INDEX

SUBJECT
SHOT PEENING AND THE
TEST METHOD

PAGE NUMBER
ALMEN

I NTRO DUCTI ON

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR A

DEMONSTRATION

WHERE TO PURCHASE TOOLS AND

ACCESSORIES

FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

COMPARISONS TO FREE SHOT

PEENING

STEP-BY-STEP DEMONSTRATION
PROCEDURE

MAXIMUM OPERATING SPEEDS

18

APPENDIX

20

PAGE 1
SHOT PEENING
Peening of metals to improve their performance is an ancient metal working practice that can be traced back to medieval blacksmiths who hammered swords
and armor to make them stronger. Peening is a cold working process that imparts
a residual compressive stress into the surface. A part that has its surfaces
in compressive stress will show a significant increase in fatigue performance
and will also be less susceptible to stress corrosion cracking.
Most modern peening is done by impacting the metal surface with cast
steel shot which is propelled at moderately high speed by an air blast or a
centrifugal wheel. In most design applications, the proper method to determine
the amount of peening necessary, is to peen the part and then subject it to
fatigue testing. The problem that arises is how to determine how much cold
working has been done to the part so that once fatigue test data is available,
the part can be manufactured to the same tolerances as the test samples. A
method for such measurement was developed by Mr. J. O. Almen of the Research
Laboratories Division of General Motors. It is called the Almen Scale of Peen
Intensity and has been adopted by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
This method measures the amount of curvature of a standardized steel test strip
when peened on one side. The best method for establishing a shot peening soecification is to peen fatigue specimans to various intensities by changing operating
parameters, taking Almen intensity readings at each set of conditions. Once the
desired performance properties are achieved from the fatigue studies, there is a
reference (i.e. the Almen intensity) that allows returning to the operating
parameters that produced the desired results. The Almen test can then be used
as an in-process manufacturing specification to insure the correct peening
intensity is produced on a day-to-day basis. An excellent book on the basics of
shot peening and the Almen test method is available from the Wheelabrator
Corporation, Mishawaka, Indiana.

PAGE 2

INTRODUCTION
The intent of -this bulletin is to simplify the procedure for conducting
an in-part demonstration of this product. The peening time and R.P.M. charts
have -been simplified to cover the majority of conditions normally encountere(J
For conditions not covered, the appendix has complete saturation and hole
conversion charts. For further assistance, please contact the Industrial
Trades BUilding Service and Cleaning Products sales representative through
your local 3M Branch sales office.
The 3M Brand Roto-Peen Flap Assemblies type TC-330 each consist of two
scientifically-designed polymeric flaps to which tungsten carbide shot
particles are bonded. The flaps are joined with a special bonding matrix
which allows them to be easily used with the appropriate hardware. These
unique peening products provide a method of precision peening with maximum
portability and cleanliness. They are especially suited for in-service
rework, manufacturing repair of small areas and will effectively peen
holes down to 1/2 inch (12.7mm) diameter.
The 3M Brand Roto-Peen Flap Assemblies type TC-330 are covered in mil
specification numbers MIL-R-81841 (AS) and MIL-W-81840 (AS). In-house
specifications have also been established by boeing Aircraft Company,
McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed, and others.
3M Brand Roto-Peen Flap Assemblies type TC-330 are supplied in three
sizes to cover various applications, and mandrels for each flap size.

PAGE 3
These products utilize #330 tungsten carbide shot. The 1 in. x 3 in.
flap is recommended for large, flat unobstructed areas. If increased
coverage rate is desired, as many as five 1 in. x 2 in. flaps may be loaded
on the #7211 mandrel. The 9/16 in. x 1-1/4 in. flap assembly may also be
used on flat areas or to peen holes down to 3/4 in. diameter. The 9/16 in.
x 1 in. flap assembly is recommended for holes 1/2 in. to 3/4 in. diameter.
Any of the flaps may be cut narrower with a scissors to peen confined
areas or to peen into areas with a radius down to 1/16 in. (1.6mm).
Some suggested applications are:
Stress control on aircraftlanding gear, wing structures, and
engine supports. Also on helicopter rotor assemblies or any
application that requires peening after grinding.
- Peening of surfaces subject to stress corrosion
- Peen forming
- Peen straightening
Peening the heat affect zone on welds to improve fatigue
performance
The 3M Brand Magnetic Almen Strip Holder is an essential part of the
Roto-Peen system. It makes possible the use of the precise, standardized
Almen Strip Peening Intensity Control System, with Roto-Peen products by
eliminating the protruding hold-down screws found on the conventional Almen
Strip Holder. It also makes Almen strip measurements easier and allows the
use of one Almen strip for an entire saturation curve. This holder is
available from your Industrial Building Service and Cleaning Products
Division sales representative.

~
.

PAGE 4
FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
When using 3M Brand Roto-Peen Flap Assemblies, Type TC-330, there are
three factors which control the amount of peening (intensity).
The rotational speed of the flap
The length of time a given area is peened
The Roto-Peen flap deflection
The rotational speed controls the peening intensity. Increasing the
speed, increased the intensity. Decreasing the speed lowers the intensity.
The scale used to measure peening intensity is called the Almen Scale. It
is the degree of curvature, measured in 1/1000 of an inch, a precision steel
test strip (Almen Strip) will bend under a given set of operating conditions.
For applications requiring higher intensities, the Almen "C" strip is used.
For lighter applications, the Almen "N" strip is used.
All intensity measurements must be made on a Type 2 Almen speciman
gauge. (See tools and accessories section for ordering information.)
Peeni ng time controls the coverage of a surface. Mos t specifi ca ti ons
for peening are stated to an Almen intensity at 98+% coverage. 98+% coverage is referred to as "saturation", which means the entire surface is covered
with peening impressions. Saturation is further defined as the point at which
doubling the peening time produces less than a 15% increase in Almen intensity.
The height the Roto-Peen flap is positioned above the whole surface is
the third critical factor in product performance. The height above the work
surface controls flap deflection. The best results are achieved with maximum
flap deflection. In operation, this point of maximum flap deflection is also
the easiest and most comfortable to maintain. The mantrel and flap assembly
should be held such that the mandrel does not quite touch the work piece. If
the assembly is run too high above the surface, an uncomfortable bounce or
vibration will be felt in the tool. Refer to drawings in the appendix for
additional information.
To insure uniform coverage of the surface being peened, a circular or
oscillating motion should be used as the entire area to be peened is
covered uniformly. Visually inspect the peened area with the aid of a 5X
to lOX magnifier to determine whether complete coverage has been achieved.
Every portion of the original surface must be covered with peening impressions.
Repeen any area which does not show full coverage.

PAGE 5

COMPARISONS TO FREE SHOT PEENING

The following graphs compare the fatique performance of 3M Brand
Roto-Peen Type TC-330 Flap Assemol ies co conventional free shot peening.

PAGE 6

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY FOR

A ROTO-PEEN TC-330 DEMONSTRATION
1.

Supply of TC-330 Flaps.

Five of each size is recommended.

2.

Mandrels, to fit flaps being used.

3.

3M Brand magnetic Almen strip holder.

4.

Almen Type 2 specimen gauge.

5. Almen strips Type A, at least 25.

6.

Technical Service Bulletin, at least two copies.

7.

Variable speed tool. If a "set-point"* variable speed tool is not

available, then a strobe light tachometer must be used.

8.

Stop wa tch

A tool of this type is presently being tested by the Industrial Technical

Service group. If the tool proves to be viable, the Industrial Technical
Service group will publish a Field Bulletin with details.

PAGE 7

This section is a step-by-step procedure to conduct a Roto-Peen

TC-330 demonstration.
To illustrate this procedure, the following examples of customer
requirements are used:
. FLAT SURFACE
12 Almen "A" intensity
Area to be peened is 2" x 2-1/4"

PEENING A HOLE
10 Almen "A" intensity
Hole diameter .75" x 1.25" deep

PAGE 8

STEP ONE

_Almen "A" intensity desired

_
Examp 1e

1"'2'--

CONVERT TO 3M HOLDER INTENSITY

ALMEN "A" I NTENS ITY
DESIRED

3M HOLDER INTENSITY

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3
4
5
6
7
10
12
14

S
13

G)

14
15
16
17

20
22

18

23
25

26
28

18

19
20

30

3M Holder Almen Intensity

_
Example

17

Conversion is necessary because the 3M Brand Magnetic Almen Strip Holder

allows the Almen Strip to bend more than does the conventional screw
down type Almen strip holder.

PAGE 9

STEP TWO

Detenni ne area to be peened.

1.

If a flat surface. area is length times width.

2.

If area to be peened is a hole. then area is equal to

3.14 x the hole diameter x the hole depth.

Area to be peened:

IN 2

(Write it down)
Example: - Area to be peened
is 2" x 2-1/4"

= 4.5

in 2

An Almen test strip is 3" long X 3/4" wide and thus has an area of
2.25 in 2 . To achieve 98+% coverage (saturation) of an Almen strip
requires a minimum peening time of u,o minutes.

PAGE 10

STEP THREE

,.- Determi ne wh ich f1 ap size to use A.

If the area to be peened is flat with no restrictions,

use a 1" x 2" TC-330 flap.

B.

If peening a hole, use the 9/16" xl" TC-330 flap for

holes from 1/2" to 3/4". Use the 9/16" x 1-1/4" TC-330
flap for holes over 3/4" diameter.

C.

If working in a restricted area, use which ever size

flap fits the application. To get into narrow slots
or into radii dovin to 1/16", the TC-330 flaps may be
cut narrO\~er wi th a scissors.

Go to Step Four A for 9/16" x 1" and 9/16" x 1-1/4" flaps.

Go to Step Four B for 1" x 2" flap.

Example:

For this application a 9/16" x 1-1/4" flap has been

selected.

PAGE 11

STEP FOUR A
DETERMINING CORRECT RPM FOR 9/16" X 1" AND 9/16" X 1-1/4" TC- 330 FLAP
Peening Time
3M INTENS lTV
DESIRED

120
SECONDS

180
SECONDS

240
SECONDS

2900

2700

2600

10

3200

3000

2900

12

3800

3500

3400

14

4300

4100

3900

15

4600

4300

4200

17

5100

4980

4700

18

5400

5100

4900

20

6000

5700

5500

22

6500

6200

6000

23

6800

6500

6300

25

7300

7000

6800

26

7600

7300

7000

28

8100

7800

7600

30

8700

8400

8100

(For actual sa turati on curves see Appendi x)

TOOL RPM:
Example:

5000 RPM

Example:

120 Seconds

TIME:

Verify that the time and RPM are correct by peeni ng an A1men
strip with the above conditions (see Step Six for procedure).
Slight RPM changes may be necessary.
Note:

The maximum operating speed of these f1aos is 15,000 RPM.

PAGE 12
STEP FOUR B
DETERMINING CORRECT RPM FOR 1" X 2" TC-330 FLAP

Peening Time
3M INTENS ITY
DESIRED

120
SECONDS

180
SECONDS

240
SECONDS

2000

1800

1800

10
12

2100
2400

2000

1900
2200

14
15

2700
2800
3100

2300
2500

2500
2600

18
20
22

3200

2700
2900
3100

3500
3800

3300
3600

3200
3500

23
25
26
28

3900
4200
4300
4600

3700
4000

3600
3900

4200
4400

30

4800

4700

4000
4300
4500

17

2800
3000

(For actual saturation curves see Appendi x)

TOOL RPM:
(Hri te it

do~m)

TIME:
(Hrite it down)
Verify that th e time an d RPM are correct by peeni ng an A1men strip
\'Iith the above conditions (see Step Six for procedure). Slight
RPt1 changes may be necessary.
Note:

The maximum operating speed of this flap is 6,000 RPM.

PAGE 13
STEP FIVE

DETERMINE TIME NEEDED ON WORK AREA -

Area to be peened:

(from Step Two)

(I~rite

it down)

- The area of an A1men strip is 2.25 in 2

- Thus, the time needed to peen the area of workpiece is
Peeni ng time

Area to be peened
2.25

X Time (from Step 4A or 48)

In many cases, an A1men strip is used to demonstrate Roto-Peen

capabilities. In that case, the peening time is taken directly
from the charts. If other than an A1men strip is used,
EXAMPLE:
Peening time

= Area to2.25
be peened

= 2.25
4,5 X 120 seconds
Peening time

= 240 seconds

X Time (from Step 4A or 48)

PAGE 14

STEP SIX
HOW TO MAKE AN ALMEN INTENSITY READING

1.

Place an unpeened A1men strip on the A1men gauge.

2.

Turn the face of the gauge so that the dial reads O.

3.

Place the side of the strip that contacts the gauge down on the
3M A1men strip holder.

4.

Peen the strip with the time and speed determined from the
charts.
Note:

Be sure to run the TC-330 flap in the direction that tends

to push the A1men strip against the strip that is bonded to
the holder.

5.

Place the un peened side of the strip against the A1men gauge.

6.

Read the A1men intensity.

7.

Compare reading in Step 6 to desired A1men intensity, and, if

necessary, make a speed adjustment to achieve the desired intensity.
If a speed correction is necessary, repeat above procedure to
verify that correct intensity is achieved.

Note;
1. The A1men strips must be clean, free of oil or grease to give
reproducible results.
2.

A new TC-330 flap should be broken-in by running for approximately

one minute on a surface similar to that which is to be peened.

PAGE 15
STEP SEVEN
PEENING HOLES

Because operating a TC-330 flap in the 1.0. of a hole reduces

the free swing of the flap, it is necessary to increase the
speed to achieve the same peening intensity. The increase in
speed needed is dependent on the diameter of the hole and
which TC-330 flap is being used.
Chart 7A converts the speeds for the 9/16" x 1" flap in holes
from 1/2" (12.7mm) to 3/4" (19.lmm).
Chart 7B converts the speeds for the 9/16" x 1-1/4" flap in
holes from 3/4" (19.lmm) to 1-1/4" (3l.8mm). No conversion,
increase in speed, is necessary in holes larger than 1-1/4"
(31. 8mm).
To use the charts, find the 3M Almen intensity desired and
read across the chart to the column that includes the hole
diameter to be peened.
To determine the peening time, use the formula X Hole Depth X 120
Hole Peening Time : Hole Dia. X 3.14
2.25
(Seconds)
EXAMPLE:
Hole Size :

.75" Diameter X 1.25" Depth

Des i red 3M
Peening Intensity: l4A (Equal to lOA on the standard
Almen strip holder)
Hole Peening Time
(Seconds)

= .75

X 3.14 X 1.25 X 120

2.25

Hole Peening Time = 157 seconds

(Seconds)
Correct tool RPM, from Chart 7B, is 7700 RPM.
The proper operating conditions for this example are Tool Speed = 7700 RPM
Time
= 157 Seconds
See the appendix for formulas to calculate operating parameters
for conditions not covered in Charts 7A and 7B.

PAGE 16

CHART 7A
CONVERSION TABLE FOR .50" (12.7mm) TO .75" (19.1mm) DIAMETER

'I

HOLES TO BE PEENED WITH THE 9/16" Xl" TC-330 FLAP

3M

AL~1EN

NTENSITY

STD. ALMEN
INTENSITY

FOR A FLAT
AREA (120 sees)

7
9
10
12
14
15
17

18
20
22
23
25
26
28
30

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17
18
19
20

CORRECT RPM FOR 120 SECOND PEENING TIME FOR

HOLES WITHIN THE DIAMETER RANGE SPECIFIED

CORRECT RPM

2400
2900
3200
3800
4300
4600
5100
5400
6000
6500
6800
7300
7600
8100
8700

.50-.53

.54-.57

.58-.61

.62-.65

.66-.69

.70-.73

.74-.77

6000
7300
8000
9500
10800
11500
12800
13500
15000

5400
6600
7200
8600
9700
10400
11500
12200
13600
14700

4900
6000
6600
7800
8900
9500
10500

4500
5500
6100
7200
8100
8700
9700
10200
11400
12300
12900
13800
14400
-.

4200
5100
5600
6700
7500
8100
8900
9500
10500
11400
11900
12000
13300
14200

3900
4700
5200
6200
7000
7500
8300
8800
9800
10600
11100
11900
12400
13200
14200

3700
4400
4900
5800
6600
7000
7800
8200
9100
9900
10400
11100
11600
12300
13300

11100

12400
13400
14000
15000
-

DO NOT EXCEED 15,000 RPM WITH THE ROTO-PEEN 9/16" X 1" TC-330 FLAP ASSEMBL~

PAGE 17
CHART 7B

..

CONVERSION TABLE FOR. 75" (l9.1mm) TO 1.25" (31.8mm) DIAMETER

HOLES TO BE PEENED WITH THE 9/16" X 1-1/4" TC-330 FLAP

CORRECT RPM FOR 120 SECOND PEENING TIME FOR HOLES

WITHIN THE DIAMETER RANGE SPECIFIED

CORRECT RPM
3M ALMEN

STD. ALMEN

[NTENSITY

INTENSITY

FOR A FLAT
AREA (120 sees)

7
9

10
12
14
15
17

18
20
22
23
25
26
28
30

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

2400
2900
3200
3800
4300
4600
5100
5400
6000
6500
6800
7300
7600
8100
8700

.75-.81

.82-.88

.89-.94

4300
5200
5800
6800
7700
8300
9200
9700
10800
11700
12200
13100
13700
14600

3900
4700
5200
6200
7000
7400
8300
8700
9700
10500
11000
11800
12300
13100
14100

3500
4300
4700
5600
6300
6800
7500
7900
8800
9600
10000
10700
11200
11900
12800

.95-1.00 1.01-1.06 1.07-1.12

3300
4000
4400
5200
5900
6300
7000
7400
8200
8900
9300
10000
10400
11000
11900

DO NOT EXCEED 15,000 RPM WITH THE 9/16" X 1-1/4"

ROTO-PEEN TC-330 FLAP ASSEMBLY.

3100
3700
4100
4800
5500
5800
6500
6900
7600
8300
8600
9300
9700
10300
11100

2900
3500
3800
4500
5100
5500
6100
6400
7100
7700
8100
8700
9000
9600
10400

1.13-1.18 1.19- 1.25

2700
3200
3600
4300
4800
5100
5700
6000
6700
7300
7600
8200
8500
9100
9700

2500
3100
3400
4000
4500
4900
5400
5700
6300
6900
7200
7700
8000
8600
9200

PAGE 18

MAXIMUM OPERATING SPEEDS

FOR ROTa-PEEN TYPE TC-330
FLAP ASSEMBLIES

9/16" X 1" Flap

15,000 R.P.M.

9/16" X 1-1/4" Flap

15,000 R.P.M.

1" X 2" Flap

6,000 R.P.M.

PAGE 19
TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES FOR USE
WITH 3M BRAND ROTO PEEN PRODUCTS
(THE FOLLOWING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES HAVE BEEN FOUND
SATISFACTORY. HOWEVER, EQUIVALENTS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED.)
ROTO TEEN
PRODUCT

TOOL OR ACCESSORY

MODEL

MANUFACTURER

COMMENTS

TC-33C
9/16" x 1-1/4"

MINIATURE FLEXIBLE
SHAFT POWER TOOL

SERIES MMG-44A
ELECTRIC MOTOR

THE FOREDOM ELECTRIC

COMPANY
BETHEL, CONNECTICUT

MOST VERSATILE
TOOL FOR FLAP
ASSEMBLIES

ROTARY AIR TOOL

ROTARY FILE
NO. 8067-D-2

AIR MOTOR SPEED

CONTROL

STANDARD DUTY
PRESSURE REGULATOR
NO. 27220

STROBE LIGHT
TACHOMETER

STROBATIC NO. 1531

GENERAL RADIO COMPANY

CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS

PHOTO ELECTRIC
TACHOMETER

THUMB TACH NO. GD-69

HEATH COMPANY
BENTON HARBOR, MICH.
49022

ALMEN SPEC IMAN

GAUGE

TYPE 2, NO. 74155

ALMEN TEST STRIP

TYPE A, NO. 74268

WHEELABRATOR CORP.
415 BYRKIT STREET
MISHAWAHA, INDIANA
46544

& 9/lE" xl"

TC-33(" 1" x 2"

& CS- 330 3-1/2"
DIAMETER FLAP
LmEEL

ALL T(-330

ALL T(-330

THE ARO CORPORATION

400 ENTERPRISE STREET
BRYAN, OHIO 43506

MAXIMUM PORTABILITY, LOW

COST, KIT FORM
ONLY

PAGE 20

APPENDIX

PEENING INTENSITY (ALMEN A MILS)

(STJlNDARD ALMEN STRIP HOLDER)
FIG. 1 - CORRELATION BETWEEN 3M ROTa PEEN
AND STANDARD ALMEN STRIP HOLDER

PAGE 21

30
28 (.7nm)
7000 RPM - A&B
4000 RPM - c

26
24 (.6nm)
22

~:: :

20 (.5nm)
18
16 (.4nm)
14

6000 RPM - A&B

3500 RPM - C
5000
3000
4000
2500

RPM
RPM
RPM
RPM

A&B
C
A&B
C

12 (.3nm)
3000 RPM - A&B
2000 RPM - C

10
8 (.2nm)

6
4 (.lnm)
2

o
012345678
PEENING TIME (MIN)
1
A = 9/16 Xl" (14.3 X 25nm) FlAP ASSEMBLY
1
B = 9116 Xl-l/4" (14.3 X 31.8rnm) FlAP ASSEMBLY
C
11X2" (25 X 50rnm) FLAP ASSEMBLY

PAGE 22

3132" (2. 4mrn)

J_

MIlX.

:J

,)

----

MIN.

FIG. 3 - FUIP DEFLECTION RANGE FOR 9/16" X 1" C14.3mrn X 25) FUIP ASSEMBLY

-L _
-T

3/16" (4.8nrn)

MIlX.

MIN.

FIG. 4 - FUIP DEFLECTION RANGE FOR 9/16" X 1-114" C14.3mrn X 31.8) FUIP ASSEMBLY

5/16" C7. 9mrn)

MlIX.

MIN.

FIG. 5 - FUIP DEFLECTION RANGE FOR 1" X 2" (25mrn X 50) FLAP ASSEMBLY

PAGE 23
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SPEED OF 3M BRAND ROTO PEEN
9/16" X 1-114" (14.3 X 31.8mn) FLAP ASSEMBLY WHEN
USED IN HOLES FROM 3/4 IN. - 1-1/4 IN. (19mm - 31.~) DIA.
1.

USING ROTO PEEN ALMEN STRIP HOLDER PEENING INTENSITY} DETERMINE TOOL
SPEED (SI) FOR FLAT SURFACES AND HOLES LARGER THftN 1-1/4 IN. Ol.8mn)
DIAMETER BY REFERRING TO FIG. 2.
DETERMINE EFFECTIVE FLAP RADIUS (R ) BY REFERRING TO FIG. 6 BELOW.
2
CALCULATE REQUIRED TOOL SPEED (S2) FOR HOLE SIZES BETWEEN 3/4 IN. (19mm)
AND 1-1/4 IN. 01. Smn) BY USING THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:
20
S2 = (S 1) C18/32)/R 2

2.
3.

18
16
14

.-<

'"

~j
r--

12

.:t.
'-<0

10 +--~!f

3-.
'-.0

....I vz

....

xo

6
4
2

o+-+--+--I----+-+-+-t--t--t--+-+----i
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

HOLE RADIUS - 1/32 IN. OR (NO. X O.78rmi>

FIG. 6 - CORRELATION BETWEEN EFFECTIVE 9/16" X 1-1/4" C14.3 X 31.8nm) ,FLAP ASSEMBLY
RADIUS AND HOLE RADIUS.

PAGE 24

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SPEED OF 3M BRAND ROTO PEEN

9/16" X 1" 04.3 X 25nrn) FlAP ASSEMBLY WHEN USED
IN HOLES FROM 1/2 IN. - 1-1/16 IN.(12.7nrn - 2nnm) DIA.
1. USING ROTO PEEN ALMEN STRIP HOLDER PEENING INTENSITY, DETERMINE TOOL
SPEED (Sl) FOR FLAT SURFACES AND HOLES LARGER THAN 1-1/16 IN. (2nnm)
,DIAMETER BY REFERRING TO FIG. 2.
2. DETERMINE EFFECTIVE FlAP RADIUS (R 2) BY REFERRING TO FIG. 7 BELOW.
CALCULATE REQUIRED TOOL SPEED (S2) FOR HOLE SIZES BETWEEN 1/2 IN. (12.nnm)
AND 1-1/16 IN. (27nrn) BY USING THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:
S2 = (Sl) (15/32)/R 2

3.

>-

..J

20

U1

18

~
UJ
~

S
u..

16

~'"'
.~
.........
'"xC)

14
12

",X

.:to

10

.... z

'-''-'
-

0::

""0

z
u,'-<
.-<

C'J

''''.....
"',
~
.-<

~~

~~

UJ.-<

+--+--+--t---l~-+---t--+-_.-+---+---J
6

1011

1213141516171.8

HOLE RADIUS - 1/32 IN. OR (NO. X O.7Smm)

FIG. 7 - CORRELATION BETWEEN EFFECTIVE 9/16" X I" (14.3 X 31.Smm) FLAP ASSEMBLY
RADIUS AND HOLE RADIUS

PAGE 25

SUGGESTED PRODUCT APPLICATIONS:

STRESS CONTROL
LANDTNG GEAR ASSEMBLIES
WING STRUCTURES
HELICOPTER ROTOR HUB ASSEMBLIES
JET ENGINE SUPPORT MEMBERS
MANUFACTURING REPAIR
PEENING AFTER GRINDING
PEENING BEFORE PLATING
CORROSION CONTROL
PEENING OF SURFACES SUBJECT TO STRESS CORROSION
MI SCELLANEOUS
PEEN STRAIGHTENING
PEEN FORMING
BOND TESTING

AU slatements, le<:hnicallnformatlon and recommendations contained herein are based on tests we believe to be reliable, but the accuracy or compretene" thereofls not
guaranteed, ana the following Is made in lieu of all warrantles expressed or Implled: Sellers and manufacturers only ob!lgatlOf'l shall be 10 replace such quantity althe product
proved 10 be defectlve. Neither seller nor manufacturer shall be liable for any injury, loss or damage. dIrect or conSe<luenllal, arising oul of the usa of or Inability to use the product. Before uSing. :.;5el snail determine the SUitability althe product for hiS own intended use and user assumes all risks and liability Whatsoever In connecllon thereWIth.
i'lo statement or fEiCcmmenoatlOn r,o! CCfll8,neo

nerern snail have an,' lorce Qf elleet unless

In

an agreemen! srgr.eo

oy

ollicers

Of

seller

and

manufacturer.