The house was built in 1975.

Reported speech
Direct speech

Passive voice

Uses
Gramatical rules

Unit 6

Ingles 5

Universidad Jaime Bausate y Meza

Reported Speech
Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay
dos maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el direct o el reported speech.

Direct speech
Cuando queremos informar exactamente lo que otra persona ha dicho,
utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca
entre comillas (...) y deber ser palabra por palabra.
Examples:
I am going to London next week, she said.
Voy a Londres la semana que viene, ella dijo.
Do you have a pen I could borrow, he asked.
Tienes un bolgrafo que puedas prestarme, l
pregunt.
Alice said, I love to dance.
Alice dijo, Me encanta bailar.
Chris asked, Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?
Chris pregunt, Te gustara cenar conmigo maana por la noche?

Reported speech
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no
necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el
tiempo verbal cambia. A continuacin tienes un explicacin de los cambios que
sufren los tiempos verbales.
A veces se usa that en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que
ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar
if o whether.
Examples:
Im 30 years old, she said. She said she is 30 years old.
Dave said, Kelly is sick. Dave said Kelly is sick.
We are going to Tokyo next week, they said. They said they are going to
Tokyo next week.
Ill cut my hair tomorrow, Nina said. Nina said she is cutting her hair
tomorrow.

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Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado

(todava es verdad) o que es en el futuro, no tenemos
que cambiar el tiempo verbal.

Prof. Yunli Gaspar

Direct Speech
Present simple
"He's American," she said.
"I'm happy to see you," Mary said.
He asked, "Are you busy tonight?"
Present Continuous
"Dan is living in San Francisco," she
said.
He said, "I'm making dinner."
"Why are you working so hard?" they
asked.
Past Simple
"We went to the movies last night," he
said.
"Greg said, "I didn't go to work
yesterday."
"Did you buy a new car?" she asked.
Past Continuous
"I was working late last night," Vicki
said.
They said, "we weren't waiting long."
He asked, "were you sleeping when I
called?"
Present Perfect Simple
Heather said, "I've already eaten."
"We haven't been to China," they said.
"Have you worked here before?" I
asked.
Present Perfect Continuous
"I've been studying English for two
years,"he said.
Steve said, "we've been dating for over
a year now."
"Have you been waiting long?" they
asked.
Past Perfect Simple
"I'd been to Chicago before for work,"
he said.
Past Perfect Continuous
She said, "I'd been dancing for years
before the accident."

Unit 6

Reported Speech
Past simple
She said he was American.
Mary said that she was happy to see me.
He asked me if I was busy tonight.
Past Continuous
She said Dan was living in San Francisco.
He told me that he was making dinner.
They asked me why I was working so
hard.
Past Perfect Simple
He told me they had gone to the movies
last night.
Greg said that he hadn't gone to work
yesterday.
She asked me if I had bought a new car.
Past Perfect Continuous
Vicki told me she'd been working last
night.
They said that they hadn't been waiting
long.
He asked if I'd been sleeping when he
called.
Past Perfect Simple
Heather told me that she'd already
eaten.
They said they hadn't been to China.
I asked her whether she'd worked there
before.
Past Perfect Continuous
He said he'd been studying English for
two years.
Steve told me that they'd been dating
for over a year.
They asked whether I'd been waiting
long.
Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)
He said that he'd been to Chicago before
for work.
Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE)
She said she'd been dancing for years
before the accident.

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Universidad Jaime Bausate y Meza

Passive voice
Hasta ahora hemos hablado de la voz activa donde enfocamos la accin del
verbo en el sujeto. Pero cuando queremos dar ms importancia a la accin y no
a quien la ha hecho, utilizamos la voz pasiva.
Examples:
La voz activa
He ate all of the cookies.
Comi todas las galletas.
La voz pasiva
All of the cookies were eaten.
Todas las galletas fueron comidas.

Gramatical rules
Se forma la voz pasiva con el verbo auxiliar to be y el participio pasado del
verbo.

Suject + auxiliar verb (to be) + past participle.

Examples:
The speech is written for the president.
El discurso est escrito para el presidente.
The house was built in 1975.
La casa fue construida en 1975.
Para transformar una oracin activa a pasiva tenemos en cuenta los siguientes
puntos:
VOCABULARY:

1. El objeto de la oracin activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la pasiva.

2. El verbo principal se sustituye por el auxiliar to be, en su mismo tiempo,
junto al verbo principal en participio.
3. El sujeto de la oracin principal pasa a ser complemento agente de la pasiva.
4. Si hacemos mencin en la oracin del sujeto que realiza la accin (sujeto
agente), este ir normalmente introducido por la preposicin by.
Examples:

housekeeper

Mark Twain wrote the book. The book was written by Mark Twain.
Mark Twain escribi el libro. El libro fue escrito por Mark Twain.
The housekeeper will clean the room. The room will be cleaned by the
housekeeper.
La ama de casa limpiar la habitacin. La habitacin ser limpiado por la
ama de casa.

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Prof. Yunli Gaspar

Unit 6

Uses
1. Usamos la voz pasiva cuando no sabemos quien ha hecho la accin.
Examples:
A civilian has been killed.
Un civil ha sido asesinado.
The car was stolen.
El coche fue robado.
2. Usamos la voz pasiva cuando queremos dar importancia a lo que pas, ms
que a quin hizo la accin o cuando no queremos decir quien lo hizo.
Examples:
The letter was delivered yesterday.
La carta fue entregada ayer.
A mistake was made.
Un error fue cometido.

Nota: No podemos usar la voz pasiva con verbos

intransitivos como die, arrive o go. Verbos
intransitivos son verbos que no llevan un objeto directo.

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Universidad Jaime Bausate y Meza

Exercises
I. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense,
although it is sometimes not necessary.
Example:
Peter: I clean the black shoes
Peter told me that he cleaned the black shoes.
1. Jhon: Mandy is at home.
Jhon said that _________________________________________________
2. Max: Frank often reads a book.
Max told me that ______________________________________________
3. Susan: Im watching TV.
Susan said to me that ___________________________________________
VOCABULARY:

4. Simon: David was ill

Simon said that ________________________________________________
Answers: 1) Mandy was at home 2) Frank often read a book. 3) she was watching TV. 4) David
had been ill.

ill

II. Decide wheter the sentences are written in Active or Passive. The verb forms
are printed in bold.
1. They often listen to music.

________________

2. She is reading the newspaper now. ________________

3. These cars are produced in Japan. ________________
4. Alan teaches Geography.

________________

5. German is spoken in Austria.

________________

Answers: 1)active 2) active 3) passive 4) active 5) passive

III. Put in the form of the verb in Passive into the gaps. Use the verb and the
tense given in brackets.
Example:
A letter is written by Peter. (to write simple present)
1. The words ___________________ by the teacher today. (to explain Simple
present)
2. We _________________ a letter the day before yesterday. (to send Simple
past)
3. This car _______________. Its too old. (not/to steal will future)
4. This street ____________________ because of snow. (already/to closepresent perfect)
5. A new restaurant _______________ next week. (to open will future)
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Answers: 1)are explained 2)were sent 3)will not be stolen 4)has already been closed 5)will be
opened