1/20/2015

Lecture03,WednesdayofWeek2
today:finishChapter13
FridayinRecitation:
Quiz2,
diagnostictestbringyourlabtop/tablet

Laboratory:ExploringPolymers(continued)
FirstExam:
Wednesdayevening,Feb.11,6:45 7:45pm

putawayalldistractions
setyourclickertoChannel17or27

MCassignments
pastdueassignments:
ECIntroduction
ECReview
LT03:Lecture3Tutorial

availableassignments:
HWCh13:
LT04
LT05

due1/24atmidnight
due1/26at1pm
due1/28at1pm

upcomingassignments:
LT06
LT07
HWCh15

due2/2at1pm
due2/4at1pm
due2/7atmidnight

Review
Solubilityasafunctionof
temperature
pressure(especiallyforgasses)
HenrysLaw

likedissolveslike
saturatedsolutionsanddynamicequilibrium
concentrationunits
molefraction,molarityandmolality
percentbymass,ppm,andppb
howtoconvertbetweenunits

SItimesforCHEM178

Sundays,4:10pm@Pearson1105 Prina
Mondays,5:10pm@Sweeney1116 Lindsey
Tuesdays,2:40pm@Sweeney1116 Lindsey
Tuesdays,5:10pm@Carver0068 Elizabeth
Tuesdays,6:10pm@Pearson1105 Prina
Wednesdays,5:10pm@Pearson1105 Prina
Wednesdays,6:10pm@Carver0068 Elizabeth
Thursdays,1:10pm@Sweeney1116 Lindsey
Thursdays,7:10pm@Carver0068 Elizabeth

RecitationThisFriday(Jan.23):
BringalaptoportabletwithWiFi
capabilitiestoclass
therewillbeanonlinediagnosticreviewtest
atthebeginningofclass
youwillgetparticipationpoints
ifyoudonthavealaptop/tablet,youcantake
thetestonpaper
thisispartofagraduatestudentstudy

ChangingMolaritytoMolality
molarity:mol/L,amountpervolumesolution
molality:mol/kg,amountpermasssolvent
needtoconvertvolumeofsolutiontomassof
solvent
strategy:
densityofsolu on:volumemasssolu on
molarmasssolutemasssolute
masssolu onmasssolvent

1/20/2015

13.5ColligativeProperties
Somepropertiesofsolventschangewhensolutesare
added:

VaporPressure
Meltingpoint
Boilingpoint
Osmoticpressure

decreases
decreases
increases
changes

Thechangesdependonthenumberofsolute
particles
Usefulfor

usingknowledgeaboutelectrolytes:
1.0M solutionofanelectrolyte:
ioniccompoundMnYm dissociates
inton cationsandm anions
n+m molparticles insolution

1.0M solutionofanonelectrolyte:
molecularsolute
1mol particles insolution

determiningmolarmasses
technicalandmedicalapplications

vaporpressureofasolution
Raoults Lawforidealsolutions:
nonvolatilesoluteinvolatilesolvent
Psolution =Xsolvent Psolvent
X isthemolefraction
idealmixtureoftwovolatilecomponents:
PA =XA PA
PB =XB PB
Ptot =PA +PB

BoilingPointElevation
proportionaltothemolalitym ofthesolution(amountofsolute):
Tb =Kb m
Tb =Tb(solution) Tb(solvent)
positivequantity
Kb =molal boilingpointelevationconstant
apropertyofthesolvent.

FreezingPointDepression
proportionaltothemolality ofthesolution(amountofsolute):

Tf =Kf m
Tf =Tf(solvent) Tf(solution)
positivequantity
Kf =molal freezingpointdepressionconstant
-

apropertyofthesolvent.

UsingPhasediagramstosee
BoilingPointElevation andFreezingPointDepression

blacklines:puresolvent
bluelines:solution
normalboilingpointat
1atm (horizontalline)
normalmeltingpointat
1atm (horizontalline)

1/20/2015

Realsolutions:
vant Hofffactor

vant HoffFactor
adjustedequations:
Tb =Kb m i
Tf =Kf m i
reassociationismorelikelyathigherconcentration.
the numberoffreeparticlespresentisconcentrationdependent.

Comparefreezingpoint
depressionof
1 m solutionofNaCl
1 m solutionofglucose
effectisnot exactlydouble.

somesolvatedNa+ andCl ions

willreassociateforashort
periodoftime,
vant Hofffactor,i:numberof
freeparticlesperformula
unitofsolute

molarmassesfromfreezingpoint
depression
1.0gofanunknownorganic(nonelectrolyte)
10.0gofnaphtalene
m.p.80.26C

Kf =7.45C/m

measuredmeltingpoint:T=76.17C
whatisMMoftheunknown?

morePractice
A) Calculatetheboilingpointsofthefollowingsolutions.
a)0.10m NaCl b)0.10m K2SO4 and
c)0.10m ofsucrose.
B) Whichoneofthefollowingwillhavelowestfreezingpoint?Usethe
limitingvalueofi.
OH
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

0.40m KCl
0.20m CaCl2
0.30m ethyleneglycol
0.10K3PO4
0.40m Na2SO4

Practice
A) Calculatethevaporpressureofwateraboveasolution
preparedbyadding55.5gofglucose(C6H12O6)to400.0gof
waterat338K.Vaporpressureofwaterat338Kis187.5torr.
(MolarmassofC6H12O6 =180g/mol)
B) Calculatethemassofpropyleneglycol(C3H8O2)thatmustbe
addedto0.450kgofwatertoreducethevaporpressureby
3.88torr at338K.
C) Whichoneofthefollowingsolutionwillhavethelowestvapor
pressure?
1)0.1mNaCl
2)0.1mCaCl2
3)0.45mmethanol
4)0.2mNa2SO4

WhatsAhead:
Studyonyourown:
p.536Osmosis
p.541Colloids(nanochemistry)

OH
Ethylene glycol

C) Automobileantifreezecontainsethyleneglycol,CH2(OH)CH2(OH)(a
nonelectrolyte)dissolvedinwater.Calculatethefreezingpointand
theboilingpointof35mass%solutionofethyleneglycolinwater.
Molarmassofethyleneglycol=62.0g/mol)

Nextlecture(MondayJan.26)
startsChapter15:ChemicalEquilibrium