the
Ericsson AXE digital exchange nodes.
Several other countries also launched 1G networks in the early 1980s including
the UK, Mexico and Canada. A two year trial started in 1981 in Baltimore and

17

Washington DC with 150 users and 300 Motorola DynaTAC pre-production

phones. This took place on a seven tower cellular network that covered the
area. The DC area trial turned into a commercial services in about 1983 with
fixed cellular car phones also built by Motorola. They later added the 8000X to
their Cellular offerings. A similar trial and commercial launch also took place
in Chicago by Ameritech in 1983 using the famous first hand-held mobile
phone Motorola DynaTAC.
AT&T's 1971 proposal for Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was
approved by the FCC in 1982 and frequencies were allocated in the 824
894 MHz band. Analog AMPS was superseded by Digital AMPS in 1990.
In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology (based,
to a large extent, on the Gladden, Parelman Patent), which employed multiple,
centrally controlled base stations (cell sites), each providing service to a small
cell area. The sites were set up so that cells partially overlapped and different
base stations operated using the same frequencies with little or no interference.
Vodafone made the UK's first mobile call at a few minutes past midnight on 1
January 1985.
The technology in these early networks was pushed to the limit to
accommodate increasing usage. The base stations and the mobile phones
utilized variable transmission power, which allowed range and cell size to vary.
As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability to reduce transmission
power allowed new cells to be added, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus
more capacity. The evidence of this growth can still be seen in the many older,
tall cell site towers with no antennae on the upper parts of their towers. These

18

sites originally created large cells, and so had their antennae mounted atop high
towers; the towers were designed so that as the system expandedand cell
sizes shrankthe antennae could be lowered on their original masts to reduce
range.
2.6 SECOND GENERATION: DIGITAL NETWORKS
Main articles: 2G, 2.5G, and 2.75G
Two 1991 GSM mobile phones with several AC adapters
In the 1990s, the 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone systems emerged,
primarily using the GSM standard. These differed from the previous generation
by using digital instead of analog transmission, and also fast out-of-band
phone-to-network signaling. The rise in mobile phone usage as a result of 2G
was explosive and this era also saw the advent of prepaid mobile phones
In 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) launched in Finland. In general the
frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher than those in America,
though with some overlap. For example, the 900 MHz frequency range was
used for both 1G and 2G systems in Europe, so the 1G systems were rapidly
closed down to make space for the 2G systems. In America the IS-54 standard
was deployed in the same band as AMPS and displaced some of the existing
analog channels.
Coinciding with the introduction of 2G systems was a trend away from the
larger "brick" phones toward tiny 100200g hand-held devices. This change
was possible not only through technological improvements such as more
advanced batteries and more energy-efficient electronics, but also because of
the higher density of cell sites to accommodate increasing usage. The latter
19

meant that the average distance transmission from phone to the base station
shortened, leading to increased battery life whilst on the move.
Personal Handy-phone System mobiles and modems used in Japan around
19972003
The second generation introduced a new variant of communication called SMS
or text messaging. It was initially available only on GSM networks but spread
eventually on all digital networks. The first machine-generated SMS message
was sent in the UK on 3 December 1992 followed in 1993 by the first personto-person SMS sent in Finland. The advent of prepaid services in the late 1990s
soon made SMS the communication method of choice amongst the young, a
trend which spread across all ages.
2G also introduced the ability to access media content on mobile phones. In
1998 the first downloadable content sold to mobile phones was the ring tone,
launched by Finland's Radiolinja (now Elisa). Advertising on the mobile phone
first appeared in Finland when a free daily SMS news headline service was
launched in 2000, sponsored by advertising.
Mobile payments were trialed in 1998 in Finland and Sweden where a mobile
phone was used to pay for a Coca Cola vending machine and car parking.
Commercial launches followed in 1999 in Norway. The first commercial
payment system to mimic banks and credit cards was launched in the
Philippines in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart.
The first full internet service on mobile phones was introduced by NTT
DoCoMo in Japan in 1999.

20

2.7

THIRD
GENERATION:
HIGH
SPEED
NETWORKS AND MOBILE BROADBAND

IP

DATA

Main article: 3G
As the use of 7G phones became more widespread and people began to utilize
mobile phones in their daily lives, it became clear that demand for data services
(such as access to the internet) was growing. Furthermore, experience from
fixed broadband services showed there would also be an ever increasing
demand for greater data speeds. The 2G technology was nowhere near up to the
job, so the industry began to work on the next generation of technology known
as 3G. The main technological difference that distinguishes 3G technology
from 2G technology is the use of packet switching rather than circuit switching
for data transmission. In addition, the standardization process focused on
requirements more than technology (2 Mbit/s maximum data rate indoors, 384
kbit/s outdoors, for example).
Inevitably this led to many competing standards with different contenders
pushing their own technologies, and the vision of a single unified worldwide
standard looked far from reality. The standard 2G CDMA networks became 3G
compliant with the adoption of Revision A to EV-DO, which made several
additions to the protocol whilst retaining backwards compatibility:

The introduction of several new forward link data rates that increase the
maximum burst rate from 2.45 Mbit/s to 3.1 Mbit/s.

Protocols that would decrease connection establishment time.

The ability for more than one mobile to share the same time slot.

The introduction of QoS flags.

21

All these were put in place to allow for low latency, low bit rate
communications such as VoIP.
The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT
DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched
the first commercial 3G network on 1 October 2001, using the WCDMA
technology. In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet
in the USA. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second
WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank).
European launches of 3G were in Italy and the UK by the Three/Hutchison
group, on WCDMA. 2003 saw a further 8 commercial launches of 3G, six
more on WCDMA and two more on the EV-DO standard.
During the development of 3G systems, 2.5G systems such as CDMA2000 1x
and GPRS were developed as extensions to existing 2G networks. These
provide some of the features of 3G without fulfilling the promised high data
rates or full range of multimedia services. CDMA2000-1X delivers theoretical
maximum data speeds of up to 307 kbit/s. Just beyond these is the EDGE
system which in theory covers the requirements for 3G system, but is so
narrowly above these that any practical system would be sure to fall short.
The high connection speeds of 3G technology enabled a transformation in the
industry: for the first time, media streaming of radio (and even television)
content to 3G handsets became possible [1], with companies such as Real
Networks [2] and Disney [3] among the early pioneers in this type of offering.

22

In the mid 2000s (decade), an evolution of 3G technology begun to be

implemented, namely High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an
enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in
the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo
3G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current
HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 Mbit/s.
Further speed increases are available with HSPA+, which provides speeds of up
to 42 Mbit/s downlink and 84 Mbit/s with Release 9 of the 3GPP standards.
By the end of 2007, there were 295 million subscribers on 3G networks
worldwide, which reflected 9% of the total worldwide subscriber base. About
two thirds of these were on the WCDMA standard and one third on the EV-DO
standard. The 3G telecoms services generated over 120 Billion dollars of
revenues during 2007 and at many markets the majority of new phones
activated were 3G phones. In Japan and South Korea the market no longer
supplies phones of the second generation.
Although mobile phones had long had the ability to access data networks such
as the Internet, it was not until the widespread availability of good quality 3G
coverage in the mid-2000s (decade) that specialized devices appeared to access
the mobile internet. The first such devices, known as "dongles", plugged
directly into a computer through the USB port. Another new class of device
appeared subsequently, the so-called "compact wireless router" such as the
Novatel MiFi, which makes 3G internet connectivity available to multiple
computers simultaneously over Wi-Fi, rather than just to a single computer via
a USB plug-in.
23

Such devices became especially popular for use with laptop computers due to
the added portability they bestow. Consequently, some computer manufacturers
started to embed the mobile data function directly into the laptop so a dongle or
MiFi wasn't needed. Instead, the SIM card could be inserted directly into the
device itself to access the mobile data services. Such 3G-capable laptops
became commonly known as "netbooks". Other types of data-aware devices
followed in the netbook's footsteps. By the beginning of 2010, E-readers, such
as the Amazon Kindle and the Nook from Barnes & Noble, had already
become available with embedded wireless internet, and Apple Computer had
announced plans for embedded wireless internet on its iPad tablet devices
beginning that Fall.
2.8 FOURTH GENERATION: ALL-IP NETWORKS
Main article: 4G
By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 4G networks would be
overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications like streaming
media. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4thgeneration technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold
over existing 3G technologies. The first two commercially available
technologies billed as 4G were the WiMAX standard (offered in the U.S. by
Sprint) and the LTE standard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.
One of the main ways in which 4G differed technologically from 3G was in its
elimination of circuit switching, instead employing an all-IP network. Thus, 4G
ushered in a treatment of voice calls just like any other type of streaming audio

24

media, utilizing packet switching over internet, LAN or WAN networks via
VoIP.
Satellite mobile
Main article: Satellite phone
Earth-orbiting satellites can cover remote areas out of reach of wired networks
or where construction of a cellular network is uneconomic. The Inmarsat
satellite telephone system, originally developed in 1979 for safety of life at sea,
is now also useful for areas out of reach of landline, conventional cellular, or
marine VHF radio stations. In 1998 the Iridium satellite system was set up, and
although the initial operating company went bankrupt due to high initial
expenses, the service is available today.
2.9 SOME VIEWS ABOUT THE USE OF MOBILE PHONES:
Pakistani Nation has Become One of the Largest Nations in the use of
Mobiles Phones. New lets see a report in the newspaper daily EXPRESS which
will make clear the number of mobile users in Pakistan.
Mobile phone users increased upto 11 crore 46 lake in
Pakistan:
66.5% of the population have access to mobile phone. In January 2012,
17 lake 31 thousand SIM were sold;
Islamabad (APP) the use of mobile phone in the country is increasing
day by day. According to PTA (Pakistan Tale Communication Authority) in
January 2012, 17 lak, 31 thousand 72 new sims were sold and the number of

25

mobile phones users reached upto 11 crore 46 lake, 6 thousands 658, which
indicates that 66.5% of the total population are using mobile phones.
According to the report in mobile phone industry Mobilink is leading.
The number of its users are 34.7 million while Telenor is on the second position
and the number of it users are 28.47 million. The Ufone customers are 22.02
million, the customers of Zong are 14.42 million and the users of the Warid are
14.99 million.
According to PTA, during the month of January Mobilink sold 0.481
million, Talenor 0.339 million sims. According to the report in order to extend
its network the mobile phone companies are preferring to the villages and the
people are using double sim mobile phones in order to get benefit from cheap
packages provided by mobile companies. These double sim mobile phones are
the basic causes of such a large increase of mobile users. (Daily Express
Peshawar (Friday, March 16, 2012)
2.10 DIGITAL DIETING:
For the purpose of decreasing weight we do digital dieting and we select
special food items for this purpose. So, we should also adopt the habit of
digital dieting in this modern period because we all are the victims of higher
connectivity.
Mostly, the people ask the question that whether mobile phone is
fruitful or a flaw and suddenly I remember the story of a English film. In 1963
a film was released, its name was the servant. In the film james fox is master
and dirk bogarde is servant. But the servant control his master so wisely that
the master became the servant and the servant became the master. I think that
26

these smart phones, ipod, lap top and many other modern inventions, all are
waiting for our gestures and they are our servants. But the fact is that we have
became the servants and we are used by mobile phones through their gestures.
Some years before only doctors would be on call but now every man is on duty
24 hours a day. There is no mobile phone in your hands but the magic lamp of
aladin. When you touch it, a ghost appears and says Whats the order my
lord!.
Smart phones have destroyed our peace that the concept of difference
between personal life and private life has come to an end. Your boss do not feel
shame while using phone after duty timing. There is no concept of on time or
off time. The vacations also passes in this confusion. The people call the people
but they dont think that the called person will be busy. There is difference in
time zone in deferent countries of the world but we dont even think about this
that what the time will be there. A call comes and all the programme get
disturbed. The people do not think that if their call is not received, they should
send a message and have a wait for reply. As you knock the door of some one
three times and if there is no reply then you should go back. Same is the case
with phone, call there person 3 times if he does not reply then leave. It, but
what can I say about determine callers who continuously call at when at last
their call is received.
I think we are badly addicted to the technology. Ofcom is the institute of
Tele Communication in England. Some days ago they made a Survey. It was
found that 60% teenagers and 37% grown ups are addicted to smart phones.

27

If there is any decision making person, a businessman, or any one, the

main flaw in mobile phones is that at exact time a call comes and suddenly we
change our decision. This think is disastrous because we make a decision after
a lot of considerations and after receiving the call we change our decision and
the effects of this change do not come to our mind for the time being.
In my view the only solution is digital dieting. As the control of over
weight is concerned we should take care of eating and drinking and we pass
through dieting, similarly to decrease higher connectivity digital dieting is
the only way.
We should decide that at eating times we will not check emails. At night
times we should switch off mobile phone, or at least on holiday we should feel
the phone that who is the Master, but it is only saying, who will act upon
this. If you start digital dieting the people will be uneasy.
A scholar Howard Business school Leslie per lows book came to
market. Its name is sleeping with your smart phone. In this book the female
writer tells that digital dieting is a combine process and it is very difficult that
an individual person will act on digital dieting i.e. that the administration of an
institute should decide that during a particular period of time no one will
disturb each other by calling. In this case the writer has also given an example.
The consultant group of Bostan Many Macho consultation collectively act
upon the digital dieting. In the consequences of this policy their efficiency was
much improved as compared to earlier and the servants worked much more and
showed very good results. (M.Bilal Ghauri March 31, 2012, Daily Mashriq).

28

2.11 EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONES ON STUDENTS

Cell phones present new opportunities and challenges for students.
Along with their books and school supplies, many students make their daily
trip to school with their trusty mobile phones. These pocket-sized tools can do
anything. The presence of cell phones present a host of option and challenges
for todays students. Mobile phone can be a helpful academic tool, or a hurtful
academic disruption depending upon the attitude and use pattern of the students
owner.
More Convenience
Mobile phones are undeniably convenient. Because of mobile phones,
students never have to look for a pay phone or wonder about the location of a
friend. These communication tools allow students to reach their peers and their
parents instantly. Every thing from ordering a pizza, to calling to check movie
times is easier with a cell phone, as the communication device you need is right
at your finger tips.
Greater-technology availability
Picture-taking and internet surfing are readily available on most cell
phones. This aids students in gathering the information that need for school or
accessing their email or school website. Students benefits form this technology
availability as it allows them to create more polished academic products with
less effort then before the ready availability.
Improved Personal Security:
Many parents argue that cell phones keep students safe. A parent is
never more than a phone call away when a students is carrying his cell phone.

29

The presence of a cell phone also ensures that students call parents or
emergency personnel in the case of an unforeseen emergency. Whole most
students will never have to use their cell phone as a safety device, the
knowledge that it could be used as such put parents at ease and keeps them
paying the monthly cell phone bill. (Ijaz Ahmad M.Ed, 2009-2010)

30

CHAPTER -3
METHODS AND PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY
This chapter is concerned with the description of methodology and
procedure which was applied while conducting this research study regarding
The Effects of Mobile Phone on Students Learning and Behavior. This
chapter includes details about population and sample of the study.
It also describes the construction of questionnaire and the process of
tabulation and analysis of data.
3.1 NATURE OF THE WORK:
It is a term which simply indicates the broad fields of study, depending
upon the availability of literature and information. This study is concerned with
the investigation and analysis of the effects of mobile phones on the
intermediate level male students in Peshawar city.
3.2 METHODOLOGY USED:
Survey type descriptive research method is used in this study. It involves
collection, tabulation, interpretation of data obtained through questionnaire
with regard to the effects of mobile phones and the respondents answers.
3.3 POPULATION:
Population consisted of Intermediate level male students studying in all
the male colleges of Peshawar City.
3.4 SAMPLE:
Four male colleges of Peshawar city were selected as sample of this
study. Out of these four colleges two were government and the rest of two
31

colleges were from private sector (Annexed as A). Further more 100
intermediate level male students (25 from each college) were selected on
random sampling technique.
3.5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE:
To carry out research and conduct the survey a questionnaire was set up
relating to the effects of mobile phones on intermediate level male students in
Peshawar city. It was constructed, revised and improved further with the
suggestions and recommendations of our supervisor and finally was got
improved from the concerned supervisor.
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF QUESTIONS:
The items / questions included in the questionnaire are simple, easy to
understand and easy to fill them. In all of the items suggested responses have
been provided and the respondent has only to indicate his option.
3.7 AREAS CONTAINED IN THE INSTRUMENT:
The questionnaire consists of the following aspects about the effects of
mobile phones on inter mediate level male students.
1.

Effects of having personal mobile.

2.

Effects of mobile internet on students.

3.

Medically bad effects of mobile phones.

4.

Bad effects on students study.

5.

Effects of long talking packages.

6.

Effects of SMS (short message service) on students study.

32

7.

Effects on the character of the students.

8.

Whether

mobile helps the students for the purpose of getting

knowledge.
9.

Role of parents.

10.

Role of teachers in this matter.

3.8 ADMINISTRATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE:

Before administration, the questionnaire permission in distributing was
sought from all the principals of concerned colleges, showing them an authority
covering letter from the director of institute of education and research,
Peshawar University. Their co-operation was demanded in this process. The
questionnaire was administered personally among all the concern colleges in
order to collect true and accurate data and to remove any difficultly or
confusion if faced by the respondent on the spot.
3.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE DATA FOR THE ANALYSIS:
The raw data as collected was arranged according to its nature and put into
tables. After tabulation the data was analyzed, interpreted and findings were
made accordingly. Percentage was used for the interpretation of data. A
comparative analysis has been done in each table among all the sample/groups.

33

CHAPTER-4
TABULATION AND DATA ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of this chapter is to arrange/ tabulate the raw data according
to its nature. Tables of all questions given in the questionnaires have been
arranged in a sequential manner.
Tables on each question and then its responses have been analyzed and
have been expressed in percentage. In the light of responses given by the
respondents findings occurred, followed by conclusions.
Table 1:

Do you have a personal mobile phone?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

95

95%

No

4%

No Response

1%

Total

100

100%

Analysis:
The above table shows that 95% of respondents keep personal mobile
phones and 4% of the respondents do not have personal mobile phones. This
shows that majority of the intermediate level male students in Peshawar city are
using personal mobile phones. While 1% students did not reply.

34

Table 2:

It yes then why you keep it?

(a) For need

(b) For enjoyment
(c) For education purpose

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

For need

67

67%

For enjoyment

21

21%

For Education

5%

No reply

7%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
It is quite evident from the above table that 67% of the students use
their cells for the purpose of need and 21% of the students use cells for
enjoyment. While only 5% students of Peshawar city are using mobile phone
especially for education purposes.

35

Table 3:

Do your parents allow you to keep mobile phone?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

84

84%

No

15

15%

No response

1%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
The above table shows that 84% of the students replied in yes which
indicates that 84% students are allowed by their parents to keep personal
mobile phone, while 15% of the students replied in no which means that 15%
of the students are not allowed by their parents to have personal mobile phone.

36

Table 4:

It yes then why they allow you to keep it?

(a) for keeping communication with you

(b) for your pleasure
(c) for education purpose
Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

For keeping communication

71

71%

For your pleasure

9%

For Education purpose

10

10%

No repay

10

10%

Total

100

100%

Analysis:
The given table clearly indicates that 71% of the intermediate level male
students keep cell for the purpose of keeping communication with their parents.
While 9% of the respondents keep cell phones for the sake of pleasure and
remaining 10% of the students keep mobile phones for the education purpose.

37

Table 5:

Do you use internet in your mobile phone?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

34

34%

No

65

65%

No Reply

1%

Total

100

100%

Analysis:
This table shows that 34% of the intermediate students use internet in
their cell phones and the remaining 65% of the students are not using internet
in their mobile phones. It indicates that majority of the students do not use
internet through mobile phones.

38

Table 6:

It you use internet, then what type of websites

you search?

(a) Sports
(b) Showbiz
(c) Education
Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Sports

06

06%

Showbiz

28

28%

Education

18

18%

No reply

48

48%

Total

100

100%

Analysis:
From the above table we conclude that 6% of the intermediate male
students in Peshawar use mobile phones for specially the purpose of sports.
28% of the students use cells for the purpose of showbiz. The remaining 18%
students use mobile phones for education purposes while 48% of the
respondents did not reply.

39

Table 7:

In your view, is mobile phone beneficial for you?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

53

53%

No

44

44%

No response

3%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
It is quite clear from the above table that 53% of the intermediate
students consider mobile phone beneficial and fruitful. The remaining 44% of
the students say that mobile phone is not beneficial rather it is harmful, but still
they are using mobile phone.

40

Table 8:

Do you think that mobile phones have some bad

effects on your study?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

80

80%

No

19

19%

No Reply

1%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
This table shows that 80% of the students in Peshawar consider mobile
phone harmful for their study. They say that there cells have so many bad
effects on their study. While 19% students say that cell phones have no bad
effects upon their study.

41

Table 9:

Are you using long talking packages?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

25

25%

No

73

73%

No reply

2%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
It is obvious from this table that 25% of the respondents use long talking
packages offered by the mobile companies. While 73% the students are not
using long talking packages.

42

Table 10: It yes, then for what purpose you use these
packages?

(a) Gossips
(b) Meaningful
Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Gossips

32

32%

Meaningful

17

17%

No reply

51

51%

Total

100

100%

Analysis:
This table shows that 32% of the students use long talking packages for
gossips. It means that large number of student use these package for time pass
and meaningless purpose while 17% of the students use these packages for
good purposes.

43

Table 11: Do you use SMS (Short Message Service)?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

74

74%

No

22

22 %

No reply

4%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
This table clearly shows that 74% of the students use SMS packages and
the remaining 22% of the students in Peshawar city are not using SMS
packages. It means that majority of the students in Peshawar City are in the
habit of using SMS packages.

44

Table 12: Do your study get effected by SMS packages?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

66

66%

No

28

28%

No response

6%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
It is quite obvious from the table given above that about 66% of the
respondents say that their study is effected by using SMS packages. While the
remaining 28% of the students say that there is no bad effect on their study by
using SMS packages.

45

Table 13: Do you use mobile phone in the classroom?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

40

40%

No

58

58%

No reply

2%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
The above table shows very interesting result which says that about 40%
of the intermediate level male students in Peshawar city use their mobile
phones in the classroom. It means that they are using their mobile phones even
inside the classroom. While 58% of the students do not use cell phone in the
classroom.

46

Table 14: In your view late night packages should be

banned by the government?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

71

71%

No

26

26%

No response

3%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
Now we are deriving a very interesting result from the above table, in
which 71% of the student say that late night packages should be banned by the
government although many of them are using these packages. While 26% of
the students oppose this idea that government should ban late night packages.

47

Table 15

Do you feel that mobile phones have medically

some adverse effects on you?

Description

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

74

74%

No

22

22%

No reply

4%

100

100%

Total

Analysis:
From the above table it can be concluded that 74% of the students are of
the view that mobile phones have medically some adverse effects. While the
remaining 22% of the students say that they do not feel any adverse effects of
their cell phones.

48

Table 16: Do your teachers appreciate

personal cell phone?

Description

you

for

No. of Responses

Percentage

Yes

14

14%

No

82

82%

No response

4%

100

100%

Total

having

Analysis:
It is quite obvious from the above stated facts by the table that 14% of
the intermediate level male students from various colleges of Peshawar are of
the view that usually their teachers appreciate them for having personal mobile
phones. While 82% students say that their teachers in the colleges dislike them
for having personal mobile phones with them while 4% of the respondents did
not reply.

49

CHAPTER -5
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
As far as this chapter is concerned, it is fully devoted to findings and
conclusion based upon the study and survey conducted in the intermediate level
male colleges of Peshawar city.
In the light of findings, conclusions, recommendations are made and the
final summary of the whole study is presented.
5.1 FINDINGS:
Analysis of the collected data shows that:
1.

95% respondents keep their personal mobile phones while 4% of the

respondents do not have their personal mobile phones. While 1%
students did not reply. (Table 4.1)

2.

67% students use their cell phones for the purpose of need and 21%
students use mobile phones for just enjoyment, while only 5% students
of Peshawar city are using mobile phones especially for the purpose of
education. (Table 4.2)

3.

84% intermediate level male students of Peshawar city are allowed by

their parents to keep personal cell phone while 15% students are not
allowed by their parents to keep personal mobile phones. (Table 4.3)

4.

71% intermediate level male students keep mobile phones for the
purpose of keeping communication with their parents, while 9%
students keep cell phones for the sake of pleasure and the remaining

50

10% of the students keep cell phones for specially the education
purposes. (Table 4.4)
5.

34% students use internet through their mobile phones while 65%
student are not using internet through cell phone. (Table 4.5)

6.

6% students use cell phones especially for sports and 28% students use
it for showbiz especially, while 18% students use it especially for
education. (Table 4.6)

7.

53% students consider mobile phone beneficial and fruitful while 44%
students say that it is harmful for students. (Table 4.7)

8.

80% students say that mobile phone is a big hindrance and problem for
their study while 19% students say that cell phone have no adverse
effect upon their study. (Table 4.8)

9.

In Peshawar city 25% intermediate level male students use long talking
packages offered by mobile companies while 73% students do not use
long talking packages. (Table 4.9)

10.

32% students use long talking packages for gossips while 17% students
use these packages for good purposes. (Table 4.9)

11.

74% intermediate level male students in Peshawar city use SMS

packages while 22% students are not using SMS packages. (Table 4.11)

12.

66% respondents say that SMS packages have bad effects on their study
while 28% are of the view that SMS packages do not affect their study.
(Table 4.12)

51

13.

40% students use their mobile phones in the classroom while 58%
intermediate level male students do not use cell phones in classroom.
(Table 4.13)

14.

71% respondents say that late night packages should be banned by the
government and 26% students say that government should not ban late
night packages. (Table 4.14)

15.

74% students are of the view that cell phones have medically bad effects
on their health while 22% students say that they do not feel medically
any adverse effects upon their health. (Table 4.15)

16.

14% respondents say that their teachers appreciate them for having
personal mobile phone while 82% students say that their teachers
disagree with them for having personal cell phones. (Table 4.16)

5.2 CONCLUSIONS:
Following points are concluded from the data collected.
1.

Majority of intermediate level male students are allowed by their parents

to keep their personal mobile phones while very less number of students
are not allowed by their parents to have personal mobile phones. Most
of the students use mobile phones for basic needs. Through mobile
phones these students keep communication with their parents while
some of them use it for entertainment.

2.

Majority of the students consider mobile phone beneficial for them.

They use it for audio, video songs and for showbiz also. While it is also

52

concluded form the reply of these students that majority of them are not
using mobile phone for internet.
3.

Majority of the students in Peshawar City are using SMS packages and
it is very interesting that out of these students a lot of them say that SMS
packages have adverse effects on their study.

4.

A large number of students do not use their cells inside the classroom
and they are also not appreciated by their teachers for having personal
mobile phones. But still there are some students who use mobile phones
inside the classrooms. In order to minimize the medically adverse effects
on their health and their study late night packages should be banned by
the government.

5.

A large number of students feel advise effects of mobile phones on there

health therefore they are of the view that the use of cells are effecting
their health. They say that in order to minimize the medically adverse
effects on their health and their study. Late night packages should be
banned by the government.

6.

From the responses of the large number of student it is obvious that

although they use mobile phones but its large use has affected their
studies because mostly their attention is towards their mobile phones
instead of the study.

7.

Thus it is concluded that hypothesis made in this study Intermediate

level male students are happy and satisfied by keeping personal mobile
phones. But they are basically ignoring the negative aspects of mobile
phones. In some cases, the use of mobile phones is beneficial, but in
53

some cases it is harmful to the character, health and to the study as well
is supported.
5.3 SUGGESTIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS:
1.

Intermediate level male students can keep personal mobile phones but it
is the duty of the parents and teachers to guide them properly in order to
avoid the adverse effects of mobile phones on these students.

2.

During study hours, students should switch off mobile phones because
by receiving SMS and calls, will diverge their attention from the study.

3.

Mobile phones in the colleges should be banned by the government

because many students are using mobile phones inside the class rooms.
They are usually busy in sending SMS and they do not give attention to
the lectures.

4.

As it is concluded from so many researches that mobile phones have so

many medically adverse effects on the subscriber which leads to the
destruction of the health of the user. So, students should use mobile
phone minimum and up to the need.

5.

It is suggested to the government that late night packages should be

banned, because late time is suitable for study and many students are
busy in talking with friends (male or female), which leads them to moral
corruption and wastage of time.

6.

Mobile phone is a modern invention and providing facilities to the

people of the whole world but its positive and good aspects should be
adopted while its bad aspects should be rejected by all users.

54

REFERENCES
1.

Ship to Shore Telephone Service Opened, Popular Science, March 1930

page 34

2.

Gordon A. Gow, Richard K. Smith Mobile and wireless

communications: an introduction, McGraw-Hill International,
2006 ISBN 0335217613 page 23

3.

Nathan J. Muller Wireless A to Z McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003 ISBN

0071410880 pages 1718

4.

1947 memo by Douglas H. Ring proposing hexagonal cells

5.

article by Tom Farley "Cellular Telephone Basics"

6.

a b

7.

http://techchannel.att.com/play-video.cfm/2011/6/13/AT&T-Archives-

See Amos Joel patent 3,663,762.

AMPS:-coming-of-age
8.

^ a b AT&T article

9.

"Switching Plan for a Cellular Mobile Telephone System:, Z. Fluhr and

E. Nussbaum, IEEE Transactions on Communications volume 21,
#11 p. 1281 (1973)

10.

"Data signaling functions for a cellular mobile telephone system", V.

Hachenburg, B. Holm and J. Smith, IEEE Trans Vehicular
Technology, volume 26, #1 p. 82 (1977)

11.

Mingtao Shi, Technology base of mobile cellular operators in Germany

and China, page 55

12.

Facts about the Mobile. A Journey through Time

13.

The first Russian mobile phone

55

14.

Shiels, Maggie (21 April 2003). "BBC interview with Martin Cooper".
BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2963619.stm.

15.

"Martin

Cooper-The

Inventer

of

the

Cell

Phone".

http://www.cellular.co.za/cellphone_inventor.htm. Retrieved 23
March 2012.
16.

Cooper, et al., "Radio Telephone System", US Patent number 3,906,166;

Filing date: 17 October 1973; Issue date: September 1975;
Assignee Motorola

17.

"Motorola Executive Helped spur Cellphone Revolution, Oversaw Illfated Iridium Project". The Wall Street Journal, 2021 June 2009,
p. A10.

18.

"John F. Mitchell, 19282009: Was president of Motorola from 1980 to

'95, Chicago Tribune, June 17, 2009, retrieved June 17, 2009".
Chicagotribune.com.

http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-

hed-jmitchell-17-jun17,0,955426.story. Retrieved 29 July 2009.

19.

"Swedish

National

Museum

of

Science

and

Technology".

Tekniskamuseet.se.
http://www.tekniskamuseet.se/mobilen/engelska/1980_90.shtml.
Retrieved 29 July 2009.
20.

Swedish Patent N:o 357481 Mobile radio system, 1971.

21.

Mobile and technology: The Basics of Mobile Phones

22.

The cell phone 50 years facts and numbers

23.

Vodafone

24.

Privateline.com: 3G and Cellular radio Information

56

25.

Gopal, Thawatt (1115 March 2007). "EVDO Rev. A Control Channel

Bandwidth Analysis for Paging". IEEE Wireless Communications
and

Networking

Conference.

IEEE.

pp.

32627.

doi:10.1109/WCNC.2007.601.
26.

Fahd Ahmad Saeed. "Capacity Limit Problem in 3G Networks". Purdue

School

of

Engineering.

http://www.ece.iupui.edu/~dskim/Classes/ECE695MWN/2006saeed-Capacity_Limit_Problem_in_3G_Networks.ppt. Retrieved
23 April 2010.
27.

"VoIP

Support

in

Nokia

Devices".

http://www.forum.nokia.com/Technology_Topics/Mobile_Techno
logies/VoIP/Nokia_VoIP_Framework/VoIP_support_in_Nokia_de
vices.xhtml. Retrieved 16 August 2009.[dead link]
28.

Daily Urdu News paper Express Peshawar, Friday March 16, 2012,
Page 6 Business Page)

29.

Book Name: Sleeping with Your Smart Phone Writers Name Leslie
Perlow.

30.

Daily Urdu News Paper Mashriq, Saturday March 31, 2012, Page 6,
M.Bilal Ghauri.. Columnist).

31.

IJAZ AHMAD (M.Ed I.E.R Peshawar university.

32.

Session 2009-2010) Page, 6, 7)

33.

Research title IMPACT of Mobile phone on students at secondary

school level

57

APPENDIX-A
LIST OF COLLEGES SELECTED
The following colleges of Peshawar city were selected for this purpose.
1.

Government College Peshawar

2.

Government Superior Science College Peshawar

3.

Muslim Postgraduate College of Commerce and Management Sciences

Campus-II, Peshawar

4.

Jinnah Islamia College Peshawar

58

APPENDIX-B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Topic:
The effects of mobile phone on students learning

Students Name:
Class:
Institution:

1. Do you have a personal mobile?

Yes/No
2. If yes then why you keep it?
a. For need
b. for enjoyment
c. for educational purpose
3. Do your parents allow you to keep mobile phone?
Yes/No
4. If yes, then why they allow you to keep it?
a. For keeping communication with you.
b. For your pleasure
c. For educational purpose.
5. Do you use internet through your mobile phone?
Yes/No
6. If you use internet, then what type of websites you search?
a. Sports
b. Showbiz
c. Education
7. In your view, is mobile phone beneficial for you?
Yes/No
8. Do you think that mobile phones have some bad effects on your study?
9. Are you using long talking packages?

Yes/No
Yes/No

10. If yes, then for what purposes you use these packages?
a. Gossips
b. Meaningful
11. Do you use SMS (short message service)?
12. Do your study get effect by sms packages?
13. Do you use mobile phone in the classroom?

Yes/No
Yes/No
Yes/No

59

14. In your view late night packages should be banned by the govt.?
Yes/No
15. Do you feel that mobile phones have medically some adverse effects on you?
Yes/No
16. Do your teachers appreciate you for having personal cell phone?
Yes/No

60