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dM
= 0 (depends on beam geometry
dx
and
x , max =
M max
ymax
I
The neutral axis of a component loaded in bending passes through the centroid of the beam
cross section.
Position of centroid of an area (the beam cross section)
Ay
n
= yi dA i
i =1
Its the idea, rather than the equation, for sections comprising known shapes.
Second moment of area about an axis through the centroid of an area (the beam cross section)
I
n 2
= y dA i
i =1 i
Again, its the idea, rather than the equation, for sections comprising known shapes.
Includes subtraction of areas to avoid applying parallel axis theorem if possible.
and about an axis that does not pass through the centroid (Parallel axis theorem).
I
2
=I +a A
x
Second moment of area about an axis through the centroid of standard areas
Rectangle
Circle
I=
BD 3
12
I=
D 4
64
EI
d 2v
=M
dx 2
Boundary conditions: Positions of known (i.e. zero) slope and deflection
M = M 0 [x a ]
M = W [x a ]
UDL, w
w
2
M = [x a ]
2
Summary:
Bending stress
Deflection
Method of sections (incl. Macaulay step
functions)
Determinate
Indeterminate
Integrate loading function, w(x)
Determinate
Indeterminate
W, w (UDL) and M0
w(x) (Non-UDL)
2 EI
L2equ
End conditions:
Pinned-pinned
Lequ = L
Fixed-free
Fixed-fixed
Lequ = 2 L
Lequ = L / 2
Fixed-pinned
Lequ = 0.7 L
Radius of gyration
I = Ar 2
Critical buckling stress:
C =
2E
(L
equ
r)
Lequ
E
r
Y