Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Abstract
Wet processing methods are included with dyeing, printing and finishing process. A grey end
product is not desired to anyone who likes to use an attractive and comfortable product, for this
reasons raw materials are treated in different stage of manufacturing to make it suitable. If we
want so we should treated thats raw materials by wet processing method. Dyeing is the first step
of wet processing method. Dyeing is also called coloration process & an important process. In
this paper we discussed about the faults that are related to dyeing and their remedies.
Key words
Dyeing, Dyeing faults, Fiber dyeing faults, Yarn dyeing faults, Fabric dyeing faults.
Introduction
Dyeing is a distribution process in which the dye or pigment is distributed at least two phases
system i.e. the dye/pigment bath or solution and the substrate (textile material). In this process
dyeing is done in a dye bath. Dye bath contain a solution of dyes, chemicals & auxiliaries. Dyes
or pigments are the main coloring substance in the dyeing process. There are various types of
dyes and pigments which are used for coloring textile materials.
Dyeing is generally done for fiber, yarn and fabric. Textile materials could be natural or manmade. Depending on the types of the textile material dyes, chemicals and dyeing process varies.
During the dyeing of textile material a bonding is made between the fiber and textile materials or
dye molecules are trapped within the molecular structure of the textile material. Performance of a
textile material depends on dyeing performance. Several faults are occurred during dyeing & if
we want a dyed textile material without faults we need to give deep concern on dyeing process.
Dyeing faults
Dyeing is a process of coloring fibers, yarns, or fabrics with either natural or synthetic dyes.
Many known-unknown faults occur during dyeing operation Such as many faults appears during
fiber dyeing, yarn dyeing & fabric dyeing. Reasons & Remedies of dyeing faults are given
below:
Proper pretreatment.
Material loading according to the machine capacity.
Pump capacity should be high & time to time cleaning required.
Ensure proper blocking the fibers after loading & the carrier bag should made from high
strength material.
Color variation from the inside to the outside of the yarn package
Color variation from the inside to the outside of the yarn package means the variation of shade in
different layers of a yarn package. A textile engineer must have knowledge about the shade of
color because a small percentage of shade variation can move a textile material to rejection.
Reasons/causes & Remedies of uneven yarn dyeing are given below:
Reasons:
No uniformity of package.
Damaged yarn
During yarn package dyeing yarn may be damaged due to high pressure & faulty processing.
Reasons/causes & Remedies of damaged yarn during dyeing are given below:
Reasons:
Remedies:
By ensuring standard pump pressure.
By controlling manual errors.
By ensuring properly wound package with standard tension.
Package to Package Shade variation
Package to Package shade variation means the appearance of different shade of same color in
different package while dyeing in the same machine at the same time. Reasons/causes &
Remedies of Package to Package Shade variation are given below:
Reasons:
Improper setting of yarn packages in the machine.
Lot mixing of the package.
Count variation of package.
Remedies:
By ensuring proper setting of yarn packages in the machine.
By ensuring no lot mixing of the packages.
By ensuring same count of the packages.
Color Spot
Color spot means presence of spots different color on the yarn package. Reasons/causes &
Remedies of color spot are given below:
Reasons:
Floating of dye particles in the air.
Improper per-oxide killing.
Improper mixing of dyestuffs
Uneven Dyeing
Reasons:
Fluctuation of Temperature.
Improper dosing time of dyes & chemicals.
Batch to batch weight variation of dyes and chemicals.
Dyes lot variation.
Improper reel speed, pump speed, liquor ratio.
Improper pretreatment.
Remedies:
Use standard dyes and chemicals.
Maintain the same liquor ratio.
Follow the standard pretreatment procedure.
Maintain the same dyeing cycle.
Identical dyeing procedure should be followed for the same depth of the Shade.
Make sure that the operators add the right bulk chemicals at the same time and
temperature in the process.
The pH, hardness and sodium carbonate content of supply water should check daily.
Entanglement of fabric.
Faulty injection of alkali.
Improper addition of color.
Due to hardness of water.
Due to improper salt addition.
Dye migration during intermediate dyeing.
Uneven heat in the machine, etc.
Remedies:
Dye Spot
Reasons:
Improper Dissolving of dye particle in bath.
Improper Dissolving of caustic soda particle in bath.
Remedies:
By proper dissolving of dyes & chemicals.
By passing the dissolved dyestuff through a fine stainless steel mesh strainer, so that the
large un-dissolved particles are removed.
Wrinkle Mark
Reasons:
Poor opening of the fabric rope.
Shock cooling of synthetic material.
High temperature entanglement of the fabric.
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Remedies:
Maintaining proper reel sped & pump speed.
Lower rate rising and cooling the temperature
Higher liquor ratio
Softener Mark
Reasons:
Fabric Hole
Reasons:
Excessive amount of acid in the dye bath.
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Excessive temperature.
Conclusion
Many faults that appear in fabrics and yarns after dyeing are not all related to dyeing. Many of
these faults can be traced back to prior production processes. It is important therefore when
assessing a fault to try to ascertain the root cause. Careful consideration of the possible cause of
the fault will enable suitable corrective action to be taken to ensure that the same faults do not reoccur.
Reference
http://textilefashionstudy.com/
http://www.ifc.net.au/
http://www.fibre2fashion.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/
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