CHAPTER 1

Management The attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient

manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational
resources.
Four Management Functions Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling
1. Planning Defines goals for future organizational performance, and decides
tasks and use of resources needed.
2. Organizing Follows planning; reflects how the organization tries to
accomplish plan; involves assignment of (1) tasks into departments (2) authority
and allocation of resources across the organization.
3. Leading Use influence to motivate employees.
4. Controlling Monitoring employees activities; determining whether the
organization is on target towards its goals; Making corrections as necessary.
Organizational Performance Attainment of organizational goals in an efficient and
effective manner.
Organization social entity that is goal directed and deliberately structured.
Effectiveness degree to which organization achieves a stated goal.
Efficiency use of minimal resources (materials, people, money) to produce the
desired volume of output.
Performance organizations ability to attain its goals by using resources in an
efficient and effective manner.
Management Skills
1. Conceptual Skills cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and
the relationships among its parts.
2. Human Skills ability to work with and through other people and to work
effectively as a group member.
3. Technical Skills understanding of and proficiency in the performance of
specific tasks.
4. WHEN SKILLS FAIL inability to connect to world around, create
climate of fear, failure to listen, poor communication skills.

 Management Types
VERTICAL
1. Top Managers A manager who is at the top of the organizational
hierarchy and is responsible for the entire organization.
2. Middle Managers A manager who works at the middle levels of the
organization and is responsible for major departments.
3. Project Manager A manager responsible for a temporary work project
that involves the participation of other people from various functions and
levels of the organization.
4. First-Line Managers A manager who is at the first or second
management level and is directly responsible for the production of goods
and services.
HORIZONTAL
1. Functional Manager A manager who is responsible for a department
that performs a single functional task and has employees with similar
training and skills.
2. General Managers A manager who is responsible for several
departments that perform different functions.

CHAPTER 2
Social Forces
Political Forces
Economic Forces