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A time interval equal to 1/360 of the time required for one complete cycle of alternating
current. Mechanical rotation is often measured in degrees, 360 constituting one complete
revolution. In describing alternating voltages and currents, the time for one complete cycle is
considered to be equivalent to 360 electrical degrees (360) or 2&pgr; electrical radians. For
example, if the frequency f is 60 cycles per second (60 Hz), 360 corresponds to 1/60 second
and 1 electrical degree to 1/21,600 second.
There is a definite relationship between electrical and mechanical degrees in rotating electric
generators and motors. The illustration shows typical coil and angular relationships in a twopole alternator. As the magnetic field in the machine moves relative to the coils in the
armature winding, the coils are linked sequentially by the fluxes of north and south magnetic
poles; two flux reversals induce one cycle of voltage in a given coil. Thus, in a two-pole
machine 360 of electrical cycle corresponds to 360 of mechanical rotation, and an angle
measured in mechanical degrees has the same value in electrical degrees. However, in a
machine with more than two poles, one electrical cycle is generated per pair of poles per
revolution. For example, a six-pole machine generates three cycles of voltage in each
armature coil per revolution. In this case, each mechanical degree is equivalent to 3
electrical degrees. In general, the relationship
below is valid, where p is the number of magnetic poles of either the rotor or the stator. It
follows that the electrical angle between the centers of succeeding poles of opposite polarity
is always 180 electrical degrees.
The concept of electrical degrees simplifies the analysis of multipolar machines by allowing
them to be analyzed on a two-pole basis. Furthermore, it permits trigonometry to be used in
solving alternating-current problems. See Alternating current, Electric rotating
machinery,Generator, Motor, Windings in electric machinery
Slip ring
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sketch of a cross-section of slip rings for an electric motor. In this example, the slip rings have a
brush-lifting device and a sliding contact bar, allowing the slip-rings to be short-circuited when no
longer required. This can be used in starting a slip-ring induction motor, for example.
A slip ring is an electromechanical device that allows the transmission of power and electrical signals from
a stationary to a rotating structure. A slip ring can be used in any electromechanical system that requires
unrestrained, intermittent or continuous rotation while transmitting power and / or data. It can improve
mechanical performance, simplify system operation and eliminate damage-prone wires dangling from
movable joints.
Also called rotary electrical interfaces, rotating electrical connectors, collectors, swivels, orelectrical
rotary joints, these rings are commonly found in slip ring motors, electrical generators foralternating
current (AC) systems and alternators and in packaging machinery, cable reels, and wind turbines. They can
be used on any rotating object to transfer power, control circuits, or analog or digital signals including data
such as those found on aerodrome beacons, rotating tanks, power shovels, radio telescopes or heliostats.
A slip ring (in electrical engineering terms) is a method of making an electrical connection through a rotating
assembly. Formally, it is an electric transmission device that allows energy flow between two electrical
rotating parts, such as in a motor.
Contents
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1 Composition
3 References
4 External links
[4]
Mercury-wetted slip rings, noted for their low resistance and stable connection use a different principle
which replaces the sliding brush contact with a pool of liquid metal molecularly bonded to the contacts.
During rotation the liquid metal maintains the electrical connection between the stationary and rotating
contacts. However, the use of mercury poses safety concerns, as it is a toxic substance. If a slip ring
application involves food manufacturing or processing, pharmaceutical equipment, or any other use where
contamination could be a serious threat, the choice should be precious metal contacts. Leakage of the
mercury and the resultant contamination could be extremely serious. The slip ring device is also limited by
temperature, as mercury solidifies at approximately -40 C.[5]
A pancake slip ring [6] has the conductors arranged on a flat disk as concentric rings centered on the
rotating shaft. This configuration has greater weight and volume for the same circuits, greater capacitance
and crosstalk, greater brush wear and more readily collects wear debris on its vertical axis. However, a
pancake offers reduced axial length for the number of circuits, and so may be appropriate in some
applications.
Slip rings are made in various sizes; one device made for theatrical stage lighting had 100 conductors.
[7]
The slip ring allows for unlimited rotations of the connected object, whereas a slack cable can only be