Review of European policy frameworks regarding to LE

What EU policies do address function of landscape elements/ hedges?

Review of 75 EU policy documents

1.

Quantitative review ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.1

Quantitative review by document type .............................................................................. 3

1.2

Quantitative review by theme.............................................................................................. 3

2. Qualitative review: Main documents that address function of landscape elements/

hedges .................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1
State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass used for electricity,
heating and cooling in the EU ......................................................................................................... 4
2.2

Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 ................ 4

2.3

Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora ......................................... 5

2.4
Carbon impacts of biomass consumed in the EU - Review of literature on biogenic
carbon and life cycle assessment of forest bioenergy ................................................................ 5
2.5

European Landscape Convention ...................................................................................... 6

2.6

Common agricultural policy ................................................................................................. 7

3.

Transnational agreed statement on EU policy ......................................................................... 8

4.

List of reviewed documents....................................................................................................... 10

5
Waste

1
Planning

2
Health

5
Forestry

22
Environment

18
Energy

9
Economy and Enterprise

7
Climate

6
Agriculture

17
Report
2
Assessment
3
Decision
1
Information note
15
Directive
2
Resolution
1
Guide
2
MEMO
1
Proposal for a directive
1
Convention
5
Regulation
17
Communication
7
Working document

1.
Quantitative review

1.1 Quantitative review by document type

9

2
Hedge

1
Landscape

1.2 Quantitative review by theme

12

10

Hedge

Landscape

2.

Qualitative review: Main documents that address function of

landscape elements/ hedges

2.1 State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass used for
electricity, heating and cooling in the EU
Type

Category

Main statements

Working

Energy

Biomass use in the EU is Energy

document

Perspective

Synergies
No

mainly based on processing

and

harvesting

(including

residues

landscape

care

wood).

2.2 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020
Type

Category

Resolution/

Environment/ Facilitate collaboration Biodiversity

communication Biodiversity

Main statements

among

farmers

foresters

to

Perspective Synergies

and

achieve

Enhancing
ecosystem
services and

continuity of landscape

resilience

features.

against
climate
change

Restoration

of Biodiversity

Opportunities

ecosystems leads to

for

enhanced

from multiple

ecosystem

benefits

services

services

Active management of Biodiversity

Climate

natural resources by

change

farming is an important
tool

to

combat

biodiversity loss and

contributes

to

mitigating and adapting

to climate change
High

Nature

Value

(HNV) areas

Diversification of the Economic

agricultural

Biodiversity

sector:

Adding value to rural

products and services
associated
specific

with
natural

or

landscape elements

2.3 Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora

Type

Category

Directive

Environment/ Land-use
biodiversity

Main statements

Perspective Synergies

planning

and Biodiversity

No

development policies should

encourage the management
of features of the landscape
which

are

of

major

importance for wild fauna

and flora

2.4 Carbon impacts of biomass consumed in the EU - Review of literature on

biogenic carbon and life cycle assessment of forest bioenergy
Type

Category

Main statements

Perspective

Report

Climate

Biomass use in the EU is Climate

change/

mainly based on processing change/

Synergies
No

Energy

and

harvesting

(including

residues Energy

landscape

care

wood).

2.5 European Landscape Convention

Type

Category

Main statements

Perspective

Synergies

Convention/ Environment Certain natural and/or Environmental/ Agriculture

report

historic

elements

of historic

places may be given

particular

attention

in

order to preserve their

specific c role, particular
historical meaning, and
environmental
other

potential,

and
for

example, in parts of the

territory

devoted

to

agriculture, e.g. hedges.

The instruments used
may range from forms
of legal protection to
grants to owners and
farmers for upkeep.

Inclusion

of

the Environmental/ Landscape

landscape in sectoral historic

plans

policies and instruments

studies

and

should

be

part

of

energy
management
programmes

2.6 Common agricultural policy

Type

Category

Main statements

Agriculture/

Retention

Environment features

Perspective

of
(e.

landscape
f.

hedges),

including a ban on cutting

hedges and trees during the
bird breeding and rearing
season.

The

creation

of

"buffer

zones" for high nature value

areas, Natura 2000 or other
biodiversity protection sites,
including along hedgerows
and the management
(pruning, trimming, dates,
methods,

restoration)

of

landscape features (trees,

hedgerows, ) are named
as equivalent practices for
ecological focus areas.
Experience has shown that
certain landscape features
of the fields, in particular
hedges,
stonewalls,
considered

ditches

and

should
part

of

be
the

eligible area for area-related

direct payments.
Where certain landscape

Synergies

features,

in

particular

hedges, ditches and walls,

are traditionally part of good
agriculture
utilisation

cropping

or

practices

on

agricultural area in certain

regions,
may

Member

decide

States

that

the

corresponding area shall be

considered
eligible

part
area

of

the

of

an

agricultural parcel

3.

Transnational agreed statement on EU policy

Although landscape elements are part of current EU policies, such as CAP 20142020, EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 and the European Landscape Convention.,
there is a lack of cross-sectoral legislation and an integrated vision is absent. The
fact that hedges are a multifunctional landscape feature (biodiversity, ecosystem
services for agricultural production, landscape aesthetic, cultural and historic value,
source for energy, integrated pest management, and economic-ecological-corridor) is
not expressed appropriately in EU policies. TWECOM encourages policymakers to
recognise the multiple benefits of hedgerow systems in a cross-sector policy,
especially when developing a future vision on the role of biomass for a sustainable
energy transition that goes hand-in-hand with ecological needs. TWECOM has
developed policy guidelines to further strengthen the role of hedges as communitybuilders and energy-sources.
TWECOM suggests to revise the role of hedges in the CAP 2014-2020. Currently it is
at the discretion of each member state to include hedges as a practice to fulfil the
requirements of ecological focus areas (EFAs). Because of the outstanding
importance of hedges, especially for already vastly cleared and intensively used
agricultural areas, we consider it necessary to include hedges as a permanent and

EU wide option for EFAs. Additionally, we suggest to include further differentiations in

the weighting of EFA practices regarding to hedges. Hedges that are properly
managed and whose biomass is used for energy production should be given more
recognition and weight than hedges that are just minimally maintained. Furthermore
we encourage policy makers to revise the rules of adjacency. Using a system that
allows farmers to manage hedges that are not part of their own agricultural land and
add those to their own EFA would mean an incentive for the management of hedges.
Furthermore biomass from landscape elements needs to be considered as a product,
not as residue or waste that needs to be disposed, transported and processed
according to the terms of waste. Using biomass from hedges in some kind of local
product-cascade is a valuable process-tool for the promotion of hedge-products in
our society.
Additionally the planting of new hedges should be encouraged. Thereby we consider
it necessary to start investigations and discussions about the permanence of newly
planted hedges. On the one hand the consideration of hedges as a less permanent
landscape element could encourage farmers to plant new hedges, because they
would have the option to (re)move them if e.g. their agricultural production activities
change. On the other hand, any permanent removal of hedges involves
environmental impacts and the loss their other functions. Relaxing the protection of
newly planted hedges (e.g. in the cross compliance regulations) is a challenge.
However, hedges do not unfold their ecological potential if they are just preserved;
they need to be managed actively to increase their multiple functions.
However, a good management of hedges that improves ecosystems and habitats can
cause problematic consequences for farmers. Based on the Birds Directive and the
Habitats Directive farmers can be forced to refrain from certain agricultural production
methods and to take additional protection-measures if species protected by the Birds
and Habitat Directive (Red List Species) are found. Thus, farmers are not
encouraged to increase the ecological value of hedges by good management
measures. In fact, a measure that is taken to protect nature causes big opposition to
make farmers participate on maintenance of hedges. This is another example for a
lack of cross-sectoral policies and a dilemma that has to be taken into account when
further developing EU policies.

4.

List of reviewed documents

Author

Year

Title

Key words

Category

Type

Ad Hoc Working

2014

Recommendations on the framework conditions for the extraction

landscape

Economy

1 Report

Group (AHWG)

of non-energy raw materials in the European Union

and
Enterprise

Council of Europe 2000

Council of Europe 2006

Council of Europe 2006

Council of Europe 2010

European Landscape Convention and reference documents

hedge;

Environm

11 Coventi

landscape

ent

on

Landscape and sustainable development: Challenges of the

Environm

1 Report

European Landscape Convention

ent

Landscape and sustainable development: Challenges of the

Environm

European Landscape Convention

ent

Council of Europe Conference of Ministers responsible for

hedge;

Spatial

Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT) Basic texts 1970 2010

landscape;

planning

1 Report

1 Report

shrub
Council of Europe op.
2012

Landscape facets Reflections and proposals for the

hedge;

Environm

implementation of the European Landscape Convention

landscape;

ent

1 Report

shrub
Council of Europe 2013

An EU strategy on adaptation to climate change

Climate

13 Commu
nication

Council of Europe 2014

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective

hedge; shrub Health

measures against the introduction into the Community of

5 Council
directive

organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their

spread within the Community
Council of

2014

DIRECTIVE 2003/87/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

Europe;

AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 October 2003 establishing a

European

scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the

Parliament

Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC

Ecofys & Golder

PERMITTING OF BIOENERGY INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU-27

Climate

6 Directive

Energy

1 Report

Energy

15 Workin

Associates &
European
Commission
EUROPEAN

RESULTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ON THE

landscape

COMMISSION

"STOCKTAKING DOCUMENT TOWARDS A NEW ENERGY

STRATEGY FOR EUROPE 2011-2020"

document

EUROPEAN

State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass

hedge;

COMMISSION

used for electricity, heating and cooling in the EU

landscape

Energy

15 Workin
g
document

EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

1986

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the

environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is
used in agriculture; ( 86 / 278 / EEC)

Waste

5 Council
directive

EUROPEAN

1991

COMMISSION

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 December 1991 concerning the

Agricultur

5 Council

protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from

directive

Waste

5 Council

agricultural sources; (91 / 676 /EEC)

EUROPEAN

1999

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill

of waste

2000

directive

COMMISSION STATEMENT

Environm

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN

ent
2000

COMMISSION

DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

Environm

AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a

ent

6 Directive

framework for Community action in the field of water policy

EUROPEAN

2000

COMMISSION

DIRECTIVE 2000/76/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

Waste

6 Directive

Energy

13 Commu

AND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 December 2000 on the incineration

of waste

EUROPEAN

2001

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC

nication

AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE

REGIONS on the implementation of the Community Strategy and
Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources (1998 2000)
COM(2001) 69 final
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

2002

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION Implementation of Council

hedge;

Agricultur

Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against

landscape

1 Report

pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources Synthesis

from year 2000 Member States reports; COM(2002) 407 final
EUROPEAN

2003

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Forestry

COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT FOREST LAW

13 Commu
nication

ENFORCEMENT, GOVERNANCE AND TRADE (FLEGT)

PROPOSAL FOR AN EU ACTION PLAN COM (2003) 251 final
EUROPEAN

2005

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Biomass action

Energy

plan {SEC(2005) 1573}

2006

13 Commu
nication

Annexes to the COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION

HALTING THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY BY 2010 AND

COMMISSION

BEYOND Sustaining ecosystem services for human wellbeing

{COM(2006)216 final} TECHNICAL ANNEX
EUROPEAN

2006

COMMISSION

Commission staff working document - Annex to the

Communication from the Commission - Halting the loss of

landscape

Environm

15 Workin

ent

biodiversity by 2010 - and beyond - Sustaining ecosystem services

document

for human wellbeing {COM(2006)216 final} - Impact assessment

/* SEC/2006/0607 */
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

2006

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION HALTING THE

Environm

13 Commu

LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY BY 2010 AND BEYOND Sustaining

ent

nication

ecosystem services for human wellbeing {SEC(2006) 607}

{SEC(2006) 621}

EUROPEAN

2008

COMMISSION

DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

Waste

6 Directive

Waste

1 Report

Energy

1 Report

Climate

1 Report

Assessment of the EU Biodiversity Action Plan as a tool for

Environm

2 Assessm

implementing biodiversity policy

ent

ent

Biodiversity: Assessment confirms EU has missed 2010 target, but

Environm

2 Assessm

important lessons learned

ent

ent

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT State of play in

Energy

15 Workin

AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 November 2008 on waste and

repealing certain Directives

EUROPEAN

2008

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN

European Union {SEC(2008) 2936}

2009

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN

GREEN PAPER On the management of bio-waste in the

BENCHMARK OF BIOENERGY PERMITTING PROCEDURES IN landscape

THE EUROPEAN UNION

2009

COMMISSION

WHITE PAPER Adapting to climate change: Towards a European

landscape

framework for action {SEC(2009) 386} {SEC(2009) 387}

{SEC(2009) 388}; COM(2009) 147 final

EUROPEAN

2010

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN

2010

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

2010

the EU energy policy Accompanying document to the

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

document

COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS Energy 2020 A strategy for competitive,
sustainable and secure energy {COM(2010) 639}

EUROPEAN

2010

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

landscape

Energy

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

13 Commu
nication

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

OF THE REGIONS Energy 2020 A strategy for competitive,
sustainable and secure energy {SEC(2010) 1346}; COM(2010)
639 final
EUROPEAN

2010

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION on indirect land-use change

Energy

1 Report

Energy

1 Report

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND

Environm

1 Report

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THE 2010 ASSESSMENT OF

ent

related to biofuels and bioliquids

2010

COMMISSION

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on sustainability requirements for
the use of solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity,
heating and cooling SEC(2010) 65 final SEC(2010) 66 final

EUROPEAN

2010

COMMISSION

IMPLEMENTING THE EU BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN

SEC(2010) 1163 SEC(2010) 1164 SEC(2010) 1165
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

2011

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE ECONOMIC
AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE
REGIONS Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU
biodiversity strategy to 2020 {SEC(2011) 540 final} {SEC(2011)

landscape

Environm

13 Commu

ent

nication

541 final}
EUROPEAN

2011

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

landscape

Environm

13 Commu

ent

nication

Economy

15 Workin

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

and

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

Enterprise document

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE ECONOMIC

AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE
REGIONS Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU
biodiversity strategy to 2020 {SEC(2011) 540 final} {SEC(2011)
541 final}

EUROPEAN

2011

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

landscape

OF REGIONS
EUROPEAN

2011

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

hedge;

Environm

15 Workin

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

landscape;

ent

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

shrub

document

OF THE REGIONS
EUROPEAN

2011

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Economy

13 Commu

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

and

nication

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

Enterprise

OF THE REGIONS A resource-efficient Europe Flagship

initiative under the Europe 2020 Strategy; COM(2011) 21
EUROPEAN

2011

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Economy

13 Commu

COMMISSION

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

and

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

Enterprise

nication

OF THE REGIONS A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low

carbon economy in 2050 {SEC(2011) 287 final} {SEC(2011) 288
final} {SEC(2011) 289 final}
EUROPEAN

2011

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Economy

13 Commu

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

and

nication

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

Enterprise

OF THE REGIONS A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low

carbon economy in 2050 {SEC(2011) 287 final} {SEC(2011) 288
final} {SEC(2011) 289 final}
EUROPEAN

2011

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Economy

13 Commu

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

and

nication

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

Enterprise

OF THE REGIONS Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe

{SEC(2011) 1067 final} {SEC(2011) 1068 final}; COM(2011) 571
final
EUROPEAN

2011

EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 - Council conclusions

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

2011

Resource-efficient Europe

Environm

4 Informati

ent

on note

Economy

9 MEMO

and

Enterprise
EUROPEAN

2012

COMMISSION

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT IMPACT

shrub

Energy

15 Workin

ASSESSMENT Accompanying the document Proposal for a

Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending

document

Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels

and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use
of energy from renewable sources {COM(2012) 595 final}
{SWD(2012) 344 final}
EUROPEAN

2012

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Economy

13 Commu

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

and

nication

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

Enterprise

OF THE REGIONS Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A

Bioeconomy for Europe {SWD(2012) 11 final}
EUROPEAN

2012

COMMISSION

Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

Energy

10 Propos

AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to

al for a

the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive

directive

2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable

sources (Text with EEA relevance) {SWD(2012) 343 final}
{SWD(2012) 344 final}; COM(2012) 595 final
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

2012

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN

Environm

PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC

ent

1 Report

AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE

REGIONS The implementation of the Soil Thematic Strategy and
ongoing activities
EUROPEAN

2013

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Energy

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Implementing

13 Commu
nication

the Energy Efficiency Directive Commission Guidance

{SWD(2013) 445 final} {SWD(2013) 446 final} {SWD(2013) 447
final} {SWD(2013) 448 final} {SWD(2013) 449 final} {SWD(2013)
450 final} {SWD(2013) 451 final}
EUROPEAN

2013

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Energy

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Implementing

13 Commu
nication

the Energy Efficiency Directive Commission Guidance

{SWD(2013) 445 final} {SWD(2013) 446 final} {SWD(2013) 447
final} {SWD(2013) 448 final} {SWD(2013) 449 final} {SWD(2013)
450 final} {SWD(2013) 451 final}
EUROPEAN

2013

COMMISSION

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Forestry

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

13 Commu
nication

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

OF THE REGIONS A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the
forest-based sector {SWD(2013) 342 final} {SWD(2013) 343 final}
EUROPEAN

2013

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE

Forestry

13 Commu

COMMISSION

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN

nication

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE

OF THE REGIONS A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the
forest-based sector {SWD(2013) 342 final} {SWD(2013) 343 final}
EUROPEAN

2014

Adaptation to climate change

Climate

1 Report

2014

The European Bioeconomy: making the concept a reality

Economy

9 MEMO

COMMISSION
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION

and
Enterprise

EUROPEAN

2015

COMMISSION

European

Climate

3 Commis

certain time-limits laid down in Article 9 and Article 11(1) of that

sion

Decision

decision

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the

hedge;

Environm

5 Council

Economic

conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora; (OJ L

landscape;

ent

directive

Community

206, 22.7.1992, p. 7)

shrub

Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy

landscape

Environm

7 Resoluti

ent

on

Environm

7 Resoluti

ent

on

European

1992

amending Decision 2010/670/EU as regards the extension of

2011

Parliament

to 2020 European Parliament resolution of 20 April 2012 on our

life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to
2020 (2011/2307(INI))

European
Parliament

2011

Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy

to 2020 European Parliament resolution of 20 April 2012 on our

landscape

life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to

2020 (2011/2307(INI))
European

2013

Parliament

Decision No 529/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Forestry

Council of 21 May 2013 on accounting rules on greenhouse gas

14 Decisio
n

emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land

use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning
actions relating to those activities
European

2011

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February

Agricultur

12 Regulat

Parliament;

2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the

ion

Council of Europe

European Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules

Energy

6 Directive

Climate

6 Directive

as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended

for human consumption and implementing Council Directive
97/78/EC as regards certain samples and items exempt from
veterinary checks at the border under that Directive
European Union

2009

DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the
use of energy from renewable sources and amending and
subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC

European Union

2009

Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to
improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance

trading scheme of the Community

European Union

2009

Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Energy

6 Directive

Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of

Agricultur

12 Regulat

the Council of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as

ion

Climate

14 Decisio

Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards

the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a
mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the
specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and
repealing Directive 93/12/EEC
European Union

2009

regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for

human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002
(Animal by-products Regulation)
European Union

2010

Commission Decision of 3 November 2010 laying down criteria

and measures for the financing of commercial demonstration
projects that aim at the environmentally safe capture and
geological storage of CO2 as well as demonstration projects of
innovative renewable energy technologies under the scheme for
greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community
established by Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council (notified under document C(2010) 7499)

European Union

European Union

2010

2010

Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Environm

Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds

ent

Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Environm

Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated

ent

6 Directive

6 Directive

pollution prevention and control)

European Union

2010

Regulation (EU) No 995/2010 of the European Parliament and of

Forestry

the Council of 20 October 2010 laying down the obligations of

12 Regulat
ion

operators who place timber and timber products on the marketText

with EEA relevance
European Union

2011

Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February 2011

Agricultur

12 Regulat

implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European

ion

Agricultur

12 Regulat

ion

Energy

6 Directive

Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules as regards

animal by-products and derived products not intended for human
consumption and implementing Council Directive 97/78/EC as
regards certain samples and items exempt from veterinary checks
at the border under that DirectiveText with EEA relevance
European Union

European Union

2011

2012

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 749/2011 of 29 July 2011

Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending
Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives

2004/8/EC and 2006/32/ECText with EEA relevance

FAO

Guide to implementation of phytosanitary standards in forestry

landscape;

Health

8 Guide

Energy

1 Report

Environm

1 Report

shrub
The Research

2014

Agency of the

Review of literature on biogenic carbon and life cycle assessment

hedge;

of forest bioenergy

landscape;

Forestry

shrub

Commission
UNEP;

2012

REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH MEETING OF THE

Convention on

CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON

Biological

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Diversity

landscape

ent