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Steel cylinders
Partners involved
Roquet
Labson
Cinme
IFTR
Cenaero
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1.- It exist a so called material S-N curve, obtained empirically testing smooth specimen This curve is ad equated to be used to use with
F.E.M stresses
2.- S-N curves for real pieces are obtained applying a coefficient Kf to this material curve which affects to the long life's zone basically
3.- Slope of the S-N curve depends of the stress concentration
4.- S-N curves a highly dependent on the ultimate strength of the material
5.- Standards recommends S-N curves corresponding to a reliability of 99,99 %, no information about the 50 % reliability curve
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There are an impressive amount of literature presenting the approach of a material curve
corresponding to smooth specimens and a curve corrected for parts including the concept of
stress concentration factor
Considerable part of this works referees to tests done in a bending machine were fatigue are
related to a flexion phenomena
1000.0
100.0
exp
PWL1
exp
PWL3
exp
PWL4
10.0
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
N [cyc]
Morrow and Juvinal approach ,with a pivoting point corresponding to stress near Su
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m=3 approach ,
F.E.M.
Guarantied life
Rel 100%
Average
Rel.= 50%
Average
Rel.= 50%
Nominal
stresses
Guarantied life
Rel 100%
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MA
12
P l 2 Di
A =
=
Di s 2
W
54
M Pa.
1000
100
10
1.000
10.000
100.000
CYCLES
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1.000.000 10.000.000
PROPOSAL
upper limit of
validity
1000
port1 roto
50%
99,9%
100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1.000.000 10.000.00
0
Upper limit
of validity
50%
1000
45x52
50%
50x55
50X57
Stress
45x50
100
80X92
m=3
55X65
50X60
45X55
m-3s
100,0%
10
1.000
10.000
100.000
Life (cycles)
100%
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1.000.000
10.000.000
C 100
50%
N/Nm=3,1
N/Nm=2,7 ( )
C 70
99,9%
C 50
99,9%
C 60
50%
C 35
99,9%
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N/Nm=5
Scattering depends on
-How good is the nominal stress
formula choose
-Quantity of experimental results
June 2007
1000
50%
100,0%
St35
Stress
St35
100
10
10
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100
1.000
10.000
100.000
Life (cycles)
1.000.000 10.000.00
0
Do specimens S-N curve conform the current state of the art ( Extrapolation from flexion load )
Do the specimen curve conform with the local stresses S-N curve?
TRACTION
1 .0 0 0 ,0
F114
50% F114
F111
4 0 .3
5 0 % 4 0 .3
50% F111
1 0 0 ,0
1
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
1000000
0
Life design
Cast iron cylinders
Partners involved
Roquet
Labson
Cinme
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m=8,62
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DUCTILE
m=6,5
1000
2045
2856
2108
Pl 2620
50%
100,0%
m-3s
Serie11
Serie4
Question:
Why so high stress values?
Is it a question of the FEM computer
code?, material ?, geometry?
100
100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1.000.000
10.000.000
Crack Propagation
Partners involved
Roquet
Cenaero
ROQUET - COORDINADOR
Crack propagation
State of the art
Do crack propagation
dominates the cylinder life ?
( so it is of application the
fracture mechanics approach)
Paris law: widely used
da
m
=C (K )
dN
K = G a
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Nf =
G 1 1,2 1,12
1
2
(m 2 )
(m 2)C (G ao
(m 2 )
af
INTENSIVE
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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211 MPa
16
14
y = 0,0004x - 50,234
y = 0,0004x - 42,672
12
y = 0,001x - 32,106
10
Crack
size
mm
8
6
4
2
0
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
cycles
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Cylinder rods
Technically will succeed
Some socioeconomic aspects to
be considered
Hand levers
Substitution of bicromated eternal
layer with Cr*6 , by an oxinitrurated
layer
Chrome substitution
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Are laboratory tests results, representative of the actual behavior of the protection layers??
Saline atmosphere
NSS 72
NSS 500
Oxinitrocarburiced
CASS 64
NSS 500
NSS 72
Oxinitrocarburiced
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