x THE oS ROMAN HISTORY BY TITUS LIVIUS, WITH THE SUPPLEMENT OF JOHN FREINSHEIM; Tranflated into EnciisH, and illuftrated with geographical and chronological Notes ; adorn’d with Maps, Cuts and Medals. , VOL, VL LONDON: Printed by James BetrenHam, And fold by J. Cuarxe, under the royal Exchange, G, Hawkins, between the Temple Gates; J. Davipsons in the Poultry; J. Rowtann, in Exeter Changes W. Payne, in the Strand; J. Firrcuer, at Oxfords Mr. Merrit, at Cambridge; and W. Mitiar, at Edinburgh, M.DCC.XLV.3K TURKEY in ASIA ofPadua. ECAD IV. BOOK XXXVI. 2 of Greece and Afia‘affigned to L. Corn. Scipio with w Africanus:as bis. lieutenant general, who proinifes to ferve in that quality under bis brother; when it was thoight that province would ¢ beer given to C. Lelius who had great intereft in the fenate. is’ means Lucius is the'firft! Roman general who marches into 1a make war againft Antiochus. “Emil.” Regillus with the bcagffance sof the Rhodians defeats that :hing's fleet at Myon+ The fon: of Africanus taken. prifoner. by Antiochus, and fent ch to his Glabrio triumphs for the ZEtolians driven out of Greece. L. Corn, Scipio, B the affifance of Euments‘king of Pergamiss dnd-fon of Attalus; conquers Antiochus, and. granté:him peace, én condition that he cede’ the provinces on-this fide Mount-Taurus. .. Tbe diminions of Eu- , fervice.againft Antiochus,..and feveral cities the fame Account...’ A colony fettled at 2° Binil: s obtains a naval tridnph for having dé= lygated Antioehits’s admiral ina-fea fight. : L. Scipio, who-termi- Lyngtessthé: with Antiochus, :is furnamed. Afiaticus; as his brox ‘ ike occafto fe 5 1P10 and’“C,: Lelius, having. CHAP, ice, the fathers firft fub- 1. aving difpatched ,religious >>" ns. “Their em, scipio, and the truce. Lelius, who was, Y.ofR.s62.2 The Roman History Dec. 4. CHAP. the fathers than on the goodnefs of their caufe, they L boldly to refer th gt ‘| Q » Le 'my ‘brothep yt , ‘ci plovinee BF Gr humbly ‘requefted, that theif paft fervices- might be put in balance againft their recent injuries. But while they were in the houfé,: tha fenators on all fides, defiring rather to extort a confeffion of their infidelity, than to-heas, their apalogies, teized; them. with clofe queftioris. ~Bué being ordered to’ withdaw; warm debates arofe among the fenators concerning them. As the Romans did not ‘cohfider them as common enemies only, but as an ontra¢table and_perfidious people, refentment get the-better of: their clemency. After the matter had been debated for feveral days, ir ‘was. refolvéd that, without granting. or refufing them peace; two things fHould be left to therchoice, either to fubmit implicitly to the will of the fenate, or pay the. republick roo. talents, and ingage.to have.no other allies or enemies: but thofe of “Rome. They-earneftly folicited to’ be informed, upon what articles they.fhould fubmit to:the fenate'; but that “ye- neralile body. gave them.no. pofitive anfwer.. So,they - were difmifled without obtaining peace, and. ordered to leave: Rome:that-very day, arid-Italy:in a fortnight. Then they took’undér confideration the allotment of "the provinces ‘to the confuls, They. both’ delired Greece, Leelius:had great intereft.in the fenate....For this reafon, when -the: {énate- ordered them-to-diaw Jots for the*provinces, he’ artfully faid) ic would’b more’ decent to.léave the matter.to..the detern of.the fathers, than to the.caprica.of: fortune.’ . Scipio reply’d, -he_ woulé:take. ‘time:to-confider of it,*and having confulted only his ‘brother; ‘who advifed' him fe he Jared He of’ any their ‘préfé pected a wai huis rofe ty 6b OF Greece! tie fathiets‘tindaintoutly,Book &kxvil. by TITUS LIVIUS, 3 teft. They’ were rejoiced with the thoughts oF try- ing, whether’ the vanduifhed Hannibal-would be of more fervice to Antiochus, ‘than the viorious Afri- canus'to the Roman conful’ and legions, “For this reafon’ Greece was affigtied’ to Scipio, and Italy to Lalius, almoft withowt-a conttadictory vote. ‘- “TELE N the practors drew lots for their p provinces, CHAP, L, Arunculeius got the ‘jurifdiction’of the city, and Gn, Fulvius that ‘over foreigners; L. Aimilius, the fleets; P. Jus. Bratus; the: “Hletrurians 5 M.’ Tuccius, Apulia and ‘the 'Bruttians," and C. ‘Atinius, Sicily. The conful, ‘who:had Greece ‘for his province, | was to receive thie two: legiotis commianded byM. befides a reinforcement of 3900: Roman horfe, 5000 Latin foot and “200 ‘hor moreover left at liberty.to pati into Afia, ifhe fhould judge it for the intereft of the republic whenhe arrived in: his-provinee, ‘T he ‘other conful had all the new levied :toops, two Romai legions, andix 3900 Latin foot. and 600 horfe, -- Mii lucius,' WHO ‘wrote'to the fenate;” that he had corp! etely executed on, and entirely fubjected the whole nation’ was ordered to lead tlie arthiy he had ‘in ‘that country againtt' the Boil, ‘and -déliver' comntand of it to P. Cornelius the pro- -conful he two city, legions, that had been raifed the’ preceding year, were remov- éd ftom:that diftri€, which’ he took from ‘‘the Boii when he dorigtieted thei, and, With’ $000’ Latin foot anid 6oo horfe; ‘wére delivered to the pretor ] i ‘Apulia and ‘Bruttium. ° the prastor that had agted’in, Bruttium Ui armyofM. i Tabeo.:- Befides; if :* The Roman. History. Dec, 4: CHAP. was ordered to levy ainew-army confifting of one iL Roman legion, : 10000: Latin. foot and. :400:horfe, —~v— for Hetruria. - L,. A milius, who was to aét by- fea; was ordered to receive from M, Junius,’ praetor of the former-year, 20 men of war with their crews, befides which he was to levy 1000 feamen and 2000 marines, With this {quadron he was to fail to Afia,: and.there receive the. fleet from C. Livius: The fame preetors and armies were continued another year in the two Spains and-Sardinia. This year Sardinia.and Sicily were taxed :in two tenths ofall their;corn, That from Sicily was tranfported.to fubfift the, army in fEtolia, and part. of that from Sardinia to the fame place and part to Rome, : CHAP.. BEFORE the confuls fet out for their provinces, Il. they expiated the prodigies by the dire€tion: of the pontifs, At Rome the ,roof,and gates of the temple of Juno Lucina were ftruck with lightning, .At.Pu- teoli it damaged the gates and walls in feveral places and killed two.men. At Nurfia it is certain -that a great ftorm arofe on a calm ferene day, and killed two men. : The Tufculans reported, that. with: them. it: rained earths and at.Reate a mule. brought: forth a foal. All thefe were expiated,’.and the ferize, Latina celebrated ‘a fecond time, becaife tle,Laurentines had not their fhare of the fleth-of the victims, which was their. due, A’ fupplication was alfo appointed for the expiation of thefe prodigies, which had. filled the people with fuperftitious fears, and the decemvirs named. the Gods to whom their books prefcribed that it fhould be made. Ten young. boys and as many girls honorably defcended, and whofe. fathers and mothers were alive, were. admitted to partake of the facrifices, The decemvits facrificed.fucklings-in, the night. Before A fricanus;fet.out. he:built:a, portico i the. capitol. facing the. .way,:leadiog, up. t red it with feven.gilt ftatues, two. carved. he wo ‘marble, ciftefn: ( chout ;the fam forty. three noble Axtolians,.-among whom were-Damocritus and +his.brother,..-were,:broughe..to os . as RomeBookxxvii, ‘by TITUS LIVIUS, 5 Rome :under‘a ‘guard: of two ‘cohorts detached- for the CHAP. purpofe by: M. Acilius, and’ thrown into prifon, The, conful’Li:Gornelius:itimediately ordered’thé cohorts oe to:retarn’to.the army. ~“Embaffadors arrived from Ptolemy and: Cleopatra’ ‘to congratulate the‘Romans on Manius’s: having driven Antiochus out of Greece, and advifing them to‘pafs' with an army into Afia, for not only: all that country, but even Syria, was‘in the greateft alarm. “ As’ for ‘thernfelves they were ready to take: whatever ftepsthe Roman fenate fhould think ‘Fhanks ‘were retorned'to the’ king and queen;::and:a prefent of 4000: affes of “brafs “ordered to be made to each of-their embaffadors, «°° _ - AETER the conful:Cornelius had finifhed his CHAP. 1 bufinefs at Rome, he iffued a proclamation ordering all the-additional levies'he had made, and the troops * that were: in Bruttium under command of A,-Corne- | lius the pro-prsetor, to rendezvous at Brundifium on: the sth :of July. He likewife nominated three lieutenant:generals; Sex. Digitius,’ L. Apattius and C. Fabricius Lufcinus; ‘to: bring veffels to. tranfport . them,2from all the.places on the coaft'to Brundifium. Thus-every thing neceffary’ being ready, ° he fet out from’ Rome “in his” paludamentum, “‘About 5000° Roman‘and: Latin cwvoluntiers, who had ferved the limitéd-number‘of ‘campaigns-under Africanus, en- rod themfelves and ' fet outunder the cénful. - How- ever. onthe eleventh of July, | before fe out, he celebrated: the ‘A pollinarian gamés, : ! clear day, which made vifible’a-folar ecliplé thas Happened by the.interpofition of the :moon between the ‘earth and the difc:of thefun. ‘ Abour'the fame'time B, ‘Regillus, admiral of'the fleet, ilefi-Rome: ‘The fert miffioned:' L; Arunculeius?to ‘build 1 Quine remes, and twenty: triremes;: ‘becaufé that: ‘Antiochus, after: the2naval' b: ttle? eon, was | equipiig:a more confiderable-fleet. ' : embafladors. were: returnied'from Rémi ‘accounts which ipur:an.end to allhopes of péace; Wotiwvithiftand- ing S their coafts owards Reloponnetus were ravaged a 3 y6 ‘The Roman Bisroryy:4 CHAP. by the Acheans, yet, more: intent upon: the:danget ' Iv, with which they were menaced, than-the-lefschey —-v—— had already fuftained,. they. .feized’ mount ‘Corax, For they did not queftion tut the Romans: would:re- turn and’ befiege Naupaétus. early. in: the: {pring Acilius, who, was no ftranger to, their: expectations, and thought it beft.co furprize thems fét down'before Lamia*. This city had. been hard preffed: by: Philip; and might eafily be furprized at.a time. whien it’s ins habitants expected nothing lefs: than being attacked by him. In confequence fetting-out froni:Elaria; the firft place he encamped.at in the.¢nemies: dominions was on the banks of the Sperchius. .. Decamping | / from thence by night, at day. break he: invdftéd the | town. - # opt 4 i CHAP, _ AS commonly happens..in.cafes of farprize,:this | vy. — filled the city with fear and .alarm ;.. yet they, -made t—-y-—/ a vigorous defence, far -beyond expeétation; confider: ing the fuddennefs of the attack. While the men ; defended, the ramparts the women brought: them all ' kinds of weapons and ftones up to the walls By lad- ; ders, and.- this, preferved. the. city for. that day. Acilius drew. off his army. at noon, Before. he |. difmiffed his:levy, he gave orders that they-fhoul refrefh themfelves and go ta.fleep then, and:be ready ; in arms. before day-light.. He declared he wold not | bring them, back to the-camp till the city. was ‘taken, | Next day: he attacked the walls in feveral splaces, as; he had done the day before.. But as the : inhabitants . were weak,, wanted; wedpons,. and in. particular their © coyrage failed, he took- it in a few hours,. Having fold fome of the plunder and'diftributed ‘the réft to ° his troops,-he held a council of war to deliberate on © what enterprize was next to ‘be undertakén; 2:No- :: body declared for marching:to. Naupactus,-as the:de- file at mount Corax. had been feized. by:the:#Btblians. ale. the: éksnpsign idly, or fuffer; the A tolians, ‘by-his-continuing quiet, .to enjayctheipeace © they could,not obtain from. the "feiatee J vila : : S28 Aleit of Tifa Pbibioii the TS { _ folved,- Booksxxviis by. TITUS LIVIUS, 7 : folyed to. befiege Amphiffa*: So d pi fe ' "Hiéraclea ‘he marchéd. his arniy ov ' ‘Wheh he advanced to ills, fe as he Had done Larnia, ‘but battered “with yams play’d againift’ it infeve pe c ‘Mattéred, sh when Acilits teceived a landed “his‘army at’ confent-of 4 general he ZEtblians, she would not {top to befiege “it till ‘Amiphiffa-was taken. For this réafon he fet out for the latter, he jetac his brother A‘fricanus ‘before him. ‘On the inhabitants, whofe walls were alr beat'down, -retired, both armed and the citaddl which ‘théy ‘thought impregnable, The cotfil encamped within fix miles.of the city. ‘Here enibaffadors came from the Athenians firlt to. Africa- d been detached before, as has been.al- d,.and then totheconfulto imploremercy ians. “They received the.moft favorable i Africanus, who fought only an, hongra- ‘for quitting the war in Atolia, having his xéd Ori Afia’and king Antiochus, and for-that end had “direéted the Athenians not only to,prevail ng, ‘but even. the. ABtolians .to_ prefer By perfuafion of the Athenians the it 4 “Hiamerous deputation. very foon to “The’ obliging anfwer of Africinus, to val itival, rear quite ‘@Bétwedn Lodris anid Photié, -and’ ‘>In: Pbebiotis, ‘part of Thifaly. now called Lambina by Le'Noir, . _¢ At the foot of mount Oeta. By whom8 . CHAP, whom they applied. rfl; increafed the hope, they, vi. Of obtaining neace, He ‘told. them, th wh —v— cominiinded aft | in' Spain, and. the many ‘tations which hé-had fubdiied, ‘one to who jad not give: mency than f bravery in Wi a in, whefl On their application to, the © ‘conful, they received the fame anfwer with which the fenate “had ‘driven them from Rome. The /Etol “ ftruck “with ‘this’ unexpédted ‘rigor, and ' neither the Athenian depiitation, nor. the o _ anfwer of. Aff canus had availed them any thing. Tes pata, they were ftrangely arrafied. For they were not in a cond fur- 900 talents *, and were afraid, thi Y. . mitted imp icitly to thé’ will of the fenate; they would . hazard their lives, . Therefore they fent the fame de puties’back.to the conful and Africanus, implore them, ‘that’ if they fincerely intended to grant them peace, and not to deceive them with vain hopes, they ' would either ‘abate part of the fum demanded, or in furrendering give.them fecurity for their lives. “As / the conful was intxorable, that deputation likewife was in vain. At their departiirg the Athenian depu- ties followed them, and Echedemus theit ct hief “re- vived the hopes of the ZEtolians, who were reduced to defpair by fo many repulfes, and in vain bewailed the miferable fate of their. country. He advifed them to beg a truct of fix months, i in order to fer another deputation” to Rome, reprefenting that. this delay | could not enliance their miferies, which coiild not be | “greater than they were, and that ‘by gaining time ma- ; ny intervening incidents. might contribu to often | | their prefent calamities, “S 9 by the'advic thenian, ‘they’ fent back é fame einbiffa ho applying” firft to Africatius;: by his mediatioiy’ébtain- ed: from the .conful the truce they afked, wntens “€ 193750, Arbuthnot, © 1 quence confe-_ their arrival, with a train becoming royal majefty, > wanting’ in'no kind of frjendly and getierous refpedt, =.» Book xxvii,” by’ TITUS LIVIUS. the army to: the conful, nful returned from’ Am. fel If grant Drovifionis and fiftence ‘ taeaed aétive youth ‘then in't E that’ purpofe, “He {et out from Amphiffa, ing hotfes laid for’ him’ on the road,: by an incredible expedition arrived the third day at Pella. He found the. king at atiéntertainment, and exhilarated with wine, This negligence removed all fufpicion of his éntertaining any thoughts of altering his alli- ance. “The monarch received him very gracioully, and next day fhewed' him the provifions he had gene- roufly ‘prepared for the Roman army, and affured him, ‘that’ bridges were laid over the rivers, and the roads levelled for their march. The courier pofted back‘ witti the fanie fpeed as he came, to carry this news tothe conful, whom he met at Thaumaci > In confequence the army. full of confidence and joy marched into Macedonia, where every thing was rea- dy prepared for them, The king received them of and atcompanied thei ;in their march, “He was which ‘was ‘very agreeable to African For this il- & In Thefoly. . Juflrious1p The Roman: HisToryY. Dee ge. ae Iufrious. Romasy who, excelled j inall things was. no : 18 but even thréugh Thrage a CHAP. ANT HUS, a * énemy rength ‘Auinbérs” “For this réafon he ‘had fet Hannibal into Syria, to bring ithe. thips of the Ph jaris, and ordered Polyxenidas,.. whofe defeat tendered him more careful. and. active, 1 Fofit E his old veflels, and bilild new.ones, “He hi in Phrygia Major, from whence he ‘fer auxiliariés ftom all fides, even. from . Gallo: i "The inhabitatits‘of the latter were at that time a War; © like people, {till retaining the ancient fpirit of their nation. He ‘had left his fon Seleucus in olis with | an army ‘to dwe the maritimé cities, which were ‘foli- | cited both by Eumenes king of Pergamus,. and by the Romans who were in “Phocaa and Erythrsea. The Roman fleet, as has been obferved already, had winteréd'at Cana. In the middle of the winter Eu- menes caine there with 2000 foot and 100 horfe. This prince prevailed with Livius, by perfuading : him he might get a great booty ‘from the enemy’s country about Thyatira *, to fend 5000 foldiers on — an expedition with him, . This’ detachmen ned in a few days with great plunder. vos ee IN the ‘mean time a fedition’ broke out at. czea, by means of fome who engaged the: t to declare for Antiochus, “They were, oppreffed._ wi 2 A city of Lydia —Book sxxvity :: by: FITUS LI VIUS. a1 teet’s wintering: there; : and with, a-tax, ‘by ‘Which CAAP, ; raste-oblignd vo: pay.500.gowns and-gco tunics, mR. “ re: Ins great want; Qf corn, which ————* obliged both thie ‘Roman fleet and igatifon:to.quit the By this means. the faGtion, whieh: by feditious ches indaced the: commeanalty tondeclare for An: aS,,; were freed nze- with:.30. ‘Roman -nen of, war, and mies ‘which. Eutnenes‘had-brodght: with failed to tlie £ellefpont 16: favor the:pat- fages ‘ands prepare; every’ thirig whichiwas inéceffary for the.army he-expetted'by lind, ‘Dhe:firft pdrt he touched, at-was-that'called -Acheurn*.. Then he went up to-dlium,. atid’ ‘facrificed :to Minetva.:-Hiore he gave.a gracious receptiomto the deputies from Eleus, Dardaijium- and Rhietlum*, who came:to farrender their refpective cities. »Fiom ifrence: he-failed to the mouth of.:the Hellefpont; ‘and-leaving ten -fhips ‘be- fore Abydos, went with ithe reft to-befiege.Seltos They: had: approached the:walls fword in hand, when fome fanatic Gauls met. thém béfore-the-pates'in their facrificing robes, ‘Thefe priefts of «Cybele faid they wére.come by coriimand:of the Goddets, ‘to ‘implore the Ronpatis-to. {pare the city and it’s’ walls.” No in- jery was -offered-t6 them, ..-Immediately-after the fe- nate: dnd. magiftrates \canie out ‘in préceffion to fur- render-it;:From hence-he returned to: Abydos, where having in-a-cohference founded their inclinations, and a8 ‘Reeiving a: ere aniwer, he prepared t to-af- fault ic: ; *' Qld “Troy's shear ‘cape ‘Sige, “It “fief ; yas called Agbeum from the Greeks.” ¢.A city of Tr Tiga. ‘lafingeap their {Hips there ‘Siking “the °*'¢ The'medéin’ Peffiia, fiege of Troy. © The Dardanelles, > New Gritea in the Tbracian Cher DURINGPolyxenidasy: idimiral: of “thé. ere ‘fleet, who Ww ty Rhodian ceniley received-advice thatthe fleet.:of: his ‘native country had : put to‘fea,. and that Paufiftratas, ' awho: commianded ir,'- had’ fpoke’ of him-w haughiti: nefs and ‘contempt. * Stung:to-the ‘heart with thefé're- © proaches,:and aétuated by: revenge, he meditated nid- thing night‘or:day, -but-how to confute thefebravas © : yi Fle. fent w‘perfon acquainted: with them: both: sof: doing himand his country s-if-he could reinftate‘hitn in’ dering how that: was‘ practicable;:‘h timer’. But‘when he engaged that, he would cither'ad jointly with him‘in the.affair, ‘or ‘faithfully ‘conceal ir; tell: him,:-:*-that--he: was capable © the meflenger:affured ‘him,: that’ ‘Polyxeiiidas? cwould — betray. either:. the . whole: -royal:fleet,' or ther'preateft part of ittohim, He-afked'no: other ‘retompénieé i for this i important fervices than being reinftated-in his | country. -. The Rhodian‘adntiral:-thought it a matter of too great. reonfequence, to'be'lightly credited, ‘or rejected with contempt, : So:he‘went:to Patiormas; a port.in Samos,: and ‘ftaid their to examine ‘into he coffers made» him.: “Couriers paffed between’ t without ‘convincing ‘Pavfiftratus; ‘till in the prefence of “his .meffénger: Polyxehidas wrote, figned, -fealed and delivered an engagement to:perform his promi- fes. The.-foriner thought he had the latter. firmly bound by: this obligation 3: neither did he believe that a fubject-of‘the'king’s would be fo mad, ‘as to give 3 -under his’ hand an evidence againtt . himfelf, Then Polyxenidas pretended to take’ the proper meafures for effecting his defign, He faid, * he would: caufe -* all preparations to. be neglected ; he would‘not'ém- « ploy rowers, or many. feamen, He would::leave -*-his prefent:-ftation, and. under:pretext. of ‘refitting © fome fhips, would fend others away to neighbor- « ing pofts, He would keep:a-few in.the-road-of + Ephefus, “which, \if he ‘was’ forced to fight,’ ;he # Now Macri, |i } ‘ nafs; and athersito'‘thé:city:of Samos; ; againft he. fhould:réceive:.a , Polyxenidas,: the better: to. Booketixxvii.. « by TITUS. LAVIUS. «. would expofe to: Be taken.’: tratus:félliinto.the-real: negligence, whic ie had! been fallely:affared Polyxenidas: would: obférve, vs He Of ihis: fhips:to: fetch provifions:from! Hialica: 16° be ‘ready’ advice from: ithe traitor.! cover his: defi ign; drew in=' - to-dack feveral ‘of his’ ‘fhips,- and cleanedthe- docks’ in order! to:draw‘up more. ::: He likewife rendézvouf-’ ; ed. all his: feamen not at-Ephefus but.at Magnefia, -: ONE. of! Antiochius’s-foldiers, -whoi had come to? CHAP. - Samos.about fome private:bufinefs, was, apprehended:_!- “asa fpy, and carried to..the admiral at‘Pariormns;: This-fellow,. when. examiined about* ‘the. tranfaCtionst at Ephefus, either thraugh fear; :or want ,of affection! to his countrymen;; revealed.every thing's ‘that’ there: ‘was:4:fleet ready fitted ‘and -man’d.:in’ the ‘harbor 5: at-all:the feamen were fent to Magnefia near Sipy- © Joss afew thips had been drawn afhoré, thedocks fhue, _ up,: and: that all. hands: were bufily employ’d about: naval affairs: But. the admiral was, fo -prepoffefled with the-vain, promifes of his: artful: enemy, that: he did not give'credit to:this report.” When Polyxenit ~ das had.got every thing ready, he fent for the rowers by night from Magnefia, haled downithe fhips he: had drawn into dock: in a:great hurry, and. purpofely: wafted. the day :in’ making - preparations, : becaufe--he: *. would not have his fleet defcry’d atifetting out. Af: f » he kepe quiet there.all the’ next-day, and in the ni ter. funfet_ he failed out-with 70 decked vefiels,: atid’ by the’ help: of a fair wind: got into the port'of Pyge-: las before day. "For ‘the reafon . amentioned -béfore;, he? “ ftood over for the land-neareft Samos, ‘From Hetice: = alfo he-detached- Nicander, a privateer captain;\ with? 3 thips to Cape. Palinutus, with.-orders ‘to marghi from: thence by land. with troops -to-fall on:the 4 anemyi on the other fide of.Panormus. In the: mean time hie: vided: his fleet, to fecure both fidgsiof the: ‘entry’ “te? the harbor, .Paufiftratus was for fome. time: difordére: 2 Now Figenas *- #3 ye 5 I ‘Tmntediately“Paahife 265Ids The Romaw : His gory) Dety 4; CHAP. ed‘by‘this unexpected attack, Burbeing an old ex- XE perienced officers: he quickly:recoyvered, and thinking —v—™ it -beter to make'head againft the enemy from land than on the water, potted his.troops to the right and © left. on two. promontories, whichsun out into the fea from the -harbor:; He flattered: himfelfhe.could'ea. fily repel the ceremiy by miffile weapons. from ‘thofe two: pofts on both fides of .them.: :But fince Nican- der by land difconcerted his fcheme,:he altered: his .re~ folution, and fuddenly. ordered them all on-board | *. their fhips,. .. Upon this both foldiers.and failors: were feized with a panic, as if they had been to fly im:thei fhips, when:theyfaw themfelves furrounded oth: by fea and land... Paufiftratus faw. no way of faving his feet; but by. foreing a: paffage by the mouth of the harbor into the open fea. ‘Therefore, .when he faw his men-on board, he rowed ‘away ‘faft: towards. ity ordering the'reft to follow him. He -hadvalready got out, wheir Polyxenidas:attacked his fhip-on three different quarters with as many men of war. - The veffel being bulged.by the ftrokes of their. beaks funk, and: all on-board.iher were overwhelmed with darts, Among the reft’ Paufiftratus died fighting bravely. The reft of :his figet were either taken within or with- . out the harbor.. Nicander feized fome as they were endeavoring to put off. from the fhore. Only. five Rhodian-veffels‘and two Coan efcaped by forcing a | paflage through the thickeft of the enemy, by light ing, great fires on their prows,’ They had two long | poles projecting ‘from their heads, with:irom: kettles full of fire hanging at theend of them, ‘Fhe- tri- remes which were, coming from the neighboring port of .Erythraea to the-relief of thé -Rhodians, met thofe that .efcaped.. by. the -way, .and::failed ail together to: thg Romans:.on othe Hellefpont, . About ‘the: fame time the: guards atcone.of the:gates:of Phocaa open- eq: it to Selenous, and. put:him in pofféffion of the town: Cymeéf alfe, and other maritime cities revolted tovhim fomfedre ii te aa ol © Con is now the if_and of Langa... © Caftri in Aiolis, between Myrina and Pheceeas ' I i | | ; DURINGBook xxxvii. “by SIT U's: LIVIus, a's PURI NG thefe ‘ranfadtions in ‘Folia, Abydos CHAP, “foitie“ days was’ defeided by the King’s garifon, x1. But be iS all wearied, the ‘mhagiftrates,’ with’ ‘the per- ami Philotas, who commanded the garifon, “were treatifig with Livius abour terms of’ capitilati . They had-agteed on every thing, excepting he garifon fhould march out with their. arms or. not. ‘While‘they were difputing on this article, ‘a ¢¢ arrived with advice: of the defeat of ‘the Rhadians, “and fo the opportunity of taking the town was ‘Toft “For Livits, fearing that Polyxenidas, fiufhed with ‘his gteat fuccefs, would attack his fleet. at. Cane, “quitted ‘the fiege of Abydos atid the Hellefpont im- _ mediately, and put. to fea with the fhips that were at ‘Cane.’ “Eumenes alfo caine’ to Elzas, - Livius, be- ing joined by two Mitylenian triremes, went to Plio- exeawith all'his flget.. But hearing that there™‘was ‘4 ftrong garifon of the kine’s in it, and that Scleucys was ehcainped near it, ‘he ravaged their fea cdaft, and embarking. great deal ‘of' plunder, .efpecially men; ftaid'ino ‘longer ‘than till Ruenes fiould conte. up with: his ‘Aéet, and ‘then'fer.out for Samos.” The news‘of the defeat of the Rhodian fleet ‘filled. them With’ great’ grief, and gave them a great alarm. For befides ‘the lof of their foldiets and fhips, they. had loft the-flower of ‘their youth, “as moft of théir nobi- lity had followed Paiififtratus, who was highly re- fpected: by hi ‘eguntry ret on account of his extraor- inary’ merit’ - But cotifideritg at laft that they had been tréacheroully ovér-reached, and by a ‘country- man of their own, their grief ‘was turned into refent- ment.’ They irhmediately detached ten men of war, and ‘in a‘ few days ten’ ae ‘under thé cOmmand. of Eudamus, who, though’’riot’ fo able ‘an admiral as Pauliftratus, yet they ‘hoped’ would at ledft be’ more cautious, becaufe hie ‘had lef fire in| his tempér. The, Romans and’ king ‘Eamenes ‘touched Arlt with their fleet at Erythraea, Staying here only one night, .gext day they,; af away. for ‘Corycum * 2.4 promontory : 2 To the welt of Zeii, on the Ionian Gidph. = I near36 cr £6 the neareft ports.of: Samos, . but.not ie fun. rofe, by which the pilots could-have ¢ |the weather, they: met with a; gréat {torm, For ‘in the middle of their paffage the wind veered’ ’ from north-eaft to due north, and raifed,a great {well in the fea. ..:- , a oe a CHAP. 'POLYXENIDAS, : imagining .the:.Roman XII ‘fleet would fail to join.the. Rhodians at Samos, left Ephefus, and appeared off Myonnefus*, from whence he ftood away for an ifland called Mactis},..His.de- fign was to. pick -up any fhips that might ftraggle from the enemy’s main. fleet, or to attack. theit rear as they pafled. But feeing them difperfed by.a. ftorm, he firft imagined he had got'a fair opportunity to at. tack them bit as the.wind increafed, and the: waves rut mountains high, he perceived that: irnpracticable, - and fo ftood away to the ifland Ethalia,: i f attack, them next day, ‘coming in from: the. {¢ ; port of. Samos... A-{mall number of the Roman. fhips : made this port in the firft ‘part of the night, .and the! reft, after. being toffed about all night, “ran into. the ‘ fame place... Here’ being informed by the peafants © that the enemy’s fleet Jay.at A¥thalia, they.held a council of war, in order. to. determine whether they fhould attack it immediately, or wait the, arrival of - the Rhodian, fquadron,. Having refolved. to, defer. the attack, ‘they failed away for ,Corycum,,. fi whence they. came. Polyxenidas..likewife,...a fruitlefs expedition, returned to Ephefus,,:.In,c quence of his having. left the -fea clear, the Roman! fleet returned to Samos, where the. Rhodian arrived ; within a few days. And as. an evidence. that. they ; waited for it, they, immediately. ftood away for Ephe- | fus to give the enemy. battle, or oblige them to.own | - their fear by. refufing ‘to fight, which ;would.have a, id effect..on the allies. They.drew:up in,a line ¢ t . . co a a { + & Now Sujir; a tity‘on the coalt: “fignifies an ifland, of rats. t ofdnig es PR aay one Ofte Cyclades, > | * In the Lonic Gulph, The word . See | facing |Book'kxkvii. by TITUS LIVIUS, 17 facing the mouth of the port. But feeing none move CHAP. agaihit them, one divifion anchored at the entry to XU. the haven, and another landed the troops. They had ravaged -the country; and were carrying off a vaft booty, when; approaching the walls, Andronicus the Macedonian; who commanded the garifon at Ephe- fas, made a fally upon them, and after retaking moft of the plunder; forced them to their fhips, and to put off from land, Next day the Romans, having placed an ambufcade in the middle of the way, went in a body up to the city, in order to diaw the go-. vernor into it: But perceiving that a fufpicion of the fact deter’d every perfon from coming out, they returned to their Meet; and as the. enemy avoided a battle both. by fea and land, the fleet returned to Sa- mos frorti whence it came. From thence the préetor detached two triremes belonging to their Italian al- lies, and two Rhodian ones under the command of a Rhodiin commodofe named Epicrates, to cruize in the ftreights* Gf Cephalenia; which was infefted by a _ Spartan pirate, Hybrifta, with the youth of Cepha- Jenia ; fo that the Romans could not feceive their _ fupplies from Italy. a] ' a AT Pyreseus Epicrates met L. Emil. Regillus, CHAP. - who was to’ fuccede Livius in the command of the *!¥: fleet, Regillus being informed of the defeat of the Rhodiais,*and having only two quinqueremes with * him, made‘ Epicrates ‘return with his four fhips to ! convoy him-to Afia, ,He was alfo attended by fome " open veffels belonging to Athens, fo he crofied the ' @igean fea, Timaficratesa Rhodian came to him . about midnight with two quadriremes. . Being intro- . duced to Aimilius, he told him he was come as a : convoy to him, becaufe that coaft was infefted by : Antiochus’s fhips; which made frequent excurfions » from Hellefpont and Abydos. Befides, on his paf- . fage from Chios to Samos, he met two Rhodian qua- driremes, detached on purpofe by Livius, and king Eumenes with two quinqueremes. Qn his arrival at + © Between Cepbalenia and Zacyntbus, Vou, VI, - Samos,18 The Roman History _ . Dec. 4° Samos, he received the command. of the -fleet-from Livius, and after having duly offered the ufual facri- fices, he called a council of war, Livius being.afk- ed his opinion firft, {poke to this effect. ¢:None can © give more falutary counfel than he who would ad- * vife another to do what he himfelf would do in the © fame circumftances. He had refolved to have car- “ried with him to Ephefus many tranfports full of © ballaft, and funk them in the mouth of their port, * which it would have been eafy to have choaked up, * as the channel to it was like a river, long, narrow « and full of fhelves, By this means the enemy’s fleet * would be entirely ufelefs” But nobody liked the advice. CHAP. UPON this king Eumenes rofe up and afked XV. him, « What courfe they would take after having choaked up the port by finking thofe veffels? Whether they would leave it unguarded, and fail away with their fleet to relieve their allies, and ter- rify their enemy’s? or block. it up with their whole force? If they went away, the enemy would cer- tainly weigh the hulls that were funk, and open the entrance to the port with greater eafe than it was fhut. But if they were to remain before jt, what purpofe could it fetve to ftop ic up ?; On the other hand, the enemy would pafs-the campaign in quiet in a fafe harbor, and an, opulent-city plentifully - fur- nifhed with all neceffaries out of Afia, But.the Romans, expofed to waves and tempefts.in an open road, would by continuing there be in want of eve- ty thing, and rather tied up: and prevented from going upon neceflary expeditions, than block up * the enemy.’ Then Eudamus, the Rhodian admi- ral, declared, that he difapproved Livius’s project, but did not propofe ancther himfelf. At laft Epi- crates, the Rhodian commodore, was of opinion, © that quite neglefting Ephefus, they ought to de- anew mn on nm new nnnn ' ©tach a fquadron into Lycia, to bring Patara, the * capital of that nation, into the Roman intereft, * This will produce two falutary confequences, The * Rhodians, being fecured frorn all-ateacks from-the . ~ i © con.Book xxxvii, by TITUS LIVIUS, | © continent upon their ifland, will be put in a condi- © tion’ to apply their whole ftrength to the war with © Antiochtis; and moreover, that fleet which. was © fitting out at Lycia would be prevented from join- * ing Polyxenidas.’ This opinion prevailed. How- ever Regillus refolved to {ail with his whole fleet, and alarm the enemy in the port of Ephefus, _. IN the mean time, Livius was detached to Ly- CHAP, cia with a fquadron confifting of two Roman quin- *¥!, queremes, four Rhodian quadrirémes; and two un- decked veffels of Smyrna: He had orders to fail firft to.Rhodes, and communicaté his refolutions to them, His orders were exaétly executed by all the ftates by which he paffed, Miletus*; Myndus; Fa- licarnaffus, Cnidus* and Coos; As foon as he ar- rived at Rhodes, he laid before them his inftruétions, and afked their advice on them. After they unani+ _ moufly approved them, and ofdered three quadri- remes to join his fquadron, he fet fail for Patara. He arrived there with a fair wind; and hoped _ fome motion would be made in his favor on this fud- ; denalarm. But the wind: foon changirg, occafion- ' eda great fwell, However, by the help of their oars they got to the land. ‘Yet there was no fafe an- chorage about the city, nor could they lye before the enemy’s port, becaufe the fea was rough; and- night coming on. So failing by the walls, they / went to Pheenicus, a fafe port about two miles di- ftant, Jt was commanded by high rocks, which the inhabitants.and the king’s ‘troops that garifoned the place quickly feized, _ Notwithftanding the landing places were very difficult and: fteep, yet Livius de- tached the Iffan ° auxiliaries, and light armed co+ horts of Smyrna, to repel them, Thefe fuftained the fight at firft, while they had but a few to fkirmifli with, at adiftance with miffile weapons, and did nog come to clofe engagement, ‘ But the number of the enemy increafing, and thé:whole multitude pouring | down upon them, Livius began to fear left bis auxs — Nal} ® Now Melaffa, © Now Laiaff in Caramania. © Cage Crios a € 2 iiaries2.0 The Roman History Dec.4. CHAP. iliaries thould be intercepted, and his fhips be in XVI. danger from the land, For this reafon he brought on to the attack not only his foldiers, but the failors and rowers, armed in the beft manner they could. Then enfued a bloody battle, and not only feveral foldiers, but even L, Apuftius fell in this tumultuous rencounter, Yet at laft the Lycians were routed, put to flight, and driven back into their town, and the Romans returned to their fhips, having purchafed the victory at the expence of much blood. From thence Livius went to the gulph of Telmeffus, which has Caria on one fide, and Lycia on the other. Here laying afide all thoughts of further attempts on Pa- tara, he fent the Rhodians home. He himfelf coaft- ed alohg Afia for Greece, and meeting the two Sci- pios about Theflaly, failed away for Italy. CHAP. WHEN Ailius got notice that the expedition XVIL. into Lycia had mifcarried, and Livius returned to Italy, while he himfelf had been obliged by a ftorm to leave Ephefus, without. effecting any thing, and return to Samos, and that the attempt on Patara had not fucceded, he refolved to fail with his whole fleet, and attack that city with the greateft vigor. Hav- ing coafted along Miletus, and the coafts of other ftates in the Roman intereft, he made a defcent at Jaffos* in the gulph of Burgylia, This city was garifoned by Antiochus’s troops. The Romans laid all the country round it wafte, Then -having fent perfons to found the inclinations of the principal men and magiftrates, and received for anfwer, that they had nothing in their power, he advanced to affaule the walls. The Romar-had foine Jaffenfian. exiles with him, who in great numbers conjured:the Rho- dians, ‘ not to fuffer a neighboring city, and allied * to them by blood ®, to perifh without having giv- * en any offence. They themfelves had been banifh- ‘ed folely on account of their firm attachment to «the Romans, and the fame forces of the kings that “3 A city of inia, on the frontiers > They czine both origiially from of Caria, Atbent, aa! _. ¢hadBook xxxvii, by TITUS LIVIUS. © had driven them from their native city, {till over. © awed thofe that remained in it. For all the inha- © bitants’ were unanimoufly inclined to fhake off the © Syrian yoke? Thefe prayers made an impreffion on the Rhodians, who, being feconded by king Eu- menes, by urging the relation between them, and at the fame time lamenting the wretched circumftances of the city, already in a manner befieged by the king’s garifon, prevailed with Regillus not to attack it. Thus they fet fail thence, and becaufe every o- ther place was fubjeét to them, they went to Lo- ryma‘, a maritime city oppofiteto Rhodes. Here the legionary tribunes privately murmured among themfelves, but at laft it reached /Emilius’s ears, They faid, ¢ the fleet’'was carried far from Ephe- © fus, the proper feat of the war, and the enemy © left behind ar liberty to attack numerous cities in « their alliance with impunity.” Thefe murmurs af feéted AEmilius very much, Wherefore affembling . the Rhodians, he enquired whether the. port of Patara 1 j i was large enough to contain the whole fleet, When they anfwered in the negative, he took occafion from thence to quit that enterprize, and fo returned to Sa- mos, AT the fame time Seleucus, fon of Antiochus, having kept his army all winter in AZolis, partly em- ploy’d in affifting his allies, and partly in ravaging the lands of thofe ftates he could not prevail on to declare for him, formed the defign of entering the dominions of Eumenes, while he, in conjunction with the Romans and. Rhodians, was at a great diftance at- tacking the maritimecitiesof Lycia.. He firft approach- ed Elzea with hoftile banners difplay’d, But quitting that fiege, he laid wafte the country with fire and fword, and marched on to Pergamos, the capital, and ftrong- eft place of the whole kingdom. Atralus * at firft encamped before the walls, and rather haraffed the enemy in fkirmifhes of his horfe and light foot, than made head againft them, Ac laft thefe encounters £ Now Maxi, in Afia Minir, ® Eumenes’s brothers C3 con- br CHAP. XVI. was CHAP. XVIII, ned22 The Roman History Dec. 4, CHAP, convinced him that he was nota match for them, fo | “XVII he retired within the walls, Then the city was in- “Y= vetted, Almoft at the fame time Antiochus fet out from Apamea, and encamped firft at Sardis, and | then near Seleucus, at the fource of the Caycus®, with a numerous army compofed of different nations, The moft formidable “troops he had were 4000 Gallo. Greeks, Thefe with a few others he detached tq ravage the lands about Pergamos, As foon as this news reached Samos, Eumenes fet out to repel the war in his own country, and arrived with his fleet at Elza, Having found light horfe and foot ready waiting for him there, he came under their efcorte to his capital, before the enemy perceived it, or made any motion to intercept him, The light {kirmifhes immediately began again ; but Eumenes would not venture a decifive battle, A few days after the Ro- man and Rhodian fleet arrived from Samos at Elza to affift him, When Antiochus got notice that their troops were landed at Eleea, and that two fuch nu- merous fleets were aflembled in that port, while at the fame time the conful was in Macedonia with his army, and preparing to pafs the Hellefpont, he thought it the propereft time to afk a peace, before he fhould be hard preffed both by fea and land. He retired to an eminence facing Alaa. There he left all his infantry, and going down with his cavalry, which were 6000 in number, intoa plain under the walls of the town, fent a trumpet to AZmilius wich- propofals of a peace, CHAP. THE Roman fent for Eumenes from Pergamos, XiX. and held a council of war, to which the Rhodians were admitted, The latter were not averfe to peace, But Eumenes infifted, ¢ that they could not with ho- * nor treat of or conclude a peace at that time. Can we, faid he, when fhut up and befieged within ¢ our walls receive conditions of peace with credit ? * Befides, whag force will a treaty have, that we fhall } It rifes in Myjfa, ard runs into Guereifio. Tt ig now called Cofri, or the Afgean Sex, near the gulph of Girmafi, £ negotiateBookxxxvii, by TITUS LIVIUS. 23 negotiate without the conful, or being authorized CHAP. : bythe Roman fenate and people? And pray, when XIX. you. have concluded a peace, will you immediately “retutin into Italy with your army and fleet? or will you'wait till you know the conful’s pleafure con- cerning it, the orders of the fenate and refolutions of the people? The confequence of this will be, that you'll remain in Afia, retire into winter quarters, fufpend all hoftilities, impoverifh your allies by fur- nifhing you provifions, and laft of all, if your fa- ‘periors pleafe, begin the war anew ; a war we have in our power to terminate with the help of the Gods before the conclufion of this campaign, if we do not ftop in our prefent glorious career” This opi- nion prevailed, and anfwer was returned to Antiochus, that they could not treat of a peace till the arrival of the conful. The king’s hopés of peace being thus froftrated, he ravaged the lands round Aélea and Pergamos. Then leaving his fon Seleucus there, he:went to Adramyttium *, committing the fame ho- ftilities during his whole march, After that they went to that fruitful country called the plains of Thebz®, celebrated by the immortal poet Homer, The king’s troops got more booty here than in any territory in Afia Minor, “Aimilius and Eumenes came alfo with their fleets to fuccor Adramyttium. LUCKILY about the fame time one Diophanes CHAP, artived at Elzea, with 1000 foot and ros horfe from xx. Achaia, As foon as they landed Attalus fent guides —~—~ who brought them to Pergamos by night, They were all veteran experienced troops, and their cap- tain had learned the art military under Philopoemen, | the ableft general at that time in Greece. This offi- | cer took only two days to reft his men and horfes, | to view the enemy’s pofts, and to ftudy the time and places by which they made their approaches and re. tired, ‘The king’s troops had approached as far as Aaa en ee ne a A ® Now Adramiti, or S, Dimitri, _» Deftroy’d by Achilles during the in Afia Minor, on the confines of Trojan war, Myjia-and Trews, C4 the i24 The Roman History Dee. 4; CHAP. the foot of the hill on which the city ftood. By this - ¥X; means they could ravage the country behind them ry with fecurity, and none ventured out of the city, fo much as to throw a dart at their advanced guards, After they obliged the enemy to take:fhelter within the town, they conceived the greateft contempt for them, and became quite. negligent and fecure themy felves, The greateft part of them did not keep their horfes faddled or bridled, Only a few remained under arms and on duty; the reft were difperfed through the fields; fome wafting the time in youthful diver- fions,. fome feafting under the coo] fhades, and others afleep at their eafe. .Diophanes obferving this from the top of the walls ordered his men to arm and be ready at the gate, He himfelf went and told Attalus, that he had a mind to beat up the enemy’s quarters, Attalus with difficulty confented, as he confidered he was to oppofe 300 horfe with-100, and 4000 foot with 1000. However he marched out and halted not far from the enemy’s poft, waiting an opportu- nity to fall on them. But thofe in the city lopked on this as phrenzy rather than a bold and prudent at- tempt, The enemy alfo viewed them a little, and feeing they made no motion, did not abate of their ufual negligence, making a jeft of this handful of men. Diophanes kept his detachment quiet for fame time, as if he had brought them out to fee and be feen, But when he perceived the enemy quitted their ranks, ordering his foot to follow as faft as poftible, he himfelf at the head of his own troop galloped up and fuddenly attacked the advanced guard, while both his horfe and foot fent up the Joudeft acclamations, Not only the men were terri- fy’d, but the frightened horfes breaking their halters, occafioned great terror and confufion among the ene- my. A fmall number of horfes were ftill trembling jn their places; but it was not eafy to faddle, bridle, or moujt them, as the Achean cavalry had occafion- eda much greater confufion among them than could have been expected from fo {mall a number. But 2 Diophanes’sBook xxxvil- by TITUS LIVIUS, 25 Diophanes’s foot, who were regularly formed and on their guard, attacking the enemy, who were carelefsly difperfed. and half afleep, made great flaughter of them, and put thofe who efcaped death to the rout on all fides. Diophanes continued the purfuit as far as he could without expofing himfelf, and returned triumphant to the’ city, having purchafed to the Acheans great glory and efteem ftom the citizens, who; both men and. women, had feen the action from the walls. ; THE next day the king’s troops, keeping more CHAP, on their guard and obferving better difcipline, retired *X1- §00 paces farther from the city. At the fame time the: Achaeans marched out to the fame place. Both fides ftood facing each other for many hours, as if they. had waited. for one another to attack. At laft near funfet, when it was time to retire to their lines, the Syrian troops, with colors flying, began to file off in a line, rather proper for a march than aétion, Diophanes made no motion while they were in fight. At laft he charged their rear on the fame ground he had done the day before, He caufed fo much terror , and-confufion among them, that they fuifered them- felves to be cut in the back without facing about ta fight. In this confternation, which was fo great that they fearce kept their ranks, he drove them within their lines, hefe bold attacks of the Achzans obliged Seleucus to quit the Pergamenian territories, As foon as Antiochus got notice, that the Romans and Eumenes were arrived to defend Adramyttium, he retired from before it and ravaged the country, Then he took Pera, a colony of Mitylenians, He likewife.took, at the firft affault, Cotton ®, Dory- leum *, Aphrodyfias*, and Crene®, From thence he croffed Thyatira and returned to Sardis, Seleucus ftaid on the’ coaft to over-awe fome cities and protect 2 In Myfa onthe borders of Hulit, _ 4 There were.two of that names _® Unlenown if not Catiaéirin Pbry- the firft in Caria, now called Santa gia Major, Croce ; the fecond belonged to Cilicia, _° Now Txadurili, in-the fame pro- and is now called §. ‘Ybz2dcro, vince, : § On the confines of Galatia. others,26 - The Roman History.” ° Dec. 47 CHAP, others. The Rowian fleet -with.Eumenes and. the xxi Rhodians returned firftto Mytelene‘, and then back to —v-—~ FE lea, from whence they came. Then ftanding away for Phocaa,.they arrived at an ifland called Bachius ®, above the city. After they had. rifled the temiples;: from which they had abftained before, and carried off the fine paintings, with which the ifland abounded, they approached the city itfelf. ‘They divided, in or- der to attack it in two parts, But perceiving, as Antiochus had thrown a garifon of 3000 men into it, that it could not be taken without raifing works, applying engines and ladders, they quitted the fiege: immediately and retired to the ifland again,. after having done the enemy no other harm than ravaging their lands round the city. : CHA FROM thence, it was agreed, that Rumenes xxi. ‘{hould be fent home to prepare every thing neceflary t—--—~ for the conful’s pafling the Hellefpont with his army;' and that the combined fleet of Romans and Rhodians fhould return to Samos, where they were to lye inthe road to prevent Polyxenidas from moving’ from Ephefus. Accordingly they fet out for their relpective ftations, At Samos, M. /Emilius the prator’s.bro- ther died. After the celebration of his obfequies, the Rhodians fet out with thirteen of their own men of war, one Coan and one Cnidan quinquireme; to wait for a fleet which it was reported was coming from Syria. wo days before Eudamus left Samos with his fhips, another {quadron of thirteen fail under the command of Pamphilida had been detached from Rhodes againft the fame fleet, Pamphilida, taking with him the four veffels that were ftationed to pro- tect Caria, raifed the fiege of Dedala*, and fome other inconfiderable forts, invefted by the king’s troops, Then it was agreed, that Eudamus fhould putco fea directly. He was alfo joined by fix open veffzls, Then he made all poffible difpatch, and followed thofe that had gone before to the port os F An ifand of Lebo, now Metelin, — & Now Urlie, 8 Ia the gulph of Smyraay 2 Megifte*,Book xxxvii. by TITUS LIVIUS, 27 Megifte®,. From thence putting to fea in one united fquadron, they failed to. Phafelis, which place they judged to be moft proper to wait for the enemy. PHASELIS is fituate on the confines of Lycia CHAP, and Pamphylia, It projects far into the fea, and is xxu. the firft land {een in failing from Cilicia to Rhodes, +-—~ and from it fhips may be defcried at a great diftance. This place was pitched upon as the moft advantageous for meeting the enemy. But not having forefeen that the air there was unwholefom, as it was. then midfummer, the unufual fmell bred difeafes, efpecial- ly among the rowers, So for fear of the plague they left that. ftation, and coafting along the gulph of Pamphylia arrived at the river Eurymedon*, Here the people of Afpendus ® informed them, that.the enemy lay at Sida‘. Contrary winds had detained the king’s fleet. Thefe were called the Etefian ‘winds, like the Favonian monfoons, which blow from the welt every fpring, The Rhodian fleet confifted of thirty two quadriremes and four triremes, The king's of thirty feven large veflels among which were three hepteremes and four hexiremes. Belides they had ten triremes. The enemy were likewile perceived from a watch-tower, Next morning by day break both fleets came out of port as if they had agreed to come to aétion that day, As foon as the Rhodians had doubled the head-land which projects from Sida into the fea, they perceived the enemy, who ia their curn defcried them, Hannibal commanded the left of the royal fleet next the fea, and Apollonius, one of the king’s favorites, on the right, By this time they were formed in a large front. The Rhodians ad- vanced in a line fileways. Eudamus was at their heade Chariclitus in the rear, and. Pampbhilidas in the center. As {gon as Eydamus perceived the enes © Now Strongallo, a {mall ifland ¢ Now Scandalor, oy Chirifonda, on near the coatts of Lycia, the confines of Cilicia. 4 Now Zacuth, *rifes in Pifidia, 4 They blow fometimes from one and falls into the Mediterrancan, and fornetimes from another quarter » Sixty miles’ up from the mouth of the heavens, of the Zacub, - my28 . The Roman History Dée. 4. my drawn up and prepared for action, he ftretched towards the fea, and ordered the reft to follow in order and form one front. This occafioned fome confufion at firft, For he did not go fo far out as to leave fufficient room for the reft to draw up. Be- fides he himfelf immediately attacked Hannibal’s divifion with five fhips only. For the reft being ordered to form a front did not fecond him, The rear divifion had no roam left them on the fide next the land; and while they were foul of each other, the right wing was engaged with Hannibal. ' CHAP. HOWEVER the Rhodians foon difintangled xxIV- “themfelves by their {kill and experience in fea affairs. For the headmoft of them ftanding immediately out to: fea left thofe that followed fufficient room to draw ‘up towards the land. If any of them run full tilt againft an enemy’s fhip, they either tore her bow, broke her oars, or failing freely through the lines, attacked them in the ftern; But what terrify’d the enemy-moft, was to fee one of the king’s hepteremes funk at one ftroke by a Rhodian fhip of a much fimaller rate. In confequence the enemy’s right wing began to fly: Towards the fea, Hannibal with a fuperior force preffed hard on Eudamus, who in eve- ry other refpect was an over match for him. Nay, he had certainly furrounded him, if the Rhodian admiral had not hung. out the fignal ufually made to rally a difperfed fleet, upon which all the victorious fhips from the right wing flew to his relief, Then Hannibal, with all the fhips of his divifion fled, The Rhodians did not purfue, becaufe the greateft number of their crews were ftill fick of the diftem- pers they had been feized with at Phafelis, and for that reafon were fooner fatigued. Therefore they caft anchor to refrefh themfelves. At that inftant Eudamus, perceiving from the poop of his.fhip many of the enemies fhips, that were difabled and torn to pieces, towing away by open boats, and twenty more in little better condition, he ordered filence and called, © Rife, all of you, and behold this agreeable fight.’ ; UponBook xxvii. by TITUS LIVIUS. 29 : Upon this they ftarted up, and feeing in what con- CHAP. . fternation. the enemy fled, called aloud with one voice ¥XIV. to purfue, Eudamus’s own fhip was much fhattered. So he ordered Pamphilidas and Chariclitas to follow » them, without expofing themfelves. They purfued a great way, but feeing Hannibal near land, and’ afraid left the wind fhould prevent themfelves fronr . geting off fhore, they returned to Eudamus. With great difficulty they towed to Phafelis the-heptereme . which was fhattered atthe firft attack. From thence they returned to Rhodes, not fo much rejoicing on account of their victory, as blaming each other for » not having funk “or taken the enemy’s whole fleet | while they had it in their power. Hannibal was fo’ , difcouraged by this fingle defeat, that he durft not : venture to coaft along Lycia, though he ardently . defired to join the king’s old fleet as foon as poffible. * But not even to leave him a free paffage here the : Rhodians detached Chariclitus with twenty beaked’ . galleys to Patara and the port of Megifte, They’ ordered Eudamus- to join the Roman fleet:at Samos . with feven of the largeft fhips of his fquadron, that he might ufe all his perfuafions and advice to engage them to befiege Patara, ' THE news of this vidtory firft, and then the CHAP. arrival of the Rhodians, gave the Romans great **¥: joy. It appeared plainly, that if the former were fecure from all apprehenfions from Patara, they’ eafily render all that coaft fafe, But as Antiochus had’ fet out from Sardis, they were obliged to ftay and guard Ionia and Afolis, left the Syrian fhould fall on | the maritime cities, They detached Pamphilidas with four fhips to join the fleet before Patara, “An- | tiockus not only gathered together the garifons of the’ cities around him ; but fent letters and embaffaders to Prufias * king of Bithynia’, inveighing againft the Romans for paffing into Afia, ‘ They are come, Zipates, who took poifeffion of Bi- Burfia, * Surnamed the Hunter, and fon of _ © Tt is now called by the Turks, tynia, on the death of Lyyimachut, : © faid3o . The Roman History. Dec. 43 CHAP, ¢ ‘faid he, to deftroy all monarchies, that there may XXV. © be.no empire but that of the Romans in the whole “v—~« world... After having fubjeéted Philip and Nabis, © they now attack. me in the third place. This © fire would fpread itfelf, gradually devouring thofe © that were neareft to it, till it had confumed all with © unabating rage. Their next ftep in order from me © is into Bithynia, fince Eumenes has yielded him- © felf up to voluntary flavery.? But a letter from the conful Scipio, and in particular from his brother Africanus, effaced the impreffions made by thefe letters on Prufias, and removed his fufpicions of the Romans having aay fuch defign. Befides, urging the conftant practice of the Roman people in augment~ ing the majefty of the kings in alliance with them, by every kind of honor, he engaged Prufias to em- brace their friendfhip by producing examples in his own family. ¢ The petty kings of Spain, whom they had taken under their protection, they had left great kings. They had not only placed Mafi- niffa in his father’s throne, but had put him in pof- feffion of the kingdom of Syphax, who had for- merly expelled him hisown. So that now he was not only the moft potent king of Afia, but equal ia majefty and power to any monarch in the world. T. Quinétius had left Philip and Nabis, though enemies conquered in war, in pofleflion of their dominions, In the preceding-year they had remit~ ted to Philip the tribute he owed, reftored him his fon whom he had given in hoftage, and their ge. nerals had fuffered him to recover fome towns not belonging to Macedon. The fenate would have held Nabis in the fame confideration, if his own phrenzy firft, and then the fraudulent practices of the AEtolians had not ruined him.’ But the arrival. of C, Livius, who had formerly commanded the fleet, in quality of embaffador to him from Rome; abfolutely fixed the king of Bithynia. He convinced him,, that the Romans were more likely to be victo- rious than the Syrian, and that their friendfhip was more to be depended on than that monarch’s, ANTIO- ARAN ene 8 ee nn ann «Book xxxvii.. by TITUS LIVIUS. 31 “ANTIOCHUS, difappointed. in his hope of CHAP. alliance with Prufias, fet out from Satdis to review’ Raut his fleet, which had lain feveral months ready to put “¥—~ to fea at Ephefus, This he did from reflecting, that with his land forces he fhould not be able to fuftain the war againft the Roman army with the two Scipios at it’s head, rather than that he had ever fucceded in any former attempts by fea, or that he had then - greater confidence in his fleet, Yet his hopes were a little flattered at that time by hearing, that a great part of the Rhodian fleet lay about Patara, and that king Eumenes was gone with all his fhips to meet thie conful.at Hellefpont. He was alfo buoy’d up _with the remembrance how the Rhodian fleet had been deftroyed at Samos, by a well concerted ftrata- gem. In this confidence, he fent Polyxenidas with the fleet to ufe all means to bring on an action, and : marched his Jand army to Notium, a city of the Colophonians, fituated on the fea-coaft about two _ miles from the ancient Colophon. He had a ftrong defire to become mafter of this town, which ftood onan eminence fo near Ephefus, that the Colopho- nians faw every thing he did either by fea or land, _ and immediately gave notice of it to the Romans, : who he did not doubt, as foon as they fhould hear of it’s being invefted, would directly come from : Samos with their fleet to it’s relief. By this means Polyxenidas would have an opportunity to fight. For | this reafon he raifed works againft it, and drew lines _ of circumvallation and contravallation round it even to ‘the fea on both fides... Then he approached it by _ mounts, galleries, and with rams covered with terraffes, . The Colophonians, terrify’d by this dreadful appa- : ratus, fent deputies to milius at Samos, to implore . his proteétion. Aéimilius was uneafy at having re- mained fo long unaétive at Samos, and expected no- hing Jefs than that Polyxenidas, whom he had twice in vain provoked to battle, would now attack him: befides he thought it fhameful, that Eumenes with his fleet affifted the confuls in tranfporting their legi- ons into Afia, and that he was detained for the re- lief32 The Roman History’ Dec. 4; CHAP. lief of the Colophonians, whofe city was befieged, “XXVI. -and he did not know how long they might be fo, Eudamus the Rhodian, who -had detained him at Samos when he was refolved to fail to the Hellefpont, and all the other officers urged him to comply with the deputies.requeft. They reprefented, * how much © better it would be to relieve his invefted allies, to © gain a fecond victory over a fleet he had once al. © ready defeated, and deprive the enemy of all force © at fea; than, by deferting his allies, and leaving © Antiochus fole mafter by fea and land, to pafs, © from his proper fcene of a¢tion to Hellefpont, where © Eumenes and his fleet were fufficient for the war.’ CHAP. AS they had confumed all their provifions, he re- xxvil folved to go to Chios, the Roman magazine, and “-v— where the ftore-fhips from Italy landed, to take in fome. As they were failing round to the back-fide of the ifland (which with refpect to Chios and Ery- thra, bears N.E.) intending to ftand over for the former, he learned by letters, that a number of ftore- | fhips with corn had arrived there from Italy, but | thofe which were bringing wines had been detained by contrary winds, At the fame time he received advice, that the city of Teos* liberally furnifhed the king’s fleet with provifions, and had promifed him 5000 hogfheads of wine. So he altered his courfe and ftretched away for that city, either to prevail with the inhabitants voluntarily to give them the pro- vifions they had provided for the king, or to treat them as enemies. As they were ftanding in towards the land, they defery’d fifteen fail near Myonnefus. | Taking it fora royal fquadron, the praetor refolved | to chace it. But he foon perceived it to’ be a fleet of {mall {wift failing pirates. They had made a defcent F on the coaft of Chios, and were returning laded with booty of all forts, but, fpying a feet at fea, fheered off. As they were nearer land, and light veffels made purpofely for running, they outfailed the Roman, and before he could come up, got fafe to Myonnefus. ® Now Sufir in Loaia, However;Book xxvii; by TITUS LIVIUS. 33 However, thinking to carry them out of port; he CHAP, ftood in after them, without being, acquainted with ¥XVII. the foundings. Myonriefus is a promontory between Teos and. Samos, rifing, in form of a cone, from a broad. bottom to a narrow pointed top: It has a communication with the continent by a narrow aves nue, and guarded.on the fide of the fea by fteep rocks almoft undermined by the beating of the waves; ins fomuch that in fome places the cliffs hang farther out into the water than the haven where the veffels lye under them. He durft not approach it for fear of the pyrates, who ftood’ ready to annoy him from thofe projected cliffs. So he fpent the day to no pur- pofe. In the night he ftood away difappointed of his aim, and. next day arrived at Teos, Having carried his fhips into the port, behind the city, called Gerafticus; he fent his marines to ravage the fields ‘ound the town, | ‘WHEN the Teians {aw the devaftation of their CHAP, fields, they fent deputies with a flag of peace to the XXVIII. retor, to tell.him they had never been guilty of any “WY Foltiies apaintt the Romans, either in word or action, But he accufed them ¢ with having fupply’d | © the enemy’s fleet with provifions, and told them of the great quantity of wine they had. provided for Polyxenidas, If they. would give it to him, he would recal his troops from ravaging their country, but:Jf. they refufed;.he would. treat them as ene- mies,? The deputies having returned. with this, fe« _ vere an{wer, the magiftrates affembled the, people, to deliberate on the, proper meafures to be taken, In he: mean time Polyxenidas, fail’d from. Colophon, and as foon as he heard the,Roman fleet, had left Sa- mos, chaled the pirates into Myonnefus, and was at anchor in the port Gerzefticus, he. privately entered a-port in.the iland of Macris, oppofite to cape Myon- nefus, From thence he fent to watch the enemy’s mo- ions, and.at fiift conceived hopes of being able. to fhut..up.. the Roman fleet here,. as he.had formerly, lone chat of the Rhodians ar Samos. The. ports of I . : —_ : Vou, the | |34 The Roman History ° Dé CHAP. the two places are very much alike. Thé two prom XXVIL tories, which form the bafon, lye fo nedr‘at the points that two fhips can fearce go out abréaft.. Polyxehidas tefolved.to block up this entrance in the night, and pofted ten fhips at the points of the promontories to fall on the enemy as they came out, and land the marines of his other fhips, as he had done ‘at Panérmis, that he might attack the enemy at “once both by’ fea and Jand. This was-a well concerted {chetne, but miffed of fuccefs by the Roman fleet fhifting it’s ftation to the port before the town, becaufeit feemed more convenient for loading the provifions, fince the Téang had promifed to comply witlr the ees demands, Ir is alfo faid that Eudamus the Rhodian pointed out the inconvenience of their’ fit ftation, taking the hint from two veffels running foul in the narrow entrance and. breaking their oars, - The danger lile- wife he apprehended from Antjochus, who was €n- camped near by land, induced ’ the praetor to, change his ftation. CHAP, THE fect being brotght'clofe up to’ the 1 ‘own | xxix. the marines and failois, ignorant of Polyxeitidas’s i—v— defigns, had gone’ afhore’ to ‘get their haie’-of | provifions and wine for theit’ proper vefléls" when luckily about mid-day a peafart brought intelligence to the admiral, that he had feén'a ‘leet anchor wit the port of Macris the day before, anda little’ beforé’feen fome of them coming out, “:"Phe preétor, truck’ ith this impending: ‘danger, ordered the: trum found, ‘asa "fignal: for all that‘were difpérfed in, the fields to"retuth; ‘and fent' the tribunes’ into‘the'¢ ity to maké the- inkrines !4rid’ faildr$’ get on: boar ‘They were ih asmiich: corifufidn: ‘as ‘people general are'at a fudddn" Gre oftdking Of thelt city’s ‘foie running fo ‘the’ towh''to récal”’ the: men, aiid! others’ running from- it on’ board “their ‘thips :" the clami g great," hat they could’ not hear the proper ‘Grder for what the’ crampets founded; “however board"at lat. ‘Still the Precipitation Was {oy igiéat, tht iéy ‘tduild fekrce” knowBook, xxxvii, by TITUS Livis. 3F at their. refpeRive pofts..:.Ehis .confufion, had: been CHAP) attended with dangerous confequences-both dt land | X¥1% and ‘by,. fea, shad not Amilius,. after: affigning: each their offices fail’d out of port firft. with his‘own fhip; and, regeiving each ,veflel.as they came:out fotmed them in one line: in their, proper ftations. Eudamus kept -on,..fhore. longer, to give his men. time to ems bark without, confufion,; and.to fend out each fhip as it was teady, By. this means the Romans, by direéti: on of their admiral, formed regular. front line, -and the Rhodiang:a feconds; and. ftood: out to {a inas good order as.if they had-defery’d the.enemy.: They had gotbetween.M yonnefus- -and Corycus, when they came in fight.of. them, . The reyal.fleet came up in a long line tworand twoabreaft, and.then formed large front, extending, as far to theleftas poffible, that they might be able to furround.the Roman right. When Eudamus from the.fecond line perceived that the:-Romans were not able.tomakg as-wide a: front, and that-they werd already ;on,:the. pong’ of being furrounded;! he came to the. front with. fome:Rhedian -veftels, which are ed. extremely Swift, made that equal to.the eties and appofed Polyxenidas’s fhip with:his own, , means all the,veffels, on: both fides: were CHAP. engaged. The Romans,hiad eighty dhips, including the ¥**- twenty of the Rhodians, The enemy’s fiéet conlifted of eighty nine fhips, three of which had fix, andtwo fe- ven benches, of oars. The Romans had the fuperiority over, the Syrian .in.-the:, ftrengeh: of -their‘veffels and their. foldiers, and: the: Rhadians:.by the nimblenefs of their galleys, -experichce of'theit pilocs and dexterity of their towers, But what'mott: sterrify’d the enemy were the fires in the Rhédian “hips, ‘an invention which had forcerly faved therh at Panor- mys;..and now contributed.greatly to their getting the vidtory.. For not.daring to turn their heads to: the fire-fhips, they turned: -afide to avoid thems fo that they .could,not ftrike the.enemy, while they:réceived all their. ftrokes on their breadfides*: if any - of! tem prefented their bow, it was filled with the fire; of Da which36 CHAP. which they.were much more ‘afraid than’ of the ene XXX. —-v—™ diers contributed moft to the victory, “For breaking The Roman Hisrory* ~Decs'4 my.. But, ds ufual, the bravery of the Roman‘‘fol: through the center of the Syrians they fetched 4 com- pafs and fell upon the rear of thofe engaged with the Rhodians, and immediately the king’s fhips invetted both in-the center and: left wing, were either ‘taken or funk, The right wing ftill maintained the fight more terrify’d with the defeat of their companions, than the danger they themfelves were in, But feeing them entirely furrounded and their-admiral’s fhip fly- ing, they crowded all the fail they could, and ftood away before a fair wind ‘to Ephefus. - In this a€tion the enemy loft forty two fhips, ‘whereof thirteen were | taken and the ‘reft either burnt or funk, The Ro- mans had two funk and feveral fhattered, One Rho- dian veffel was taken in a very remarkable manner. For having run full tilt againft a Sidonian veffel, the fhock fhaked out her own anchor, which took’ faft ' hold of the enemy’s bow. The Rhodians in great | perplexity gave over rowing, earneftly defiring to difengage themfelves, but the cable running foul a- mong. the oars, fwept away all thofe on’ one -fide; which weakened her fo much, that fhe fella prey to the veffel fhe had ftruck. This was the event“of thé battle of Myonnefus, - CHAP, .ANTIOCHUS was entirely confounded: with xxx. this defeat, which totally ruined his force at‘ fea, tv’ Defpairing of being able to defend: ariy place in ‘Eu- rope, he took. a. mad ftep, as the event afterwards proved, to recal his garifon from Lyfimachia, ‘left it fhould fall into the enemy’s hands. . For’ it was not only capable of fuftaining the firft attacks of the Romans, -but of holding outa fiege during the whole winter: By this delay he would have reduced~the befiegers to the extretneft want-of provifions ; and in'the mean timehe might have found an opportuni- ty of.coming to an accommodation. After: his'naval defeat, he:not only left Lyfimachia free to the enemy, but -raifed the fiege of Colophon and retired to Sardis, : : FromBook xxxvii... .by TITUS LIVIUS, 37 From, thence, folely.intent on coming. toa decifive CHAP: action, ;he fent to Ariarathes king of.Cappadocia for XXXt.. auxiljaties, and to every other place from which he: : could draw.forces. /Emilius.after his- victory failed: © for,Ephefus, where he formed his fleet in line of bat- te before the port: but as the enemy by refufing the. challenge confeffed him to be fovereign of the fea, he. ftood away for Chios, whither he was.going -before the. battle, -Having there repaired the fhattered vef- fels, he detached Scaurus with thirty fhips to tranfport the army over the Hellefpont, and ordered the Rho- dians, -who,-had fhared in the plunder, and were adorned with the trophies of the late victory, to re- turn home, But the Rhodians outfailed Scaurus, and tranfported the conful’s troops, and then returned to Rhodes, The Romans left Chios and failed to Phoczea.; This city: is fituated on a gulph that runs far in land, is longer than it is broad, and about two miles-and an half in circumferences: the extreme parts of the city ftood on a. narrow neck of ‘land in form like a wedge: the natives call it. Lamptera*: near the land itis 1200 paces broad, and runs out a mile,. dividing the bay in the middle, and forming two very fafe bafons with narrow entries to themi, That to the right is called Nauftathmos>, becaufe it receives a great number of fhips. That to the left is called Lamptera, becaufe the light-houfe ftood neareft it. THE Roman fleet having feized thefe two fafeCHAP. ports, the praetor thought proper before he raifed any XXXII. works, or attempted to fcale the town, to fend fome ~~~ perfons to found the inclinations of the magiftrates and principal men: but finding them obftinate, he attacked the city on two different quarters at once, There were few houfes on one fide, and nothing al- moft to be feen there but the temples of their Gods, He brought his rams up againft it firft, and began to batter the walls, As all the inhabitants ran to the defence of this fide, he battered the other likewife, ' and made a breach in both, . Upon this the Romans - : 8 A light-boufe, » A road for fhips. D3 attack’38 Bhe' Roman History’ Det: 4: CHAP. attack’d she’breaches‘and attempted’ to -fcalé the walls X¥XIL. at che'fame'time 5 but the inhabitaats made fo'vigorous terry 4 refithince,: that it plaitily appeared they refit on their aris and valor‘than on the ftré walls, Accordingly thé praetor, affected danger of his'troops,’ ordered’ the trunip Si ¢ a recreat, ‘not to expofe his men rafhly’ to"the defpes rate: faryvof the enemy." When thé Romiass were retired, ‘the‘Phocwans: did ‘not'go to” réft, “but with’ the greateft’ diligence repaired their breaches, While they ‘were bufied in this: work Antonitis'attived from the pretor, to reprimand them’ for ‘thei i and -repréfent to them, ¢ that the Romiaiis © greater regard for thém than they had'for chem £ and would“ not utterly deftroy their city.” Ti s. would forego their‘fury and lay down their ° © they thould’ have the fame termis that Li * formerly granted them” “They took five ‘days to delibérate ‘on thefe offers,“ During this ititerval,. they fent deputies to beg aid of Antiochus ; bat’ when they’ seturned’and told-them he was not in a‘condition ‘to grantieheir. requeft,: théy opened their gates, on con: dition, “that“they fhould not ‘be treated as. enemies, But afte? thé Romans énteted the town,, and the prae- tor-had iffued an ediéty ordering: them _to'be {pared as they chad furrendered, tHe troops raifed a terrible clatior, * # Tt is thameful, cry’d they, ‘that ‘the Phoe £ céeans; :who never were allies and always inveterate ¢: enemies to the Romans, fhould efcape unpunifhed.? Upon this, ‘as if ‘the preetor had given then) the fig- naly:they:difperfed to’ rifle the town. ‘“milius at firit endeavored to {tdp and bring them’ back, by ree monftrating that it'was cuftomary only, to rifle cities taken: by affault, not thofe that were’ furrendered ; and that even the fate of the former was at the dif, pofal of generals, not foldiers, But. feeing the rage and avarice of the'troops prevail aver’ his authority, he fent‘heralds al] aver the city to ordér dll the perfons _ of frée condition to‘afembile in the forum; where hé granted them all the advantages he had in his pons, hae leBooker. by EFTUS, LIVIUS, 39 ir city and territories, and al- Befides, as winter ap- ater there with his fleet, 1 nfal, after having crofled CHAP. ry.of AEnus.and Maronea ¢, received advice XXX11- King’s fleet, and ‘that he had eva- cuated ‘Lyfimachia, The Jatter proved much more joyfal” news to him; than the former ; for when he foon.after arrived’at that city, he found it ftored with all manner of provifions, as if they had been pur- polely prepared againft the coming of his army ; in- ftead of being obliruéted by a tedious and fatiguing fiegé,, or being thereby reduced to great want, “Here he ftay2d feveral days, waiting the coming up of his baggage and fick.;. for many who labored under dif eafes, or had tifed with the length of the march, had’ been left behind in the forts of Thrace, When : they. were come up, he croffed Cherfonefus, and ar- tived at the Hellefpont. As Eumenes had carefully prepared every thing necefiary for their paffing that tiver,. they did it ia good’ order, without the leaft obftruction, as if they “had been in an ally’s. country, It animated the Romans extremely to fee how freely they liad paffed, where they expected the greateft obftruction, They ftaid fevetal days on the banks " of the river, detained by a religious fcruple, It hap- penéd then to be the time of the’feftival, when the facred fhields were carried in proceffion, and they did not think it lawful to march on thefe days. P. Sci- pio, ; being one of the priefts of, Mars, feparated from the army that day, and did not, come up with his patt of-it till the feftival-was over. ” /DURING this feftival Heraclides, a Byfantine, CHAP, arrived in the camp,..with terms of peace from Anti- xxxtv. ochis,. He. conceived greater hopes of effecting i it froin the long ftay, of. the Romans there, whereas he had "expected, chat as, foon as they landed in Afia, they would have. marched with expedition in queft of shis matter, However he refolved, agreeable to . 3 Two sities of Thrace... D a ie40 CHAP. XXXIV. ery CHAP. XKKV. The Roman History “” Dec, 4. the king’s inftructions,. to apply to P. Scipio before he did to the conful.’ Befides his greatnefs ‘of foul, he hoped to find him more inclined’to peaceable mea- fures, as he had already teaped glory fufficient © all the world knew how humanely he had behaved in his conquefts in Spain and Africa; and moreover his fon was prifoner with Antiochus, Authors, as in re- fpeét to other events, are not agreed about the place, time and manner of this youth’s being taken, Some fay, he was intercepted by the king’s’ fleet,’ in his paflage from Chalcis to Oreos, in the beginning of the war, thers, that after their arrival in ‘Afia, be- ing fent ou: with a troop of Fregellani to reconnoitre the king’s camp, he was purfued by a party of royal horfe in his retreat, and fell from his horfe: by this means he and two other troopers were taken and car- ried to Antiochus, However this is certain, that had a firm peace fybfifted between the Romans and Anti- ochus, and a ftri&t perfonal friendfhip between the Jatter and the two Scipios, he could not have been treated with’ more generofity or refpect than he was, For thefe reafons the deputy on Scipio’s arrival, which he had waited for, went to the conful, and demanded an audience, A COUNCIL of war was called, and his in- ftructions were delivered, * Many embaffies, faid he, * have palied between us to no purpofe. Becaufe for- mer deputies did not fuccede in their negotiations, ] flatcer myfelf I fhall, For the reftitution of Smyr- na, Lampfacus, Alexandria of Troas, and Lyfi- machia in Europe, was then infifted on: my.mafter has already ceded the laft, that ic might not. be pleaded he poffefled any place in Europe, and he 1s ready to deliver up thefe cities that are in Afias and whatever places elfe the Romans would clamé from him; arid Jlaftly he will repay the Romans half the expence of the war? ~ Thefe were the con- ditions he propofed. Then he continued : ¢ Remem- ber, Romuns; the viciffitudes of fortune. Ufe | £ your fuccels with moderation, and do not poh O- [ © thers « Ra RnBook xxxvii, by TITUS LIVIUS. 4r + thers to extremities. Bound your conqueft with CHAP.° « Europe. - ‘Sure it isa field large enough. It is ea-. XXXV- © fier to acquire dominions‘ ‘by piece-meal, than to * preferve them all together. If they had a mind to ¢ take any part of Afia from him, Jet them but pre- © fcribe the: limits, and’ his mafter, for the fake of © peace and amity, would fuffer: his moderation to « be overcome by their covetoufnefs.”» Though the embaffador thought thefe great conceffions on Anti- ochus’s fide, the Romans thought otherwife. « Since © the king, faid they, has drawn the war upon him- © felf, it is: reafonable he fhould defray the whole ex- * pence of it. He ovght not only to evacuate Ionia * and AKolis, but -as all Greece was free, he fhould © in like manner fet all the cities of Afia free. This © he could do no otherwife than by ceding all that * part of Afia on this fide-‘mount Taurus,’ WHEN the embaffador perceived he could ob- CHAP. tain no reafonable terms of the council of war, he XXXVI. had recourfe privately to P. Scipio, according to his inftruétions. He told him in the firft place, that the king ‘would reftore him his fon without ranfom. Then, as he was a ftranger to Scipio’s temper, and the Roman manners, he promifed him a great fum of money, and to. place him on the throne of his matter, if he would difpenfe with the title, on'con- dition he would obtain peace to him. To this Sci-’ pio anfwered, « 1 am lefs furprized that you are un- © acquainted with the charaéter of al} the Romans in * general, and of mine, to whom you are particu- © larly commiffioned, when I perceive, that you do © not underftand the circumftances of the prince from ‘‘whom you come. He ought to have kept Lyfi- © machia to:prevent us from entering Cherfonefus, or © oppofed our-paflage over the Hellefpont, to keep © us out of Afia, if he intended to have afked peace ¢ from us, as: if we had been folicitous about the if- § fye of the war. But now fince he did not obftruct £ our enfring Afia, fince he has not only received a 2 : * bridle’,42 Whe Romany Hrs vor y;;.-Decs 4. CHAP: * bridle.*,,.but, even.a-yoke; what-reaforable. ground. XXXVi.. ¢ has she léft:to, difpute the: terms of peace, or.refufe. tno « abfolytely to fubmit ur power?..oLf the king reftores.my fon, I fhall Igok. on it as the.moft ge- neroys favor:,,I pray. the. Gog, .I may.never | "be. reduced to fo low an ebb. of fortune’as.t0. ftand “in need.of his.royal munificences fure my, will. ..He fhall always find:me gratef flore' my fon, as far as. I can repay.a perfonal. obli-, gation by perfonal returns, In my public capacity, _L neither, will receive or. grant any favor, |All, L can:do at prefent is to. give him. falutary counfel, Return.and tell him, I advife him to avoid. arbats tle, ;and accept of peace: on. any:terms?. “This made no, impreffion.on; the: king ;. fer fince.he faw. terms impofed on him, q-had been already, van- quifhed, he thought the, wort .chance of war, pre~ ot: derable to fo, dithonorable, a peace, Accordingly he : turned all his: ‘projects for peace.at that time-into, a : ous preparations for war. *: ., Lone cH AP. THE confal, having. made ‘the nece ary oe XXXVI. rations. for , profecuting. ‘his, plan of operations, de- —v— camp’d,, and advancing firft to Dardanus?*, and then to Rheteum °, both cities. met him with their, keys. n.thehce, he marched fo.llium, and encamping in the, plain under the walls, went up to the,citadel where, he offered, facrifice to Minerva, the-ctutelary Goddefs of the city. _The-Ilians fhewed.them the grearelt refpeét-both in word and deed, acknowledg- ing the Romans were defcended from them 3: and the Romans were overjoy’d:to, {ee their original country, The: conful. then left this city, and in, fix days,march arrived-at the-head.of:the. river Caycus ¢, ‘.. -King Eur menes endeavored at firft to carry-back. his Beet, from the Hellefpont to winter before Elza, but, not.being able for feveral days to:double cape Lectos. by reafoa “ Scipio .hore' alludes to the fable. £ Vole i, py 5.-note ay, ef the horfe, tecond book of | @ Now Chai, tifing' ‘an, the con- Sriftitles'hetor 1 Milles ‘of ithe Grediér’ Bbivgia; neat 2 Now! Dardane in the leffer Wye Pergamos, apd ‘falling into the gulph fae cppofite to Miryleat, | Now! Pefhian in Troas a ae A One ne ne. 6 of ’Book xxvii, by TITUS LIVIUS, 43 af contti'y winds," he landed, and‘ went’ the nearéft CHEAP! road ‘t6* the Rofiatt ‘citrip with: afew’ foldiers, that XXVIL. tb ee nt ap their ‘ ‘entel Y for wera ae they refolved' to gor it he’ éherity before ‘the wintér'fhé “fatprizé s Wad then encamped inus'was falleit fic gerieroully’ fent deputies thither to reftore’ linn “his fon, Thig prefent not only gave Scipio ‘inward fatisfation, bit‘ his ‘joy-was fo'great, that it gave a turn to his diftemper, “After he had fatiated hitnfelf mM bracitig ‘his fon,’ hé faid to ‘the deputies, tell the . king your mafter, that I thank’ him 3’ at pfefent'l eéah make him no othér return, except advifing him . ‘not to’hazard' a’ battle'till he hears Tam ‘come rback he Roman‘ camp. > In purfudnce of this advice, Antiochus, though™ “infpired ‘witli hopes " of vidtory, by Having 7ood9'foot, and above 14006 horfe, yet , movéd by: the adthoriey of fo great a man, on wh he folely relied in’ ¢afé-he was conquered, Tepaffe river-Phrygius,‘and ‘entamiped by Magne mount Sipylos. And fearing,: if, he i cline fighting, the Rorhans might" affaule him: dug a trench rotind ‘his camp fix cubits deep, and _ twelve broad’: he guarded it on’ the outfide with 4 double row of palifades, and. off the’ infide with 4 rampart and towers at proper diftances, to keep the : enemy from paffing it'with eafe. © T HE conful imagining the king’ was fill at Thy- CHAP. atiras marched without halting to’ “the plain of Hr, xxxvin. cania*. But hearing he had decaniped, he followed aa him clot, and halted within four miles of him on thé other fide of the river Phrygius, Here about 1000 cavalry, moftly Gallo-Greeks, “and fome .Da-' hans, intermixed with archers of other’ nations, pafled © Now Magnify a city of Lydia, -* Bounded by the rivers Hermés on the confines of Phrygia Mojor, ” and Coycus, 7 theAL .-The Romaw: Hisrory:-:.1 cH Py the river precipitately, and attacked the Roman : 2 vanced guards, .who were not.yet. formed,,-and con: f uéntly were put ‘into diforde ; Bat as: ‘the, attack | Continued fame time, and the Roman camp.was; ears | they. were-eafily fapported, ‘ang and overpowered by numbers, but were fo clofely purfued, that, many. of ther Killed on ‘the: banks of the. river before they could pals it. After this both fides remained quiet for, two | days without offering to pafs. But ‘on the third’ the | whole Roman army pafied it together, and encamp: | ed ‘within " 2500. paces of the enemy. While they were bufied in fortifying their‘camp, 3000 of ‘Anti: ochus’s chofen cavalry attacked them with great : Though thé advanced guards were not fo. numerous, and yet nohe of the reft of the army were called from their work, “At fiit they fattained the chargé with. } o 23 but when the a@tion grew warm. they repulied the Syrians, who, left 100 dead on “Spor, and as many prifoners. On the fourth ay both armies ftood under ..arms béfore. their chments, On’ the’ fifth the- Romans marched ia into the middle of, the ‘plain, But, Antio. ove, fo that his Tear Was NOt 100, foot from his liné CHAP... THE conful, _Aeing he declined fighting, called XxxIx. a council of ‘war’ hext day « to deliberate on what t—-v—~ « ‘meafures he fhould take, in cafe he did not give © him an opportunity of fighting. Winter approach. } ed, and they would cither, be obliged to live in tents curing that’fevere feafon, or retire into quar- f _ ters, and. defer the war till fummer” Never did the Romans. contemn an enemy fo much as they did _ thefe Affiatics. "They unanimoofly ‘cried out to lead them on immediately, and attack them while the troops exprefléd fo great an ardor. For, if the ene- my declined fighting, , they were ready to pals the follé, feale the rimpart, and enter the camp, as i they were not to engage fo many thoufand men, but going to butcher an equal. number of aus o ? joml-me eniémy’s camp was “molt: F * *Alaving" yetyrnéd' with certai ‘intelligen a i was ‘refolved to apptoach them ‘nextday. On the, | third they ‘marched ‘itito the plain, and’ begun to. draw. up inorder of batile,’ ‘Antiochus didnot retire, for ‘ fear of difheartening, his! own troops, and augmenting the courage of the enemy, by declining a battle ; but ‘ Jed'on his army to fuch’a"diftance as fhould make it- 5 feem he‘inclined to’ ‘fight: The Roman army was al- : moft uniform, both in refpect of men and arms, _ They confifted of two Roinan legions, and as many : of Latin allies, The number of men in cach amount- ed to 5400, The Romans were in the centre, and the Latines ‘on the wings,’ The haftati were potted in the front, the principes in the fecond line, and the triarii ia the third. Being thus completely marthal- - ed; -he pofted without them on a parallel line on the right wing 3000 of king Eumenes foot intermixed. with Achzan targetiers 3 without them 3000. horfe, : 800-0f which belonged tothe king of Pergamos, and “all the reft were Romians.5 and lalt of all 500 Tralli- ‘ans and’ 500 Cretans, “The left wing did.not feem to wane thefe fapports, becaufe it was Covered by the :fteep bank ‘of the river, However, four fquadrons of horfe were pofted there, This was the whole amount OF the Romans, except 2000 Macedonian and Thra- cian volunteers,’ who were left to guard the camp, They had pofted 16 elephants behind’ the triarii, For befides perceiving that they would. not be able to withftdnd the great multitude the king had, inall 54, they and the African elephants are nota match for the Indian, though equal in number, becaufe they are fuperior to them in fize, ftrength, and courage, oug nations, differing ‘both in arms and men. Heé formed-into-a :phalanx,. ‘They were. potted in the cen- tre, divided into ten feparate-battalions. In each ins terval of thele divifions were’ placed’ two elephants.” { His ANTIOCHUS'’s army wag “compofed of varie CRAP had 16000. foot armed like the Macedonians, -and: nyCHAP, His whole batle,, from front to, rear was 32: rank ~ ‘The Roman; HisTory: Dee..4; 5 the main ftiength ‘of his s they made a terrible, MYy appearance in ;other petts, fo they did by the. elephants appearing. far te the foldiers. Thefeanimals were of a. huge ” fize, belides ‘their. plumed crefts, ‘the towers. of. four floors of ‘foldiers on. their bagks, befide the guide; added greatly t to’ their “‘monftrouis, appearance... On the right of the: phalanx were pofted..1500, Gallo. Grecian horfe, with 3000 horfes barbed: and capari- | foned, and their riders armed) with cuiraffes, braffets, and fteel cuiffés 5 and next them, about r000.cavalry of the king’s houihold, : Jatter were. Medi, all chofen men, and. intermi ith many troopers of different people, under, the’ fame name’. Clofe.to them in thé rear were potted: 16 elephants, At a lit, tle diftance the fame wing was enlarged by the kin owfi cohort, which bore filver fhields, In.the fame line were 12090. Dahans..on “horfeback, armed with bows and arrows. Next them the light armed troops, confifting of 3000 Cretang,an ‘rallians, with,2 400 Myfian ¢ archers, The wing was..clofed : by .4000 Cyrtzan* and Elymzan * flingers, ‘Next. the -pha: Tanx,on the left were, 1500 Gallo- Grecian hiorfe,,- and g Cappadocians * » fent: from: king Ariarathes § and armed in the. fame. manner, with the Next to thefe 2700 auxiliaries of, different nations, | cand then , 3000 Cuiraffiers, on ‘barbed horfes... Next them 1000. of..the houfhald fe, more, Jightly.ac, coutred, but, dreffed in ‘the fame manner. They were moftly Syrians mixed with Phrygians, and-Ly: dians, Before the cavalry were the romedari ‘ @ A country.of ‘Gyater Afia, be~ ' yond the Tigris. It had armenia Major to the welt, ‘Parthia and Hy ~ €anta to the calt, Sufz to the fouth, “* and the Cafpion Sea to the north. : + “"b Several provinces beyond the Ex- «_/pbrates and Tigris, were fubjo& to them, and bore their name, : “2°A province of the Lefer Afa, ©On the confines of: Media and’ Arnesia, near mounts, Zogrys: and 2 ‘Perftas and Tigris.) f Now, as “extending. “from . Mount Taurus to the Euxine Sea, Vt has ‘Galatia to the! weft,” and the ‘Ler Armenia on the cath: The fifth from Pharnaces the firftiking, . + chariotgookexxvil! * by TET US HIVES. “497 hariots “armed: ‘with Now Mangrefia in Caria, sO Ez fof52 CHAP, XLV. ne) The Roman History Dec. 4. © of the immortal Gods, we poffe(s what they: have thought proper to beftow upon us. Our courage, which depends on our own minds, has been the fame in all fortunes: Adverfity has not: been able to deprefs it, nor profperity to elevate «ind: exalt it. I might appeal to Hannibal for the truth of this, if you did not know it by your own experi- ence. As foon as we had croffed the Hellefpont, before we faw the king’s camp, whilft the’ event of war was ftill uncertain, -when you came to treat with us of peace, we infifted, when things were equal on both fides, on the fame conditions, which we fhall now propofe, when you are vanquifhed and we victorious. You fhall quit all pretenfions to Europe, and cede all Afia on this fide of mount Taurus : pay us 15000 talents of Euboea * for the expences of the war,. 500 down, 2500 when the Roman fenate and people hall ratify the treaty, and 1000 annually for twelve years: befide 400 to Eumenes, and the corn that was due to his fa- ther. When thefe conditions are agreed to, that We may have a fure pledge that you will execute them, you fhall give us twenty hoftages, fuch as we fhall chufe, But as we can never be fure of peace where Hannibal is, we, above all, infift upon his being delivered up to us, with Thoas the Aétolian, the author of the AEtolian war, and re lying on whom, you took up arms againft us: With them alfo Mnafilochus the Acarnanian, Philo and Eubulidas, both Chalcidians, The king, by delaying to make peace while he has it in his power, will make it when his fortune is worfe. If he he- * fitates, let him reflect, that. it is more difficult to © reduce a king trom the fummit of power to a mid- * dle fortune, than to precipitate him from that to the * loweft.’, The embatfladors had orders from the king to refufe no ferms, fo it was refolved to fend envoys to Rome, ‘The confi canton’d his troops in winter quarters at Magnefia on the Meander, Trallia and Ephefus. A few days after the king’s hoftages, and . * 2906250, Lib, the ee ae er ad °Book xxxvii, by TITUS LIVIUS, 53 the embaffadors that were to go to Rome, arrived at the latter where the conful was, They were followed by deputies from all the ftates of Afia, DURING thefe tranfactions in Afia, two pto- CHAP, confuls who hoped. for a triumph arrived at Rome XLVL tuch about the fame time, Q. Minucius from Liguria ~~ and M, Acilius from AEtolia. After the fenate had heard the detail of both their exploits, they refufed Minucius a triumph, but with great unanimity granted one to Acilius, and accordingly he triumphed for Antiochus and the A&tolians.. There were carried in the proceffion 230 ftandards, 3000 pound weight of filver in bars, 1.13000 Attic tetradrachma: *, 248000 , ciftophori®, and a vaft quantity of filver vafes: all the filver plate, fine furniture and rich clothes of the _ king of Syria ; 45 crowns of gold, which were pre. . fents made him by the ftates in confederacy with the _ Romans; fpoils of all kinds, 36 prifoners of diftin@ti- | on, either Attolian lords, or Syrian generals. Damo- critus:the AZtolian general had made his efcape a few days before out Be prifon in the night, and being clofely purfued, run himfelf through with his fword on the ‘banks of the Tiber, to avoid being taken, There was no army .to follow in the proceffion, otherwife in all other refpects it was exceding pompous both on account of his exploits and the magnificent fpoils he carried. However the joy occafioned by this fhew. was confiderably damp’d by bad news from : Spain. The pro.conful L, Zmilius had been defeated | by the Lufitanians near Lycon * in the country of the | Vaccetani*, and loft 6000 men. He marched back the reft trembling to their lines, which they defended | with difficulty, and then abandoned, retiring by forced marches into an ally’s country. Such was the | hews from Spain, The praetor Aurunculeius intro- | duced into the fenate deputies from the colonies of © Tewasworth four Atricdrachma, | wasin value about five French ole F sbout forty French fols. € On the welt of Merida near L © So called from being ftampt on Lobon, a city of Eframadura, ene fide with the myfterious chefls _¢ They tooke their name fyom the A Married jn the orgia of Bacchus, and river Vouga ig Portugah E 3 Placentia54 ““'Bhe: RomAN ‘History’ Bi CHAP. Placentia: and Cremona. . They’ complained of the XLVI. want of people, many having: been fwept away by b-—~v-—~ defeats and by difeafes, befide-preat “nambeis!:who, weary of living fonear the Gauls,-had abandoned titdm, Then the: fenate paffed a decree, « that the conful * Leeius, if he thought: proper, fhould levy 6000 « families to be fent to thofe colonies ; and that Au- * runculeius the pretor fhould appoint. three com. © miffioners to lead them thither,” ER ate CHAP, THE three-commiffioners appointed for this pur- xivit. pofe, were M. Atilius Serranus, L, Valerius Flaccus ‘~~ fon of Publius, and L, Valerius Tappus fon of Caius. As the confular elections were drawing on, the conful Leelius foon after returned-from Gaul'to Rome. “He not only levy’d the fupplies ‘for Placentia and Cre- mona, agreeable to the act of :fenate made in his ab- fence, but moved the fenate'to-fend two new colonies into the territory taken-from the Boii,- and the fathers agreed to it, At the fame-time the praetor AEmilius wrote home the accounts of his naval victory at‘Myon- nefus, and that the conful Scipio had invadéd Afia. Supplications were appointed:for one day:on account of the vitory ;.and the-fame for ariother“‘to implore that the Roman army’s firft entering Afia might prove fortunate to the ftate. At-each ‘of thefe fupplications the conful was ordered. to facrifice twenty Jarge cattle, Then the confular eleCtions came on with gréat con- tention. One of the candidates, M. AE milius Lepidus, was ill fpoken ‘of, for leaving -his province Sicily without afking leave fromthe fenate, that le’ might make intereft for the confulate. The othercandidates were M. Fulvius Nobilior, Cn, Manlius Vulfo and M. Valerius Meffala: Fulvius was nominatedalone, be- caufe the reft had ‘nota competent number of fuffiages. The next day Fulvius rejected Lepidus his fuit,, “for Meffala.had dropt his claime, atid-nominated Vulfo to be his.collegue, - Then the prastors were.chofen, the two Q. Pabii, Labeo and PiGtor (the latter, had been inaugurated prieft bf Romulus that year) M..Sempro- nius Tuditanus, Sp; Pofthumius Albinus, LE, Plautivs Hypfeus and L, Bebius Dives, INBook xxxvii. . by TIFUS LIVIUS, 58 I N'the beginning.of the. confulate of M, Fulvius CH:A P, Nobilior ‘and Cn, Manlius Vulfo, -it was. currently XLVI. reported at Rome and:believed: for truth, according x7 yivins to Valerius Aritias, that the’ conful Scipio and A fri-‘Netitiorand carius, -having been invited to-a conference with An- Gives tiochus’ about ranfoming Africanus’s fon, had been fils. ’ feized, and the king had: immediately marched tonpoies attack the Roman army,.and cut it-all to pieces. This had encouraged the AEtolians to refufe fulfilling their engagements, and their chief men were gone into Macedon; Dardanum:and Thrace to hire auxilia- _ ries: and that the pro-praetor of AEtolia, A. Corne- lius, had fent A, Terentius Varro and M. Claudius Lepidus with this news to Rome. To confirm this - groundlefs account, when the Etolian deputies among other queflions were afked by the fenate, how they - came by the intelligence, that the Roman generals ; were taken prifoners and the army cut to pieces by Antiochus, they anfwered, ic had been fent ‘them from their envoys, who were. with the conful. Bur as no other author mentions: this report, I will not take upon me to affirmitas truth, neither did I think - it ought to be paffed over in filence, .as mere fable. THEN the /Etolian embaffadors were intro. CHAP. duced. Though both their caufe and circumftances XLIX. required, that, by confeffing what was either a real . fault or error in their conduét, they fhould have ad- _, dreffed the fenate for pardon..in the manner ‘of, fup- plants ; “yet they begun with an: enumeration of their ) fervices to the Roman ‘people, and talked of their E valor in-the war with Philip in fo high.a ftrain, that | their infolence offended the fathers, Befides. by re-' peating, what had long:lain in oblivion, they révived: in the minds :of the: fenate the remembrance’ of more’ crimes.committed, by their nation. than overbalanced their fervices ; and by this means inftead of raifing that compaffion which they ftood. in -need:of, they created in the fathers an inveterate averfion towards them: - One’ ofthe fenators afked'them, whether they would furrender at difcretion ? and then another, : E4 whether56 . The Roman History... Dec, 4° CHAP. whether they would look on ‘them as friends’ and XLIX. foes, whom the Romans reckoned fuch? To which not returning any anfwer, they were ordered to quit the houfe; Then the whole fenate cry’d out, :« The + Aitolians are yet entirely in the intereft of Antio- € chus, and their fole dependance is on him, : There- © fore let us make war on. thefe declared enemies of © our ftate, let us humble their haughty hearts.’ ‘What increafed the refentment againft them was, that at the very time they were afking peace of the Ro- mans their arms were employ’d againft Dolopia'*and Athamania. With regard.to them the fenate’ pafled the following decree, agreeable to the opinion. of Acilius, who had conquered them and Antiochus: * that they fhould be ordered to leave the city that * very day, and Italy within.a fortnight.’ A, Te- rentius Varro was fent to efcort them on their way, and the fenate exprefly added, « that if any envoys * from AEtolia came to Rome hereafter, without the * permiffion of the Roman commander in that coun- © try, and a Roman deputy along with them, they * fhould be treated as enemies.’ . In this manner were the tolians difmifled, ~ : CHAP. THEN the confuls brought. in:a bill-to the fe- L. nate for the allotment of the provinces, and the fe- ~ nate ordered them to draw lots for Etolia and Afia. He, to whom Afia fhould fall; fhould profecute the war againft Antiochus at the head of the army then commanded by L., Scipio, and:to recruit it fhould have 4000 Roman foot and 200 horfe, with 8000 Latin infantry’ and. 400 cavalry. The other conful “had the army then in ABtolia, and to recruit it had per- miffion to levy the fame number of Romans and/al< lies, The fame conful alfo was ordered to fit out the fhips buile the former year, and.carry them with him ; for he was not to confine the war to: Etolia, but to make a defcent on the ifland Cephallenia *, He was * On the confines of Epirus and rts to the fouth and the enaft af beffaly. . : ipire to the north 2 In the Jonign fea, between Zan “2 Te likewiBook xxxvii, by TETUS LIVIUS. 57. likewife inftructed, if it was not detrimental to the CHAP, public intereft, to return: to Rome to:prefide at the. 1+: elections: for befides the magiftrates annually chofen, “V™ they: refolved to chufe cenfors the enfuing year. If he fhould be neceffarily detained, he.was..to inform, the fenate-that he could not’be prefent at the eleCtions, Fulvius got Etolia and Manlius Afia by lot, ‘Then the-praetors drew lots, Albinus got the jurifdiction. — of the city and foreigners ; Tuditanus, Sicily., Pictor, Sardinia ; Labeo, the fleet; Hypfeeus, Hither Spain, ' and Dives, ‘the Further.. One legion .with the fleet - then’ in: Sicily was allotted for that province, The _ praetor was ordered to impofe a tax of two tenths of. - the corn, one of which he fhould fend to the army in ; Afia,:and the other to that in AEtolia. The fame was decreed with refpeét: to Sardinia. .L. Babius | had. 1000 Roman foot and 50 horfe, with 6000 | Latin infantry and 200 cavalry, to reinforce the army- _ in-his province. Hypfeeus had 1000 Roman foot, | with 2000 Latin foot, and 200 horfe for Hither Spain, | By thefe fupplies, each Spain had one legion apiece. | Of the magiftrates of the former year, Lzlius was . | continued at the head of his army another year; as » Junius was in Hetruria, and Tuccius in Bruttium and Apulia, ' BEFORE the pretors fet out for their provinces, CHAP. | P. Licinius the pontifex maximus. and F. Pidtot 11. pricft of Jupiter had a conteft of the fame nature | with that, which had happened before between L, Me. tellus and Pofthumius Albinus. As the latter, when conful with C, Lutatius, was fetting out for Sicily, Metellus detained him for the celebration of certain facrifices,. In like manner, when Piétor. was now’ going to Sardinia, Licinius ftopt him. The conteft was managed with great warmth. both in the fenate and affemblies of the people, Inhibitions were ferved. on both fides,: fecurities taken, fines impofed, the. aid of the tribunes called, and.appeals made to.the people, “In fine, a regard for religion prevailed, and the prieft was ordered to fubmit to.the pontifex. maximus, q58 CHAP. maximus, and by an.exprefs ordinance of the-people LL CHAP. NOT long after-M. Aurelius Cotta, a meffenger LIL “—v— king Eumenes and the Rhodians arrived at Rome. . The Roman History. Det, 4; the fines Were remitted on. both -fides; Thus:the: prastor was’ deprived. of bis province, and.:would have demicted his magiftracy.; bur the: fathers rige- roufly interpofed their, authority, and appoirited ‘Him’ the jurifdiction over foreigners. . As very few foldiers werei wasted, the levies were:completed in a few days, ard: the: confuls and ‘pretors fet out for..their provinces, “After this a report of. the affairs in Afia was blazed-abroad, but without an author 3 .howéver within a few days certain intelligence with letters from the general-arrived. Thefe difpel’d their. late: fears (for they were no longer afraid’ of AEtolia, which they had already conquered) and fuppreffed-all the: reports about Antiochus, the war witl:whom had beemat, firft reprefented as terrible; both on account of his power- ful armies, and of Hannibal being his direétor in all the fteps he took.-- However they did not think pro- per to countermand the conful’s going into Afia,. or make any alteration with-regard to his army, for fear they fhould have war with:tlie Afiatic Gauls.~ whom L, Scipio had fent with Antiochus’s deputies, Cotta firft imparted what had happened in Afia to the fenate, and then by their-order to the ‘people. Upon this fupplications were’ appointed for three days, and forty large victims to be factificed. King Eumenes had audience firft: He in very few words returned’ his compliments of thanks to the fathers,} for having relieved him and his brother when befieged, and delivered their dominions from the oppreffive: hoftilities of Antiochus : then he congratulated:them on their fuccefs by fea and land, that they had routed, put to flight and ftript the Syrian of his camp, :driv- ing him firft out of Europe, and then out of all Aifia: on this fide mount Taurus, Then he added, as to his own fervices, he chofe rather they fhould: hear them from their own generals and meffengers than: from himfelf. They unanimoufly praifed his modefty, butjookxxxvii. by TITUS LIVIUS, 59. it beg’d him to lay it afide, ‘and’ frankly fay, what CHAP. ecoinpénce ‘he'thought the Roman fenate and people ..L1, hould make him; for they’ were difpofed ‘liberally, nd ‘fagnificently to reward ‘his merit tothe utmott, To: thishe replied : « Had any, - othér#'given me. the’ option of ‘reward, I fhould gladly-have embraced, the ‘opportunity of confult.. tig the’ Roman fenate, and follow’d the ‘advice of + ehis augult aflembly, that’ T might have avoided, plitation of being either immoderate or over sede Le i ‘in'thy defires. ‘Since thén itis you who are “to: beftéw “the reward én mé and my. brother, it, « becomes me to leave it entirely to your generofity.’ This fpeech riade no impreffion on the fathers ; they, ftill:ureed him to fpeak his’ mind without ceremony, After this tural and inexplicable conteft of civility had‘lafted' fomé time: between the courteous fathers and” modeft king,’ with reciprocal ceremony, the latter withdrew.’ “Neither, did this move the fenators., ‘Ttisabfurd, faid they,” to imagine the king igno, ‘ fariv' of what he hopes afd came to afk, He knows “-beft what is moft convenient for his own domini- “ons,” as he is better acquainted with. Afi, ‘than wes “Let “him be called in again, and laid under ‘a fieeeflity- tobe explicit in his defires,” THE praetor introduced him a fecond time, and CHAP. being defiréd to’ fpeak his fentiments, he thus began, LUT. ¢ Ithould'ftill have perfifted in my filence, conicript © fathers, if I did not ‘know, that the Rhodian de- ¢-putiés-ate prefently to be called in, and that when ¢ they ‘have been heard, I‘ thall be under a. neceffity ¢ of fpéaking. I find it more difficult to fpeak now, £ becaufe their demands will feem not only: not pre- judicial to'me, but even’ to have no view to their * owsrintereft. ' They will plead the caufe of all the € ftates of Greece, and endeavour to fhew that’ they oiight all'tobe fet at liberty, It is evident, if “© they- gain‘this point, that they will. not only alienate \¢ from’ us “the: (tates that fhall be fet free, but even \ thofe thar have long: been our ee 6 VINg60 CHAP, LuL ey The Roman-History: Dee. 4. © having. obliged them by fo. great a benefit, they themfelves will, under the name of allies, -hold © them jin real fubjection, And yet, forfooth, in afpiring, to this domination, they will difclame all views to their own intereft, and alledge, that their demands are becoming your dignity and agreeable to your conftant practice. But you will take care not to be impofed upon by their fpeech: Be-not deceived into the injuftice of depreffing too much fome of your allies, and exalting others beyond meafure ; nay even of putting thofe who. have born arms againft you in a better condition than your friends and confederates, For’ my own part, in othér-refpects I fhould gladly chufe to be thought to have yielded fomewhat of my right, rather than to have fhewn too great obftinacy in maintaining it: but where the conteft is about your friendfhip, about affection to you, and honors to be confer’d by you, I cannot patiently bear being out-done, Attachment to you was the beft inheritance my fa- ther bequeathed me. He was the firft fovereign in Greece or Afia that entered into an alliance. with you, and obferved it with conftancy and fidelity to his laft moments. He was not only your faith- ful and fincere friend at heart, but teftify’d- it by aétions, Hie was prefent in all your battles by fea and land, while you war’d in Greece ; he furnifhed you with provifions, fo that none of your allies in any refpect could rival him. At laft, while he was ina pathetic fpeech exhorting the Boeotians to. make an alliance with you, he was feized with an apopleétic fit, and foon after expired. I have tiod in his fteps. Indeed, 1 could not exprefsa greater inclination and zeal to ferve and honor you, for in thefe he could not be outdone: but fortune, the times and the war with the Syrian in Afia, have put it my power to furpafs him in actions, in. me- Titorious and chargeable acts of kindnefs. . Antio- ¢ chus, king of Afia and part of Europe, offered me «his daughter in marriage, immediately to refior 6a a ARR mR AHR RRR AR RRR HR HAHAHA AHR HARRAH HH HOBook xxxvii; by TITUS LIVIUS, 6r all the-cities that had: revolted from me, and Alat- CHAP: tei’d me with the hopes of greatly enlarging my Litt. dominions afterwards, if I would join him in the war againft you. I-will not glory in having done nothing to offend you. Let me rather-lay before youthings that are worthy the friendfhip that has fo-long fubfifted between you and‘our family. 1 aflifted’ your generals with forces both by fea'and. land, and fupply’d them with provifions, in fuch a manner as none of your allies can compare with me. I was prefent in your battles by fea in different places;'‘and fpared: neither labor nor danger. I fuffered’a fiege, the moft dreadful calamity in war 5 I was'fhut up in Pergamos, and run the greateft hazard of lofing both-life and’ dominions; When the- -fiege: was raifed, though Antiochus was: en- camp’d on one fide-of my capital and Seleucus on the'other, ‘I left my own affairs and failed'with my while fleet to affift your: conful Scipio in paffing the Hellefpont, - After your army entered’ Afia;‘T ne- ver left your conful. -:‘-No, Roman foldier was more, affiduoufly employ’d' in the camp, than‘I and my brothers; ‘No expedition was made,’ nor did the cavalry ever engage, without me. I took whatever _ poft‘in battle the conful: was pleafed to affign me, and ‘maintained it with bravery.’ Confcript fathers, I may even afk who has done you equal fervice, with me‘in this war? I dare compare myfelf with any‘of the people or kings, whom you greatly ho- nor, -Mafiniffa:was your enemy before he became . © your ally::‘-he did not affift you when in full pof | © feffion of his dominions but when driven from ¢ his throne, when an exile, and after having loft all | ¢ his arniy, he took refuge in your camp witha fingle | © troop of horfe, Yet becaufe he adhered’ to you * with fidelity and vigor againft Syphax and the * Carthaginians, you: not only reftored him ‘to his | © paternal ‘kingdom, but by adding to itthe moft * wealthy part of Syphax’s dominions, made him the ¢ moft powerful king of all Africa, What reward, * what Wee eae nen nee en nae nlThe Roman History Dec, 4, what honors do we then.deferve from.you, fince ‘we ‘never were your enemies, and: always.-were your allies? My father, J myfelf, my: brothers ‘have fought: in your ‘caufe, :not-only in. Afia,, but ‘far from our own country, in Peoria Beeotia, : in Altolia, againft Philip, Antiochus, -and ‘the Etolians. But you afk me, what. it, is:I.re- queft? Since, in obedience to you, confcript fa- thers, I muft, fpeak,. let. me obferve, that if. you have confined the Syrian within mount Taurus, in the view of keeping for yourfelves the country from which you have driven: him, there is no nation whofe neighborhood I fhould defire more, or think a greater bulwark and {ecurity to my kingdom. “But “if you intend to relinquifh that country, and withdraw your armies from it, 1 may venture to fay, that none of your allies is more worthy to- pof- fels. what conquelt gives you a right to difpofe of, than myfelf.. But it is.a, glorious action to free ci- ties from, flavery, I grant jit. is fo, if they have comritted-no hoftilities againft. you... But if they fided with Antiochus, how much, more;:becoming your prudence and equity is it to. confult the. intereft of déferving allies, rather than ‘of your. enemies?” CHAP, THE fathers were charmed with the king’s fpeechs Liv. and it was very vifible that they would-reward him “v—™ amply, As fome of the Rhodians were pot’ in the way, audience was given to-a brief meflage from the people of Smyrna, They had the thanks; of. the houfe, for having chofe to fuffer the laft: extremities, rather than furrender to the Syrian, Then the Rho- dians were introduced, Their:chief; began with men- tioning the firft occafion of their friendfhip.with the Roman people, and the fervices they had done them in their wars with Philip and Antiochus, Then he added, * In our prefent bufinefs, confcript: fathers, © nothing gives us greater concern,.or embarraffes us © more, than that we are to enter into a conteft with « Eumenes, the only prince to whom we are united © by the facted ties of hofpitality, not only. each of | I © us ‘6 . An ARH HN HAR OMBook‘kxxvii, .by TITUS LIVIUS, 63 ‘us; a8-private perfons;; but, which: has the greater CHAP- weight with us;asa flat. Illuftrious fathers, ic isnot LIV. fo.much want.of affection; as the-nature.of things, ““¥Y vhich-is unalterably’ prevalent, that “accafions ‘the difference: between. us. -We ate;republicans, and therefore plead; for the liberty: of. “other ftates’s kings defire to‘hold.every thing. in-fervile. obedience and fabjeCtion to-their government. However fuch is the cafe, that, our refpect for the-king embarrafles us more, than our caufé is difficult: for.us to main- tain, or you to determine, ..For..if.:yquicould net honor:and reward this prince,. your friend and ally, and who. deferves fo. well of you;-eyen for his fer- ‘Nices in the prefent war,: except by-fubjecting free ftates.to. his domination. the matter:might admit of;;doubt and: deliberation, -whethen:jyou fhould fuffet..him'-to. go without a rewardy;.or depart from" your own inftitution, and tarnifi the glory you. acquired in the Macedonian; war, by:enflaving fo. many free ftates.: ‘But fortuneshas;taken care not to, reduce you to the-neceflity of impairing. either your credit withyyour friends, or your glory. - By the bounty of the Gods’ your victory is-as rich: as it is glorious ; and, fo: to. fpeak, fufficiensly enables you'to difcharge your debts; of. every:kind. You are in poffeffion: of “Lycaonia, the two Phrygias, all Piftdia, Cherfonefus, and adjacent cities in Eu- rope. Any. one of thefe will be a vaft acceffion to Eumenes’s dominions ; all of them will equal him to the greateft kings. Thus you have. it in your power: fufficiently to reward and enrich your allies, without deviating from your firft defign. Remem- ber what title you pretended firft.in:the war againft Philip, and lately againft Antiochus; that you did after you vanquifhed. Philip, that is now afk- ed. and expected of -you, not -becaufe.you fet: the precedent, but’ becaufe. it is becoming your: digni- ty:to:do fo... The: motives-of war.are very diffe- rent in.different-perfons, fome honorable and juft, andi others {pecious;:’ Others enter into. it, either hoy : ‘to SoA wlan RR RR RR RR NR HR RR RR64 The !Roman ‘History. .. Dec. 4, CHAP, *'to.become mafters of larids, villages, towns,: ports, Liv. or maritime coafts, You" coveted neither before you had them, and cannot now when you are fo- vereigns of thé univerfe. - You have war'd for dig. nity and ‘glory in fight of all the world; which has long regarded your name and empire as much as that -of. the Gods, 1 ‘know not whether thofe things which are purchafed and acquired with great | difficulty, do not require as much to maintain them, You undertook to free from regal flavery an anci- entand illuftrious nation, diftinguifiied for -+her ex- ploits, and praifed for her cultivation of the liberal arts and fciences. As you once received this whole people under your protection, it becomes your dig- nity to defend:them for ever. Thefe are‘not Greek cities, which ftand on the ancient foil of Greece, more than her colonies, which were formerly tranf- planted thence into Afia. The change of climate has made no alteration in their genius or manners, We, who’ have been fettléed in Afia, dare’ with du- tiful regard pretend to rival thofe from whom: we are originally defcended in every liberal. are'-and commendable virtue. Many of you have vifited Greece, and likewife the Afiatic ftates. ‘We yield to the former in nothing elfe but remotenefs from you. The people of Marfeilles, being furrounded by fo many barbarous nations, had by this’ tinte become. quite favage, if a climate could.-have changed a-national temper and genius; and yet we hear they are held in as honorable ‘eftimation by you on-account of their merit, as: if they: lived in the heart of Greece, They not only retain the language, habit and appearance of their original country, but above all their manners, laws and ge nius pure and untainted with the contagion:of . their neighbors, Well, mount Taurus is now the- limit of-your empire; nothing then.that lyes within that ‘-barrier ought to be looked on as rernote from you. * Your jurifdi€tion extends..to: every placeto which ‘ your arms have penetrated. Let barbarians; to a a s whom aA RAR RHR RR RRR RRR RRR HAR HR AA KRM HAHA MARR HHHBook xxxvii. by TITUS LIVIUS.. _ , 6s’. whit after’s will has always been a,law, have CHAP; whom they delight... The Greeks have. -bVe-" he fame fortune, but itil the fame fpirit. For- ° ‘they ‘extended their empire by their own. now they pray that univerlal empire may we for ever with them. who now enjoy. it,- © and, fince they cannot defend liberty with their * own arms, are content you.do it by yours, It may ©“indeed: be faid that feveral of. thofe {tates declared « for “Antiochus,- Did not fome before: join Philip ? © did not the Tafentines declare for Pyrrhus? Bur, © not to mention other nations, is not Carthage free ‘in the enjoyment ‘of her own laws? Confider, * confcript fathers, the precedent you have fet to ou! “Have refolution to refufe to Eumenes’s botindlefs ‘ambition, what you denied to your own © juft revenge: “We leave to, yourfelves to forma * judgment of ‘the merit of our hearty and faithful ¢ fervices, both in the prefent and other wars you car- * ried of on that coaft, In. peace we offer you an ¢ advice, which if you purfue, the whole world will "© think the ufe you make of your victory more glo- © rious than the victory itfelf-” THIS fpeech feemed fuitable to the Roman mage CHAP. nanimity. After the Rhodians had been heard, the LY: fenate gave audience to the Syrian embaffadors, They, like fuppliants begging pardon, confeffed the king’s error, and conjured the confcript fathers, * to * have more regard to their own clemency than ta « the king’s fault, which had been feverely. punifh- ' © eds ahd to ratify the articles which L, Scipio had | § granted him.’ ‘The fenate approved. the peace, ' a did the people a few days after. It Was folemnly concluded in the capitol with Antipater, chief of the émbaffy, and nephew to Antiochus, ‘Then the peti- tions ‘of other ftates of Afia were heard. They were anfwered in general, « That the fenate, agreeable. to the practice of their anceftors, would fend ten ©commiffioners to hear and accommodate all dif- putes in Afia, But the principal article of all fhould 7 Vou, ; : EF : be,she. Roman,. Tesrore © be, et all the dominions, . Me ‘Fa (UF they. ‘wert to Euinenes all Lyéao © fia,’ the’ Kihg’s: foreitis, “the ‘ nia, ‘¢ except thofe that! had Been fre ™ « with ies ‘fort, “except "ahat at partof Pha © jet to Prolemy: To the R é “Telsnifits, it’s fort; cent to“Rhodes beyoiid ‘the Meandet, ue afte: cee territories “'chos' in “Aa fenate: for thefe® ‘dena og PSO, inCil ‘bothBogkaxxvily chy BHT US: DEVAS. ty £ ee Of; this.relations thee sas glways fubfifted "a CHAR. ding of brotherly affechiog between us; Wendt this vit enrnerdigars lane cwA she-fole , viewok, fresing ae . After this the fenate by. decree appoint, ed fupplications for Amilius’s victory in’ Spain. Not long after L, Scipio arrived. - That -he' might have as honorable a furname as his. brother, he af- fumed that of. Afiaticus, He. gave an ample-detail of his exploits, both in the fenate and affembly of the people. Some obferved, that the war appeared great- er by report,: than difficult in the management. One memorable battle had put an end to it, and the glo- ry of his victory was owing to that gained before at Thermopylae, But thofe who made a true eftimation of the matter, .confidered that ic was rather the ZEto- lians. than ‘Antiochus, that. had been conquered at Thermopyle, ¢ What number of troops, atked © they, bad theSyrian there? He had muttered his © whole::force in Afia, having drawn together auxi- $ liaries.of:.all. nations from the utmoft limits of the © eaft? oc _ : wa tees IN confequence they had the greateft_reafon, to re- CHAP. turn the’ higheft, praifes to ‘the’immortal Gods, for tix. having ‘granted -them fo.complete.a, vitory with fo ~~ vu Geggook 1452 5. BF aa6 rh ge bang al F 3 Title29, oThe/Roman istory. «Deer. CHAP. litle diffichlty,.ahd:to. decréé'a:triumph to the genes Lix. ‘ral, He triumphed on the Jaft day of February. The : proceffion was much there magnificént than: that of : Africanis’;-butwhén..one corifiders the. exploits .om > which. it was foundeds: theidanger and-natureé.of the. ‘war was.no, more comparable.to.it, than he invabili- ties as a; géheral-to.hig bfother, ot Aritidchus:to Han- nibal., There were carried 234 fthridards,- 13 4:plans of cities, 1220, elephants. téeth; 224: gold: crowns, 137420 pound weight: of:filvet; -22400d Attic te- tradrachmes °j .33 r7oo ciftophiori*, 140000-gold phi+ lippus’s #-6f: filvet plate 1424 pound weight, ahd of gold;t624: »; Befote his chariot were led 92-ptins cipal lordsiefi:the. Syria: court;:. Evéry: foldier had 25 deriarijj.evéry. centurion double, and every knight triple. ‘After, the’ triumph the .foldiers had double pay, and; double: fubfiftence cori..;He had-already: given .them double in -Atfia:after the battle: \ His tri- umph::was:alsioft’a year after the expiration -of. his contulates; + Jotionl ie ws ei te? CHAP. -. ABQ: the fame: time the confulManlibs aré Lxl rived; in-Affiayi arid the prator Labeo at the fleet, ~ The conful had fufficierit’employment againft the Ga+ latians...; “Eh@e was na- enemy at: fea fince‘the: defeat of Antiochus;:,.Labeo theréfote ftudied how to: em= ploy himfelf,-that he might not. be deemed inaétive in his-province, :At-laft he thought’ his belt -courfe would: bé to. pafs over-to Crete, = The people.of Cy= don?.niade.. war on thofe.of Gortyna > and Cnoffus and it was:téported that-ithere- were -many.Romans and Italians-flayes. on: :the:ifland.. - He: fet fail from Ephefus,.and as: foori:-as he landed in Crete; fént meflengers round 10 all the cities.ordéring them 'to lay down theircarms, bring him.-all the prifinets-they had in theis towns. or farms, and.fend: deputies to him to deliberate on what related to their mutual intevefts; Bada or ee aa sed 6 tae eed 65831, 6 8B. he iMlang,

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