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Straight line
Gradient form: y = m + b
General form: A + By + C = 0
Midpoint: mp = (1 + 2 , y1 + y2 )
P=
Gradient: m = y2-y1
2-1
Perpendicular distance
A1 + By1 + C
A2 + B2
m = tan
Geometrical Properties
Parallelograms:
Two opposite sides equal and
parallel or
Opposite sides are equal or
Opposite angles are equal or
Diagonals bisect each other
Rhombus:
All sides equal or
Diagonals bisect each other at right
angles
Rectangle:
All angles are right angles or
Parallelogram with equal diagonals
Square:
All sides equal and one angle right
or
All angles right and two adjacent
sides equal.
Tests for congruent triangles
SSS
SAS
AAS
RHS
AA
Corresponding sides proportional
(SSS)
Two sides are proportional and
included angles are equal (SAS)
Applications of Differentiation
Logarithmic Functions
loge =
logef() =
Integration
1
n d = n+1 n+1 + c
d = loge = c
d = logef() + c
Log laws
logee2 = 2logee = 2
Volume of revolution
V = ba [ f() ]2 d
2.5
2
1.5
1
Approximating integrals
0.5
Simpsons Rule
0
0
Trapezoidal Rule
10
Trigonometric Functions
A = h [ f(a) + f(b) ]
Arc length
l = r
area of sector
A = r2
y = sin
Exponential functions
e = e
1.5
1
ec = cec
0.5
0
0
-0.5
-1
ec d =
-1.5
Period = 2
Amplitude = 1
y = cos
ec + k
1.5
1
8
0.5
7
0
5
4
-1
-1.5
1
0
-3
-2
-1
-4
-0.5
Period = 2
Amplitude = 1
y = tan
Decay y = Ae-k
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Exponential Growth
If the rate of change is proportional
to P, ie dP/dt = kP
Then P = Poekt
Exponential Decay
If dP/dt = -kP
Then P = Poe-kt
Where Po is the initial value of P
k is the constant of proportionality
P is the amount of quantity present at
time t
Period =
=1
Derivatives
sin = cos
cos = -sin
tan = sec2
Integrals
sina d = -1/a cos + c
cosa d = 1/a sin + c
sec2a d = 1/a tan + c
Rates of Change
The rate of change of some physical
quantity Q is defined as dQ/dt
Given Q = f(t) then rate of change,
dQ/dt = f (t)
Given the rate of change, R = dQ/dt,
then Q = R dt
Kinematics
Displacement =
Velocity = v = d/dt
Acceleration = a = dv/dt = d2/dt2
= v dt
v = a dt
Tn = a + (n-1)d
Sn = n/2 (a+l) or
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n-1)d]
Geometric Series
Tn = arn-1
Sn =
if r > 1
Sn =
if r < 1
S =
where
<1
Compound Interest
A=P
Superannuation
If e = a, then = logea
Growth y = aek
A2 = P
n = number of years
and r =
Time payments
Probability
Probability of an event occurring =
Parabolas
(-b)2 = 4a(y-c)
where (b,c) is the vertex
a is the focal length