5

ABSTRACT
In India more than 35% of construction project are facing the problem of time over
run ranging from 1 to 195 months. Time and cost overruns are a result of delays in project
execution. Some of the reasons advanced for these delays and subsequent overruns in time
are inclement weather, shortage in labour and material supply, sub-contractors, changes after
contract execution has commenced, poor site management and government policies. The
delay in a project is also due to the poorly drafted contract clauses. Identification of the
contract clauses that affect the schedule of the construction project was which taken up by
CPWD has been carried out in this study.
The preliminary questionnaires were supplied to the Contractors and Engineers who
have undertaken the works in Trivandrum. Similarly the main questionnaires were supplied
to the Contractors and Engineers. Based upon the answer obtained from 30 persons towards
contract clauses were analyzed. From the analysis it was found that 16 clauses affecting the
schedule performance of a project. The result of the analysis could help the professional in
focusing on the few clauses that affect the schedule frequently so that schedule over runs and
possibly cost over runs could be avoided in future.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO

TITLE
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES

PAGE NO.
V
viii

LIST OF FIGURES

ix

NOTATION

ix

INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
1.2 NEED FOR STUDY
1.3 AIM
1.4 OBJECTIVE
1.5 DEFINITIONS
1.6 CPWD CONTRACT

1
1
2
3
3
3
4

CLAUSES
1.7 GENERAL

CONTRACT CLAUSES
1.8 CONCEPT OF

19

CLAUSES AFFECTING
SCHEDULE

2
3
4

1.9 CONTRACTUAL

20

PROBLEMS
REVIEW OF

25

LITERATURE
METHODOLOGY
DATA COLLECTION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 QUESTIONNAIRE

34
38
38
38

SURVEY

4.3 CPWD FORM OF

44

CONTRACT
SUMMARY AND

56

CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

58

APPENDICES
A CPWD PRELIMINARY
QUESTIONNAIRE
B CPWD MAIN
QUESTIONNAIRE

61
62
72

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO
4.3.2

TITLE
Mean,

PAGE NO

standard

deviation, t-value and

ranking

of

CPWD

44

4.3.3.1

contract clauses
Mean
score

and

51

ranking of the impact

of

various

affecting

schedule

clauses

on

the Profitability of the

4.3.3.2

project CPWD
Mean
score

and

53

ranking of the impact

of schedule affecting
clauses

on

the

frequency

of

them

affecting the Schedule

A.1

CPWD
CPWD

B.1

questionnaire
CPWD main

preliminary

63
74

questionnaire

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO

TITLE

PAGE

3.1.a
4.2.1.1(a)

Methodology
Pie chart for the contractors and

35
40

employers respondants
4.2.1.1(b)

Respondent profile Experience Wise

40

CPWD Preliminary
4.2.1.2 (i)

Respondent profile Experience wise

43

Profitability CPWD
4.2.1.2 (ii)

Respondent profile Experience wise

Frequency of clauses affecting schedule
CPWD

NOTATION
CPWD- Central Public Work Department

43