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DEFLECTION OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Objective:
To establish the relationship between deflection and applied load and determine the
elastic modulus of the beam specimen from the deflection data.
Theory:
L/2

Apparatus:
The apparatus consist of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

A support frame.
A pair of pinned support.
A load hanger.
A dial gauge with 0.01 mm accuracy to measuring deflection.
Beam specimen with constant depth and width throughout its length.
A caliper to measure the depth and with of the beam specimen.
A meter ruler or tape measure to measure the span of the beam.
A set of weights.

Diagram:

Figure 1: Load, 1N

Figure 2: Meter ruler

Figure 3: A pair of pinned support

Figure 4: Type of beams specimen

Figure 5: Setting the dial gauge reading

Figure 6: Caliper
Procedure:
1. Bolt the two knife edge supports to the support frame using the plate and bolt
supplied with the apparatus. The distance between the two supports should be
equal to the span of the beam to be tested.
2. Measure width and depth of specimen and record the readings (take
measurement at 3 location and record the average reading).
3. Place the beam specimen on the knife edge supports.
4. Fix the load hanger at mid-span of the beam.
5. Position the dial gauge at the mid-span of the beam to measure the resulting
deflection.
6. Set the dial gauge reading to zero.
7. Place a suitable load on the hanger (starting with 1N)
8. Record the resulting dial gauge reading.
9. Increase the load on the load hanger (by an increment of 1N)
10. Repeat step 8 and 9 for a few more load increments of 1N up to a maximum
total load of 5N on the hanger.
11. Repeat the above test to obtain another set of readings using the same beam
specimen.
12. Repeat the whole procedure from step 1 to 11 for two other beam specimens.
Results of Aluminium:
Span of tested beam, L = 1000 mm
Width of beam specimen, b = 25.028 mm

Depth of beam specimen, d = 3.896 mm


Moment of inertia of beam specimen, I = (bd3/12) = 123.4 mm4
Dial gauge reading, 1 division = 0.01 mm
Modulus of Elasticity = 70000 N/mm2
Table:
Applied
Load

N
1
2
3
4
5

Experimental Deflection

Test 1

Test 2

mm
1.04
2.28
3.31
4.52
5.6

mm
1.16
2.34
3.55
4.77
6.02

Theoretical
Deflection
mm

Average
Deflection mm
1.1
2.31
3.43
4.645
5.81

2.413
4.826
7.239
9.652
12.065

Results of Stainless Steel:


Span of tested beam, L = 1000 mm
Width of beam specimen, b = 25.04 mm
Depth of beam specimen, d = 3.03 mm
Moment of inertia of beam specimen, I = (bd3/12) = 58.05 mm4
Dial gauge reading, 1 division = 0.01 mm
Modulus of Elasticity = 187500 N/mm2
Table:
Applied
Load

N
1
2
3
4

Experimental Deflection

Test 1

Test 2

mm
1.19
2.43
3.69
4.69

mm
1.1
2.48
3.67
5

Theoretical
Deflection
mm

Average
Deflection mm
1.145
2.455
3.68
4.98

1.9141
3.828
5.742
7.656

6.39

6.4

6.395

9.57

Results of Bronze:
Span of tested beam, L = 1000 mm
Width of beam specimen, b = 25.5055 mm
Depth of beam specimen, d = 5.09 mm
Moment of inertia of beam specimen, I = (bd3/12) = 280.29 mm4
Dial gauge reading, 1 division = 0.01 mm
Modulus of Elasticity = 120000 N/mm2
Table:
Applied
Load

N
1
2
3
4
5

Experimental Deflection

Test 1

Test 2

mm
0.68
1.37
2.09
2.78
3.45

mm
0.67
1.41
2.22
2.95
3.75

Theoretical
Deflection
mm

Average
Deflection mm
0.675
1.39
2.155
2.865
3.6

0.619
1.239
1.858
2.478
3.097

1. Using the tabulated data in table above, plot the graph of load verses
experimental deflection.
2. Draw the best fit curve through the plotted point and hence deduce the
relationship between the applied load and the resulting mid span deflection.
3. Calculation the modulus of Elasticity for each of the beam specimens using
the slope of the graph obtained assuming a linear relationship between load
and deflection as shown below.
Conclusion:
1. From this experiment what is the relationship between the applied load and the
resulting displacement/deflection.
When the applied load increase, the resulting displacement/deflection will
higher.
2. What does the slope of the graph represents how does it varies in relation to
the load position.

3. How do the experimental results differ with the theoretical results in terms of

accuracy? Briefly explain the probable cause of errors and how can it be
overcome.

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