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doi:10.1093/ejo/cjl027
Advance Access publication 21 August 2006
The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society.
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Introduction
There are little available epidemiological data on dental and
oral hygiene status in middle and Eastern European
adolescent populations. The only significant exception is
the longitudinal study by Legovic et al. (1998).
Yasuda et al. (1990) reported on malocclusion and caries
prevalence in 6665 high-school Japanese girls and found
it to range between 54.1 and 56.6 per cent, depending on
age. Burgersdijk et al. (1991) studied the prevalence of
malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in adolescents
and adults in The Netherlands and found crowding in the
incisor region in 15 per cent, an Angle Class II malocclusion
in 28 per cent, and an open bite greater than 5 mm in 23 per
cent of their sample. Stecksen-Blicks and Holm (1995), in a
cross-sectional study, examined caries status, accidental
injuries, and prevalence of orthodontic anomalies, between
1967 and 1992 in Sweden. They found that the prevalence
of a unilateral crossbite decreased slightly (from 18 to 16
per cent), while that of an open bite increased (from 35 to 41
per cent) during the 25-year observation period. Helm and
Petersen (1989), who examined 176 adolescents aged
1319 years and re-examined them after 20 years in order
to detect any relationship between malocclusion and
caries, found no relationship between malocclusion traits
and caries prevalence. Nganga (1991) identified a
malocclusion, and particularly crowding, in 47 per cent of
250 African children aged 1315 years. According to the
epidemiologic studies of the World Health Organisation
(WHO) carried out in Hungary, the prevalence of
malocclusion traits in 12-year olds was 40.8 per cent in
1985 and 41.3 per cent in 1991 (Czukor, 1994).
468
K. GBRIS ET AL.
No
Yes
One segment
Two segments
Spacing
414
69
34
35
85.7
14.3
7.0
7.2
401
82
64
18
83.0
17.0
13.3
3.7
Discussion
While a number of researchers have studied malocclusion
in patients of different ages, the WHO questionnaire has not
been applied in all cases (Burgersdijk et al., 1991; Pietil
et al., 1997; Tod and Taverne, 1997; Tschill et al., 1997;
Dacosta, 1999). Thus, direct comparison with the current
findings cannot be made. A malocclusion was observed in
70.4 per cent of subjects in the current investigation. This is
higher than the figures reported by Yasuda et al. (1990) and
Nganga (1991). However, the difference may be explained
by the use of a more detailed questionnaire in the present
survey.
Alexander et al. (1997) examined 817 children aged 717
years and found associations between the prevalence of
malocclusion, gingival bleeding, and calculus. The present
results are similar, in as much as they reveal significant
associations between crowding and the VPI.
Number
Frequency %
Minimum (mm)
Maximum (mm)
Mean (mm)
Diastema
Largest anterior maxillary irregularity
Largest anterior mandibular irregularity
Anterior maxillary overjet
Anterior mandibular overjet
38
274
202
294
9
7.8
56.7
41.8
60.8
1.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
20.0
6.0
11.0
9.0
1.55
2.22
1.99
3.38
3.0
469
PREVALENCE OF MALOCCLUSION
No
Yes
Anterior
Unilateral
Bilateral
Single tooth
Crossbite
Deep bite
431
52
43
5
4
0
89.2
10.8
8.9
1.0
0.8
0
427
56
5
38
0
13
88.4
11.6
1.0
7.9
0.0
2.7
357
126
73.9
26.1
DMFT
Mean
Yes
No
8.0
6.06
P
SD
5.08
4.74
<0.05
DMFS
Mean
SD
11.59
8.44
8.48
7.65
<0.05
470
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