Response of TBI case study buildings

ANALYSIS OF STEEL BUILDING

Pierson Jones & Farzin Zareian

May 7th, 2010

Introduction

Three
Building
40-story
BRBFSystems
building

Structural and Earthquake Engineering

Building Information

40-story Buckling Restrained Braced Frame (Bldg. III)

Three designs by Simpson Gumpertz&Heger, Inc.

Building III-A Code-based Design (IBC 2006 and not
considering the maximum height limit, )

Building III-B Performance-based Design (LATBSDC)

Building III-C Performance-based Plus Design

Perform 3D models provided by designer for Building
III-B and III-C.

Code Based Design

2007 California Building Code
ASCE 7.05 Standard for Minimum
Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures. (SDS = 1.145, SD1 = 0.52,
R = 7)
AISC 360.05 Spec. for Steel Buildings
AISC 341.05 Seismic Spec.
ACI 318-08 Building Code
Requirements for Reinforced Concrete

Performance Based
Design

Layout is identical to Code Based
Design except that 2 bays of bracing
have been removed (in the lower
stories of the perimeter braced
frames in the N-S)

BRB member sizes have been
reduced.

Designed to meet the LATBSDC
seismic design guidelines

Performance Based
Design Plus

Layout is identical to Performance
Based Design except that outriggers
are added to mitigate serviceability
level design requirements.

Designed to meet the Guidelines for
PEER Seismic Design of Tall
Buildings

General Comparison

Bldg. III-A

Bldg. III-B

Bldg. III-C

TYPICAL COLUMNS, BRACES, AND

CONNECTIONS

BOLTED CONNECTION (301-500K BRACES)

CONCRETE FILLED
BOX COLUMN

BOLTED CONNECTION (501-800K BRACES)

FROM 18 SQUARE
TO 60 SQUARE

fc=10,000 psi
PINNED CONNECTION (801-1200K BRACES)

elevation

Comparison of BRB strength along similar grid lines

KEY:
BRB strength [Kips]

300K-500K
501K-800K
801K-1200K
NOTE:
GRID LINE 2&7
N-S DIRECTION

Bldg. III-A

Bldg. III-C

Bldg. III-B

General Modeling

PERFORM3D

(version 4.03) structural analysis software by

Computers and Structures Inc. was used for the nonlinear
time history analysis.

3-D

models of the building are subjected to 2-component

ground motions.

The

only nonlinear element employed in the model is the

Buckling Restrained Brace element.

General Modeling

Columns

and Beams were modeled with elastic elements.

Elastic behavior was verified in these elements by
monitoring their demand-capacity ratios and ensuring that
they remained in the elastic range.

Models

that included the gravity frame were developed but

did not significantly change the seismic demands.

The

perimeter shear walls were modeled with elastic wall

elements with 50% of the gross stiffness and 40% of elastic
shear modulus to account for cracked section properties.
Diaphragm assumed rigid

BRBF Typical Bay-connection details

Assumption gusset plate will
have full ductility capacity.
i.e. the connections are well
engineered and will behave as
pins even under severe ground
motions.

BRBF Typical Bay modeling details

Rigid panel zone

BRBF brace element,

nonlinear. Connections
modeled as pins.
BRBF stiff endzone
30% length linear
elastic bar
Elastic Column
element, equivalent
steel cross section used
(axial, torsional, and
bending stiffness
modified to account for
concrete)
Elastic Beam Element
with pinned
connections to columns

BRBF Modeling

Backbone curve for BRBF. Image source: Simpson

Gumpertz and Heger

Buckling-restrained braces
were modeled using a built-in
model in Perform 3D software
with Ry = 1.1, = 1.25, and =
1.1.
30% of the length of
buckling-restrained braces are
considered as End Zone
The brace components in the
model have a maximum
deformation capacity of (20y)
as determined by SGH.
If this capacity is exceeded
during the time-history
analysis, the analysis stops
No strength or stiffness
degradation

Modal Properties:
Building III-A

Dominance of flexural mode of vibration in N-S and EW.

N-S

E-W

40

35

35

30

30
Story Number

Building III-A Modal Properties (N-S)

40

Story Number

Building III-A Modal Properties (E-W)

25
20
15
10

-1

-0.5

Mode Number
Period
Mass Part.

15
10
5

0.5

Mode 2

1
3.80
0.72

20

0
Mode Shape Value

Mode 1

25

2
1.27
0.17

1
Mode 3

3
0.69
0.05

4
0.48
0.02

-1

-0.5
Mode 1

Mode Number
Period
Mass Part.

0
Mode Shape Value

0.5

Mode 2

1
5.25
0.57

2
1.48
0.24

1
Mode 3

3
0.77
0.09

4
0.51
0.04

Modal Properties:
Building III-B

Dominance of flexural mode of vibration in N-S and a
balance between the flexural and shear mode in the EW.

N-S

E-W

40

40

35

35

30

30
Story Number

Building III-B Modal Properties (N-S)

Story Number

Building III-B Modal Properties (E-W)

25
20
15
10

-1

-0.5

Mode Number
Period
Mass Part.

15
10
5

0
0.5

Mode 2

1
4.49
0.74

20

5
0
Mode Shape Value

Mode 1

25

2
1.50
0.16

1
Mode 3

3
0.81
0.04

4
0.56
0.02

-1

-0.5

0
Mode Shape Value

Mode 1

Mode Number
Period
Mass Part.

0.5

Mode 2

1
6.47
0.64

2
1.77
0.22

1
Mode 3

3
0.88
0.07

4
0.58
0.03

Modal Properties:
Building III-C

Dominance of flexural mode of vibration in N-S and a
balance between the flexural and shear mode in the EW.

N-S

E-W

40

40

35

35

30

30
Story Number

Building III-C Modal Properties (N-S)

Story Number

Building III-C Modal Properties (E-W)

25
20
15
10

25
20
15
10

0
-1

-0.5
Mode 1

Mode Number
Period
Mass Part.

0
Mode Shape Value

0.5

Mode 2

1
4.17
0.73

2
1.39
0.17

1
Mode 3

3
0.74
0.05

4
0.51
0.02

-1

-0.5

0
Mode Shape Value

Mode 1

Mode Number
Period
Mass Part.

0.5

Mode 2

1
5.74
0.67

2
1.64
0.20

1
Mode 3

3
0.80
0.06

4
0.54
0.03

Representative Results

Representative Results

Return
Period

GM set

4975 (years)

OVE

2475 (years)

MCE

475 (years)

DBE

43 (years)

SLE43

E-W

N-S

Building IIIA

N-S

median
%16th and %84th

25 (years)

Individual
earthquake

SLE25

MAXIMUM IDR

E-W

Return
Period

GM set

4975 (years)

OVE

2475 (years)

MCE

475 (years)

DBE

43 (years)

SLE43

E-W

N-S

Building IIIB

N-S

median
%16th and %84th

25 (years)

Individual
earthquake

SLE25

MAXIMUM IDR

E-W

Return
Period

GM set

4975 (years)

OVE

2475 (years)

MCE

475 (years)

DBE

43 (years)

SLE43

E-W

N-S

Building IIIC

N-S

median
%16th and %84th

25 (years)

Individual
earthquake

SLE25

MAXIMUM IDR

E-W

Return
Period

GM set

4975 (years)

OVE

2475 (years)

MCE

475 (years)

DBE

43 (years)

SLE43

E-W

N-S

Building IIIA

N-S

median
%16th and %84th

25 (years)

Individual
earthquake

SLE25

MAXIMUM ACCELERATION [g]

E-W

Return
Period

GM set

4975 (years)

OVE

2475 (years)

MCE

475 (years)

DBE

43 (years)

SLE43

E-W

N-S

Building IIIB

N-S

median
%16th and %84th

25 (years)

Individual
earthquake

SLE25

MAXIMUM ACCELERATION [g]

E-W

Return
Period

GM set

4975 (years)

OVE

2475 (years)

MCE

475 (years)

DBE

43 (years)

SLE43

E-W

N-S

Building IIIC

N-S

median
%16th and %84th

25 (years)

Individual
earthquake

SLE25

MAXIMUM ACCELERATION [g]

E-W

GM set: OVE
Simulated vs. recorded ground motions

E-W

N-S

T1 = 3.8
T2 = 1.3

Matched Spectra for TBI (OVE, 3 & 0.1, 7 & 0.6)

1.5

(Sa(T)/g [5% critical damping]

Target Spectrum

N-S

Median Spectrum

E-W

Indv. Spectrum
Rec./Scaled

Indv. Spectrum
Simulated

mean

0.5

T1 = 5.3
T2 = 1.5

0
0

4
5
6
Period (T)

10

MAXIMUM IDR

%16th and %84th

simulated ground
motions
recorded & scaled
ground motions

GM set: OVE
Simulated vs. recorded ground motions

E-W

N-S

T1 = 4.9
T2 = 1.5

Matched Spectra for TBI (OVE, 3 & 0.1, 7 & 0.6)

1.5

(Sa(T)/g [5% critical damping]

Target Spectrum

N-S

Median Spectrum

E-W

Indv. Spectrum
Rec./Scaled

Indv. Spectrum
Simulated

mean

0.5

T1 = 6.5
T2 = 1.8

0
0

4
5
6
Period (T)

10

MAXIMUM IDR

%16th and %84th

simulated ground
motions
recorded & scaled
ground motions

GM set: OVE
Simulated vs. recorded ground motions

E-W

N-S

T1 = 4.2
T2 = 1.4

Matched Spectra for TBI (OVE, 3 & 0.1, 7 & 0.6)

1.5

(Sa(T)/g [5% critical damping]

Target Spectrum

N-S

Median Spectrum

E-W

Indv. Spectrum
Rec./Scaled

Indv. Spectrum
Simulated

mean

0.5

T1 = 5.7
T2 = 1.6

0
0

4
5
6
Period (T)

10

MAXIMUM IDR

%16th and %84th

simulated ground
motions
recorded & scaled
ground motions

%Exceedance Of 3% Drift Ratio

25%
20%
15%

$249/SF
$256/SF
$245/SF

10%
5%
0%
OVE MCE DBE SLE43 SLE25

Safe maximum IDR

considered to be IDR=.03

All of the analysis
completed -- there were
no component failures for
the BRBF lateral load
system

Building III-C did not exceed the safe IDR in any of the
ground motions, was considered to perform the best.

Building III-A generally performed better than the
performance based design (Building III-B)

Summary

Behavior of Building III-C is different from Buildings III-A
and III-B (different structural system)

Stiffer building (III-A) observes larger acceleration and
smaller deformation compared to other two buildings.

No collapse was indicated

Building III-B appeared to be the one with higher
probability of exceeding the drift limit of 3% in MCE and
OVE hazard levels. Building III-A exceeded the limit only
at the OVE level.