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Data Sufficiency
Introduction
To answer Data Sufficiency question, we do not actually have to calculate the values. We only have to
determine whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for finding the answer.
There are various variations in Data Sufficiency problems
Options may be jumbled.
One or two options may be of new type, while remaining are same.
There may be three or four statements following a question.
l
l
l
Answer is (a)
Yes
Is it sufficient?
No
Answer is (b)
Is it sufficient ?
No
Answer is (c)
Yes
Illustration 1 A train cross another train running in the opposite direction in x second.
What is the speed of the train?
I. Both the trains have the same length and are running at the same speed.
II. One train crosses a pole in 5 s.
Solution. (d) When the trains are running in opposite direction, time taken to cross each other
=
L 1+ L 2
S1 + S 2
Where,
L 1 = Length of I train
S1 = Speed of I train
L 2 = Length of II train
S 2 = Speed of II train
I. L 1 = L 2 = L (let)
S1 = S 2 = S (let)
2L
L
2S =
S =
x
x
L
5
We cant find the value of S even with the help of both statements.
II. S =
Illustration 2 50% of the people in a Steeltown have blue eyes and blond hair. What per
cent of the people in Steeltown have blue eyes but do not have blond hair?
I. 70% of the people in Steeltown have blond hair.
II. 60% of the people in Steeltown have blue eyes.
Solution. (b)
A
II. A + B = 60%
Illustration 3 What is the area of 1 m wide pathway constructed around all the sides of
a rectangular field?
I. Area of the field and the path together is 187 sq cm.
II. Breadth and the length of the field are in the ratio of 3 : 5 respectively.
Solution. (c)
b
a
1
I. (a + 2) (b + 2) = 187
II.
b 3
=
a 5
Illustration 4 What was the total compound interest on a sum after three years?
I. The interest after one year was ` 100 and the sum was ` 1000.
II. The difference between simple and compound interests on a sum at the end of two years
was ` 10.
Solution. (a)
r
100
Direction The following question is accompanied by three statements I, II and III. You
have to determine which statement(s) is/are sufficient/necessary to answer the question.
Read the statements and give the answer.
Solution. (d) Amount invested by R is not given. Therefore, question cannot be answered even
with the help of all I, II and III.
Direction The following question is accompanied by three statements I, II and III. You
have to determine which statement(s) is/are sufficient/necessary to answer the question.
Read the statements and give the answer.
Solution. (a)
1
I. Work done by A in one day = th part of whole work.
8
5
II. Work done by A in 5 days = th part of the whole work.
8
Direction The following question is accompanied by three statements I, II and III. You
have to determine which statement(s) is/are sufficiently necessary to answer the question.
Read the statements and give the answer.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Obviously, question can be solved by using I and either II or III because equations (ii) and (iii) are
same.
Direction The following question is accompanied by three statements I, II and III. You
have to determine which statement(s) is/are sufficiently necessary to answer the question.
Read the statements and give the answer.
Directions (9 to 25) Each of the questions below consists of a question and two
statements numbered I and II given below it. You have to decide whether the data provided
in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Read both the statements and give
the answer.
(a) If the data in statement I alone are sufficient to answer the question, while the data in
statement II alone are not sufficient to answer the question
(b) If the data in statement II alone are sufficient to answer the question, while the date in
statement I alone are not sufficient to answer the question
(c) If the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question
(d) Both the statements together are not sufficient
Illustration 9 The sum of cubes of three consecutive odd numbers is what per cent of the
sum of the squares of the same numbers?
I. The average of those numbers is 21.
Solution. (c) Let the speed of boat = vb km/h and the speed of stream = vs km/h
I. vb - vs = 48 /6 vb - vs = 8
II. vb + vs = 48 /4 vb + vs = 12
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we can determine the value of vb.
Hence, both the statements together are necessary to answer the question.
(i)
(ii)
P
D
I. P = 90
II. AB = CD
Solution. (d)
I. P = 90
II. AB = CD
Since, we have no idea about other angles and lengths of sides AD and BC. Therefore, nothing can
be said about ABCD. Hence both the statements together are not sufficient to answer the question.
1
1
4 = m
16
4
1
th of the
16
=
26
13
Hence, present age of mother (x) can be determined by using statement II alone.
Solution.
Illustration 16 Navni is three times as efficient as Avantika. In how many days can
Avantika alone do the whole work?
I. Both of them together can complete the work in 15 days.
1
II. Navni takes rd time than Avantika to finish the work.
3
Illustration 17 There are 450 boxes to load on a truck. A and B working independently
but at the same time take 30 min to load the truck. How long should it take B working by
himself to load the truck?
I. A and C can load 400 boxes in 20 min.
II. A would take 45 min by himself.
100
Illustration 19 Sanju works for 3 days and leaves the job. In how many days, will
Sanju alone finish the entire work?
I. Swamitra finishes the remaining work in 12 days.
II. Sanju and Swamitra together can finish the work in 6 days.
Solution. (a) We know that area of the square inscribed in the circle = 2 r 2, where r is the radius
of circle.
I. 2 r 2 = 98
r can be determined.
Area of circle can be determined.
II. Perimeter of square is not given.
Hence, area of circle cannot be determined.
M 3
=
F 2
50 3
II. M = F 1 +
= F
100 2
(i)
10
M 3
=
F 2
(ii)
Illustration 22 What will be the cost of painting the four walls and the roof of a room
with length, width and height as 7 m, 5 m and 2.5 m respectively. The room has one door
and two windows?
I. Cost of painting per square metre is ` 72.
II. Area of window is half of the area of the door.
Solution. (d) Since the dimension of the window and door is not given, therefore, question cant
be solved by using both statements together.
Solution. (d)
I. A + B is odd Either A is odd and B is even or A is even and B is odd.
II. C + B is odd Either C is odd and B is even or C is even and B is odd.
Hence, question cant be answered even with the help of two statements. Therefore, both statements
together are not sufficient to answer the question.
Illustration 24 The towns A, B and C lie on a straight line. C is between A and B. The
distance from A to B is 100 mile. How far is it from A to C ?
I. The distance from A to B is 25% more than the distance from C to B.
II. The distance from A to C is less than the distance from C to B.
I. AB = CB 1 +
100
5
100 = CB CB = 80 mile
4
II. CB is not given.
Hence, AC cannot be determined.
Illustration 25 Plane X flies at r mile per hour from A to B. Plane Y flies at q mile per
hour from B to A. Both planes take off at the same time. Which plane flies at a faster rate?
Town C is between A and B.
I. C is closer to A than it is to B.
II. Plane X flies over C before plane Y.
Solution. (d) Since we have no exact idea about distance between A to C and B to C.
Therefore, question cant be answered even with the help of both statements together.
Directions (26 to 29) The following questions are accompanied by three statements I,
II and III. You have to determine which statement(s) is/are sufficient/necessary to answer
the question. Read the statements and give the answer.
11
Solution. (b)
1
I. One days work of 10 men = th part of whole work.
6
7
II. One days work of 10 men and 10 women = th part of the whole work.
24
3
III. Let whole work done by 10 men in x days Work done by 10 men in 3 days = th part of the whole
x
work.
3
x -3
Remaining work = 1 -
x
x
x -3
\ In 4 days, work done by 10 women =
x
x -3
\ In 1 day, work done by 10 women =
4x
Hence, any two statements are sufficient to answer the question.
Solution. (d) Here, we have no idea of employees in different categories. Therefore, question
cant be solved even using all the statements together.
Solution. (d) Let monthly salary of Pravin = ` P and monthly salary of Aman = ` A.
I. P = A + 1200
II.
A 5
= , where V is monthly salary of Vimal.
V 3
III. A = V + 1000
Hence, all statements are necessary to answer the question.
Practice Exercises
A. Model Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1 to 87) Each of the questions
below consists of a question and two statements numbered
I and II given below it. You have to decide whether the
data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer
the question. Read both the statements and give the
answer.
(a) Statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II alone is
not sufficient
(b) Statement II alone is sufficient, but statement I alone is
not sufficient
(c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither
statement alone is sufficient
(d) Statements I and II together are not sufficient.
1. Out of the four teams A, B, C and D which team is not
likely to win as per the opinion poll ?
I. As per the opinion poll, chances of team Cs winning
are more than that of team A but not as much as that
of team B, whose chances of winning are more than
that of team A.
II. As per the opinion poll, team Cs chances of winning
are less than that of team B but not less than that of
team D, whose chances of winning are more than
that of team A.
2. How many employees of bank X opted for VRS?
I. 18% of the 950 officer cadre employees and 6% of the
1100 of all other cadre employees opted for VRS.
II. 28% of the employees in the age group of 51 to 56 and
17% of the employees in all other age groups opted
for VRS.
3. What is the perimeter of a playground?
I. It is a perfect square playground.
II. It costs ` 3200 to put a fence around the playground
at the rate of ` 20 per metre.
4. Who among P, Q, R, S, T and U teaches Biology? Each
person teaches one subject amongst English, Hindi,
Biology, History, Geography and Sanskrit.
I. P and U do not teach Hindi, Biology, History or
Geography. Q and S do not teach Biology or
Geography. T does not teaches Geography.
II. P and U teach English and Sanskrit but not
necessarily respectively. Similarly, Q and S teach
either Hindi or History.
5. What is the total number of employees in the company
X? There are only two categories of employees, ie,
officers grade and worse grade.
II. x > 0
13
I. BC = BD = DA
23. How many chocolates can Sheena buy if she has to spend
20% of her budget on vegetable and 30% on groceries?
I. Sheena has ` 50 with her.
II. Each chocolate costs 50 paise.
24. How many litres of a chemical can be stored in a
cylindrical tank if the radius of the tank is 5 m?
I. The height of the tank is 5 m.
II. The temperature is 70F.
25. In D ABC, find r if AB = 5 and q = 40.
B
r
p
A
q
C
I. BC = 5
II. r > p
26. What was Mr Anand, combined income for the years
2003-08? In 2003, he made ` 1000000.
I. His average yearly income for the years 2003-08 was
` 1200000.
II. In 2008, his income was ` 2000000.
27. A certain book shop sold 92 copies of Bill Gates book
Business at the speed of thought during the first day.
What percentage of his stock of this book did he sell on
that day?
I. The total number of books with this title on stock
is 230.
II. There are a total of 1000 books in his store.
28. What selling price should be marked on the article?
I. Discount of 5% is to be given and profit percentage
should be double the discount. Purchase cost is in the
range of ` 300-` 400.
II. 10% discount is to be allowed and 15% profit is to be
obtained on the purchase cost of ` 200 of the article.
29. At present, how many villagers are voters in village X?
I. There were 860 voters in village X in the list
prepared for the last election.
II. The present list of village X has 15% more voters
than the list for the last election.
30. You must submit your application within 10 days from
the date of release of this advertisement. What is the
exact date before which the application must be
submitted?
I. The advertisement was released on 18th February.
II. It was a leap year.
31. What is Sunils position in a row of forty students?
I. There are sixteen students towards the left of Sunil.
II. There are twenty-eight students towards the right of
Atul who is in the left of Sunil.
I. Side AC Side AB
II. ABC = 30
14
``
II. When Tulika throws the same dice, she finds herself
unable to see the three faces bearing the numbers
1, 3 and 5 while when her brother Shivendra throws
the dice he finds himself able to see the three faces
bearing the numbers 6, 4 and 5.
C
y
I. QR is known.
II. The triangle is an equilateral triangle.
39. What number is opposite the face bearing number 5 of
the same dice when it is thrown by different persons?
Note that the dice bears the numbers 1 to 6 on different
faces of the dice.
I. When Renu throws the dice on a table, she observes
that the visible surfaces bear the numbers 3, 6 and 5.
O
x
z
I. x = 58
II. z = 32
15
52(abc) + 1
48. Is
the simplest form of a fraction? It is given
abcabc
that a, b and c are natural numbers.
I. c is an odd number.
II. a = b = c
49. Is Rama taller than Sita ?
I. Rama is taller than Radha.
II. Radha is not as tall as Sita.
50. On a stretch of water, there is no current from P to Q but
there is current from Q to R. In such a circumstance,
1
Vicky takes 3 h to row downstream from P to R and 3 h
2
upstream from R to P. Suppose the circumstances
change and now the earlier current is there all the ways
from P to R. How long will Vicky take to row from R to P
in the changed circumstances ?
I. Ratio of the speed of Vicky in still water and that of
the stream is 6 : 1.
II. Current flows at the speed of 2km/h.
51. Is 1 + (P - 1)! divisible by P ?
I. P is an odd number.
II. P is a prime number.
52. What is the value of a three-digit number n?
I. When digits at units place and hundreds place are
interchanged, number increases by 693 and in both
cases sum of digits of n remains 9.
II. Middle digit is zero.
53. A circle C 2 with radius r2 lies completely within another
circle C1 with radius of r1. What is the value of r1?
I. The difference in the circumferences of C1 and C 2 is
4 cm.
8
II. The difference in the areas of C1 and C 2 is 26
sq cm.
11
I. Area of TURP = z
II. Area of SQRU = y
1
1
59. If x 0, then is greater than
?
x
x+1
I. x < 1
II. x > 1
60. XY is a tangent to the circle with centre O at the point Q.
What is the value of DPQ?
I. DOX = 140
II. DQX = 70
61. Alka and Madhu put 40 matches on the table and make
themselves aware of the game for which the matches are
to be used. As per the rules, the winner is the one who
takes the last match. Who will win the game?
I. Each player in turn takes 1, 3 or 5 matches.
II. Madhu chooses to go first and takes 3 matches.
62. Distance between the two stations X and Y is 470 km.
Two trains P and Q start from X and proceed towards Y
at speeds of 40 km/h and 60 km/h respectively. An
another train R starts from Y and proceeds towards X at
16
I. AD = 30
II. BC = 10
76. Which direction is Shashidhar facing?
I. In the early morning, Shashidhar was standing in
front of a puppet and the shadow of the puppet was
falling to the right of Shashidhar.
II. In the early morning, Shashidhar was standing on
the ground.
77. Maheshs flat is on which floor of the five-floor
apartment?
I. His flat is exactly above Ganeshs flat, whose flat is
exactly above Nitins first-floor flat.
II. Jeevans flat, which is adjacent to Maheshs flat, is
exactly below Ahmeds flat.
78. Who scored highest amongst A, B, C, D and E?
I. B scored more than D, but not as much as C.
II. E scored more than C, but not more than A.
79. On which date in April was Varun born?
I. Varuns mother remembers that Varun was born
before nineteenth but after fifteenth.
II. Varuns sister remembers that Varun was born
before seventeenth but after twelfth.
80. Is Bhavana five years old?
I. Kalpana is seven years old and is younger than
Bhavana.
II. Bhavana is two years old than Ramesh.
81. What was the average marks in the class ?
I. The sum of all the marks was 8100.
II. Ramas marks 65, were above the average.
17
B. Model Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1 to 86) Each of the questions
below consists of a question and two statements numbered
I and II given below it. You have to decide whether the
data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer
the question. Read both the statements and give the
answer.
(a) Statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II alone is
not sufficient
(b) Statement II alone is sufficient, but statement I alone is
not sufficient
(c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither
statement alone is sufficient
(d) Statements I and II together are not sufficient
1. How many candidates were interviewed everyday by the
panel A out of the three panels A, B and C?
I. The three panels on an average can interview 15
candidates every day.
II. Out of a total 45 candidates interviewed everyday by
the three panels, the number of candidates
interviewed by panel A is more by 2 than the
candidates interviewed by panel C and is less by 1
than the candidates interviewed by panel B.
2. A, B, C and D made their project presentations, one on
each day, on four consecutive days but not
necessarily in that order. On which day did C make his
presentation?
I. The first presentation was made on 23rd, Tuesday
and was followed by Ds presentation.
II. A did not make his presentation on 25th and one of
them made his presentation, between As and Bs .
3. What does ja represent in a code language?
I. In that code language, pik ja sok pot means you can
stay here.
II. In that code language, ja sok ton te means you may
come here.
4. Among Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, Hong Kong
Dollar and Singapore Dollar, which currency has the
lowest value in terms of Indian rupees ?
I. One rupee is equal to 2.56 Japanese Yen, 0.338
Australian Dollar, and 0.465 Hong Kong Dollar.
II. Value of Australian Dollar is equal to Singapore
Dollar.
18
11. Is x2 : y2 < 1?
I. ( y - x) (x + y) = 40% of 60 - 120% of 20
II. x < y
12. What was the cost price of the suitcase purchased by
Samir?
I. Samir got 20% concession on the labelled price.
II. Samir sold the suitcase for ` 2000 with 25% profit on
the labelled price.
13. What is the speed of the boat in still water?
I. It takes 2 h to cover the distance between A and B
downstream.
II. It takes 4 h to cover the distance between A and B
upstream.
14. The area of a square is equal to that of a circle.
What is the circumference of the circle?
I. The diagonal of the square is x inch.
II. The side of the square is p times of radius.
15. What is the cost of the laying carpet in a rectangular
hall?
I. Cost of the carpet is ` 450/m2.
II. Perimeter of the hall is 50 m.
16. A starts a business with ` 60000. After 6 months B joins
him. What is the profit of B at the end of the year ?
I. The share of the profit is in the ratio 4 : 3.
II. Bs capital is ` 90000.
17. How many vinyl squares with sides 5 inch long will be
needed to cover the rectangular floor of a room?
I. The floor is 5 ft long.
II. The floor is 3 ft wide.
18. If 8 A + 9C + 2D + 3I = 106, then what is the value of I?
I. 6 A + 4 C - 16D - 4E = 48
II. 24 C - 13I = 28
19. Shiva owns 100 shares of stock A and 150 shares of
stock B. What is the total value of his stocks?
I. The value of each share of stock A is twice the value
of each share of stock B.
II. The total value of 4 shares of stock A and 6 shares of
stock B is ` 750.
20. Average age of 50 employees working in a departmental
store is 30 yr. In the next year, ten workers will retire.
What will be the average age in the next year?
I. Retirement age is 60 yr.
II. There are 100 workers in the department.
21. Is the area of D ABD equal to the area of D DBC?
II. q = 0
I. y is larger than 0.
P
O
I. AD = DC
II. BAD = 90
19
I. Length of AC is known.
II. PD is the bisector of BPC.
20
w
R x
S
y
I. w = z
II. x = y
49. Is point P located on the circumference of the circle with
centre O and radius of length l ?
I. Points P, O and R are the vertices of an equilateral
triangle.
II. Point R is located on the circumference of the circle
with centre O and radius of length l.
50. In the figure, is PRSU a square?
y
R
I. PQ = QR and UT = TS
II. PU = RS
51. Is x an integer?
19
I.
is an integer.
x+1
x+1
II.
is an integer.
5
52. In the given figure find APB.
A
I. ACB = 72
II. ABC = 72
53. Was Chinas GDP in 2008 50% higher than that of
India? It is given that FEI for a country in a year is the
ratio (expressed as a percentage) of its foreign equity
inflows to its GDP.
I. FEI of India in the year 2008 was 0.72 while FEI of
China in the year 2008 was 4.80.
II. Chinas foreign equity inflows in 2008 were 10 times
that to India.
21
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
II. b2 - 6b + 9 = 16
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
11.
12.
13.
14.
(16 4 + 8 2 - 8)
0.01 divided by 0.1
9 (1 / 3)
Semi- circumference of a
circle with radius 10 cm
15. Circumference of a circle
with radius cm
Column B
(3 4 + 1 5 - 3)
0.01 times 0.1
6 (1 / 2)
Circumference of a circle
with radius 5 cm
Perimeter of a square
whose side is 1.5 cm
Column A
16. The area of a rectangle
with sides of 2 cm and 2 cm
17. The volume of a cube with
side of length 3 cm
18. The sum of the integers
from 10 to 5
19. 1 / 3 of x
20. (15 / 2)
21. 4 / 17
Column B
The area of a square
with side 2 cm
The
volume
of
a
cylinder with radius
2 cm and height 3 cm
The sum of the integers
from 5 to 10
35% of x
3/ 3
2 / 15
34. Column A
23
Directions (Q. Nos. 35 to 40) Each of these
questions consists of a question and two statements
numbered I and II. Decide whether the data provided in
the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Mark
answer as
[MAT Dec 2008]
(a) if the data in statement I alone are sufficient to answer
the question, while the data in statement II alone are
not sufficient to answer the question
(b) if the data either in statement I alone or in statement II
alone are sufficient to answer the question
(c) if the data in statement II alone are sufficient to answer
the question, while the data in statement I alone are not
sufficient to answer the question
(d) if the data in both statements I and II together are
necessary to answer the question
35. Which is the smaller of the two numbers?
I. The difference between these two numbers is
one-fourth of the larger number.
II. The sum of these two numbers is 70.
36. How many marks did Arun get in History?
I. Average marks obtained by Arun in History, Maths
and English is equal to the average marks in Maths
and English.
II. Arun got a total of 120 in Maths and English together.
37. What is the ratio between the present ages of a father
and his son?
I. Ratio of the present ages of the father 20 yr before
and son 10 yr before was 2 : 1.
II. Sum of the present ages of the father and son is 50 yr.
38. In a class, the ratio of boys and girls is 13 : 10. How many
boys are there in the class?
I. The number of boys is 30% more than that of girls.
II. The number of girls is 15 less than that of boys.
39. By selling a product for ` 100, how much profit was
earned?
I. 20% profit would have been earned if it had been sold
for ` 90.
II. The profit was one-third of the purchase price.
40. What is the speed of a running train which takes 6 s to
cross a signal post?
I. The length of the train is 90 m.
II. The train takes 18 s to cross a platform 180 m long.
24
41. How many doctors are practising in this town?
I. There is one doctor per seven hundred residents.
II. There are 16 wards with each ward having as many
doctors as the number of wards.
42. How many speeches are delivered in the two days
programme?
I. 18 speakers were invited to give at least one speech,
out of which one-sixth of the speakers could not
come.
II. One-third of the speakers gave two speeches each.
25
68. ab = cd ?
I. a% of c is equal to b% of d.
II. b% of c is equal to d% of a.
I. y = 120
II. z = 87
80. If b, c are positive integers, is b + c, a prime number ?
I. b and c are odd.
II. c = 5b
81. Each student in a hostel speaks Telugu or Kannada or
both. What is the number of students who can speak
Telugu only ?
I. The total number of students in the hostel is 500 and
the number of students who can speak both Telugu
and Kannada is 156.
II. The number of students who can speak Kannada
only is 124.
82. Is x the largest among the positive real numbers x, y
and z ?
I. x - y > z
II. x + z > 2 y
26
87. If x and y are non-zero real numbers, is x > y ?
1 1
I. (x - y) - = 0
x y
2
II. (x - 5) = ( y = 5)2
88. What is the minimum value of the real number y ?
I. 2 y2 y2 + y
II. y < 0
27
Column A
119. a + 5
120. The number of even
integers between 1 and 13
121. 31 x
Column B
a+7
The number of even
integers between 2 and 14
35x
28
Y
X+Z
2
+ 1 if 0 < x < 1 , = 2|x| if x 0.
x
29
30
II. 3x is an integer.
I. a = x, b = 2x and c = 3x.
II. The side opposite a is 4 and the side opposite b is 3.
[KMAT 2009]