I

.rd
'Er,
It:l

Unit rroUK

l;

{{

i,1

s,
r{

'rl

t.ii

Y
:i!

t a n d a i d a h u l u l u b a n g ny a . ,
Ron memperlihatkan
kepadaAlan cara melubangip apandenganbor,

t.

ri
l!&

S
,ii
!,i}

'First,you
ma'rkthe hole.'
'Muta-mula

First, you mark

the hole.Then,
you placethe wood
in a vice.Next,
you switchon the
drill. Finally,
you drill the
hole.
(b) vice

,5,!

*
r},i
't
6

r.r rlt llllrttr.l*lj

Cocokkangambardi atas denganpetunjuk Ron:

Contoh: First,you mark the hole.- (c)
Susunlahpetunjuk berikut ini menurut urutan yang tepat:
Contoh: I Mark the hole.
Switch on

Placett.Git
a vice.
3

,ffi

Itt. atitt'

lsh,'',I*E

in-

ffi,r'te electric

ark the hole

Lengkapilah kata-kata Ron. Gunakan petunjuk di atas:

T,{'}

II

22

i*

13 Buat petunjukdari jawabanLatihan 12.GunakanWITH atau USING:

contolt: (a) Removea nail from a tyre with a pair of pliers.
or Removea nail fro'r a tyre usinga pair of pliers

$
ls
ffi
:.*
$:

if

{,*
I

ti"$l:

14 Pelajarilah:

:s

15 Lengkapikalimat-kalimatini.
Gunakankata dari deretle:
sebelahkiri:
(a) Tie the bag . . .
(b) Hold the pipe
(c) Spreadthe mortar on the
brick . . .
(d) Put the glassdown

il

arefully
firmly

'(e) Hit the stone

...
(f) Measurethe line . .

'a'

16 Cocokkankata'kata pada ketiga kolom. Buat pertanyaandan jawaban:

contoh: (a) - (5) - (c): e: Removethis nail fiom the tyre.
n: How?
A:.Pull it firmly with a pair of pliers
Job

(l) remove/nail/tyre
(b) make/hole/steel
plate
(c) ioin/cables
(al check/concrete/dry
(:) check/width/shelr
(f) paint/wall

Method

(l) twist/tightly
(2) press/gJntly
(3) drill/carefully
(4) measure/carifulty
(5i puu/firmly
(6) ipread/evlnly

.la

z)

Tool

(e) electricdrill
iri finger
ic) pui, of pliers
io) 6rush
(nf nta,
rtl|ts pirilil

'ri.

{,
.'}
#
\;
.l:

'(!

,l

'$

4 ( B ) R e a d i ncgo m p r e h e n s i o n

MASONRY

:lrr::f.:.F:+:.r.$r.\\1r...
::,*ls.:..lillilll'+iit:lti1:tr:.f

rHow to prepare a T--

.::

, LJ

$ foundation for a brick walt fliii

itii

I Uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
fini;",e/untir
it i, "uo,t,rs0
mmdeep.,:,:J':r
#
$$$$$
and 300 mm wide
iiii

t#$$$$
9 9I?"t that the floor of the trench is horizontal using a ptumb-and-levet.
iii 4 Make su?ethat the sr'desof the trench are vertical.
ir 5 Pface pegs in the floor of the trench and stretch a line between them.
iii 6 Check that the line is horizontal.
i[ 7 Fill up the trench evenly with concrete until it is level with the line.
iii 8 Leave the concrete until it is hard.
Iii 9 Build the wall on'the concrete
I ........!.;.:.::r:::l:ililliiil$l:;;i::t

4p" nama benda-bendaini?

(Lihat kata-kata di teks yang
dicetak miring.)

3 Lengkapilah:
. (a) Betweenthe pegsthereis a-.
(b) Mark out the trenchbefore
you
(c) Checkthat the concreteis
hard beforeyou
4

Perhatikan gambar ini, dan

jawablah pertanyaan di bawah:

Contoh: (a) This is calleda trench.

24

ii
n
if
It

(c) How do you checkthat the

sidesof the trenchare
vertical?
(ANswER:
Checkit with a _ .)
(d) How do you checkthat the
is horizontal?
,line

The wall is plumb.

The line iSlevel.

2 Jawablahpertanyaanini:
(a) What is the width of the
trench?
(b) What is its depth?

l$fi
iii
'ii

(a) What does'plumb' mean?

(b) What does'level'mean?
Catatan' Gunakan dua kata
dari teks di atas.

U n i t FIT/E

r
*
'l!

il

'The

water ff ows out here.'

,Airkeruar
darisini.,

Ron danKamalsedan-g
memperhatikan
tukangbatubekerja.Ron menjelaskan
pekerjaanitu pada Kamal.

Ilir.trltr

Watchthe bricklaver.
J
First,he picks
up a brick.
Then,'hespreads
mortaron it.
Next, he puts the
brick on [he concrete.
Then,he checks
that it is level.
Then,he-picks up
anotherbrick...

tll.tr

t=,:
\ ? ,

s)

'/

Susun gambar di bawah ini

, hingga berurutan:

Pelajarilah:

pick
spread
put
check

+S

he picks
he spreads
he puts
he checks

switch
go

*es

he switches
he goes

Buatlahpetunjuk dari kalimat.kalimatini:

Contoh: (a) I Get a spanner.'2Removethe nuts. 3 Take off the
wheel.
(a) First, Kamal getsa spanner.Then,he removesthe nuts. Finally,
he
takesoff the wheel.
(b) Kamal insertsthe key, turns it clockwiseand startsthe engine:
(c) Ron digs the trenchout, pours in the concreteand checks
that it is
level.

25

(d) First, Kamal picksup the hammerand the punch.Next, he placesthe

punchon the mark. Finally,he hits it with the hammer.
(e) R.onplacesthe pegsin the ground and stretchesthe line beiweenthem.
(f) Kamal marksthe hole,plaJesthe wood in a vice,switclieson the ,:lrill
and drills the hole.
4 Lengkapilah.Ubah kata-katadalam kurung:
Contoh: The waterflowisout of the tap . . .
level

(go) along
(flow) out of the tap and into the pipe. It The water
(pour) out of the pipe and into the tank. Then the
the pipe and then
(rise).
wdter level in the tank -:5

Buat uraian serupa dari gambar ini:

Susun kalimat-kalinrat ini hingga benrnrtan (Angka pada gamtlar

menunjukkan urutan yang benar):

level

oJ,

prpe
A
- Thc lloat gocsup.
- The waterflowsinto the tank.
- The waterstops.
7

-- The valvccloses.
- The water levelrises.
Begin; 1 The water flows into the tank.

Apa yang terjadi bila air keluar dari pipa A dan permukaanair turun?
Tuliskan dalam lima kalimat
Mulai dengan:Begin;l Water flows out of the tank throughpipeA.

26

3 ' T hism ak e sth e w h e e ltu rn .'

'lni membuat roda berputar.'

Ron nrenjelasketncaril kerja a l i r a n s u p l a i a l r .

The pump
makesthe
water flow
into the
tank.

This'pipe
letsthe
water
flow out of
the tank.
(
artN

PUMP
trtl

I tl I llt tit I

11 Buatlah kalimat. GunakanLETS atau MAKES:

Contoh: (a) The waterflowsdown. This makesthe wheelturn.
(a)

battery
'r.rh

wheel
(d)

(f)
chain

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

water / flow down -* wheel / turn

valve / open -+ water / flow in
switch / touch / contact -+ electric current / flow
water level /'rise --+float / rise
gear A / turn / clockwise -' gear B / turn / anticlockwise
pedal I go down -' chain / move -' wheel / rotate

29

t2 Lengkapikalimat-kalimatini:
Contoh: Ybu push the handleof the pump down. This makesthe water
pour out.
.t

pump
/

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

You push the handleof the pump down.This makes

You pressthe car accelerator
pedaldown. This
You turn the handleof the tap anti-clookwise.
This lets
You turn the steeringwheelto the left.
You turn the handleclockwise.
You pressthe brakepedaldown hard.

13 Lengkapilah.pilih kata yang sesuaidari dalam kurung:

Contoh: (a) You push the handledown. This makesthe piston

fast.

stop.

rise.

handle

//iti
/ll'
ll'
piston

valveB

valve A

(a) You push the handledown. This makesthe piston down).

(rise/go
' e-

(b) The piston rises.This makesvalve B (open/close)and it makes

(open/close).
valve A _
(tJ You pull the handleup. This makesthe piston
(rise/godown).
(d) The piston goesdown. This makesvalve^B
mahesvalveA _
(open/close). i
(e) Valve B opens.This
piston.

30

4 ( B ) R e a d i ncgo m p r e h e n s i o n

PLUMBING
PEMIPAAN
AIR

Water tap
Whenyou turn thehandleof s.watertap clockwise,
the waterstops.When you turn it anti-clockwise,
t h ew a t e rp o u r so u t o f t h et a pa g a i n H
. o w ' d o etsh i s
work?

Look at FIG.2. The tap has a

h a n d l eo n t h e t o p , a n d i n s i d et h e r e
is a bolt, and a washer.The washer
is over a hole.
When you turn the handle clockwise, this makes the bolt move
downwards. The washer then
covers the hole and stops the
water.
When you turn the handle anticlockwise,the bolt movesupwards
and the washeruncoversthe hole
again. This lets the water flow throughthe tap again.

Apa nama benda-bendapada

gambar tersebut?
(Perhatikan kata-kata,pada teks
yang dicetakmiring.)
Contoh: (a) This is calleda tap.
Jawablahpertanyaanini:
(a) How do you turn off a tap?
(b) How do you turn it on?

3l

(c) Is the hole aboveor belorv the

washer?
(d) When doesthe washerclose
the hole?
(e) Why doesthe water not flow
-throughthe tap?
(f ) How do you make the washer
move upwards?

Unit SIX

il

'This
f a d d e ri s r o n g e rt h a nt h a t o
- .n- e . ,
'Tangga

ini febihtinggi aari ,rng;r'trr.]-'

Ron inginmemperbaiki
tangkiair.

:'

Use this ladder.

It's longer than
that one.
r.lil trtr

ltltl

Lengkapitah:

Contoh: (a) longer

(a) long --+-(b) short --+
(c) strong -) _
(d) weak --+
(e) rarrow -+

Pelajarilah:
'heavy -+ heavier
wide -* wider
thin -' thinner

Bandingkan alat-alat ini. Buatlah kalimat:

Contoh: (a) Spanner A is longer than spanner
B.
(a) long
(e) strong
(b) wide
(f) light '
(c) short
(g) weak
(d) heavy
(h) narrow
Pelajarilah:
,
flexible -+ more flexible
rigid -+ more iigid
brittle -+ more brittle
combustible -+'more combustible

32

qr

5 Bandingkanbahan-bahan
ini. Buatlahkalimat:
Contoh: (a) Paperis more combustiblethan glass.
- combustible
(a) paperlglass
(d) steel/gold- expensive
(b) rubber/steel-. rigid
(e) wood/concrete- heavy
(g) glass/wood- brittle
- hard
(f) steel/lead

:t

5i

fl
:!q

#
&

.ff

6 Bandingkankunci pas ini. Buatlahkalimat:

contoh:, (a) SpannerA is 90 mm longerthan sfanner B.

A
.-'
( 4/l
.-;
t'-==\=/
(a) long
t)
(e) light
V
B
(b)
wide
(f)
cheap
q=
(c) short
(e) thick
90
I l0
(d) narrow
(h) thin

l+

-_-

(i) heavy
0) expensive

tl<--.+l

Pelajarilah:
,ffi

ffil
A is lessthan3 m long.
B is morethan3 m long..
) - more than
( : /essthan

a a
J J

Jawablahpertanyaanini:
Contoh: (a) How long is a ladder?
It's usuallymore than
1 . 5m l o n g .
(b) What is the width of a
door?It's usuallyless
than 2 m wide.
(a)'How long is a ladder?
(> 1.5m)
(b) What is the width of a door?
(<2 m)
(c) How wide is a water pipe?
(> l3 mm)
(d) How thick is a sheetof paper?
(<l mm)
r
(e) How wide is a hand pump?
(<2 m)
'a
(f) How high is house?( > Z m)
(g) What's the depth of a well?
( < 1 0 0m )

' lt ' s

as lon g a s th a t o n e .'

'Benda ini

sama paniing dengan benda itu.'

Karnal sedangmemperbaikisisternpendingindalarn mobil.

llltrr

t!.lrrIlrr

Benar (TRUE) atau salah (FALSE)?Perbaikiyang

satah:
Contoh: (a) FALSE. Car A is shorterthan car '8.
A

H IGH

I
I,

LONG
A

,fT--F-l

T\

----F-/

!-5C
h---

WIDE

rl

(a) Car A i s longerthan car B.

(b) Car A i s as wide as car B.
(c). Car B i s shorterthan car C.
(d) Car A i s as long as car C.
(e) Car C i s higherthan car A.
...t'

34

(f) Car B is narrowerthan car A.

(e) Car A is'ashigh as car B.
(h) Car B is wider than car C.
(i) Car B is as high as car C.

!"

l0 Pelajarilah:

@ @

A hasthe samediameteras B.
C has a greaterdiameterthan A and B.
A and B havea smallerdiameterthan C.

:l'l

;J,l

ac]

O^rJ,rP
Thesebolts havethe samediameterbut differentlengths.

ffi*r'W'S
Thesehave the same length but different diameters.

trNN

@N$

@uw\wl

1 1 Lihat tabel ini dan lengkapi kalimat di bawahnya:

Length
Bolt A
Bolt B
BoltC
Bolt D
ScrewE
ScrewF
ScrewG
ScrewH
(a)
(b)
'(c)
(d)

40 mm
40 mm
,40mm
40 mm
35 mm
36 mm
37 mm
38 mm.

Diameter
6 mm
6.5 mm
7mm
7.5 mm
5 mm
5 mm
5.5 mm
5.5 mm

A, B, C and D havbthe same-.

E, F, G and H have : lengths.
A, B, C and D havedifferent-.
E and F have
lengths.

(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)

G and H havethe same-.

B has a greaterthan A.
F has a diameterthan G.
E has the sameas F.

12 Lihat tabel pada Latihan 7 lagi. Tipe baut dan sekrup apakahini?
Contoh: (a) Bolt B.
(a)

i o.s

@mw
1.

(b)

40 -----.---4f

(c)
\ / fipt

EF-"".-NWlz.s
--.+l
40

l.--

(d)hms5

t@s$I

l,-'

lr

l.--

36-l

33 ---+l
';r
t .

3s

'The

most ffexible.'

'Yang pafing

lentur.,

Ron rnenjelaskantentang bahan pipa kepadaKarnal.

The steelpipeis rhe

hea','iest
and the least
flexible.The rubberone
is the most flexible.The
plasticone is ttretightest.
R !/ e|BeR

PuA5r

rq

*,HS@w

r)tll.trrtltrrl

13 Lengkapilahtabel ini:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

(e)
(h)
(i)

long
hard
wide

--r longer
-+
--)

-+

bie

-)

-)
thin
-)
quiet
heavy --'
-+
easy
noisy -+

-'
-)
-'
-+

longest

14 Buat tabel serupauntuk

kata:.kataini:
Contoh: flexible-) more
''
flexible-+ most
flexible
flexibleI rigid I brirtte I
expcnsive
/ combustible

heaviest

15 Jawablah pertanyaan_pertanyaan
ini:
(a) Which is rhe most combustible
of thesethreesubstances:
steel,wood or stone?
(b) Which is rhe hardestof thesethree
substances:
wood, steelor iron?
(c) which is the reastflexibreof these
substances:
concrete,paper or rubber?
(d) which is the lightestof theseitems:
a bucketfur
sawdust
of sand,a bucketfulof n"'r, ;b;;k;iri
"r
water,or a bucketfulof sawdust?
'i
i ..1

36

(e) Whigh is the noisiestof thesethreevehicles:a car, an aeroplaneor a

bicycle?
(f) which is the most expensive:
a car, a bicycleor a truck?

16 Bacalahteks. Kata apa yang masuk ke tabel?

Materials usedin pipemaking
, Pipesare madeof threemain materials:
I Metal. This is the strongestmaterial,but it is also the heaviest,and the
most rigid. It is alsothe most expensive
of the threematerials.
2 Rubber.This is the most flexibleof the threematerials.But it is the
weakest
3 Plastic.This is the lightestmaterial.It is also the leastexpensiveof the
three.
Property

I (most)

I strength
metal
2 lightness
3 flexibility
4 cheapness

3 (least)

plastic

rubber

t7 Jawablahpertanyaanini:
(a) You want to buy new water pipesfor your house.You do not have
very much money.Which materialdo you use?Why? What's wrong
with metal?
(b) You needa pipe to carry water
from an electricpump to a water
tank. When the pump is on, it
movesa lot from sideto side.
Which materialdo you use?Why?
t
Why do you not usemetal?
(c) Which materialdo you useto carry oil acrossthe desert?Why?What's
wrong with rubber?

37

4 ( B ) R e a d i n gc o m p r e h e n s i o n
PLUMBtNG/CtVtL ENGtNEERtNG
PEMIPAANAIR/TEKNIKSIPIL

wE Is
- f
- a

--

Look artt the

;ne
three t ypes of wells in
'ell f,r
F ItG
G .1.. Well A is the
e sln
lmpil est of the
rhree. It[t cons
rnsist
ists of a pipe
r 'Lpe
) e , a point and
'th
a pou m pr.. You
ou hammer
hu
he
ee pilpe into the
gr ound u
urttil
ril rh
the poinrt iss b elow water
leue
euel. Tl
Ihe pipr
pj p e l s usuall
ua
.rall
rlly less than
I0mm w
wide
le and less thal
,har
!hu
a n 220 m long.
T he wid
dth of t,he ho
ole
e i sIs thr
he same as
that of tthei ppii pe.
pe
Well B iis
s; tthe
l e chea
h
,
pest bbece
r auseit has

lg P.uryp:It uses a buchet and rope,

The holeis usuallymorethan I m wide.
Well B is usuallyabout the samedepth
as Well A.
well is
^ The best (andmost expensive)
C. The hole is usually lbss than 0.8 m
wide.,and the pipe hai the samewidth
as the one in Well A. The depth is
usually more than 20 m. Well C irsesa
pump.

FIG. I

t l
, l
I
'

l l

r t t t t c rl c r

it

I r

--A-+rt

F\r-L+

. - l L _ . _
.
t
-

\.

_.

_ _ \ - /_I_

C'

Apa nama benda.bendapada Gambar l?

Jawablahpertanyaan-pertanyaan
ini:
(a) How wide is the holpin well A? (Answerin millimetres)
(b) How deepis it?
(c) How deepis Well B?
(d) How wide is the pipein Well C?
(e) why is well c the most expensiveof the three wells?
3 Benar'(TRUE) atau sarah(FALSE)?perbaiki yang salah:
(a) Well B is wider than Well A.
(b) Well C is cheaperthan Well B.
(c) Well C is < 0.5 m wide.
(d) Well C is > 20 m deep.

38

-3''
r&

Unit SE'fnTV

il

.'il

:E

rq

'Th
ree q uartersof it.'

'Tiga perempat

bagian.'

i*

r.l
'f

'

s'R
.f

r*

Ron menunjukkankepadaKamalcaranrembuatadukansemen.Ia menyiapkan

bahannya.

,i;

'1

it.

Irt trttt t.r rttr

Bagaimana kedudukan pelari di lomba lari ini?

Contoh: (a) lst (first)

(a) (b) (c)

qfrft g
ne*e{'?q
f-'r

(d) (e)

(f)

(e) (h) (i)

0)

Use thesewords:
first / second/ third / fodrth / fifth / sixth / seventh/ eighth/ ninth / renth.
2 Pelajarilah:

a fifth

(+)

a half

(+)

m
V

three
quarters
(*)

@a1l1arter

'i'#in@

an
eighth

(+)

Bacalah keras-keras:
Contoh: (a) Put half of the cementinto the wheelbariow.

(b) Pour a quarterof the oil out of the tin.

39

(a) Put I of the cementinto rhe

wheelbarrow.
(b) Pour I of the oil our of the tin.
(c) Throw t of the wateraway.

:
rx

(d) Cut off * of the plank.

(e) Pleasegiveme + of the sand.
(0 You can use* of the gravel.

4 Pelajarilah:

i{,

.;,
i t
:fA

2s%

s0%

,t
',i

(twenty-five
percent)

(fifty percent)

7s%

(seventy-five
percent)

Bacalahkeras-keras:
(a) The bottleis 50% empty.
(b) The tank is 75% full.
(c) The can is 25% empty.
(d) The bucketis 50% empty.
Baca kembali kalimat di atas dengan cara lain. Gunakan kata-kata:
ta quartert, thalft, dan tthree quarterst:
Contoh: (a) The bottle is half empty.
7

Lihat ganrllarr drn bncir knlinrat-knlirtrat

ini:

Look at thesebottles.
The bottle on the left is full of water.
The one in the middleis empty.
The one on the right is a third full of
water.(It is two thirds empty.)
The full bottle has one litre of waterin it.

C
z3
l"
3

Sekarangjawablahpertanyaanini:
(a) A third of the waterfrom the bottle on the left goesinto the bottle in
the mid dle.How muchwatern therein the bottles?
Contoh: (a) BottleA: I I (two thirds of a litre).
BottleB: * I (a third of a litre)
BottleC: * I (a third of a litre)
(b) All the watergoesfrom the bottle on the right into the bottlein
the middle.How muchwateris therein the bottles?
(c) Half of the water from the bottle in the middle goesinto the bottle
on the left. How muchwater is therein the bottles?
(d) All the waterfrom the bottle on the left goesintb the bottleon the
right. How muchwateris therein the bottlesnow?

40

'A

sedikitpaku.'
little oil. A few nails.' 'sedikitminyak.
rils.

Ron merekatkan dua papan dengan lem dan paku

r t

?-J?.t

-r- \)

,n-4Td{
nh
l.l.,tLl/*a
\

t e

t -

- . 4

jL< 2<l\-

3$\'"

/,'lt\o?-/
lot of oil

a lot of nails

. A \
irrrrttttlrlltt

a little oil
9

a few nails

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat ini. Pilih kata-kata dalam tanda kurung:

(a) Use

(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Could you bring me

screws,please.(a little/a few)
Pour
oil into the engine.(a littlel.a,.few)
Thereare
bolts in the box. (a little/a lot of)
Thereis water in the tank. (a few/a lot of)

l0 Pelajarilah:

THE
sawdust

THE
nails

A LITTLE OF
THE sawdust

'(3Fi

_,.D

--l\v,/+

A I]EW O
A LITTLE

^ -l r

fats
-|

( t - -s ' .

1F

?t

MOST OF
THE nails

11 Pelajarilah:

Hb
r>\
\AOS

ffft

ALL :

100% MOST :

A FEW OF
THE nails

> 50o < 100% NONE : 0

e.g.all the nailsI all of the oil

e.g.most of the nails/ most of the oil
e.g.someof the nails/ someof the water
e.g.a few of the nails/ a little of the water
e.g.noneof the nails/ noneof the water

41

#
.s
,g
ff
"i
d
iT

12 Baca teks ini dan lengkapikalimat-kalimatdi bawahnya:

In the drawerthere are23screws,20bolts,13nuts,25washers
and 35
jar
nails.In the
thereis a litre of oil. In the can thereare 6 litresof petrol.
In the bottlethereare 1.5litresof water.
Contoh: (a) I needmostof the screws.
(a) I need
screws.(about20)
(b) Pleasegiveme water.(about0.1 litre)
(c) Pour out oil. (about0.9 litre)
rd) Please
takeout nuts.(13)
(e) I only qeed
washers.(about 4)
(f) Could I have
petrol?(about2.5 litres)
(g) You can havenails.(about l5)

13 Bacateksini. Ganti kata-katayang dicetakmiring denganyang di dalam

kotak. (Tidak semuanyadapat digunakan).
When you drive a car, the
enginebecomesvery hot. Why?
Whenthe mixtureof air and
petrol burnsin the engine,this
producesenergy.But only some
o/this energypushesthe pistons.
Most of it turnsinto heat.About
50% o/ this heat goesdown the
exhaustpipe and about50ok of it
staysin the engine.So the engine
becomesvery hot.

Air and petrol

mixture burns,

ENERGY

a ,' the I of I quarter/ half I

threequarters/ third / two
thirds / approximately
exhaust
pipe

42

' O ne par t
c e m e n tto th re ep a rtss a n d .'
'Satu
b a g i a ns e m e n u n t u k t i g a b a g i a np a s i r . '

Rott menunjukkan
k e p a d aK a m a lc a r am e n c a m p uar d u k a ns e m e n .
Use one part
cement to three
parts sand.

ut!,t

ltllrlati

14 Cocokkankalimat dengangambar yang tepat:

Contoh: (a) - (3)
- (a) The ratio
of cementto sandis one to thre6.
(b) Use one part lime to threepartssand.
(c) The ratio of lime to sandis l:2.
'
(d) The ratio of sandto cemerrtis 2:1.
(c) Use onc part limeto onepart cementto four partssand.
(f) The ratio of sandto lime to cementis 6:l:1.
sand

@
sand
I

cement

cement

@
sand

43

15 Buatlahgambaruntuk petunjukdi bawahini:

Contoh: (a)
blue
paint

yellowpaint
(a) Use two parts blue paint to one part yellow paint.
(b) Make the mortar usingonepart cementto one part lime to six parts

sand.
(c) Mix waterand pastein the ratio 1:2.
(d) To makeconcrete,usefour parts gravelto two parts sandto one part
cement.
(e) To make orangepaint, mix red and yellowpaint in the ratio 2:l
(red:yellow).
(f) Mix the glue and the hardenerin the ratio one to one.

16 Jawablahpertanyaan-pertan-vaan
ini:
(a) In a box, thereare twentyscrewsand five nails.What is the ratio of
screwsto nails?
(b) On the ground thereare eight kilos of sand,two kilos of lime and two
kilos of cement.What is the ratio of sandto lime to cement?
(c) In a litre of orangepaint thereare two parts red to one part yellow
paint. How much red paint is there?
(d) In this heapof mortar thereis cernent,lime and sandin the ratio l:l:4.
Thereare six kilos of mortar. How much sandis there?
(e) This concreteconsistsof four parts gravelto threeparts sandto one
par! cement(by weight).Thereare 8 kg of gravel.How much sandis
therein the concrete?

44

4(A)

R e a d i n gc o m p r e h b n s i o n

FABRICATION
FABRIKASI

to weld (Uectric Arc) i$

i Hovy
from the plate.,
,l 1 Hold the screen in front of
l$
i'l

r'
fr 2
$
Xn3
:i:::
ii,

your eyes.
Hold rhe electrode at 80o to
the surface of the plates.
Make sure that the tip of the
electrgde is less than 3 mm

u f lr r' c' '" ", , ", -4

4 f \u
$
FIG. I

(b)
fr
o i n(?)f N\\
' r I| ,t,
I , in-

ii I

fi | f:"-*
i i l

\
n*'

\f/\*

' '

4 Strike an arc between the tip

and the plate.
5 Move th'e electrode steadilv
backwards in a straight lin6
(see FlG.ll.

F r cc' ,'fA
F
T,l i

||

$J tl u# ' , -

1,,You can weld the whole ioin (slf Fic.iii of itl, as in FlG. 1, or yb, can 3 r
i+$wefdpartofit.

31,you ry.eld r
5$l" one method(F!G-.
iii almostall of the join. in another

riirmethod (FlG.4l you wetd most -,^

.-'li' of it, and in a third method t

lil

/ , , , _ ff-,,,
1
_ _ r A 4\l) l|#
g

i|

X+
l$'
ill
j]j
,$ii

',
3

r
I

,.i::::
r i;::ii
ii

f
,r

v'

'
f i i ' n i . ' s r l l i w e f d r r i r i " t ' i i . = . " ' r ' r7' ''

;:l

'

'

'll
iiiii

i'iiiii
t

Scbutknttrlalnabenclayang ditandaidenganhuruf (a)-(e) padaGambar I

dan 2.
2 Jawablahpertanyaan-pertanyaan
ini:
- (a)
What is the bestdistanceof the tip from the plates?Chooseone:
(1) 3 mm (2) 2.5 mm (3) 3.8mm (4),4mm
(b) What is the ratio of weldto join in fl) Fig. 3?
(2) Fig. a?

(3)Fig.s?

45

4 ( B ) R e a d i ncgo m p r e h e n s i o n

MASON
RY
BATU
PERTUKANGAN

-How
iiiii
iiii,

ii:i:i:::l''i:;:;:::;:::riiir"''

'''-

' 1 ' 'rrr::i:;:;:::;:;:i::l:;:;i:;:;:':"'1"' ' '

,i

to mix concrete by hand- $

Li

::':::
i;i:i:Concrete is lnade from cement, aggregate
iiii.and a small amount of water. The aggregate
ii is both ooarse {e.9. stones and gravel} and
I fine (e.9. sand). The coarse aggregate, fine
'
aggregate and cement are usually in the
ratio 4:221.
1 Put two shovelfuls of sand into a wheelbarrow.
2 Add a shovelful of cement,
3 Mix these thoroughly with a shovel.
4 Add four shovelfuls of gravel. Mix
thoroughly.
5 Make a hollow in the middle. Add a little
water with a hose. CAUTION: Do not
add all of the water-only a little.
6 Mix the materials thoroughly.
7 Add more watsr and mix again until the
concrete is the @rrect thickness.
.....,,,...rrnr:,:::::...::.il{li1i!:.iiii

Isitah kotak-kotak yang bertanda huruf (a)-(d) di bawah ini dengan

kata yang tepat.
Contoh: (a) - coarseaggregate.

Concrete

Apa nama benda-benda

pada gambar B?
Contoh: (a) This is calleda wheelbarrow.
Jawablahpertanyaan-pertanyaan
ini:
(a) You want to make7 cubicmetresof concrete.Approxirnatelyhow
much aggregate
do you buy?
(b) How much cementdo you buy?
(c) How much fine aggregate
do you buy?
(d) How much coarseaggregate
do you buy?
(e) Why do you mix two shovelfulsof sandwith oneof cementand
four
of gravel?Why not oneshovelfulof each?

46

unit trIgr{T
1

' T he

nutsa refo o s e n e d .,

'Murnya

longgar.'

Kanral sedangr,tenggantiroda mobilnya.

rrlrLt]ltttlllt

Pelajarilah:
You can make two differentsentences
about
the sameaction:
-____=_
loosen

* ed

Ioosened

STARTHERE
The wheelnuts
are loosened.

START
UENE

You loosenthe
wheelnuts.

or

2 Buatlahkalimat:
Contoh: (a) The wheelnum are
Ioosened.
(a) You loosenthe wheelnuts.
(b) You turn the'handle
clockwise.

47

(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)

You open the door.

You tighten the screw.
You fill the bucket.
You push the leverforwards.
You pull the.handle.
You pressthe button.

turn

open
|
tighten |

fill
push
pull
press

'

4 Pelajarilah:

Pelajarilah:

| turned
| opened
| tightened

| +ed | filled
|
| pushed
|
| pulled
|
| pressed

5 Isilah titik-titik:
(a) Contoh: I The wheelnuts are
loosenedwith a
spanner.
2 The car is
with a jack.
3 The wheelnuts are taken off.
4 The wheel
5 A new wheelis put
: on.
'
6 The wheelnuts
7 The car is loweredand the jack is

lower

*ed

lowered

replace
remove
ralse

+d

replaced
removed
raised

put'
take

put
taken

(b) Contolt: I I oosenthe wheel

nuts with a spanner.
2 Raisethe car with a jack.
3
off the wfieel nuts.
4 Removethe wheel.
5a new wheelon.
6 Replacethe wheelnuts.'
7the car and take away the
jack.
8 Tighten the wheelnuts.

8 The wheelnuts
6 Buatlahpetunjuk:
Contoh: (a) I Mark the hole.
2 Placethe wood in
a vice.
3 Switchon the drill.
4 Drill the hole.

7 Pelajarilah:
mark
switch
drill
insert
pick
check

*ed

marked
switched
drilled
insert
picked
checked

spread

spread

(a) I
2
3
4

The hole is marked.

The wood is placedin a vice.
The drill is switched,
on.
The hole is drilled.

(b) I
2
3
4

The power is switchedoff.

The bulb is taken out of the socket.
A new bulb is insertedin the socket.
The poweris switched'on.

(c) I
2
3
4

The brick is picked.up.

The mortar is spreadon it.
The brick,ispui on the concrete.
The levelis checked.

48

'The
fan is turnedby the belt,which is turned
""

':,1.:Tr,t"1?Jl,l;
:''
oreh,.u
r"n,;,.;:-:: oreh
mesin

Kamal menjelaskancara kerja kipas angin pada

sistem pendingin mobil.

The fan is
turnedby the
belt,whibh
is turnedbv
the engine.

ilF
ttl

ttlt.t

engine

tI I t I

STARTHERE..
.......;.
The fan rs turnedby
the belt, whichrs
turnedby the engine.

or
The engineturns
the belt, which
turnsthe fan.

(Ini artinya:
I The fan is turnedby the belt.
2 The belt is turnedby the engine.)

(Ini artinya:
I The engineturns the belt.
2 The belt turns the fan.)

Dalam kedua hal, mesin

o engineryakkanttJr,g't':

@ ran

Mengacupada apakah wHIcH daram karimat.karimat

ini?
fan
is
turned
by
the
belt,
which
is
turned
by
9) fb.
- the engine.
q) rhr engineturns the belt, whichturns the fan.
(.) llr engineis cooled by the fan, whichis turned by rhe belt.
(d) The belt turns the fan, whichcools the engine.
Gabungkankalimat-karimatini, menggunakankata wHICH:
9) fhr engineis cooledby the fan. The fan is rurned by the bert
(b) The fan is turned by the belt. The belt is turned uy
itre engine.
(c) The belt turns the fan. The fan cools the engine.
(d) The engineturns the belt. The belt turns the fan.

49

l0 Apa yangmenimbulkanterjadinyagerakanini? Buat catatansepertipada

contoh:
Contoh: (a) O foot -)
O sprocket
@ pedal-)

(b) O pedal------------i@ sprocket------+

a:, I

pedal sprocket

chain

C charn

the Pedal,
(a) The foot presses
which turns the sProcket.
(b) The chain is PulledbY the
sprocket,which is turnedbY
the pedal.
(c) The wheelis turnedbY the
chain,whichis pulledbY the
sprocket.
(d) The chainturnsthe wheel,
which makesthe bicyclemove
forwards.

1 1 Benar (TRUE) atau salah (FALSE)? Perbaiki yang salah:

Contoh: (a) FALSE. The motor turns wheel A, which turns wheel B.

(a) WheelA turns the motor,

which turns wheelB.
(b) GearC is turnedby gearB,
whichis turned by gearA.

wheelB

(c) PistonA pushespiston B,

which operatesthe brake.

foot

(d) GearD is turnedby gearA,

whichalsoturns gearB.
(e) The foot is pushedby the
brakepedal,whichis pushed
by pistonA.

'l

pistonA
oil

moto r
gea

(f) WheelA is turned by the

motor, which alsoturns wheel
gear D
C.

50

piston B

brake
pedal

to

brake

n
o

ffi

4 Bacalahkeras-keras:

(a) lke
(b) 20kg
(c) st

(d)'.3.skg (e) 1.05/

(e) t3t
(h) 17t
(f) 30kg
(i) 70kg

Tuliskanlahini dalam angka.dan huruf.

Contoh: (a) nineteenkilos - lgkg
(a) nineteenkilos
(0 eightgensquare
(b) seventylitres
metres
(c) fifteencubic metres
(g) one millimetre
(d) eightysquare
(h) ninety metres
millimetres
(i) a kilo.
(e) thirteenkilometres
(t) thirtylitres

' Hpw

m uchg ra v e l ?H o w m a n y

b ri c k s ? '
'Berapabanyak
batul Berapabanyakbatu bata?'
Ron sedangmemesan
bahan-bahan
padasebuahtoko.

Pleasesend
me some
bricks.
Please
send me
some
gravel.

6 Ulangi:

trM
Pieasesendme some bricks.
How many?
About 500.
Pleasesendme somegravel.
How much?
About 30 kilos

16

{*
;11{
ii$
.t

,1$

Pelajarilah:

\pi

#
N:

ts
ii5
*?
;:!
-1
:rd

,I

ti
.trl

,'*
i1
.*
.t
*
il
_$,

$
l:

a pane
of glass

a sheet
of paper
3 kilos
of sand

2 litres
of oil

Buatlah frase:
Contoh: (a) a bucketof gravelon a sackof gravel
oR l0 kiloSof gravel.
(i) oil
(e) paint
(a) gravel
(f) glass
(b) wood
0) water
(g) paper
(c) sand
(h) cement
(d) steel
Gunakankata-kataini: sheet/ sack/ pale / bucketi tin / plank /
kilo / litre

Buatlah percakapan:
Contoh: (a) n: Pleasesendme somebricks.
B: How many?
A: About 500.
,
(b) n: Pleasesendme somesand.
B: How much?
n:' About 30 kilos.
(f) c e m e n. t. . 2 s a c k s .
(a) bricks. . . about 500.
(g) w o o d. . . 2 0 p l a n k s .
(b) sand. . . about30kg.
(h) g l a s s. . . 4 p a n e s .
(c) gravel. . . about 40kg.
(i) r e d p a i n t . . . 5 t i n s .
(d) paper. . . 400sheets.
( j ) oil .
l0/.
(e)longnails...4packets.

l7

s&

-ry

1"ir

l0 Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan

'il

CONCRETE

ff
ff

To
(a)
(b)
(c)

make I m3 of concrete,
How much cementdo you use?
How much graveldo you use?
How much sand do you use? ;
You have I sack of cement- "
(d) How many sacksof sand do you add?
(e) How many sacksof gravel do you
add?

wi.lte r

..i{

#
r{F
'lJi

,fi

ffl i ,

#
s
.

#
il{
I

s'&
'F.oornr$
'J

.,1

g
.6
5
f

.:

fr

' lt ' s

r igid.Y o u c a n ' t b e n di t.'

'Benda ini

kaku, tidak dapat ditekuk.,

This
plasticis
flexible.

L"r 1)

G t t

q
You can
bendit.
- : /

c)
=\,

'

But this
plasticis
rigid.

I I Ulangi: A: This plastic is flexible.

You can bend it.
But this plastic is rigid.
You can't bend it.

l8

lil You can't

bendit.

12 Pelajarilah:

K
This material

is hard
q

-A / >

P/l
I

This material

is toueh,

This material
is flexible

This material
is combustible

This marerial
is rigid

This materialis
non-combustible

!o
v ---j, - l.g

F'E6b
This material
is soft

This material
is brittle

l3 Buat kalimat tentang gambar-gambar pada Latihan 1l :

Contoh: (a) This material is hard. You cannot cut it.

l 4 Sebutkan paling sedikit tiga bahan untuk tiap kalimat:

Conrch: (a) Paper,wood and oil.
(a) You czrnburn it.
(b) It is brittle.
(c) You cannot scratchit easily.
(d) It is very tough. . ,

(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)

It is non-combustibte.
You can bend it easily.
It is very hard. I
It is rigid.

l5 Jawablah pertanyaan' ini dan berikan alasannya.

Contoh:

(a) No, you can't. Glass is a hard material.

(d) Yes, you can. Rubber is a flexible material.'

(a) Can you scratcha paneof glasseasily?

(b) Can you breaksteeleasily?
(c) Can you benda plank of wood easily?

;;,:'"'..;,,Jf
:::tii;
illff iilffi:f

(D
(g)
(h)
(i)
0)

-=-G\
L1!if

Can you break.apaneof glasseasily? \|Can you bend i concrerebeameasiiy?

can you scrarcha plank of wood with a knife easilv'l
Can you burn a sheetof papereasily?
Can you bendiron easilyi

t9

block
(rnade
of stone)
beam
(madeof
concrete)

'Why is it madeof plastic?'

'Mengapa benda ini terbuat dari plastik?'

Why are
thesemade
of plastic?

Because
plasticis a
toughmaterial.
l6 Ulangi: A: Why are thesemadeof plastic?
plasticis a tough material.
n: Because

t7 Buatlah tabel ini dalam buku tulis Anda dan lengkapilah:

light stone

OBJECT

MATERIAL

PROPERTY

(a)

bridge

steel

tough

(b)

tyre

(c)

vice

(d)

goggles

(e)

buildin-g

(0

file

I tough
2

(e)

helmet

I light
2_

(h)

match

(i)

eraser

ffexible
lron

concrete

plastic

0)
(k)

bulb

20

heavy

glass

tough

r8 Buat pertAnyaandan jawaban tentangtabel tersebut:

Contoh: (a) A: Why are bridgesmadeof steel?
B: Because
steelis a toughmaterial.
You can't breakit easily.
I 9 Jawablahpertanyaan-pertanyaan
ini:
Contoh: (a) Because
rubberis a flexiblematerial.
You can bendit easily.
(a) ttr/hyare bridgesnot madeof rubber?
(b) Why are gogglesnot madeof glass?
(c) Why are tyresnot madeof iron?
(d) Why arevicesnot madeof plastic?
(e) Why are buildingsnot madeof paper?
(f) Why are filesnot madeof rubber?
(g) Why are helmetsnot madeof glass?
(h)"lvhy arematchesnot madeof stone?
20 Buatlah uraian:
Contoh: (a) The rungsof this ladderare madeof steel,
because
steelis a tough material.
(plastic)
strap
(rubber)
rungs
(steel)
top
(glass)

(concrete)

handle
(steel)

2l