Test des radios numriques multi standard :

Avant, vous redoutiez de tester vos radios

numriques Mais a, ctait avant!

Presented By: Marc Schweizer

Product Sales Specialist
Aeroflex Test Solutions
marc.schweizer@aeroflex.com
Aeroflex Proprietary and Confidential

www.aeroflex.com

Cobham Communications & Connectivity (CCC)

ATS joins CCC

Cobham Communications and Connectivity

provides end-to-end avionics and
communication equipment, law enforcement
and national security solutions, and satellite
communication equipment for land, sea and air
applications
Current Capabilities
Antenna Systems for Communication,
Navigation, Electronic Warfare and Radar
Cockpit and Cabin Communications
Public Safety and Wireless Communications
for Infrastructure
Satcom Equipment for Aerospace, Land and
Maritime
Wireless Surveillance Technology
Composite Radomes, Structures, Engine
Components, and Aerostructures

25 September 2014
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Test des radios numriques multi standard

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Aeroflex 50 ans dexprience Radio

Evolution des technologies PMR
Le test des Radios numriques
Evolution des quipements de Test Radio
Introduction au test des radios TETRA
Introduction au test des radios DMR/dPMR/NXDN
Le Futur des quipements de test Radio
Le test automatique des Radios

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Aeroflex in Private Mobile Radio

More than 50 years experience in providing
superior radio test set solutions.

Marconi
Instruments
IFR
Willtek/Wavetek/
Acterna/W&G
Racal

IFR 1200/1600/
1900 COM120

6103/6113

2945/2955
/296x

Stabilock
4015/4040/403x

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Aeroflex in Private Mobile Radio

More than 50 years experience in providing
superior radio test set solutions.

Government
Private Mobile
Utilities
Transportation
Railways
Analog &
Digital field
Construction
Military

Analog
PMR
Analog & Digital PMR,
TETRA/P25/TEDS

TETRA field

TETRA Air Analyser

Military
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Evolution of Private Mobile Radio

The Land Mobile Radio industry has seen significant changes
over the last 30 years.
In the past, almost all radio communications were done using
conventional FM, AM, or Phase modulation formats.
With the need for more users to be able to use a fixed frequency
spectrum, the industry is transitioning to digital formats that can
allow many more channels / users to occupy the same amount of
frequency spectrum.
Todays radios require more precision and higher performance.

New digital formats require new ways to test.

9/25/2014

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PMR Technologies
Below are some of the technologies that are currently in
use in the Private Mobile market place.
Analog FM / AM / Phase
Digital
TETRA (DQPSK)
TETRA II TEDS (QAM)
APCO Project 25 (C4FM-4FSK)
Project 25 Phase II (HDQPSK)
DMR (4FSK-TDMA)
dPMR (4FSK narrow band)
NXDN (4FSK)
Tetrapol (GMSK)

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DMR overview
DMR Introduction
DMR (which stands for Digital Mobile Radio) is an ETSI Air
Interface standard which was approved and published by ETSI in
March 2005. The DMR standard itself (ETSI TS 102 361) is split into
three tiers as follows:

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DMR Standard
Key Performance Specifications
Channel Bandwidth: 12.5kHz
Channel Access 2 slot TDMA
Modulation: 4FSK
Gross Bit Rate: 9.6kbps

Frequency Bands
Low Band VHF
High Band VHF
UHF
Signalling
Color Code (0-15) share channel by user
Call ID (24 bits) selective calling

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dPMR overview
dPMR Introduction
dPMR is a digital radio protocol specifically targeting highly functional
solutions by using low cost and low complexity technology. dPMR is a
narrowband (6,25 kHz) FDMA technology that offers many forms of voice
and/or data applications.
dPMR is specified in both TS102 490 and TS102 658 ETSI standards

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dPMR Standard
Key Performance Specifications
Channel Bandwidth: 6.25kHz
Modulation: 4FSK
Gross Bit Rate: 4.8kbps
Frequency Bands
VHF
UHF
Signalling
Channel Code (0-63)
Call ID (7 characters)
Call format/priority

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NXDN Overview
NXDN Overview
NXDN is also based on 4FSK FDMA for 6.25kHz channels like
dPMR but with a different protocol and an extension to 12.5kHz.
It was developed jointly by Icom Incorporated and Kenwood
Corporation. The NXDN Forum was formed in order to promote
the NXDN protocol worldwide.

Designed in particular for the business and industry market,

NXDN is a cost-effective communication method that achieves
this spectrum efficiency through digitization, while maintaining
the basic architecture of analog FM radio

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NXDN Standard
Key Performance Specifications
Channel Bandwidth: 6.25/12.5kHz
Modulation: 4FSK
Gross Bit Rate: 4.8/9.6kbps
Frequency Bands
VHF
UHF
Signalling
RAN (Radio Access Number)
Up to 63 numbers

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TETRA Overview

TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) is a digital trunked mobile radio

standard developed to meet the needs of traditional PMR user
organisations such as:

TETRA is standardized by ETSI in different documents:

EN 300392 Voice Plus Data (V+D), also named TMO (Trunked Mode Operation)

EN 300396 Direct Mode Operation (DMO)

TETRA unique PMR features

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Public Safety, Transportation, Utilities, Government, Military, Commercial &

Industry, Oil & Gas

Wide area fast call set-up "all informed net" group calls

Direct Mode Operation (DMO) allowing "back to back" communications

between radio terminals independent of the network

High level voice encryption to meet the security needs of public safety
organisations

An Emergency Call facility that gets through even if the system is busy

Full duplex voice for PABX and PSTN telephony communications

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TETRA Standard
Key

Performance Specifications

Im

4:1 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

25 kHz carrier spacing

S(k)

Digital modulation, /4 DQPSK at 36 kbits/s

Speech calls use 1 channel, data can use up to 4

Frequency bands
380 - 400 MHz
410 - 430 MHz & 450 - 470 MHz

Re

806 - 821 MHz & 851 - 866 MHz

Phase
alteration

Transferred
bits

870 - 876 MHz & 915 - 921 MHz

+ /4

00

+ 3/4

01

- 3/4

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- /4

10

Signalling
MCC (Mobile Country Code)
MNC (Mobile Network Code)
BCC/LA
ITSI (Individual Tetra Subscriber Identity)

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Why do People want Digital PMR ?

Security -> Different levels of coding and encryption

Capacity -> Better spectrum efficiency than analog

Less congestion
More revenue for operators

Cost -> Seller makes more money

Digital radios have less analog bits

Cheaper to produce, more reliable, easier to align

Voice Quality -> Works better where signal is weak

Roaming -> Can speak over larger geographies

Emergency services can all communicate directly

GSM roaming across most countries (130+)

Immunity to interference

Capability to send voice and/or data

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Benefits - Spectrum Efficiency

200kHz bandwidth

GSM

200 kHz carrier

8 channels

Half-rate GSM

200 kHz carrier

16 channels

Traditional
PMR 25 kHz

25 kHz channel
8 channels / 200 kHz
12.5 kHz channels
32 channels / 200 kHz

PMR TDMA 12.5 kHz

& PMR 6.25kHz

25 kHz carrier
4 channels / carrier
32 channels / 200 kHz

TETRA

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P2466-02

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Comparison Digital versus analog FM

Digital

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Digital Radio Architecture - RF

Digital
A to D

Speech
Coder

Channel
Coder

Baseband Modulator
filters

Tx
Amplifier

Duplexer

V.C.O.

D to A

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Speech
Decoder

Channel
Decoder

Filters &
Equalizer

Demodulator

Proprietary

Rx
Amplifier

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Testing Digital Systems

Introduction
Digital systems introduce new types of measurements to
determine system performance. Digital Radio requires a
complex parameter optimization of frequency, phase, time
and modulation to ensure quality of service for all users. It is
thus essential to accurately measure the parameters of the
digital radio signal.
Most technologies require basically similar types of
measurements that can be splitted in the following groups:
Frequency domain measurements
Power measurements
Time domain measurements
Modulation measurements
Data measurements
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Testing Digital Systems

Frequency domain measurements
To check that the system is transmitting in the allocated
plan. Frequency domain measurement may be more
complex then with analogue due to higher bandwidth.
Frequency measurements include :
Frequency or frequency error
Occupied Frequency bandwidth
Spectrum Emission Mask
In band/out of band spectrum
Spectrum due to switching / modulation
Example of frequency error
measurement

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Testing Digital Systems

Power Measurements
The power measurements are generally essential in
digital systems, to ensure minimum interference
between channels.
Major power measurements include
Power in channel, max, min, average

Power in adjacent channel

Power/time in TDMA systems

Code domain power (CDMA)

CCDF (Complementary cumulative Distribution
Function)

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Testing Digital Systems

Time domain measurements
Time domain measurements are essential in digital
systems especially when using TDMA techniques:
Time domain measurements include:

- TDMA burst, rise/fall times

- Frame alignement

- Power/Time, Frequency/Time
- Clock / Synchronisation
Power template in Tetra

- Eye diagram (I&Q/time)

Symbol transitions in Eye Diagram

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Testing Digital Systems

Modulation measurement
Vector Error is the criteria for modulation accuracy of a
received Signal. The Vector Error is a deviation of the
ideal vector, caused by phase and amplitude offset.
Vector error determines, how reliable the signal can be
demodulated.
EVM modulation measurements include:

Vector
Error

EVM, average, max, min

EVM residual

IQ Gain Imbalance or Phase Skew

EVM/Time, EVM/Frequency

Phase/Amplitude error
FSK error

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Digital Modulation Accuracy 4FSK

Q

Error
Actual
Signal

I
f

Ideal (Reference) Signal

Phase Error (IQ error phase)

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10

00

01

EVM distribution

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Testing Digital Systems

Data measurements
The final measurement of link quality (or sensitivity) of a
digital communication will be done with the evaluation of
the Bit Error Rate BER. Again, the BER is the most
common setting but different systems can also be
characterized with the block error, frame error ...
Data measurements include:

BER (Bit Error Rate)

RBER (Residual Bit Error Rate)

FER (Frame Error Rate)

BLER (Bloc Error Rate)

MER (Message/Modulation Error Rate)

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Testing Digital Systems

Other measurements
Digital systems may require other types of test to check
the functionalities of the radio
- Audio components
- AF Loopback tests all components of the
Mobile Station in one step.
- Allows a Speech quality evaluation.

- Coding/decoding of network parameters

- Message transmission/reception
- Types of call supported: simplex, duplex, phone,
emergency

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Testing Digital Systems : conclusion

All transmitted signals are binary data

Successful transmission and recovery of 1s and 0s

Requirements for Parametric measurements change
Vector accuracy replaces distortion for Tx
measurements
Bit Error Rate (BER) replaces SINAD for Rx sensitivity
RF Loopback
Synchronization of MS to BS frequency and timing

Note: Older style equipment cannot measure most of the digital

measurements including frequency or power for complex
waveforms.
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P2466-02

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Old technology test equipment

Here are some images of older analog
type test equipment that met system
requirements for many years until
digital systems became more
prevalent.

This type of instrumentation has

capabilities to measure conventional
analog systems but does not have the
tools to properly align or diagnose the
newer digital systems.
Everything is done in hardware which
does not allow for new technologies to
be incorporated.

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New technology test equipment

Modern technology equipment is software defined.
Without changing hardware, new technologies can
be implemented as field upgradeable software
updates.
Signals are digitized and many measurement
functions that used to be assemblies are now done in
software.

Measurement functions and source signals are much

more accurate than the earlier versions of test
equipment. Even portable units can measure signals
as low as -140 dBm.
Both Portable and Bench model units can be
equipped to work with most technologies that are
currently in use.

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Aeroflex Private Mobile Radio Test Equipment

3920B Analog and Digital Radio Test Set

1 GHz or 2.7 GHz platform variants
Standard high performance analog duplex features AM/FM
Digital PMR system options for TETRA, TEDS, P25, DMR, dPMR,
NXDN portable, mobile and base station equipment

3550R Radio Test System

The 3550R is the first truly portable touch-screen radio
communication test system. The 3550R is an easy to use,
integrated test system for complete radio receiver and
transmitter performance testing, cable fault and antenna
system analysis.

8800 Portable Analog and Digital Radio Test System

Rugged lightweight analog/digital service monitor
Full band spectrum analyzer
Tracking generator
Power VSWR meter

Aeroflex Company Confidential

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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview

The 3900 is a Software Defined platform designed for a
variety of Private Mobile Radio applications

3920 in the field for >6 years

3920B launched in 2013

~ 4-4.5k Systems built and fielded

(including >500 for TETRA)

Major Digital Systems supported

P25 / HPD
TETRA / TEDS
DMR / dPMR / NXDN

Analog Systems
AM / FM / SSB

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General Look and Feel

TEST Manual Tiled Display Mode

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Analog Duplex configuration

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Aeroflex Company Confidential

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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview

Tetra Test Modes

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TETRA System Options

Option 110
Terminal (MS & MST1)
Autotest MS

Option 111
Base station (BS & BST1)

Option 112
Tetra Direct Mode

Option 114
Tetra Energy Economy Mode

Option 115
Tetra Autotest II

Option 611
Motorola Tetra script

Option 118
Tetra TEDS BS

Option 119
Tetra TEDS MS
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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview

Tetra MS Test Modes

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Overview of 3920 TETRA MS features

Tx and Rx on-channel measurements as per ETSI

EN 300 394-1

Supports all TETRA call and messaging modes

TETRA T1 test mode and T1 RF loopback

TETRA TT registration and TT loopback

AutoTest for MS

TIP Compliant : Tetra Interoperability Profile

Core services, SDS and testing requirements

Ensure compatibility of equipment from various suppliers

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Tetra MS Test Mode

Testing terminals

Radio Test Set simulates a TETRA Base Station

Mobile registers to the test set

Enables mobile to transmit and / or receive

Many other functional tests can be performed

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Mobiles identity is obtained

Mobile sets up a call to the test set or vice versa

Must match configuration expected by mobile

Checks the configuration and capability of the mobile

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Tetra MS Test Mode : TX Test

Tested as per ETSI EN 300 394-1

Burst Power

Power Profile

Modulation Accuracy
Vector EVM peak

Vector EVM RMS

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Residual Carrier

Frequency Error

Timing Error

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Tetra MS Test Mode : RX Test

TT-Loopback

The 3900 sends a Test Pattern in a traffic channel

with TT protocol (MCC/MNC=1)
MS re-transmits Test Pattern to the 3900
The 3900 checks Test Pattern for errors and
calculates BER

T1-Loopback

Manual testing of radios in special test modes

T1 test signals generated complying with ETSI EN
300 394-1
Measurement of BER in Service PC or in 3900 from
loopback signal

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Tetra MS Test Mode : SDS Short Data

Status Message Acknowledgement Report

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Tetra MS Test Mode : Autotest

Perform routine testing of TETRA terminals

automatically
Saves time, de-skills and standardizes procedure,
records results

Flexible Test Scripts for Automated Testing

Functional tests
Transmitter Measurements

Receiver Measurements
Audio Measurements

AutoTest
result file
AutoTest script
completed

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Aeroflex 3900 Series

Tetra Base Station

test modes

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Tetra BS Test Modes

Tetra BS mode Tests Base Station transmitters

Power, vector and frequency error, residual carrier

Tetra BS T1 mode Tests Base Station receivers and Tx

Generates various uplink T1 signals for BER, MER and
PUEM measurement
Automatic synchronisation to BS Tx signal
External sync input allows Rx-only test
Tx tests as BS mode

Off-air reception in Tetra BS mode

Locates and identifies base station
3900 decodes BS identity: MCC, MNC, BCC and LA

Capture, demodulate and channel decode all four slots

continuously for up to 16s

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Tetra BS Mode : TX Test

Power

Modulation Accuracy
Vector EVM peak
Vector EVM RMS

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Residual Carrier

Frequency Error

BS decode/burst type

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Tetra BS T1 Test Mode

T1 Synchronization Modes
The T1 Test System provides Signals (T1 Type 7, TCH/7.2
Uplink) which allow BER tests to be carried out on the receiver
of the base station under test. The Test Set must be
synchronized to the base station frame structure to perform
BER testing.
The Test Set has two synchronization modes, Auto and Pulse

Receiver Number
= 1
SGC Attenuation (dB)
= 0
Sync Location (1/10 symb) = 0
Sync. Amplitude (dB)
= -104
Total Bits/Msgs
= 4320
Bits/Msgs in Error
= 1966
BER/MER (%)
= 45.509
RSSI (dBm)
= -128

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2
0
49
-89
4320
89
2.060
-118

3
0
32
-110
4320
2002
46.343
-134

RX results from the BS maintenance terminal

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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview

DMR Test Modes

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Test DMR

DMR TX Test
RF Control:

Generate / Receive

Measurement windows

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UUT Measurements

Advanced Analysis

Eye Diagram

Spectrum Analyzer

Symbol Distribution

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DMR test screen

DMR RX Standard Test Patterns

STD IB 1031 1kHz tone

STD IB CAL (1% BER)

STD IB 511 (.153)

STD OB TSYNC
(Outbound Data Sync)
Speech (recorded)
Voice (audio/microphone)
Silence

Advanced Analysis

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DMR repeater mode

Repeater Test / Tx mode SYNC

Signal Power

Frequency Error
Modulation Fidelity

Symbol Clock Error

TX/RX BER

Symbol Deviation

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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview

NXDN/dPMR Test Modes

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NXDN/dPMR Testing
The 3900 NXDN/dPMR Test Systems are optional test systems
developed by Aeroflex to support the testing of digital twoway radio systems.

Generate / Receive
UUT Measurements
Distribution Plot
Eye Diagram
Constellation Plot
Spectrum Analyzer
Pattern for RX
verification

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NXDN/dPMR Testing
RX Testing : Test Pattern with User defined RAN / dPMR encode

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Future of Test Equipment

Test equipment is rapidly becoming more application specific.

Nearly all of today's digital radios are calibrated in a more

conventional method of making standard FM Deviation
adjustments.
With more capable test equipment being available, some
manufacturers are supporting adjustment in a digital mode as
well.

Todays test equipment must be able to both identify and

correct digital modulation signal impairments.
Digital signal impairments typically cause issues with coverage
area.

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Future of Test Equipment

Automation is moving forward

for most radio manufactures to
support accurate alignment in
the field.
Radio alignment is very critical
with todays radios. Close just
isnt good enough anymore.

Automatic alignment features

help to ensure that radios are
calibrated accurately and to
manufacturers specifications
and verify digital performance.

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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview

Autotest II Test
Mode

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Autotest II Key Features

AUTOTEST II

Fully self contained via internal computer and software

3900 Issues commands to the radio

Interfaces are USB or RS-232 or User Defined

A full industry standard open source programming language called

TCL (Tool Command Language)

Access to the complete RCI capability of 3920

Scripts are plain text

simple or highly complex automated testing

More Extensive Use of Graphics

Red, Blue, Green Concept

Complex Tests Easy to Understand Results

Prompts for Operator

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Autotest II Manufacturers options

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AutoTest scripts automatically perform verification and/or

radio alignment of different manufacturer radio types

Aeroflex develops Autotest II scripts with various radio

Manufacturers including Motorola, Airbus, Harris, ICOM,
Kenwood, Hytera

9/25/2014

Aeroflex Company Confidential

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Autotest II Tetra + option 611

Aeroflex Autotest script MOTOROLA Tetra MS T1

AutoTest script to automatically perform RX and TX
verification of Motorola Tetra radios

Supports MTP850 MTM800 MTH800

Includes mandatory special test cable

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Autotest II Tetra + option 611

Running option 611

Radio model is automatically determined and corresponding test
sequence is started
RX and/or TX tests are performed

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At the end of test, results can be saved or printed and summary is

displayed with pass/fail color code.

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Autotest II DMR + option 610

Aeroflex Autotest script Motorola DMR Mototrbo

TM

AutoTest script to automatically perform verification and

alignment of Motorola DMR radios

Supports DP3000 series, DP4000 series

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Autotest II Tetra + option 610

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Automatically identifies radio model and corresponding

script and specification

Cable loss calibration menu

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Autotest II DMR + option 610

Running option 610

Test results

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Summary screen

Text file

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Aeroflex 8800 NEW

Portable Analog and Digital

Radio Test System

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Aeroflex 8800

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Base Configuration:

Options:

Aeroflex 8800

DMR

Channel Analyzer

dPMR

Oscilloscope

NXDN

DMM

P25

Standard Accessories:

Tracking Generator

Auto-Test Ready!

DC Power Supply

OBW

AC Cord

Internal Bird WPS Power Meter Option

Protective Front Cover

Language GUI Options

Type N Adapters

Optional Accessories

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Battery

Microphone

Enhanced VSWR Kit

Bird WPS

Rack Mount Kit

Soft Case

Transit Case

Antennas

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QUESTIONS?

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