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Impulse Train
Box Function
Sinc Function
Sampling Theorem
Time Domain
Frequency Domain
...with Band-limited Spectrum
Original Signal...
freq, f
time, t
Impulsive Sampling
Time Domain
Frequency Domain
Impulsive Sampling
Uniform Replication
time, t
freq, f
Non-Impulsive Sampling
Time Domain
Frequency Domain
Non-Impulsive Sampling
Non-Uniform Replication
freq, f
time, t
Sample-and-Hold
Time Domain
Frequency Domain
Sample-and-Hold
Sinc-Conforming Replication
time, t
freq, f
Frequency Domain
Non-Impulsive Sampling
time, t
freq, f
3.5
x 10
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Aliasing
05
0.5
10% aliasing
100% aliasing
0
-3
-2
-1
0
Hz
3
4
x 10
10
Quantization
Quantization Noise
12
Quantization Noise
Quantization Levels
8-bit quantization (SNR of 48 dB)
6-bit quantization (SNR of 36 dB)
4-bit quantization (SNR of 24 dB)
3-bit quantization (SNR of 18 dB)
2-bit qquantization ((SNR of 12 dB))
1-bit quantization (SNR of 6 dB)
13
14
Companding a Signal
Vout
t
Vin
15
Non-Uniform Quantization
Alternative to companding
Requires Lloyd-Max algorithm
Iterative procedure for
f choosing optimal levels
Could use results to design optimal compander as
well
16
Vector Quantization
Quantize 2 or more samples simultaneously
Only way to approach Shannon Rate Distortion limit
Vsample 2
Vsample 2
Vsample 1
Conventional Scheme
Vsample 1
Vector Quantization
17