Departamento de Ciências da Vida

Bioinformática

2009/2010

14 de Dezembro de 2009

Elaborado por:

Bruno Marques «» 501040333

Laura Almeida «» 2007104659
Melissa Alves «» 2007107970
Sara Figueiredo «» 2004103222
 Trabalho Prático

Relatório de Colheira nº 96:

I) Ulva compressa Linnaeus | ocorrência (2003-05-16)___________Pág.2

II) Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus | ocorrência (2003-05-16)___________Pág.10
III) Ulva lactuca Linnaeus | ocorrência (2003-05-16)_____________Pág.17
IV) Porphyra sp. | ocorrência (2003-05-16)____________________Pág.30

I) Ulva compressa Linnaeus | ocorrência (2003-05-16)

• Classe: Ulvophyceae
• Género: Ulva
• Espécie: Ulva compressa
• Autoridade: Linnaeus
• Habitat: This is a marine and estuarine species.
• Nomes comuns:
Hollow Green Weed

• Informação do TIPO:
The type species (holotype) of the genus Ulva is Ulva lactuca Linnaeus.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae mari & tectis maritimis" [Probably Bognor,
Sussex, England] (Hayden et al. 2003: 289).
Lectotype: Dillenius (1742: pl. 9: fig. 8) (epitype) OXF (Hayden et al. 2003:
289).

• Sinónimos:
Enteromorpha compressa var. usneoides (Bonnemaison ex J. Agardh) Bliding
Enteromorpha clathrata var. usneoides (J. Agardh) V.J. Chapman
Conferva compressa (Linnaeus) Roth 1797

2
 Tubularia compressa (Linnaeus) Roussel 1806
Scytosiphon compressus (Linnaeus) Lyngbye 1819
Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Nees 1820
Fistularia compressa (Linnaeus) Greville 1824
Solenia compressa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh 1824
Ilea compressa (Linnaeus) Gaillon 1828
Fistularia intestinalis var. compressa (Linnaeus) J.P. Jones & Kingston 1829
Hydrosolen compressus (Linnaeus) Martius 1833
Enteronia compressa (Linnaeus) Chevallier 1836
Enteromorpha complanata Kützing 1845
Enteromorpha vulgaris var. compressa (Linnaeus) Edmondston 1845
Ulva enteromorpha var. compressa (Linnaeus) Le Jolis 1863
Enteromorpha compressa var. complanata (Kützing) Rabenhorst 1868
Enteromorpha usneoides Bonnemaison ex J. Agardh 1883
Enteromorpha compressa f. complanata (Kützing) J.Agardh 1883
Enteromorpha chlorotica J. Agardh 1883
Enteromorpha intestinalis var. compressa (Linnaeus) Rosenvinge 1893
Enteromorpha intestinalis subsp. compressa (Linnaeus) M.W.R.N. de Silva &
E.M. Burrows 1973

• Posição Taxonómica:

Empire: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Class: Ulvophyceae
Order: Ulvales
Family: Ulvaceae
Genus: Ulva
Specie: Ulva compressa

3
• Biogeografia:
Portugal: Alife (Praia de), Aguda, Albufeira, Almograve, Apúlia, Buarcos Bay,
Consolação, Foz do Arelho, Furnas (Praia das), Lavadores, Légua
(Praia da), Moledo (Praia do), Nazaré, Peniche, Polvoeira (Praia da),
Praia do Norte, Queimado (Praia do), S.Pedro de Moel, Salgado (Praia
do), Zambujeira do Mar.

Europa: Adriatic, Balearic Islands, Baltic Sea, Belgium, Black Sea, Britain,
Corsica, E. Greenland, Faroes, France, Greece, Helgoland, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain,
Spitsbergen, Sweden, Turkey.

Mundo: Africa (Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa,
Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands (Antarctica, South Shetland

Islands).

Arctic (Canada).

Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan).

Atlantic Islands (Azores, Bermuda, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands,

Madeira, Salvage Islands).

Australia and New Zealand (Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western
Australia).

Caribbean Islands (Barbados, Caribbean, Cuba, Lesser Antilles, Puerto

Rico, Trinidad & Tobago).

Central America (México (Pacific)).

Europe (Adriatic, Balearic Islands, Baltic Sea, Belgium, Black Sea,

Britain, Corsica, E. Greenland, Faroes, France, Greece, Helgoland,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania,
Slovenia, Spain, Spitsbergen, Sweden, Turkey).

4
 Indian Ocean Islands (Andaman Islands, Christmas Island, Maldives,
Nicobar Islands, Rodrigues Island).

North America (Alaska, British Columbia, California, Florida, Georgia,

Gulf of California, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina,
Oregon, Quebec, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington).

Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Easter Island, Federated States of

Micronesia, Fiji, Hawaiian Islands, Samoan Archipelago).

South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay,

Venezuela).

South-east Asia (Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam).

South-west Asia (Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,

Kuwait, Levant states, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey,
Yemen).

• História do Nome:
Adjective (Latin), flattened, usually laterally (Stearn 1973).

• Usos e Compostos:
Good indicator of water quality.

• Ciclo de vida:
Digenetic, isomorphic alternation of generations (sporophytes and
gametophytes).

5
 (http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T304311A.gif)

• Referências:
Percival, E. (1964). Polysaccharides of the green seaweeds, Ulva lactuca and
Enteromorpha compressa. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 4:
360-365.

Lahaye, M. & Jegou, D. (1993). Chemical and physical-chemical characteristics

of dietary fibres from Ulva lactuca (L.) Thuret and Enteromorpha compressa (L.)
Grev.. Journal of Applied Phycology 5: 195-200.

Kagami, Y., Fujishita, M., Matsuyama-Serisawa, K., Yamamoto, M., Kuwano, K.,
Saga, N. & Kawano, S. (2005). DNA content of Ulva compressa (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)
nuclei determined with laser scanning cytometry. Phycological Research 53(1): 77-83.

Kagami, Y., Mogi, Y., Arai, T., Yamamoto, M., Kuwano, K. & Kawano, S.
(2008). Sexuality and uniparental inheritance of chloroplast DNA in the isogamous
green alga Ulva compressa (Ulvophyceae). Journal of Phycology 44: 691-702.

Mogi, Y., Kagami, Y., Kuwano, K., Miyamura, S., Nagumo, T. & Kawano, S.
(2008). Asymmetry of eyespot and mating structure position in Ulva compressa

6
(Ulvales, Chlorophyta) revealed by a new field emission scanning electron microscopy
method. Journal of Phycology 44: 1290-1299.

 Coordenadas Geográficas do local de colheita:

Latitude: 39.717233° (em Graus decimais)

Longitude: -9.051528° (em Graus decimais)

 Descrição do local de colheita:

Along the amazing Atlantic Coast, the Polvoeira Beach show off the beauty of
this landscape.

This is a beach that is mainly on its wild condition, as it is very well preserved.
The landscape is of great beauty, with a rocky area perfect for walking and relaxing.

The Polvoeira Beach is usually quite frequented by sport fishermen.

There is also a cycle road parallel to the beach, perfect for nature and sport lovers.

The beach also has a good parking lot, although does not possesses many
amenities.

The Polvoeira Beach present the perfect combination of country side and ocean.

 Dados constantes da BD MACOI:

Colecção: MACOI

Nº de colecção: -------

Nº de exemplares: -------

Informação Adicional (Epífitas): -------

Comprimento do espécimen: -------

Data de colheita: 2003-05-16

Descrição: -------

7
Classe: Ulvophyceae

Género: Ulva

Espécie: Ulva compressa

Variedade: Ulva compressa var. purpurea C. Agardh

Ulva compressa var. crinita G.Martens

Ulva compressa var. crinita (Roth) C. Agardh – Unchecked

Ulva compressa var. crinita (Nees) C. Agardh – Unchecked

Ulva compressa var. crispata (Lyngbye) Duby - Unchecked

Ulva compressa var. prolifera (O.F. Müller) C. Agardh

Ulva compressa Forsskål

Ulva compressa var. byssoides Mertens – Unchecked

Ulva compressa var. byssoides Naccari - Unchecked

Ulva compressa var. crispa G. Zanardini – Unchecked

Ulva compressa var. subarticulata C. Agardh – Unchecked

Ulva enteromorpha var. compressa (Linnaeus) Le Jolis

Ulva enteromorpha var. compressa (Linnaeus) Hariot - Unchecked

Identificador: Ana Sousa.

Colector: Ana Sousa.

8
 Actualização de dados do Relatório de Colheita:

Local: Polvoeira (Praia da)

Data: 2003-05-16

Specimens/Ocorrências: Ocorrência.

Número de ficha: 96.

Colectores: Ana Sousa

Hora da baixa-mar: 09:28:00 (hh:mm:ss)

Altura da Baixa-Mar: 0.35m

Temperatura do ar: ---

Temperatura da água: ---

pH da água: ---

Salinidade da água: ---

Descrição: -------

9
II) Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus | ocorrência (2003-05-16)

• Classe: Ulvophyceae
• Género: Ulva
• Espécie: Ulva intestinalis
• Autoridade: Linnaeus
• Habitat: This is a Marine species.
• Nomes comuns: Erva-patinha-verde

• Informação do TIPO:
The type species (holotype) of the genus Ulva is Ulva lactuca Linnaeus.
Type locality: Woolwich, London, England? (Hayden et al. 2003: 289).
Lectotype: Dillenius (1742: pl. 9: fig. 7) (epitype) OXF (Yoshida 1998 Notes:
Blomster et al. (1999) select a lectotype (epitype) of Dillenius (1742: pl. 9: fig.
7); see also Hayden et al. (2003: 289). Type locality: 'in Mari omni' (South &
Skelton, 2003).

• Sinónimos:
Conferva intestinalis (Linnaeus) Roth 1797
Tetraspora intestinalis (Linnaeus) Desvaux 1818
Scytosiphon intestinalis (Linnaeus) Lyngbye 1819
Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees 1820
Fistularia intestinalis (Linnaeus) Greville 1824
Solenia intestinalis (Linnaeus) C. Agardh 1824
Ilea intestinalis (Linnaeus) Leiblein 1827
Hydrosolen intestinalis (Linnaeus) Martius 1833
Scytosiphon intestinalis var. nematodes Wallroth 1833
Enteronia simplex Chevallier 1836
Enteromorpha vulgaris var. lacustris Edmondston 1845
Ulva enteromorpha var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Le Jolis 1863
Enteromorpha intestinalis f. maxima J. Agardh 1883
Ulva bulbosa var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Hariot 1889
Enteromorpha compressa var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Hamel 1931

10
 Enteromorpha intestinalis var. maxima (J. Agardh) Lily Newton 1931

• Posição Taxonómica:

Empire: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Class: Ulvophyceae
Order: Ulvales
Family: Ulvaceae
Genus: Ulva
Specie: Ulva intestinalis

• Biogeografia:
Portugal: Afife (Praia de); Aguda; Almograve; Apúlia; Buarcos Bay; Foz do
Arelho; Furnas (Praia das); Lavadores; Moledo (Praia do); Nazaré;
Norte (Praia); Odeceixe (Praia de); Polvoeira (Praia de); Praia do
Norte); Queimado (Praia do); Ribamar; S. Pedro de Moel; Salgado
(Praia do); Vila Praia de Âncora); Zambujeira do Mar.
Europa: Balearic Islands, Britain, France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey.
Mundo: Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Libya, Morocco,
Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia).
Antarctic and the subantarctic islands (Antarctida, Macquarie Island,
South Shetland Islands).
Arctic (Canada).
Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan).
Atlantic Islands (Ascension, Azores, Bermuda, Canary Islands, Cape
Verde Islands, Madeira, Salvage Islands, Tristan da Cunha).
Australia and New Zealand (New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,
Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria).
Caribbean Islands (Caribbean, Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Puerto
Rico).
Central America (México(Pacific)).

11
 Europe (Adriatic, Balearic Islands, Baltic Sea, Belgium, Black Sea,
Britain, Corsica, Denmark, E.Greenland, Faroes, France, Greece,
Helgoland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey).
Indian Ocean Islands (Andaman Islands, Laccadive Islands, Rodrigues
Island, Seychelles).
North America (Alaska, British Columbia, California, Connecticut,
Florida, Gulf of California, Main, Mexico, New Hampshire, North
Carolina, Oregon, Quebec, Texas, Virginia, Washington).
Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Easter Island, Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, Hawaiian Islands, Samoan Archipelago).
South-east Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam).
South-west Asia (Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Israel, Kuwait, Levant
States, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkey(Asia), Yemen).
South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela).

• História do Nome:
Adjective (Latin), relating to or found in the intestines (Stearn 1973).

• Usos e Compostos:
Direct use as food - food, consumed whole (Contains: ash; carbohydrates; fibre;
lipids; protein; water.);
Health, cosmetics, thalasotherapy, wellness & folk medicine - mineral
supplement (Contains: ascorbic acid (vitamin C).);
Provide biological, medical and pharmacological activity - gout, treatment of;
inhibitory/suppressive effect; podagra, treatment of; scrofula, treatment of;
Source of inorganic chemicals and other compounds - source of iodine
(Contains: iodine.);
Terrestrial plant and animal production - animal feed (direct); fertiliser.

• Ciclo de vida:
Digenetic, isomorphic alternation of generations (sporophytes and
gametophytes).

12
 Species of the genus Ulva are rapidly growing opportunists, favoured by the
frequency and speed of their reproduction. The short lived plants reach maturity at a
certain stage of development rather than relying on an environmental trigger. Ulva
intestinalis can be found in reproductive condition at all times of the year, but maximum
development and reproduction occur during the summer months especially towards the
northern end of the distribution of the species (Burrows, 1991). The life history consists
of an isomorphic (indistinguishable except for the type of reproductive bodies
produced) alternation between haploid gametophytic and diploid sporophytic
generations, but can be modified by environmental conditions (Burrows, 1959; Moss &
Marsland, 1976; Reed & Russell, 1978). McArthur & Moss (1979) examined the
process of gametogenesis and gamete structure using scanning and transmission
electron microscopy.
The haploid gametophytes of Ulva produce enormous numbers of biflagellate
motile gametes which cluster and fuse to produce a sporophyte (diploid zygote). The
sporophyte matures and produces by meiosis large numbers of quadriflagellate
zoospores that mature as gametophytes, and the cycle is repeated. Both gametes and
spores may be released in such quantities into rock pools or slack water that the water
mass is coloured green (Little & Kitching, 1996). Together spores and gametes are
termed 'swarmers'. Swarmers are often released in relation to tidal cycles, with the
release being triggered by the incoming tide as it wets the thallus. However, the degree
of release is usually related to the stage of the spring/neap tidal cycle, so allowing
regular periodicity and synchronization of reproduction (Little & Kitching, 1996).
Christie & Evans (1962) found that swarmer release of Ulva intestinalis (as
Enteromorpha intestinalis) from the Menai Straits, Wales, peaked just before the
highest tides of each neap-spring cycle.
Mobility of swarmers belonging to Ulva intestinalis (as Enteromorpha
intestinalis) can be maintained for as long as 8 days (Jones & Babb, 1968). Algae such
as Ulva intestinalis tend to have large dispersal shadows, with propagules being found
far from the nearest adult plants, e.g. 35 km (Amsler & Searles, 1980).

• Referências:
Hayden, H.S., Blomster, J., Maggs, C.A., Silva, P.C., Stanhope, M.J. &
Waaland, J.R. (2003). Linnaeus was right all along: Ulva and Enteromorpha are not
distinct genera. European Journal of Phycology 38: 277-294.

13
 Hayden, H.S. & Waaland, J.R. (2004). A molecular systematic study of Ulva
(Ulvaceae, Ulvales) from the northeast Pacific. Phycologia 43: 364-382.

Pedroche, F.F., Silva, P.C., Aguilar-Rosas, L.E., Dreckmann, K.M. & Aguilar-
Rosas, R. (2005). Catálogo de las algas marinas bentónicas del Pacífico de México. I.
Chlorophycota. pp. i-viii, 17-146. Ensenada, México: Universidad Autónoma de Baja
California.

Brodie, J., Maggs, C.A. & John, D.M. (2007). Green seaweeds of Britain and
Ireland. pp. [i-v], vi-xii, 1-242, 101 figs. London: British Phycological Society.

Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten

benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, 266 pls. Ruggell:
A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Dawes, C.J. & Mathieson, A.C. (2008). The seaweeds of Florida. pp. [i]- viii,
[1]-591, [592], pls I-LI. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215,
col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

 Coordenadas Geográficas do local de colheita:

Latitude: 39.717233° (em Graus decimais)

Longitude: -9.051528° (em Graus decimais)

 Descrição do local de colheita:

Along the amazing Atlantic Coast, the Polvoeira Beach show off the beauty of
this landscape.

This is a beach that is mainly on its wild condition, as it is very well preserved.
The landscape is of great beauty, with a rocky area perfect for walking and relaxing.

The Polvoeira Beach is usually quite frequented by sport fishermen.

14
 There is also a cycle road parallel to the beach, perfect for nature and sport lovers.

The beach also has a good parking lot, although does not possesses many
amenities.

The Polvoeira Beach present the perfect combination of country side and ocean.

 Dados constantes da BD MACOI:

Colecção: MACOI
Nº de colecção: -------
Nº de exemplares: -------
Informação Adicional (Epífitas): -------
Comprimento do espécimen: -------
Data de colheita: 2003-05-16
Descrição: -------
Classe: Ulvophyceae
Género: Ulva
Espécie: Ulva intestinalis
Variedade: Ulva bulbosa var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Hariot
Ulva enteromorpha var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Le Jolis
Ulva intestinalis var. nana Sommerfelt
Ulva intestinalis var. cornucopiae (Lyngbye) C. Agardh –Unchecked
Ulva intestinalis var. crispa (Roth) C. Agardh - Unchecked
Ulva intestinalis f. filiformis P. Crouan & H. Crouan
Ulva intestinalis f. intestiniformis P. Crouan & H. Crouan
Ulva intestinalis var. maxima C. Agardh
Ulva intestinalis f. mesenteriformis (Kützing) P. Crouan & H. Crouan
– Unchecked
Ulva intestinalis f. rivularis P. Crouan & H. Crouan
Ulva intestinalis var. suhrii Seubert
Ulva intestinalis f. intestiniformis P. Crouan & H. Crouan -
Unchecked
Ulva intestinalis f. rivularis P. Crouan & H. Crouan - Unchecked

15
 Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus - Unchecked
Ulva intestinalis f. cylindracea (J. Agardh) M.J. Wynne
Ulva intestinalis f. tenuis (F.S. Collins) M.J. Wynne
Ulva intestinalis var. asexualis (Bliding) E.Taskin
Ulva intestinalis f. ramosa (Vinogradova) E. Taskin
Ulva intestinalis f. saprobia (Vinogradova) E.Taskin

Identificador: Ana Sousa.

Colector: Ana Sousa.

 Actualização de dados do Relatório de Colheita:

Local: Polvoeira (Praia da)

Data: 2003-05-16

Specimens/Ocorrências: Ocorrência.

Número de ficha: 96.

Colectores: Ana Sousa

Hora da baixa-mar: 09:28:00 (hh:mm:ss)

Altura da Baixa-Mar: 0.35m (Consultar o site do Instituto Hidrográfico)

Temperatura do ar: ---

Temperatura da água: ---

pH da água: ---

Salinidade da água: ---

Descrição: -------

16
III) Ulva lactuca Linnaeus | ocorrência (2003-05-16)

• Classe: Ulvophyceae
• Género: Ulva
• Espécie: Ulva lactuca
• Autoridade: Linnaeus
• Habitat: This is a marine and estuarine species.

• Nomes comuns:
In Portuguese: Alface-do-mar
In Galician: Leituga de mar
In Italian: Lattuga di mare
In French: Laitue de mer
In English: Green laver; Sea lettuce
In German: Meerlattich
In Japonese: Aonori

• Informação do TIPO:
This is the type species (holotype) of the genus Ulva.

Type locality: "in Oceano" [Atlantic Ocean] (Linnaeus 1753: 1163).

Lectotype: LINN 1275.24 Notes: According to Womersley (1984: 141) the type
is from the west coast of Sweden. The type is marked "5" and agrees well with
Linnaeus's description, and the number five is assigned to Ulva lactuca in
Species plantarum (Papenfuss 1960).

• Sinónimos:
Ulva lactucaefolia S.F. Gray 1821
Ulva fenestrata Postels & Ruprecht 1840
Ulva stipitata J.E. Areschoug 1850
Ulva crassa Kjellman 1877

17
• Posição Taxonómica:

Empire: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Class: Ulvophyceae
Order: Ulvales
Family: Ulvaceae
Genus: Ulva
Specie: Ulva lactuca

• Biogeografia:

Portugal: A-Ver-o-Mar, Aguçadoura, Aguda, Almograve, Apúlia, Buarcos Bay,

Consolação, Foz do Arelho, Furnas (Praia das), Légua (Praia da),
Nazaré, Norte (Praia), Odeceixe (Praia de), Peniche, Polvoeira (Praia
da), S.Martinho do Porto, S.Pedro de Moel, Salgado (Praia do),
Zambujeira do Mar.

Europa: Adriatic, Baltic Sea, Britain, Corsica, Denmark, Faroes, France,

Germany, Greece, Helgoland, Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Spain, Spitsbergen, Sweden, Turkey.

Mundo: Africa (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco, São Tomé & Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Western
Sahara).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands (South Shetland Islands).

Arctic (Canada).

18
Asia (China, Commander Islands, Japan, Kamchatka, Korea, Russia,
Taiwan).

Atlantic Islands (Ascension, Azores, Bermuda, Cape Verde Islands,

Gough Island, Madeira, Salvage Islands, St Helena, Tristan da Cunha).

Australia and New Zealand (Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, Norfolk
Island, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria).

Caribbean Islands (Alabama, Bahamas, Barbados, Caicos Islands,

Caribbean, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico,
Trinidad, Trinidad & Tobago).

Central America (Costa Rica, Islas Revillagigedo, México, Panama).

Europe (Adriatic, Baltic Sea, Britain, Corsica, Denmark, Faroes, France,

Germany, Greece, Helgoland, Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Spain, Spitsbergen, Sweden, Turkey (Europe)).

Indian Ocean Islands (Amsterdam Island, Andaman Islands, Christmas

Island, Laccadive Islands, Maldives, Nicobar Islands, Réunion,
Rodrigues Island, Seychelles).

North America (Alaska, British Columbia, California, Connecticut,

Florida, Gulf of California, Maine, Mississippi, New Hampshire,
Newfoundland, Oregon, Quebec, Texas, Washington).

Pacific Islands (Easter Island, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji,

French Polynesia).

South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Galápagos

Islands, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela).

South-east Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam).

South-west Asia (Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait,

Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkey (Asia), Yemen.

19
 • História do Nome:
Adjective (Latin), lettuce (Lewis & Short 1890).

• Usos e Compostos:
Direct use as food - food, consumed whole (Contains: ash; carbohydrates; fibre;
lipids; protein; water.);

Health, cosmetics, thalasotherapy, wellness & folk medicine - mineral

supplement (Contains: ascorbic acid (vitamin C).);

Provide biological, medical and pharmacological activity - gout, treatment of;

Provide biological, medical and pharmacological activity -

inhibitory/suppressive effect;

Provide biological, medical and pharmacological activity - podagra,

treatment of;

Provide biological, medical and pharmacological activity - scrofula,

treatment of;

Source of inorganic chemicals and other compounds - source of iodine

(Contains: iodine.);

Terrestrial plant and animal production - animal feed (direct);

Terrestrial plant and animal production – fertiliser.

• Ciclo de vida:
Digenetic life cycle with isomorphic generations: macroscopic gametophytes
and sporophytes.
The sporangial and gametangial thalli are morphologically alike. The diploid adult
plant produces haploid spores by meiosis, these settle and grow to form haploid male
and female plants similar to the diploid plants. When these haploid plants release
gametes they unite to produce the zygote which germinates, and grows to produce the
diploid plant.

20
 (http://web.uniovi.es/bos/Asignaturas/Botanica/9.htm)

• Referências:
Thuret, G. (1854). Note sur la synonymie des Ulva lactuca et latissima, L., suivie
de quelques remarques sur la tribu des Ulvacées. Mémoires de la Société Imperiale des
Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg 2: 17-32.
Kylin, A. (1943). The influence of trace elements on the growth of Ulva lactuca.
Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund. Förhanlingar 13: 108.

21
 Kylin, H. (1943). Über die ernährung von Ulva lactuca. Kungliga Fysiografiska
Sällskapets i Lund. Förhanlingar 13: 1-15.
Suneson, S. (1943). Weitere Untersuchungen über wachtstumsfördernde Wirkung
von Algenextrakten auf Ulva lactuca. Physiographiska Sällskapets Handlingar 13(20):
1-9.
Kylin, A. (1945). The nitrogen sources and the influence of manganese on the
nitrogen assimilation of Ulva lactuca. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund.
Förhanlingar 15: 1-9.
Kylin, H. (1945). Weitere angaben über die ernährung von Ulva lactuca.
Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund. Förhanlingar 15: 1-5.
Kylin, A. (1946). The influence of some cations on Ulva lactuca, and a note on its
nitrogen sources. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund. Förhanlingar 16: 1-8.
Kylin, H. (1946). Über den Zuwachs der Keimlinge von Ulva lactuca in
verschiedenen Nährflüssigheiten. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund.
Förhanlingar 16: 1-5.
Kylin, H. (1947). Über die Lebensdauer der Zygoten von Ulva lactuca. Kungl
Fysiografiska Sällakapets i Lund Förhandlingar 17: 1-4.
Haxo, F.T. & Clendenning, K.A. (1953). Photosynthesis and phototaxis in Ulva
lactuca gametes. Biol. Bull. 105: 103-114.
Föyn, B. (1955). Specific differences between northern and southern European
populations of the green alga Ulva lactuca L.. Publ. Staz. Zool., Napoli 26: 261-270.
Levring, T. (1955). Some remarks on the structure of the gametes and the
reproduction of Ulva lactuca. Botaniska Notiser 108(1): 40-45.
Provasoli, L. (1958). Effect of plant hormones on Ulva lactuca. Proceedings of
the International Seaweed Symposium 3: 22-23.
Percival, E. (1964). Polysaccharides of the green seaweeds, Ulva lactuca and
Enteromorpha compressa. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 4:
360-365.
Haq, Q.N. & Percival, E. (1966). Structural studies on the water-soluble
polysaccharide from the green seaweed Ulva lactuca Part IV. Smith degradation.
Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 5: 261-269.
Tocher, C.S., Ackman, R.G. & McLachlan, J. (1966). The identification of
dimethyl-B-propiothetin in the algae Syracosphaera carterae and Ulva lactuca. Can. J.
Biochem. 44: 519-522.

22
 Chandler, M.T. & Vidaver, W.E. (1970). Photosynthetic oxygen induction
transients in the alga Ulva lactuca L.. Phycologia 9: 133-142, 5 figs.
Dizerbo, A.H. & Gilly, R. (1970). Un Ulva lactuca L. (Chlorophycees, Ulvaceae)
de l'atoll de Clipperton (Pacifique nord). Revue Algologique, Nouvelle Serie 1: 90-91.
Micalef, H. (1970). Remarques préliminaires sur l'ultrastructure d'Ulva lactuca.
Soc Phycol de France Bull No 15: 82.
Micalef, H. (1972). Mise en évidence de phosphatase acide dans l'appareil de
Golgi des cellules végétatives d'Ulva lactuca L. (Chlorophycées, Ulvales). Compte
Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences. Paris. Série D 275:
2481-2484.
Micalef, H. & Gayral, P. (1972). Quelques aspects de l'infrastructure des cellules
végétatives et des cellules reproductrices d'Ulva lactuca L. (Chlorophycée). Journal de
Microscope 13: 417-428.
Micalef, H. (1973). Exposé critique de résultats obtenus en microscopie
électronique sur la cellule de l'Ulva lactuca L.. Soc Phycol de France Bull No 18: 58-
64.
14
Gemmill, E.R. & Galloway, R.A. (1974). Photoassimilation of C-acetate by
Ulva lactuca. Journal of Phycology 10: 359-366, 8 figs, 2 tables.
Medcalf, D.G., Lionel, T., Brannon, J.H. & Scott, J.R. (1975). Seasonal variation
in the mucilaginous polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca. Botanica Marina 18: 67-70.
Steffensen, D.A. (1976). The effect of nutrient enrichment and temperature on the
growth in culture of Ulva lactuca L.. Aquatic Botany 2: 337-351.
Bonneau, E.R. (1977). Polymorphic behavior of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in
axenic culture. I. Occurrence of Enteromorpha-like plants in haploid clones. Journal of
Phycology 13: 133-140.
Harlin, M.M., Thorne-Miller, B. & Thursby, G.B. (1978). Ammonium uptake by
Gracilaria sp. (Florideophyceae) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) in closed system
fish culture. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 9: 285-292.
Enright, C.T. (1979). Competitive interaction between Chondrus crispus
(Florideophyceae) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) in Chondrus aquaculture.
Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 9: 209-218.
Melkonian, M. (1979). Structure and significance of cruciate flagellar root
systems in green algae: zoospores of Ulva lactuca (Ulvales, Chlorophyceae).
Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 32: 425-435.

23
 Melkonian, M. (1980). Flagellar apparatus, mating structure and gametic fusion in
Ulva lactuca (Ulvales, Chlorophyceae). British Phycological Journal 15: 196.
Micalef, H. (1980). L'organisation golgienne, vacuolaire et pariétale chez l'algue
verte Ulva lactuca L. Caractérs de son eevolution au cours du cycle de reproduction.
105 Congrés national des Sociétés savantes, Caen 3: 249-260.
Provasoli, L. & Pintner, I.J. (1980). Bacteria induced polymorphism in an axenic
laboratory strain of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Phycology 16: 196-201.
Provasoli, L. & Pinter, I. J. (1981). Bacteria-reduced polymorphism in an axenic
laboratory strain of Ulva lactuca. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium
8: 231.
Bekheet, I. A., Kandil, K. M. & Shaban, N. Z. (1984). Studies on urease extracted
from Ulva lactuca. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 11: 580-583.
DeBusk, T.A., Blakeslee, M. & Ryther, J.H. (1986). Studies on outdoor
cultivation of Ulva lactuca L.. Botanica Marina 29: 381-386.
Vermaat, J.E. & Sand-Jensen, K. (1987). Survival, metabolism and growth of
Ulva lactuca under winter conditions: a laboratory study of bottlenecks in the life cycle.
Marine Biology, Berlin 95: 55-61.
Murthy, M.S., Rao, Y.N. & Faldu, P.J. (1988). Invertase and total amylase
activities in Ulva lactuca from diffrent tidal levels, under desiccation. Botanica Marina
31: 53-56.
Niesenbaum, R.A. (1988). The ecology of sporulation by the macroalga Ulva
lactuca L. (Chlorophyceae). Aquatic Botany 32: 155-166.
Murthy, M.S. & Sharma, C.L.N.S. (1989). Peroxidase activity in Ulva lactuca
under dessication. Botanica Marina 32: 511-513.
Markager, S. & Sand-Jensen, K. (1990). Heterotrophic growth of Ulva lactuca
(Chlorophyceae). Journal of Phycology 26: 670-673.
Cohen, I. & Neori, A. (1991). Ulva lactuca biofilters for marine fishpond
effluents. 1. Ammonia uptake kinetics and nitrogen content. Botanica Marina 34: 475-
482.
Neori, A., Cohen, I. & Gordin, H. (1991). Ulva lactuca biofilter for marine fish
pond effluents. 2. Growth rate, yield and C/N ratio. Botanica Marina 34: 483-489.
Webster, E.A. & Gadd, G.M. (1991). Cadmium uncouples respiration of Ulva
lactuca. British Phycological Journal 26: 98.

24
 Webster, E.A. & Gadd, G.M. (1992). The effect of heavy metals on the ionic
composition of Ulva lactuca. British Phycological Journal 27: 102.
Koch, E. W. (1993). The effect of water flow on photosynthetic processes of the
alga Ulva lactuca L.. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 14: 457-
462.
Lahaye, M. & Jegou, D. (1993). Chemical and physical-chemical characteristics
of dietary fibres from Ulva lactuca (L.) Thuret and Enteromorpha compressa (L.)
Grev.. Journal of Applied Phycology 5: 195-200.
Svirski, E., Beer, S. & Friedlander, M. (1993). Gracilaria conferta and its
epiphytes: (2) Interrelationship between the red seaweed and Ulva cf. lactuca.
Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 14: 391-396.
Pedersen, M.F. (1994). Transient ammonium uptake in the macroalga Ulva
lactuca (Chlorophyta): nature, regulation, and the consequences for choice of measuring
technique. Journal of Phycology 30: 980-986, 5 figs, 3 tables.
Hawes, I. & Smith, R. (1995). Effect of current velocity on the detachment of
thalli of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in a New Zealand estuary. Journal of Phycology
31: 875-880, 7 figs.
Israel, A.A., Friedlander, M. & Neori, A. (1995). Biomass yield, photosynthesis
and morphological expression of Ulva lactuca. Botanica Marina 38: 297-302, 9 figs, 1
table.
Rivers, J.S. & Peckol, P. (1995). Summer decline of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta)
in a eutrophic embayment: interactive effects of temperature and nitrogen availability?.
Journal of Phycology 31: 223-228, 6 figs, 1 table.
Anderson, R. J., Monteiro, P. M. S. & Levitt, G. J. (1996). The effect of localised
eutrophication on competition between Ulva lactuca (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) and a
commercial resource of Gracilaria verrucosa (Gracilariacea, Rhodophyta). Proceedings
of the International Seaweed Symposium 15: 291-296.
Huang, X., Weber, J.C., Hinson, T.K., Mathieson, A.C. & Minocha, S.C. (1996).
Transient expression of the GUS reporter gene in the protoplasts and partially digested
cells of Ulva lactuca L.(Chlorophyta). Botanica Marina 39: 467-474.
Sampaio, A.H., Rogers, D.J. & Barwell, C.J. (1998). Isolation and
characterisation of the Lectin from the green marine alga Ulva lactuca L.. Botanica
Marina 41: 427-433.

25
 Giannotti, A.L. & McGlathery, K.J. (2001). Consumption of Ulva lactuca
(Chlorophyta) by the omnivorous mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say). Journal of
Phycology 37: 209-215.
Pacheco-Ruíz, I., Zertuche-González, J.A., Chee-Barragán, A. & Arroyo-Ortega,
E. (2002). Biomass and potential commercial utilization of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta,
Ulvaceae) beds along the north-west coast of the Gulf of California (Research note).
Phycologia 41: 199-201.
Lee, T.-M., Tsai, P.-F., Shyu, Y.-T. and Sheu, F. (2005). The effects of phosphite
on phosphate starvation responses of Ulva lactuca (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). Journal of
Phycology 41: 975-982.
Fredersdorf, J. & Bischof, K. (2007). Irradiance of photosynthetically active
radiation determines ultraviolet-susceptibility of photosynthesis in Ulva lactuca L.
(Chlorophyta)(Research note). Phycological Research 55(4): 295-301.
Ross, C. & Van Alstyne, K.L. (2007). Intraspecific variation in stress-induced
hydrogen peroxide scavenging by the ulvoid macroalga Ulva lactuca. Journal of
Phycology 43(3): 466-474, 8 figs, 1 table.
Zou, D., Gao, K. & Ruan, Z. (2007). Daily timing of emersion and elevated
atmospheric CO2 concentration affect photosynthetic performance of the intertidal
macroalga Ulva Lactuca (Chlorophyta) in sunlight. Botanica Marina 50: 275-279.
Zou, D., Gao, K., Xia, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, X. & Liu, S. (2007). Responses of dark
respiration in the light to desiccation and temperature in the intertidal macroalga, Ulva
lactuca (Chlorophyta) during emersion. Phycologia 46(4): 363-370, 4 figs, 1 table.
Aldon Coca, D., Juscamaita Morales, J. & Gil Kodaka, P. (2008).
Aprovechamiento de la macroalga Ulva lactuca en la producción de bioabono líquido a
través del porceso de ensilaje. ALGAS. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Ficología
39: 13 - 15.

 Coordenadas Geográficas do local de colheita:

Latitude: 39.717233° (em Graus decimais)

Longitude: -9.051528° (em Graus decimais)

26
  Descrição do local de colheita:
Along the amazing Atlantic Coast, the Polvoeira Beach show off the beauty of
this landscape.

This is a beach that is mainly on its wild condition, as it is very well preserved.
The landscape is of great beauty, with a rocky area perfect for walking and relaxing.

The Polvoeira Beach is usually quite frequented by sport fishermen.

There is also a cycle road parallel to the beach, perfect for nature and sport lovers.

The beach also has a good parking lot, although does not possesses many
amenities.

The Polvoeira Beach present the perfect combination of country side and ocean.

 Dados constantes da BD MACOI:

Colecção: MACOI

Nº de colecção: -------

Nº de exemplares: -------

Informação Adicional (Epífitas): -------

Comprimento do espécimen: -------

Data de colheita: 2003-05-16

Descrição: -------

Classe: Ulvophyceae

Género: Ulva

Espécie: Ulva lactuca

Variedade: Ulva lactuca var. latissima (Linnaeus) A.P. De Candolle

Ulva lactuca f. lacinulata (Kützing) Hauck

27
 Ulva lactuca f. pulvinata

Ulva lactuca var. rigida (C. Agardh) Le Jolis

Ulva lactuca var. lacinula Kützing

Ulva lactuca var. myriotrema (P.L. Crouan & H.M. Crouan) Bornet

Ulva lactuca var. macrogyna Reinsch

Ulva lactuca f. laciniata (J. Agardh) De Toni

Ulva lactuca var. rosulans Schiffner

Ulva lactuca f. fasciata (Delile) Hering

Ulva lactuca var. bullosa Hornemann

Ulva lactuca var. mesenteriformis (Roth) Collins - Unchecked

Ulva lactuca var. crispa P.J.L. Dangeard

Ulva lactuca var. lacinata (J. Agardh)

Ulva lactuca f. consociata P.J.L. Dangeard

Ulva lactuca var. contorta Lyngbye - Unchecked

Ulva lactuca f. contorta (Lyngbye) Gomont - Unchecked

Ulva lactuca f. cribrosa (J. Agardh) De Toni - Unchecked

Ulva lactuca f. crispa P.J.L. Dangeard

Identificador: Ana Sousa.

Colector: Ana Sousa.

28
 Actualização de dados do Relatório de Colheita:

Local: Polvoeira (Praia da)

Data: 2003-05-16

Specimens/Ocorrências: Ocorrência.

Número de ficha: 96.

Colectores: Ana Sousa

Hora da baixa-mar: 09:28:00 (hh:mm:ss)

Altura da Baixa-Mar: 0.35m

Temperatura do ar: ---

Temperatura da água: ---

pH da água: ---

Salinidade da água: ---

Descrição: -------

29
 IV) Porphyra sp. | ocorrência (2003-05-16)

-Porphyra umbilicalis

• Classe: Bangiophyceae
• Género: Porphyra
• Espécie: Porphyra umbilicalis
• Autoridade: Agardh
• Habitat: This is a marine species.
• Nomes comuns: Erva patinha.
• Informação do TIPO:
The type species (holotype) of the genus Porphyra is Porphyra purpurea (Roth)
C. Agardh.
Type locality: “in Oceano” (Linnaeus 1753: 1163).
Epitype: J. Brodie & P.K. Hayes; 23 July 1998; From the back of a limpet. BM
000769632 (Brodie et al. 2008: 1330).
Notes: A lectotype was designated by Brodie & Irvine (2003: 130) as Dillenius,
Hist. Musc.: Pl. 8: fig. 3 (1742 '1741'). An epitype, the lectotype of Porphyra
umbilicalis Kützing, q.v. from Scotland, was subsequently selected by Brodie et
al. (2008: 1330).

• Sinónimos:
No synonyms are currently included in AlgaeBase.

• Posição Taxonómica:

Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Biliphyta
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Bangiophyceae
Subclass Bangiophycidae
Order Bangiales

30
 Family Bangiaceae
Genus Porphyra
Specie: Porphyra umbilicalis

• Biogeografia:
Portugal: Açores, Água de Madeiros, Légua (Praia da), Madeira, Polvoeira (Praia
da), S, Pedro de Moel.

Europe: Adriatic, Balearic Islands, Baltic Sea, Belgium, Britain, Corsica, E.

Greenland, Faroes, France, Greece, Helgoland, Iceland, Ireland (Antrim,
Clare, Cork, Derry, Donegal, Down, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Limerick,
Louth, Mayo, Waterford, Wexford), Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Scandinavia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey-Europe

Mundo: Africa (Egypt, Morocco, Senegal).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands (Antarctica, South Georgia, South

Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands).

Asia (Russia).

Atlantic Islands (Bermuda, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands).

Australia and New Zealand (Australia).

Canada (Artic).

North America (Alaska, British Columbia, Florida, Maine, New

Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia,
Quebec, South Carolina, Virginia).

South America (Brazil, Chile, Peru).

South-west Asia (Israel, Sri Lanka, Turkey).

• História do Nome:
(informação não encontrada).

31
 • Usos e Compostos:
Direct use as food - food, consumed whole.
Health, cosmetics, thalasotherapy, wellness & folk medicine - mineral
supplement.
Contains: ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Source of organic chemicals excluding hydrocolloids - source of polyols
Contains: mannitol.

• Ciclo de vida:
Digenetic life cycle with heteromorphic generations: macroscopic
gametophyte and microscopic sporophyte (Conchocelis phase).

Porphyra displays a heteromorphic alternation of generations. The thallus we

see is the haploid generation; it can reproduce asexually by forming spores which
grow to replicate the original thallus. It can also reproduce sexually. Both male and
female gametes are formed on the one thallus. The female gametes while still on the
thallus are fertilized by the released male gametes, which are non-motile. The
fertilised, now diploid, carposporangia after mitosis produce spores (carpospores)
which settle, then bore into shells, germinate and form a filamentous stage. This stage
was originally thought to be a different species of alga, and was referred to as
Conchocelis rosea. It is now known to be the diploid stage of Porphyra.

32
 • Referências:

Grubb, V.M. (1923). The attachments of Porphyra umbilicalis, (L.) J. Ag.. Annals
of Botany 37: 131-140.

Grubb, V. (1924). Observations on the ecology and reproduction of Porphyra

umbilicalis (L) J. Ag.. Revue Algologique No 3: 1-12 (reprint nos).

Rees, T.K. (1940). A preliminary account of the life-history of Porphyra

umbilicalis (L.) Ag.. Annals of Botany New Series 4(July): 669-672.

33
 Drew, K.M. (1949). Conchocelis-phase in the life-history of Porphyra umbilicalis
(L.) Kütz.. Nature, London 166: 748-749.

Kylin, H. (1949). Über Porphyra umbilicalis und Porphyra laciniata. K. Fysiogr.

Sällsk. Lund. Förhandl. 17: 1-3.

Drew, K.M. (1954). Studies in the Bangioideae III. The life-history of Porphyra
umbilicalis (L.) Kütz. var. laciniata (Lightf.) J. Ag. A. The conchocelis-phase in
culture. Annals of Botany, New Series 18: 183-211.

Turvey, J. R. & Rees, D. A. (1958). The carbohydrate of red algae: Porphyra

umbilicalis. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 3: 74-75.

Conway, E. (1964). Autecological studies of the genus Porphyra. II. Porphyra

umbilicalis (L.) J. Ag.. British Phycological Bulletin 2: 349-363, 2 pls.

Conway, E. (1964). Comments on Porphyra umbilicalis. British Phycological

Bulletin 2: 393

Frei, E. & Preston, R.D. (1964). Non-cellulosic structural polysaccharides in algal

cell walls II. Association of xylan and mannan in Porphyra umbilicalis. Proc. Roy. Soc.
London, Ser. B 160: 314-327.

Turvey, J. R. & Williams, T. P. (1964). Sugar sulphates from the mucilage of

Porphyra umbilicalis. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 4: 370-
373.

Kurogi, M. & Sato, S. (1967). Effect of photoperiod on the growth and maturation
of Conchocelis-thallus of Porphyra umbilicalis (l.) Kütz. and Porphyra pseudocrassa
Yamada et Mikami. Bull Tohoku Reg Fish Res Lab No 27: 111-130.

Kurogi, M., Sato, S. & Yoshida, T. (1967). Effect of water temperature on the
liberation of monospores from the Conchocelis of Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) Kütz. Bull
Tohoku Reg Fish Res Lab No 27: 131-139.

34
 Giraud, N. & Magne, F. (1968). La place de la méiose dans le cycle de
développement de Porphyra umbilicalis. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de
l’Académie dês Sciences. Paris. Série D 267: 586-588.

Schramm, W. (1972). The effects of oil pollution on gas exchange in Porphyra

umbilicalis when exposed to air. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium
7: 309-315.

Shameel, M. (1978). Comparitive effects of pressure, temperature and oxygen

tension on photosynthetic and respiratory rates in Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) J. Ag.. Pak.
J. Bot. 10: 119-131.

Gunawardena, P. & Williamson, F. B. (1981). Structure and composition of the

cell wall, intercellular matrix and other cuticle of Porphyra umbilicalis (L.).
Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 8: 568-572.

Wiencke, C., Stelzer, R. & Läuchli, A. (1983). Ion compartmentation in Porphyra

umbilicalis determined by electron-probe X-ray microanalysis. Planta 159: 336-341.

Wiencke, C. & Lüachli, A. (1983). Tonoplast fine structure and osmotic

regulation in Porphyra umbilicalis. Planta 159: 342-346.

Van Tussenbroek, B.I. (1984). Effect of continuous unilateral irradiation on the

conchocelis of Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) J. Ag. and some other red algae. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 83: 263-274.

Wiencke, C., Knoth, A. & Stelzer, R. (1984). Changes of protoplasmic and

vascuolar volume during osmotic adaptation and ion compartmentation in Porphyra
umbilicalis. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 11: 481-484.

López-Figueroa, F. & Niell, F.X. (1989). Red-light and blue-light photoreceptors

controlling chlorophyll a synthesis in the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis and in the green
alga Ulva rigida. Physiologia Plantarum 76: 391-397.

35
 Hilditch, C.M., Jones, P.B., Balding, P., Smith, A.J. & Rogers, L.J. (1991).
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases from macroalgae - proteolysis during extraction
and properties of the enzyme from Porphyra umbilicalis. Phytochemistry 30(3): 745-
750.

Liu, X.-W. & Kloareg, B. (1991). Tissue culture of Porphyra umbilicalis

(Bangiales, Rhodophyta). I. The effects of plant hormones on callus induction from
tissue explants. C R Acad Sci 312(10): 517-522.

Figueroa, F.L., Aguilera, J. & Niell, F.X. (1995). Red and blue light regulation of
growth and photosynthetic metabolism in Porphyra umbilicalis (Bangiales,
Rhodophyta). European Journal of Phycology 30: 11-18, 10 figs, 3 tables.

Hernández, I. (1996). Analysis of the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity

as a measure of phosphorus status in the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) Kützing.
Botanica Marina 39: 255-262.

Lüning, K., Titlyanov, E.A. & Titlyanova, T.V. (1997). Diurnal and circadian
periodicity of mitosis and growth in marine macroalgae. III. The red alga Porphyra
umbilicalis. European Journal of Phycology 32: 167-173, 7 figs.

Gröniger, A., Hallier, C. & Häder, D.P. (1999). Influence of UV radiation and
visible light on Porphyra umbilicalis: Photoinhibition and MAA concentration. Journal
of Applied Phycology 11: 437-445.

Kraemer, G.P. & Yarish, C. (1999). A preliminary comparison of the mariculture

potential of Porphyra purpurea and Porphyra umbilicalis. Journal of Applied
Phycology 11: 473-477.

Lüning, K. (2001). Circadian growth rhythm in Porphyra umbilicalis

(Rhodophyta): spectral sensitivity of the circadian system. Journal of Phycology 37: 52-
58.

36
 Pereira, R., Sousa-Pinto, I. & Yarish, C. (2001). Studies on the life cycle of
Porphyra dioica and Porphyra umbilicalis from Portugal. J. Phycol. 37, suppl.: 40-41.

Brodie, J. Irvine, L., Neefus, C.D. & Russell, S. (2008). Ulva umbilicalis
Linnaeus and Kützing (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae): a molecular and morphological
redescription of the species, with a typification update. Taxon 57: 1328-1331, 1 fig.

 Coordenadas Geográficas do local de colheita:

Latitude: 39.717233° (em Graus decimais)

Longitude: -9.051528° (em Graus decimais)

 Descrição do local de colheita:

Along the amazing Atlantic Coast, the Polvoeira Beach show off the beauty of
this landscape.

This is a beach that is mainly on its wild condition, as it is very well preserved.
The landscape is of great beauty, with a rocky area perfect for walking and relaxing.

The Polvoeira Beach is usually quite frequented by sport fishermen.

There is also a cycle road parallel to the beach, perfect for nature and sport lovers.

The beach also has a good parking lot, although does not possesses many
amenities.

The Polvoeira Beach present the perfect combination of country side and ocean.

37
 Dados constantes da BD MACOI:

Colecção: MACOI
Nº de colecção: -------
Nº de exemplares: -------
Informação Adicional (Epífitas): -------
Comprimento do espécimen: -------
Data de colheita: 2003-05-16
Descrição: -------
Classe: Bangiophyceae
Género: Porphyra
Espécie: Porphyra umbilicalis
Variedade: Porphyra laciniata var. umbilicalis C. Agardh
Porphyra laciniata f. umbilicalis (Kützing) Kleen - Unchecked
Porphyra umbilicalis Kützing
Porphyra umbilicalis subsp. pacifica L.P. Perestenko
Porphyra umbilicalis f. laciniata (C.Agardh) Thuret
Porphyra umbilicalis f. rosea Hamel
Porphyra umbilicalis f. linearis (Greville) Rosenvinge
Porphyra umbilicalis var. vulgaris Ruprecht
Porphyra umbilicalis f. pudica Hamel
Porphyra umbilicalis f. purpurea (Wahlenberg) Jadin - Unchecked
Porphyra umbilicalis var. laciniata (Lightfoot) J. Agardh
Porphyra umbilicalis var. divisa J. Agardh
Porphyra umbilicalis subsp. laciniata (Lightfoot) J.Agardh -Unchecked
Porphyra umbilicalis var. novae-zelandiae Laing
Porphyra umbilicalis subsp.purpurea(Wahlenberg)J.Agardh-Unchecked
Porphyra umbilicalis var. simplex J. Agardh
Porphyra umbilicalis f. vulgaris (Ruprecht) Rosenvinge
Porphyra umbilicalis f. epiphytica F.S. Collins
Porphyra umbilicalis (Linnaeus) J. Agardh

Identificador: Ana Sousa.

Colector: Ana Sousa.

38
 Actualização de dados do Relatório de Colheita:

Local: Polvoeira (Praia da)

Data: 2003-05-16

Specimens/Ocorrências: Ocorrência.

Número de ficha: 96.

Colectores: Ana Sousa

Hora da baixa-mar: 09:28:00 (hh:mm:ss)

Altura da Baixa-Mar: 0.35m

Temperatura do ar: ---

Temperatura da água: ---

pH da água: ---

Salinidade da água: ---

Descrição: -------

39
Bibliografia:

http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=12903&sk=0&from=results

http://wildlife-archipelago.gr/marine-flora/hollow-green-weed-ulva-compressa/

http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=12904&sk=0&from=results

http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=39&sk=0&from=results

http://macoi.ci.uc.pt/spec_list_detail.php?spec_id=171&searchSpecies=ulva+lactuca+li
nnaeus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulva_lactuca

http://web.uniovi.es/bos/Asignaturas/Botanica/9.htm

http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=133979&sk=0&from=resul
ts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyra

http://earth.google.com/ - Google Earth

http://macoi.ci.uc.pt/local_detail.php?loc_id=24

http://www.hidrografico.pt/previsao-mares.php

40