Injury

Injury is damage to the body.[1] This maybe caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other
causes.[1]
Major trauma is injury that can potentially lead to serious outcomes.
In 2013 4.8 million people died from injuries up from 4.3 million in 1990. More than 30% of these
deaths were transport related injuries. In 2013 367,000 children less than five died from injuries
down from 766,000 in 1990.[2] Injuries are the cause of 9% of all death and are the sixth leading
cause of death in the world

Classification
The World Health Organization developed the International Classification of External Causes of
Injury (ICECI). Under this system, injuries are classified by

mechanism of injury,

objects/substances producing injury,

place of occurrence,

activity when injured,

the role of human intent,

and additional modules. These codes allow the identification of distributions of injuries in
specific populations and case identification for more detailed research on causes and preventive
efforts.[5][6]
The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics developed the Occupational Injury and Illness
Classification System (OIICS). Under this system injuries are classified by

nature,

part of body affected,

source and secondary source, and

event or exposure.

The OIICS was first published in 1992 and has been updated several times since.[7]
The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) is used to classify injuries to enable
research into specific sports injuries.

By cause[edit]

Intentional injury

Suicide and self-harm

Violence and war

Accidents

Stingray injury

Lightning injuries

By modality[edit]

Traumatic injury, a body wound or shock produced by sudden physical collision or

movement[9]

Avulsion injury

Blast injury

Internal bleeding

Crush injury

Needlestick injury

Catastrophic injury

Repetitive strain injury or other strain injury

Other injuries from external physical causes, such as radiation poisoning, burn,
or frostbite

Radiation-induced lung injury

Microwave burn
Injury from toxin or as adverse effect of a pharmaceutical drug (e.g., vaccine injury)

Toxic injury
Injury from internal causes such as reperfusion injury

By location[edit]

Wound, an injury in which skin is torn, cut or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt
force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically refers to a
sharp injury which damages thedermis of the skin.

Brain injury

Acquired brain injury

Coup contrecoup injury

Diffuse axonal injury

Frontal lobe injury

Nerve injury

Spinal cord injury

Brachial plexus injury

Peripheral nerve injury

Sciatic nerve injury

Injury of axillary nerve

Soft tissue injury

Cell damage, including direct DNA damage

Lisfranc injury

Tracheobronchial injury

Eye injury

Chemical eye injury

Eye injuries during general anaesthesia

Acute kidney injury

Knee injury

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

Medial knee injuries

Back injury

Hand injury

Liver injury

Head injury

Penetrating head injury

Closed head injury

Musculoskeletal injury

Articular cartilage injuries

Acute lung injury

Pancreatic injury

Thoracic aorta injury

Biliary injury

Chest injury

By activity[edit]

Sports injury

Reverse bite injury

Lead climbing injuries

Occupational injury

Grease gun injury

Ventilator-associated lung injury

Sea urchin injury

Transfusion-related acute lung injury

Illness and injuries during spaceflight