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Bilayer organic
photovoltaic cell
Bulk-Heterojunction
photovoltaic cell
Focusing on formation
and deposition of the
active layer
Nanoparticle
morphology
ACTIVE LAYER
DONOR
DONOR
ACCEPTOR
ACCEPTOR
Conjugated polymer
possessing
delocalized
Fullerene
based
materials: the LUMO
orbital
of
these
materials is able to
accept the transferred
from the exciton formed
in the polymer
PCBM
Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5diyl)
The most used and studied
(the molecular weight of
P3HT affect on efficiency
of charge mobility)
Better mobility
through P3HT NPs
ICBA
Indene C60
NP-OPV
Roll-to-Roll
deposition
method
Obtain
large area
of contact
between
Donor
and Acceptor
Avoid
thea defects
of thin
films (i.e.
dewetting
phenomena)
Avoidgross
the defects
of thin films
(i.e.annealing
dewettingleading
phenomena)
Avoid
phase separation
upon
to formation
Avoid gross phase separation upon annealing leading to formation
of near pure Donor and Acceptor domains
of near
pure Donor
and Acceptor domains
Obtain
a solution
with pysico-chemical
properties suitable for Roll Obtain a solution with pysico-chemical properties suitable for Rollto-Roll deposition method
to-Roll deposition method
Advantages:
Using water as solvents
Low concentration of surfactant
Core-shell structure
Stability on time of the NPs
solution (months)
Scalable process
Drawbacks:
Difficulty in the complete
removal of surfactant
Gross phase separation
Domains of near-pure PCBM and
P3HT
Surfactant-free
Surfactant-freeprecipitation
precipitation
method
method
P3HT:ICBA
CHC
Me(OH) or
Et(OH)
Ultrasoni
c bath
Magnetic
stirring
Precipitation
of NPs and
evaporation
of CHC
Advantages:
Surfactant-free process
Fully blended NPs
Gross phase separation does not
occur
Scalable process
Drawbacks:
Low control on size
Using of organic solvent
Low concentration of the
solution
Low stability of NPs solution
during the time (aggregation
Nanoprecipitation
Nanoprecipitationmethod
method
(solvent
(solventdisplacement
displacement
procedure)
procedure)
Advantages:
Surfactant-free process
Scalable process
Drawbacks:
Low control on size
Formation of PCBM-based NPs
leading to aggregation
Donor
Donormaterials
materialsimprovement
improvement
Studying on effect of difference molecular weight of the P3HT polymer:
Morphological
changes
resulting
from
thermal
annealing
are
highly
dependent upon the Mw of
P3HT:
High Mw of polymer leads
to a better diffusion of
molecular PCBM
Mw of the polymer
affect the elctronic and
compositional structure
of the NP films:
PCBM mobility drive the
composition
of
the
domain
that
is
correlated
with
the
device performance
Acceptor
Acceptormaterials
materialsimprovement
improvement
NPOPV fabricated from P3HT:ICBA blends exhibit the highest PCE (4%)
reported for NPOPV cells
ICBA is miscible in P3HT at all weight fraction:
This enhanced miscibility of ICBA in P3HT results in a more efficient
intermixed structure leading to an improved performance of the annealed
P3HT:ICBA NPOPV devices
As
spun
Dried
Core and shell ICBA fractional
compositon
Anneal
ed
Plasmonic enhancement
can be used for the
enhancement of the light
absorption and
photocurrent of OSCs
MNPs
MNPsintroduced
introducedinto
intoPEDOT:PSS
PEDOT:PSS
CONCLUSIONS
NPOPV represent a promising new solar devices:
Devices efficiency having incresed from 0.004% to 4% in less than 5
years
Low cost of the starting materials and the production process
Elimination of the need for volatile flammable solvents in device
production through water-based NPOPV coatings
Water-based solar paint offers the prospect of printing large area OPV
devices using existing printing facility
NPs behave completely differently from polymer blends spun from organic
solvents, NPs are a completely new material system, so that the old rules
for OPV devices fabrication are no longer applicable.
Next stage devolpment involve:
Understanding the mechanism NP structure and NP film morphology
How to controll and optimise these aspect