Sunteți pe pagina 1din 18

JB

PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF
THE POEPOLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA

JB/T 6396-2006

Specification for the Heavy Alloy Structural Steel Forgings


Issued on November 27, 2006

Implemented on May 1, 2007

Issued by the National Development and Reform Commission

Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................... I
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative References ............................................................................................................ 1
3 Requirements on order ........................................................................................................... 1
4 Technical requirements .......................................................................................................... 1
4.1 Manufacturing technique ............................................................................................. 1
4.2 Chemical composition ................................................................................................. 2
4.3 Mechanical properties.................................................................................................. 4
4.4 Hardness ...................................................................................................................... 8
4.5 Nondestructive testing ................................................................................................. 8
5 Testing requirements and methods......................................................................................... 9
5.1 Chemical composition analysis.................................................................................... 9
5.2 Test of mechanical property ........................................................................................ 9
5.3 Retesting .................................................................................................................... 12
5.4 Another heat treatment............................................................................................... 12
6 Acceptance and certificate.................................................................................................... 12
7 Mark and package ................................................................................................................ 13
Appendix
A
(Informative)
The
Properties
and
Functions
of
Steel14

Foreword
This standard replaces standard JB/ T 6396-1992 "Heavy Alloy Structural Steel Forgings"
Compared to JB/T 6396-1992, major changes have been made as follows:
Specify the manufacturing technique and add the content concerned with repair
welding, as shown in Article 4.1;
Make revision to the chemical composition of the recommended steels stated in
Table 1;
Cancel the material trademark of 50SiMn and increase the common material
trademark of 28CrNi2MoV for large crankshaft and eccentric shaft;
Add note and footnote in Table 3;
Increase the content of nondestructive testing, as shown in Article 4.5;
Make revision to testing items, sampling number, sampling location and direction in
the test of mechanical property, as shown in Article 5.2.2and 5.2.3;
Increase the Brinell hardness value for each material trademark correspondent to its
mechanical property;
Cancel the column of basic open-hearth steel in Table 5;
Alter the standard's name to "Specification for the heavy alloy structural steel
forgings".
Appendix A of this standard is informative.
This standard was proposed China Machinery Industry Federation.
This national standard is under the jurisdiction of Standardization Technical Commission
on Heavy Casting and Forging of China Machinery Industry Federation (CMIF/TC6).
His standard was drafted by China National Erzhong Group Corporation.
Chief Drafter of this standard is: You Wei.
The previous edition replaced by this standard is:
JB/T 6396-1992.

NOTE: The English version hereof has been translated directly from the openly-published Chinese
standard JB/T 6396-2006. In the event of any discrepancy in the process of implementation, the
Chinese version shall prevail.

Specification for the Heavy Alloy Structural Steel Forgings


1. Scope
This standard specifies technical requirements on the order, manufacturing and
acceptance of alloy structural steel forgings.
This standard is applicable to alloy structural steel forgings for general purposes.

2. Normative References
The following normative documents contain provision which, through reference in this
text, constitutes provisions of this national standard. For dated reference, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references,
the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 223 (The whole document) Chemical analysis method for steel and alloy
GB/T 228 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature (GB/T 228 2002, eqv ISO 6892: 1998)
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy notch impact test ( GB/T 229 - 1994, eqv ISO 148:
1983)
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials-Brinell hardness test-Part 1: Test method (GB/T 231.1 2004, ISO 6508 - 1: 1999, MOD)
JB/T 6397 Heavy carbon structural steel forgings

3. Requirements on order
3.1 The buyer shall state the name, band, material trademark, delivery state and supply
amount.
3.2 The buyer shall supply the design(s) of the order and correlative finish machining
design(s).
3.3 While the buyer has supplementary requirements, it shall be agreed on both sides.

4. Technical requirements
4.1 Manufacturing technique
4.1.1 Smelting
The steel for forgings shall apply basic electric furnace for smelting. Through agreement
on both sides, other smelting methods which may guarantee the quality may be applied.
4.1.2 Forging
The steel for forgings shall directly apply steel ingot to forging into shape. There shall be
adequate spanmenge left on both edges to guarantee no shrinkage cavity and severe
segregation on the forgings. Forging equipment with adequate tonnage shall be applied to
shaping the forgings, to guarantee the thorough forging and even composition. Multiple
lengths are allowed applying in the forging.
4.1.3 Heat treatment
The forging pieces shall be cooled gradually from cracking after forging. If necessary,
they shall go through high tempering, and then cool slowly, in order to improve the
organization and machinability. According to the variable material trademark and strength
level of the forgings, techniques such as normalizing plus tempering or seasoning heat

treatment may be applied. Heat treatment of multiple lengths may be allowed in the forging.
4.1.4 Mechanical processing
4.1.4.1 According to specific circumstances, the supplier may determine whether to conduct
rough machining of the forging surface before heat treatment.
4.1.4.2 The delivered forgings shall meet the dimension, tolerance and roughness of surface
required by the buyer.
4.1.5 Repair welding
For the defective forgings, if the welding results may satisfy the mechanical properties of
the identical material trademark and obtain the approval from the buyer, repair welding may
be conducted to make them up.
4.2 Chemical composition
The supplier shall carry out smelting analysis on each furnace of molten steel. The
analytical results shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in Table 1. If there are
special requirements by the buyer, the supplier shall carry out product analysis on the forgings,
the specific requirements of which is specified in the contract or the design. The product
analysis results shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in Table 1, but may have
deviation stated in Table 2.

Table 1 the mass fraction of the chemical composition


Material

Si

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Others

20Cr

0.18~0.24

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.70~1.00

20CrMnMo

0.17~0.23

0.17~0.37

0.90~1.20

0.035

0.035

1.10~1.40

0.20~0.30

20CrMnTi

0.17~0.23

0.17~0.37

0.80~1.10

0.035

0.035

1.00~1.30

Ti0.04~0.10

16CrMn

0.14~0.19

0.17~0.37

1.00~1.30

0.035

0.035

0.80~1.10

20CrMn

0.17~0.22

0.17~0.37

1.10~1.40

0.035

0.035

1.00~1.30

15Cr2Ni2

0.12~0.17

0.17~0.37

0.30~0.60

0.035

0.035

1.40~1.70

1.40~1.70

17Cr2Ni2Mo 0.14~0.19

0.17~0.37

0.30~0.60

0.035

0.035

1.50~1.80

1.40~1.70

0.25~0.35

trademark

20SiMn

0.16~0.22

0.60~0.80

1.00~1.30

0.035

0.035

35SiMn

0.32~0.40

1.10~1.40

1.10~1.40

0.035

0.035

42SiMn

0.39~0.45

1.10~1.40

1.10~1.40

0.035

0.035

28CrNi2MoV 0.24~0.32

0.17~0.37

0.30~0.60

0.035

0.035

1.00~1.50

1.80~2.10

0.35~0.55

V0.15

20MnMo

0.17~0.23

0.17~0.37

0.90~1.30

0.035

0.035

0.15~0.25

35CrMo

0.32~0.40

0.17~0.37

0.40~0.70

0.035

0.035

0.80~1.10

0.15~0.25

0.16~0.23

0.17~0.37

1.20~1.50

0.035

0.035

0.45~0.60

Nb0.02~0.045

42MnMoV

0.38~0.45

0.17~0.37

1.20~1.50

0.035

0.035

0.20~0.30

V0.10~0.20

20Cr2Ni4

0.17~0.23

0.17~0.37

0.30~0.60

0.035

0.035

1.25~1.65

3.25~3.65

34CrNi3Mo 0.30~0.40

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.70~1.10

2.75~3.25

0.25~0.40

40CrNiMo

0.37~0.44

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.60~0.90

1.25~1.65

0.15~0.25

40CrMnMo

0.37~0.45

0.17~0.37

0.90~1.20

0.035

0.035

0.90~1.20

0.20~0.30

18Cr2Ni4W 0.13~0.19

0.17~0.37

0.30~0.60

0.035

0.035

1.35~1.65

4.00~4.50

38CrMoAl

0.35~0.42

0.20~0.45

0.30~0.60

0.035

0.035

1.35~1.65

0.15~0.25

Al0.70~1.10

40Cr

0.37~0.44

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.80~1.10

50cr

0.47~0.54

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.80~1.10

25CrMo

0.22~0.29

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.90~1.20

0.15~0.30

42CrMo

0.38~0.45

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.90~1.20

0.15~0.30

50CrMo

0.46~0.54

0.17~0.37

0.50~0.80

0.035

0.035

0.90~1.20

0.15~0.25

30Cr2Ni2Mo 0.26~0.34

0.17~0.37

0.30~0.60

0.035

0.035

1.80~2.20

1.80~2.20

0.30~0.50

34Cr2Ni2Mo 0.30~0.38

0.17~0.37

0.40~0.70

0.035

0.035

1.40~1.70

1.40~1.70

0.15~0.30

18MnMoNba
(20MnMoNb)

W0.80~1.20

Note: the residual elements content of the steel is provided as follows: Cr0.30%, Ni0.3% Cu0.20%.
a

18MnMoNb is the common material trademark same as 20MnMoNb.

Table 2 Allowable deviation of the mass fraction of the product analysis

Cross-sectional area cm2


Stated
Elements

maximum

625

>625~1300

>1300~2600

>2600~5200

>5200~10400

>10400

extent
Allowable deviation exceeding the stated lower bound and upper bound
0.25

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.26~0.56

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.35

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.36

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.09

0.90

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.91

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.08

0.09

0.050

0.008

0.008

0.010

0.010

0.015

0.015

0.030

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.006

0.006

0.006

>0.030

0.008

0.010

0.010

0.015

0.015

0.015

0.90

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.90~2.10

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.08

2.11~10.00

0.10

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.15

0.16

1.00

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

1.01~2.00

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

2.01~5.30

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.20

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.21~0.40

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.41~1.15

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

Nb

0.14

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

Ti

0.85

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

1.00

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.07

1.01~4.00

0.09

0.09

0.10

0.12

0.12

0.14

0.16~0.50

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.08

0.51~2.00

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.12

0.12

0.14

0.10

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.11~0.25

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

Si

Mn
P
S

Cr

Ni

Mo

Al

Note: the cross-sectional area of the product refers to the maximum cross sectional area (not including center hole) of the rough
machined forging; the maximum cross sectional area of the forging; the maximum cross sectional area of steel billet.

4.3 Mechanical properties


The mechanical properties of the forgings shall meet the specifications stated in Table 3.

Table 3 Mechanical properties

Material

Heat treatment

trademark

condition

20Cr

Sectional

Rm

dimension

MPa

mm

Primary quenching +

15 (test

tempering

sample)

Secondary quenching

30 (test

+ tempering

sample)

Rp0.2
(ReL)
MPa

A5

AKU
(AKV)
J

AKDVM
J

HB

835

(540)

10

40

47

250

635

(390)

12

40

47

190

635

(390)

13

40

39

190

Carburizing +
quenching +

60

tempering

Table 3 (continued)
Material

Sectional

Rm MPa

dimension mm

Carburizing + quenching + tempering

30

1080

Secondary quenching + tempering

100

20CrMnTi

Carburizing + quenching + tempering

16CrMn

Carburizing + quenching + tempering

20CrMn

Carburizing + quenching + tempering

15Cr2Ni2

Carburizing + quenching + tempering

17Cr2Ni2Mo

Carburizing + quenching + tempering

trademark

20CrMnMo

20SiMn

35SiMn

42SiMn

28CrNi2MoV

20MnMo

35CrMo

Heat treatment condition

Normalizing + tempering

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Normalizing + tempering
18MnMoNb
(20MnMoNb)

Seasoning

Rp0.2 (ReL) A5 Z
MPa

AKU

AKDVM

% % (AKV) J

HB

(785)

7 40

835

(490)

15 40

31

15 (test sample)

1080

(835)

10 45

55

30

780~1080

590

10 40

31~63

640~930

440

11 40

30

980~1270

680

8 35

31~63

790~1080

540

10 35

30

880~1180

640

9 40

31~63

780~1080

540

10 40

30

1080~1320

790

8 35

31~63

980~1270

690

8 35

600

470

(265)

15 30

39

601~900

450

(255)

14 30

39

901~1200

440

(245)

14 30

39

135~179

100

785

(510)

15 45

47

235~286

101~300

735

(440)

14 35

39

301~400

685

(390)

13 30

35

401~500

635

(375)

11 28

31

196~255

100

784

(509)

15 45

39

235~286

101~200

735

(461)

14 42

29

201~300

686

(441)

13 40

29

301~500

637

(372)

10 40

25

500

780~930

(635)

14

41

235~280

501~1000

740~890

(590)

15

41

220~265

1001~1500

690~840

(540)

16

41

205~250

100~300

500

(305)

14 40

39

301~500

470

(275)

14 40

39

100

735

(540)

15 45

47

101~300

685

(490)

15 45

39

301~500

635

(440)

15 35

31

501~800

590

(390)

12 30

23

500

510

(315)

14 40

39

100~300

635

(490)

15 45

47

301~500

590

(440)

15 45

47

501~800

490

(345)

15 45

39

320
250

320

34

235~320

34

190~280

34

290~375

34

240~320

41

265~350

41

235~320

320~390
290~375
143~187

135~179

217~269
207~255

217~269
207~255
196~255

147~187
138~179
217~269

207~255
196~255
176~241

156~207
196~255

176~241
147~207

Table 3 (continued)

Material

Heat treatment

Sectional

trademark

condition

dimension mm

42MnMoV

20Cr2Ni4

34CrNi3Mo

40CrNiMo

18Cr2Ni4W

40CrMnMo

38CrMoAl

40Cr

50Cr

25CrMo

42CrMo

Rm
MPa

Rp0.2
(ReL)
MPa

A5

AKU
(AKV)
J

AKDVM
J

HB

100~300

760

(590)

12

40

31

301~500

705

(540)

12

35

23

501~800

635

(490)

12

35

23

15 (test sample)

1175

(1080)

10

45

62

100

900

785

14

40

54

101~300

855

735

14

38

47

301~500

805

685

13

35

31

241~286

80

980

(835)

12

55

78

295~341

Quenching +

81~100

980

(835)

11

50

74

tempering

101~150

980

(835)

10

45

70

151~250

980

(835)

40

66

295~341

80

1180

(835)

10

45

78

350

Quenching +

81~100

1180

(835)

40

74

tempering

101~150

1180

(835)

35

70

151~250

1180

(835)

30

66

350

100

885

(735)

12

45

39

269~321

101~300

835

(640)

12

42

39

301~500

785

(570)

12

40

31

501~800

735

(490)

12

35

23

30 (test sample)

980

(835)

14

50

70

100

735

(540)

15

45

39

101~300

685

(490)

14

45

31

301~500

635

(440)

10

35

23

501~800

590

(345)

30

16

100

835

(540)

10

40

101~300

785

(490)

10

40

17~40

780~930

590

14

55

41~100

690~830

460

15

60

101~160

640~780

410

16

60

100

900~1100

650

12

50

101~160

800~950

550

13

161~250

750~900

500

251~500

690~840

501~750

590~740

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

229~286
-

217~269
196~241

350
269~321

255~302

295~341
295~341

350
350

250~302
235~286
217~269

295~341
217~269

207~255
196~255
176~241

250~302
235~286

55

229~286

55

207~255

48

196~255

(35)

40

269~321

50

(35)

40

241~302

14

50

(35)

40

225~269

460

15

38

207~255

390

16

38

176~241

Table 3 (continued)

Material

Heat treatment

Sectional

trademark

condition

dimension mm

50CrMo

30Cr2Ni2Mo

34Cr2Ni2Mo

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seasoning

Rm
MPa

Rp0.2
(ReL)
MPa

A5

AKU
(AKV)
J

AKDVM
J

HB

100

900~1100

700

12

50

(30)

35

269~321

101~160

850~1000

650

13

50

(30)

35

255~302

161~250

800~950

550

14

50

(30)

35

214~302

251~500

740~890

540

14

31

225~269

501~750

690~840

490

15

31

207~255

100

1100~1300

900

10

45

(35)

40

325~369

101~160

1000~1200

800

11

50

(45)

50

302~341

161~250

900~1100

700

12

50

(45)

50

269~321

251~500

830~980

635

12

45

250~302

501~1000

780~930

590

12

45

229~286

100

1000~1200

800

11

50

(45)

50

302~341

101~160

900~1100

700

12

55

(45)

50

269~321

161~250

800~950

600

13

55

(45)

50

241~302

251~500

740~890

540

14

41

225~269

501~1000

690~840

490

15

41

207~255

Note 1: according to the provisions in Table 3, when the impact energy may be inspected in more than two methods, each of
them may be applied.
Note 2: While the forgings are required to measure the mechanical properties, the hardness value is only seen as reference, but
not as the basis of acceptance.
Note 3: If the forging shall endure three impacts, it is permissible that a unit value of the test sample is lower than the specified
value. But it shall not be lower than 70% of the specified value, and the arithmetic mean value of the three unit values of the test
sample shall not be lower than the specified value.

4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 While only the hardness of the forgings is required, the deviation of the surface hardness
of the same forging shall not exceed 40HB, and the relative difference of hardness of forgings
of the same batch shall not exceed 50HB. When the hardness of the forgings is accepted, the
Brinell hardness shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in Table 3.
4.4.2 For forgings with weight no greater than 1000kg, it shall at least measure the hardness at
one section (three points). For the forgings with weight greater than 1000kg, it shall at least
measure the hardness at the two edges and the middle of the forging.
4.5 Nondestructive testing
4.5.1 General requirements
The forging shall not be allowed to have such deficiencies as fish eyes, crackles, folds,

severe segregation and severe non-metallic inclusion gathering which may impact the
usability and the surface quality.
4.5.2 Ultrasonic test
While stated in the purchase contract, it shall specify the testing method and acceptance
standard for the ultrasonic test in the purchase contract or purchase technical agreement.

5. Testing requirements and methods


5.1 Chemical composition analysis
5.1.1 Smelting analysis
5.1.1.1 For each furnace or package of molten steel, it may be sampled for the measurement
of the chemical composition of the molten steel while cast. If several furnaces of molten steel
are cast at the same time, the analytical result of the weighted average shall be reported.
5.1.1.2 While smelting analysis may not be conducted, it is permitted using product analysis
as smelting analysis. And the analytical result shall be in accordance with the requirements of
product analysis.
5.1.2 Product analysis
The test sample for product analysis may be taken from the body of the forging or its
prolongation. For disk or other solid forgings, sample shall be taken at the one third section of
the radius; for hollow or annular forgings, sample shall be taken at half section of the wall
thickness. It may take test sample of mechanical property.
5.1.3 The chemical composition analysis shall be carried out in the methods under GB/T 223
or other methods which are able to guarantee the quality of the analysis.
5.2 Test of mechanical property
5.2.1 Determination of the forging's sectional dimension
5.2.1.1 The sectional dimension of the solid forging shall be determined according to the
nominal diameter or thickness of the rough machined forging; while the diameters of the
forgings are different, the maximum diameter shall be adopted.
5.2.1.2 The sectional dimension of the annular or cylinder forgings shall be determined
according to the normal thickness or height of the rough machined forgings, but maximum
value between wall thickness and height shall be taken.
5.2.2 Testing items and sampling number
5.2.2.1 It shall select the groups and test items according to Appendix A and Table 4. While
the forgings are required to test its hardness, it shall be executed according to Article 4.4.2.

Table 4 Testing items and provisions


Forging
group

Testing items

Hardness

Hardness

Sampling provisions

Grouping conditions

Mechanical property

Rigidity

5 % of each batch of forgings

Identical material trademark

and heat treating furnace

being tested, but at least five


pieces

Single piece

Test piece by piece

2 % of each batch of forgings,

Stretching, impact,
hardness

Identical material trademark but at least 2 pieces; a set of


and heat treating furnace

test samples for each forging

Test piece by piece

piece

Stretching, impact,
hardness

Single piece

Take a set of test samples, and


test piece by piece

Test piece by piece

Note 1: If the sampling number is calculated in percentage terms, the remainder will be counted as unit piece.
Note 2: A batch refers to the forgings which are with identical furnace number, from identical heat treating furnace and with
identical or approximate physical dimension.

5.2.2.2 If the forging is required to conduct stretching and impact tests, each group of samples
shall be comprised of one sample for stretching test, two for impact test (AKU) or one for
stretching test and three for impact test (AKV or AKDVM).
5.2.3 Sampling location and direction
5.2.3.1 Except that the contract or standard permits using simulation specimen for
replacement, the stretching and impact samples may taken from the extension part of the
forging (stretch section or increment part).
5.2.3.2 While the diameter or side length for the rectangular is no greater than 250mm, in
general, test sample in vertical orientation shall be taken from the prolonged end of the
forging.
5.2.3.3 While the sampling location is not specified in the purchasing design, it may take
sampling according to the following conditions:
a) Test sample of solid shaft forgings shall be taken from one third radius section to the
surface, and the test sample of square and rectangle forgings shall be taken one third section
between the diagonal peak to the center (see Figure 1).
b) Test sample of hollow cylinder forgings shall be taken at half of the wall thickness
(see Figure 2).
c) For disk forging, while sample is taken from the increment part of the exterior
diameter, it shall be taken at half of the height; while taken from extension part, it shall be
taken on one third of the radius away from exterior margin (see Figure 3).
d) For annular forging, while sample is taken from the increment part of the exterior
diameter, it shall be taken at half of the height; while taken from extension part, it shall be
taken on half section of the wall thickness (see Figure 4).

10

Figure 1 Shaft or square and rectangle forging


Figure 2 Hollow cylinder forging

Figure 3 Disk forging

Figure 4 Annular forging

5.2.3.4 Sampling direction


a) For shaft forgings, cylinder forgings and forgings mainly of drawing-out deformation,
their stretching and impact tests shall take shaft direction (vertical direction). While the
purchase contract or design state they shall take tangential direction or lateral direction, their
mechanical properties shall be lower by percentage stated in Table 5 compared with specified
values in Table 3 (vertical direction).
b) Annular forgings, disk forgings and forgings mainly of upsetting deformation, their
stretching and impact samples shall take the principal deformation direction, namely,
tangential direction (circumferential direction).
Table 5 Reduction of tangential and lateral mechanical property index
Mechanical properties

Forging ratio

Sampling direction
5

>5

Tangential direction

Lateral direction

Rp0.2

Tangential direction

(ReL)

Lateral direction

Tangential direction

25

40

Lateral direction

25

40

Tangential direction

20

40

Rm

A5
Z

11

AK

Lateral direction

20

40

Tangential direction

25

40

Lateral direction

25

40

5.2.4 Testing methods


5.2.4.1 The stretching test shall be executed according to provisions under GB/T 228.
5.2.4.2 The impact test shall be executed according to provisions under GB/T 229, and AKDVM
test shall be executed according to the provisions in Appendix A of JB/T 6397 - 1992.
5.2.4.3 The hardness testing shall be executed according to the provisions under GB/T 2311.
5.3 Retesting
5.3.1 If any test result of the stretching test disqualifies, two samples near to the original
sample for retest. The retesting results of the two samples shall both meet the requirements in
the provisions.
5.3.2 The impact test shall be in accordance with the following provisions:
a) In AKV or AKDVM impact test, if the arithmetic mean value of a set of impact samples is
no less than the specified value, and one of them is no less than 70 % of the specified value,
retest is not required; if not, a set of samples shall be taken close to the

identical product for

retesting, the arithmetic mean value of the two sets of samples shall be no less than the
provided requirements, the number of the single values less than the specified value shall not
be greater than two, and only one is allowed to be less than 70 % of the specified value.
b) In AkU impact test, if any test result of the stretching test disqualifies, two samples
near to the original sample for retest. The retesting results of the two samples shall both meet
the requirements in the provisions.
5.3.3 If the forgings fail the mechanical property test due to flakes and crackles, they shall not
be retested.
5.4 Another heat treatment
While the forgings fail any retest of mechanical properties, they shall be endured another
heat treatment and samples shall be taken. The times of heat treatment shall not exceed two,
but the times of tempering are not limited.

6. Acceptance and certificate


6.1 While the chemical composition, mechanical property, appearance, dimension and
tolerance of the forgings are in accordance with the requirements under the purchase contract,
they shall be accepted.
6.2 The supplier shall provide any condition necessary for the buyer's accepters, so that the
accepters may conduct field inspection successfully. The accepters shall not cause any
disturbance to the manufacturing of the supplier.
6.3 The buyer is entitled to select some of the test items for acceptance. In the acceptance or
the future processing, if the buyer finds the forgings do not meet the supplemented technical
requirements stated in this standard and the purchase contract, the buyer shall notify the
supplier immediately and settle it through negotiation on both sides.
6.4 The supplier shall provide the buyer with certificate, which shall at least include the
following items:

12

a) Contract number;
b) Forging drawing number;
c) Design code material trademark;
d) Smelting process, hearth number and forging identification number;
e) Smelting analysis result;
f) Actual forging ratio;
g) Inspection report of mechanical properties;
h) Inspection report of ultrasonic test;
i) Results of other tests and tests required by buyer for supplementing;
j) Physical dimension and weight in delivery.

7. Mark and package


7.1 The supplier shall marked contract number, drawing number, hearth number,
identification number and plant name at the position equivalent to the under-part end face of
the steel ingot, and circle in white paint.
7.2 The supplier shall provide protection for the external surface of each forging, in order to
prevent them from damage or corrosion in transportation and storage.

13

Appendix A
(Informative)
The Properties and Functions of Steel
Table A.1 the Properties and Functions of Steel
Material

Properties and Functions

trademark
20SiMn

30SiMn

28CrNi2MoV

Possess of certain strength and toughness, high welding performance; applicable to electroslag welding and
heavy-sectional wall-thick parts.
Possess of strength and wearability, favorable toughness and fatigue resistance, poor welding performance,
moderate cold-working plasticity; generally applicable to various medium- and small-size shaft and gear.
Of high strength, toughness and hardness; mainly applicable to heavy-section and heavy-load crankshaft, and
eccentric shaft.
A sort of preferable carburizing steel with high hardness and favorable machining quality. It can acquire

16CrMn

satisfactory surface hardness and wearability when being used for parts with bigger dimensions; mainly
applicable to gear, gear wheel shaft, worm-wheel shaft, endless screw, shaft sleeve bolt.
A sort of favorable carburizing steel, or may be used for hardened and tempered steel, but not suitable for welding

20CrMn

due to its weak welding performance; it may also be used for parts which have moderate cross section and sustain
medium pressure but without heavy impact load, such as gear, shaft, endless screw, main shaft, rotating joint and
Hookes universal joint.
Similar to 20MnCr in performance, it acquires hardening/wearable surface, extremely tough centre and higher

20CrMnTi low-temperature impact toughness, and favorable non-cutting working performance; applicable to gear, gear
wheel shaft, gear ring and crosshead.
20MnMo

Of good welding performance, applicable to pressure vessel under moderate temperature, such as shell cover, low
cover and cylinder.
A sort of steel with high strength, toughness, adequate hot strength at below 500 and good welding

25CrMo

performance (when Mn, Cr and Mo content reaches their lower limit respectively), chiefly applicable to shaft,
press plate and connecting rod.

35CrMo

Possess of high strength, toughness and hardness, and teeny deformation during quenching; applicable to
heavy-section gear and heavy transmission shaft.
Better than 35CrMo steel at strength and hardness, used for making forgings that higher in strength than 35CrMo

42CrMo

steel or bigger in refining cross section, such as locomotive traction gearwheel, supercharger driving gear, rear
shaft, link rod, reductor, connecting shaft, Hookes universal joint, and the bolt, nut and cushion ring with 8.8
grade strength and with diameter up to 100mm.
Better than 42CrMo at strength and hardness, chiefly applicable to the parts with bigger section, such as shaft,

50CrMo

gear, piston and fastening piece which have 8.8 grade strength and 100mm~160mm diameter, but generally, it is
used after quenching and tempering.

20CrMnMo A sort of advanced carburizing steel, used in carburizing parts with demanding surface hardness and wearability.
18MnMoNb Heat durability is below 500 and its welding and processing ability are good applicable to chemical and
(20MnMoNb)) engineering pressure vessel, working cylinder of water press, and main shaft in the turbine.

14

Table A.1 (Continued)


Material

Properties and Functions

trademark
42MnMoV

15Cr2Ni4

Substitute for 42CrMo steel in making shaft and gear. The degree of its surface hardening is
45HRC~55HRC.
A sort of carburizing chrome nickel steel which possesses high strength and toughness, chiefly used for
loaded driving gear part, universal shaft, shaft and piston rod. The welding performance is not high.
A sort of high-class chromium and nickel carburizing steel. Since its high nickeliferous content leading to its

20Cr2Ni4

high strength and toughness, it acquires very high hardness and wearability after carburization. Chiefly used
for high load carburizing elements such as driving gear, endless screw, shaft and universal yoke.

17Cr2Ni2Mo

A sort of high-class carburizing steel with high strength and toughness. Applied in driving mediums such as
gear and angle gear, parts in a reductor, butterfly tyre and friction piece.
High-class hardened and tempered steel of chromium, nickel and molybdenum, with high strength,

30Cr2Ni2Mo

toughness and hardness. Chiefly applied in parts of high load and large size in heavy-duty machines, such as
turbine rotor, leaf blade, heavy-load driving medium, bolting, crankshaft and gear.

34Cr2Ni2Mo
34CrNi3Mo
18Cr2Ni4W

Similar to 30Cr2Ni2Mo in performance. Used in making screw nail, turn-screw, worm-wheel shaft, pinion
shaft and rack pinion.
Its characteristics and functions are similar to those of 30Cr2Ni2Mo.
Used in sustain dynamic loading and parts that demand strength. Such as crankshaft, gear wheel shaft and
other strength members.
A sort of advanced nitriding steel with high nitriding performance. After nitriding, it can acquire high

38CrMoAl

surface hardness, high fatigue strength, but without temper brittleness, it has favorable heat resistance (up to
500) and corrosion resistance; applicable to various parts that require nitriding, such as cylinder liner,
gear, high-pressure value rod and valve pin.
Of high surface hardness and preferable wearability after carburization. The steel possesses high welding
performance, high plasticity under cold deformation, and preferable machinability; usually applied in

20Cr

carburizing parts that demand high centre strength and large surface wearing dimension, such as gear, gear
wheel shaft and piston pin. The carburizing hardness is 56HRC~62HRC, while its annealing hardness is less
than 197HB.
The tensile yield strength of the steel is higher than that of the corresponding carbon steel's; it also has

40Cr

favorable hardness; it acquires comprehensive good mechanical properties after thermal refining; applicable
to gear, casing, shaft, crankshaft and crank lever.

50Cr

42SiMn
40CrMnMo

Steel possesses quite high strength after oil quenching and high-temperature tempering. Used to manufacture
heavy-loaded and fricative parts, such as gear, piston pin, link rod and bearing.
Of poor toughness, cracking easily during surface quenching, and applied to parts such as gear, gear wheel
shaft and shaft
Used to make bolts, nuts, cushion rings and dowels which are of heavy-load-bearing ability

15

S-ar putea să vă placă și