Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
27
no.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
27
Per: Tapiche-Blanco
Instituciones participantes/
Participating Institutions
www.fieldmuseum.org/rbi
Per: Tapiche-Blanco
C U BA
Protegido/Protected
08
Acres
1,427,400
1,353,190
55,451
74,054
322,979
433,099
216,005
420,635
1,478,311
956,248
592,749
30,700
70,000
336,089
868,927
3,527,182
3,343,805
137,022
182,991
798,098
1,070,211
533,760
1,039,412
3,652,986
2,362,940
1,464,714
75,861
172,974
830,494
2,147,165
8,635,837
21,339,615
51,112
202,342
777,021
9,469
597,471
900,172
130,925
308,463
126,301
499,998
1,920,061
23,398
1,476,383
2,224,373
323,523
762,228
2,976,975
7,356,265
405,549
432,000
35,810
14,900
2,075
24,100
70,680
603,380
398,449
1,002,133
1,067,495
88,488
36,819
5,127
59,552
174,654
1,490,984
984,589
Total Fortalecido/Reinforced
1,986,943
4,909,841
TOTAL HECTREAS/ACRES
13,599,755
33,605,726
01
02
03
06
11
12
15
16
17
18
20
21
21
22
23
14
13
10
Hectreas
09
Bolivia
Per
Ecuador
Bolivia
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Ecuador
Ecuador
Per
Per
Tahuamanu
Cordillera Azul
Cofn-Bermejo
Federico Romn
Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo
Ampiyacu-Apayacu
Megantoni
Matss
Sierra del Divisor
Nanay-Pintayacu-Chambira
Gepp
Terr. Ancestral Cofan
Cofanes-Chingual
Maijuna
Yaguas
Total Protegido/Protected
Propuesto/Proposed
05
06
11
19
23
25
26
27
Bolivia
Bolivia
Per
Ecuador
Per
Per
Per
Per
Madre de Dios
Federico Romn
Yavar
Dureno
Yaguas-Cotuh
Ere-Campuya-Algodn
Cordillera Escalera-Loreto
Tapiche-Blanco
Total Propuesto/Proposed
Fortalecido/Reinforced
COLOMBIA
03 19
21
20
04
07
08
09
10
13
14
20
24
China
Yunnan
Cuba
Zapata
Cuba
Cubitas
Cuba
Pico Mogote
Cuba
Siboney-Jutic
Cuba
Bayamesa
Cuba
Humboldt
Ecuador Cuyabeno
Per
Kampankis
25
ECUADOR
23
18
24
22
12
26
BRASIL
11
16
27
02
17
06
PER
01
15
05
BOLIVIA
INFORME/REPORT NO. 27
Per: Tapiche-Blanco
Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Lelis Rivera Chvez, Tyana Wachter,
Diana Alvira Reyes, lvaro del Campo, Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia, David Rivera
Gonzlez, Luis Trevejo, Dani Rivera Gonzlez y/and Sebastian Heilpern
editores/editors
Octubre/October 2015
Instituto de Investigaciones de
la Amazona Peruana (IIAP)
Herbario Amazonense de
la Universidad Nacional de la
Amazona Peruana (AMAZ)
Centro de Ornitologa y
Biodiversidad (CORBIDI)
Esta publicacin ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty
Moore Foundation y The Field Museum./This publication has been funded in
part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The Field Museum.
Editores/Editors
Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Lelis Rivera Chvez,
Tyana Wachter, Diana Alvira Reyes, lvaro del Campo,
Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia, David Rivera Gonzlez, Luis Trevejo,
Dani Rivera Gonzlez y/and Sebastian Heilpern
Diseo/Design
Costello Communications, Chicago
Mapas y grficas/Maps and graphics
Mark K. Johnston, Jonathan Markel y/and Blanca Sandoval Ibaez
Traducciones/Translations
Patricia lvarez-Loayza (English-castellano), lvaro del Campo
(English-castellano), Emily Goldman (castellano-English),
Sebastian Heilpern (castellano-English), Humberto Huaninche
Sachivo (castellano-Capanahua), Nigel Pitman (castellano-English),
Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza (English-castellano), Ruth Silva (Englishcastellano) y/and Lauren Wustenberg (castellano-English)
The Field Museum es una institucin sin fines de lucro exenta de
impuestos federales bajo la seccin 501(c)(3) del Cdigo Fiscal Interno./
The Field Museum is a non-profit organization exempt from federal
income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
CONTENIDO /CONTENTS
espaol
english
bilinge/bilingual
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
EQUIPO DE CAMPO
Mara I. Aldea-Guevara (peces)
Universidad Nacional de la Amazona Peruana (UNAP)
Iquitos, Per
maryaldea@hotmail.com
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
Gobiernos locales
Municipalidad Distrital Alto Tapiche
Municipalidad Distrital Sopln
Municipalidad Distrital Tapiche
COLABORADORES
Comunidades (en orden alfabtico)
Comunidad Campesina Canchalagua
Ro Tapiche, Per
Comunidad Nativa Espaa
Ro Blanco, Per
Comunidad Nativa Frontera
Ro Blanco, Per
Comunidad Nativa Lobo Santa Rocino
Ro Blanco, Per
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
PERFILES INSTITUCIONALES
Instituto de Investigaciones de la
Amazona Peruana (IIAP)
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
Herbario Amazonense
Esquina Pevas con Nanay s/n
Iquitos, Peru
51.065.222.649 tel
herbarium@dnet.com
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
AGRADECIMIENTOS
10
11
Agradecimientos (continuacin)
12
13
Agradecimientos (continuacin)
14
MISIN
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
15
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
9 26 de octubre de 2014
Colombia
Leyenda
Ecuador
Nueva
Esperanza
Brasil
Tapiche-Blanco
Per
10
20
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
km
Frontera
Bl
an
co
Ta
pich
Palmera del
Tapiche
Wicungo
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Zona Reservada
Sierra del Divisor
16
Regin
El ro Tapiche, tributario del ro Ucayali ubicado a su margen derecho, drena una
gran extensin de selva baja amaznica en el sur de la Regin Loreto, Per. Durante
el inventario rpido visitamos siete sitios en un rea de 310,000ha entre el Tapiche
y su ms grande tributario, el ro Blanco. Parte del territorio ancestral de los pueblos
indgenas Capanahua y Matss, sta es una gran extensin de bosque sin caminos
o carreteras que forma un corredor natural entre dos reas protegidas adyacentes
(ver mapa). Sin embargo, aos de tala, caza y exploracin petrolera han dejado una
herencia conspicua de trochas madereras, tocones de rboles derribados y lneas
de prospeccin ssmica. Hoy en da la mayor parte del rea est demarcada como
concesiones forestales y petroleras. A la fecha existen 23 comunidades campesinas,
comunidades nativas y otros asentamientos a lo largo de los ros Tapiche y Blanco,
con una poblacin aproximada de 2,900 residentes mestizos, Capanahua y Kichwa.
Sitios visitados
Quebrada Pobreza
Cuenca del
ro Tapiche
Cuenca del
ro Tapiche
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
17
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
Enfoques sociales
Resultados biolgicos
principales
Especies estimadas
para el rea
Plantas vasculares
962
2,5003,000
Peces
180
400500
Anfibios
65
124
Reptiles
48
100
Aves
394
550
42
101
Murcilagos
12
103
1,703
3,8784,478
18
Elementos
Arena blanca
Mayor extensin en el Per
Varillales, chamizales, sabanas
Arenas cuarzitas (2 ma)
Quebradas de aguas negras
del paisaje
Humedales
Depresin de Ucamara,
en proceso de hundirse,
igual que Pacaya-Samiria
Turberas profundas
con stock de carbono
Aguas blancas,
negras y claras
El Blanco y el Tapiche son ros de aguas blancas pobres en nutrientes. Las formaciones
geolgicas que drenan estos ros corresponden ampliamente a los tres elementos del
paisaje descritos anteriormente. A las reas inundables les subyacen sedimentos
aluviales recientes y turberas que se localizan dentro de la Depresin Ucamara que se
est hundiendo lentamente de la misma manera que los vastos humedales de PacayaSamiria ms al norte. Los depsitos de arenas de cuarzo del Plio-pleistoceno (de aprox.
2 millones de aos) estn por debajo de los varillales y los chamizales. Finalmente, la
Formacin Ipururo (de 25 millones de aos) ocupa la mayora de las terrazas.
Los suelos que se derivan de las tres formaciones geolgicas tienden a ser arenosos,
pobres en nutrientes y cubiertos por una densa alfombra de races cuyo grosor vara de
515 cm en los suelos ligeramente ms ricos de las terrazas hasta 1030 cm en las
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
19
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
Geologa, hidrologa
y suelos
(continuacin)
Esta es una de las regiones geolgicamente ms activas en las tierras bajas de Loreto,
surcada por fallas profundas y someras. La ms notable es la Falla Bolognesi, cuyo papel
en el levantamiento de las terrazas por encima de los bosques de arena blanca al
occidente del ro Blanco le hace conspicua en las imgenes de satlite. El mismo ro
Blanco parece haberse desarrollado a lo largo de una zona de fallas secundarias que muy
posiblemente permiti al Blanco la geolgicamente reciente captura de las cabeceras
que antes pertenecan al ro Glvez.
Los suelos arenosos pobres en nutrientes de este paisaje le hacen especialmente
vulnerable a actividades extractivas de gran escala. La alfombra de races que a la fecha
protege los suelos puede ser fcilmente destruida por la construccin de caminos,
deforestacin y manejo forestal intensivo. La prdida de estas alfombras de races podra
resultar en una erosin excesiva de las terrazas y el subsecuente azolvamiento de
humedales importantes y varillales y chamizales que se encuentran ro abajo. Aunque los
tres pozos petroleros que han sido perforados son secos, la exploracin est en marcha y
constituye un grave riesgo. La perforacin en el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco puede
causar derrames de aguas de formaciones salobres o de petrleo que puede contaminar
las aguas superficiales y ecosistemas acuticos, una preocupacin especialmente grave
dados los niveles excesivamente bajos de sales en el paisaje.
Vegetacin
De manera general, el paisaje tiene tres conjuntos de vegetacin: humedales, bosques
de arena blanca y bosques altos de tierra firme (ver ilustracin arriba). Dentro de estos
elementos encontramos una gran heterogeneidad de tipos de vegetacin (cinco tipos y
ocho sub-tipos), muchos de ellos creciendo sobre suelos pobres en nutrientes, con
especies especializadas y endmicas.
Los bosques en suelos pobres incluyen aquellos que crecen sobre arena blanca y los que
crecen sobre turbera. Los varillales y chamizales sobre arena blanca son muy similares en
fisonoma y composicin a los de las Reservas Nacionales Matss y Allpahuayo-Mishana,
pero dominados por otras especies. Tambin encontramos hbitats en apariencia muy
similares a los varillales, incluso con la presencia de ciertas especies que se crean
20
El equipo botnico colect 1,069 especmenes de plantas vasculares y observ cerca de
200 especies adicionales para un total de 962 especies registradas durante el inventario.
Estimamos que la flora del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco posee 2,5003,000 especies
de plantas vasculares.
La comunidad de peces registrada en los hbitats acuticos del interfluvio de TapicheBlanco es muy diversa. Durante los 14 das de evaluacin, registramos 180 especies en
22 estaciones de muestreo. La mayora de las estaciones fueron quebradas de aguas
negras y la mayor parte de nuestros registros son especies adaptadas a esos hbitats
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
21
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
Peces
pobres en nutrientes. Estimamos una ictiofauna para toda la cuenca del ro Tapiche-
(continuacin)
De nuestros registros para este inventario, cuatro son posibles nuevos registros para
elPer o potencialmente nuevas para la ciencia, correspondientes a los gneros
Hemigrammus, Tyttocharax, Characidium y Bunocephalus.
De las especies registradas en este inventario el 23% son compartidas con la Zona
Reservada Sierra del Divisor, el 22% con lo registrado en un inventario reciente en la
cuenca baja del ro Tapiche, y el 7% con lo registrado en un inventario rpido de la
Reserva Nacional Matss. El 50% de las especies registradas en nuestro inventario
nofueron registradas en los tres inventarios anteriores.
Aproximadamente la mitad de las especies que registramos son usadas de alguna
formapor los pobladores de la regin. Muchas son especies ornamentales y son
comercializadas en el mbito nacional e internacional (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum,
Hyphessobrycon spp., Hemigrammus spp., Corydoras spp., Apistogramma spp. y
Gymnotus spp.) segn la DIREPRO (2013), siendo la cuenca de los ros Tapiche-Blanco
zonas de pesca preferentes para este fin. Otras especies son de consumo y constituyen
la principal fuente de protena de las comunidades locales. Entre stas se destacan
especies de hbitos migratorios como sbalos (Brycon, Salminus), sardinas (Triportheus),
lisas (Leporinus, Schizodon), boquichicos (Prochilodus, Semaprochilodus), doncellas y
zngaros (Pseudoplatystoma, Brachyplatystoma). Tambin se reporta la presencia y
consumo del paiche (Arapaima spp.).
Anfibios y reptiles
Como registros notables destaca la rana venenosa Ranitomeya cyanovittata, con una
distribucin restringida a la porcin sur de Loreto. Cuatro especies de ranas registradas
durante el inventario podran ser nuevas para la ciencia: Hypsiboas aff. cinerascens,
Osteocephalus aff. planiceps, Chiasmocleis sp. nov. y Pristimantis aff. lacrimosus.
Tambin registramos dos especies consideradas Vulnerables en el mbito mundial de
acuerdo con la UICN: la tortuga motelo (Chelonoidis denticulata) y la tortuga de ro
taricaya (Podocnemis unifilis, tambin considerada Vulnerable en la legislacin nacional).
22
Aves
Encontramos 394 especies de aves en los tres campamentos visitados, una riqueza
intermedia a la de los inventarios rpidos en la Reserva Nacional Matss (416 especies)
y la Zona Reservada Sierra del Divisor (365 especies). Al agregar otros registros
histricos y de trabajo realizado en las cuencas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, el nmero
total de especies de aves registradas para el interfluvio es de 501. Estimamos que la
avifauna regional de Tapiche-Blanco es de 550 especies.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
23
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
Mamferos
(continuacin)
24
La mayor parte de la zona ha sido designada por el estado como Bosque de Produccin
Permanente incluso grandes extensiones de varillales que no tienen aptitud forestal
alguna, a pesar de que ya no quedan especies maderables de alto valor comercial en
el paisaje. Hay varias concesiones forestales en la regin, pero muchas se caducaron en
aos recientes. Tambin hay actividad forestal en bosques locales de las comunidades,
as como operaciones madereras ilegales e informales que afectan toda la regin.
Existen tres concesiones de hidrocarburos en la zona. En los ltimos dos aos la
empresa petrolera Pacific Rubiales ha abierto decenas de kilmetros de lneas ssmicas
en el sector sur del rea de estudio.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
25
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
Principales objetos de
conservacin
01 La
02 Bosques
delPer
03 Suelos
Fortalezas principales
para la conservacin
01 Bosques
02 Herramientas
nueva ley forestal del Per, que representa una oportunidad para que el estado
01 Operaciones
actoresde la zona
04 Un
26
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
Reserva
Nacional
Pacaya Samiria
50 Reserva
Lote
137
Nacional
km
Pacaya Samiria
Lote
95
ZONA 1A
Zona
Reservada
Sierra del
Divisor
Tapiche-Blanco
Zona
Reservada
Sierra del
Divisor
Tapiche-Blanco
Lote
135
Concesin forestal
vigente
Pozos exploratorios
Pozos propuestos
Bosque de produccin
permanente
Lotes petroleros
Lneas ssmicas
183
Recomendaciones
principales
01 Completar
02 Crear
participativa para lograr una gestin efectiva del territorio comunal, de las reas
naturales protegidas adyacentes y de otras iniciativas deconservacin
05 Tomar
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
27
Por qu Tapiche-Blanco?
En julio de 2014 un grupo de investigadores que mapeaba las reservas de carbono superficial
enel Per anunci dos descubrimientos sorprendentes: los bosques amaznicos en la Regin
Loreto poseen la mayor parte del carbono del Per, y las reservas de carbono ms grandes se
encuentran en los bosques a lo largo de la frontera Loreto-Brasil (Asner et al. 2014).
Dos meses ms tarde, nuestro equipo aterriz en este hotspot del carbono, para identificar
las oportunidades para la conservacin. Nuestro enfoque era un paisaje de aproximadamente
305,000 hectreas entre los ros Tapiche y Blanco (Fig. 2), una zona de selva baja que constituye
un corredor natural entre dos reas protegidas: la Reserva Nacional Matss al este y la Zona
Reservada Sierra del Divisor al sur.
Gracias a los inventarios rpidos previos en esas reas sabamos que el interfluvio de
Tapiche-Blanco alberga la mayor extensin de arenas blancas en el Per 18,000ha de varillales
y chamizales a lo largo de la margen izquierda del Blanco adyacente a un vasto humedal y a una
an ms grande extensin de bosques megadiversos de tierra firme. A pesar de esta promesa,
nuestras reuniones con las comunidades previas al inventario tambin indicaron que la regin ha
sido por mucho tiempo una base para industrias extractivas insostenibles: tala ilegal, concesiones
de hidrocarburos y caza no regulada.
Nuestro trabajo de campo mostr una oportunidad para consolidar un importante
corredor de conservacin en este hotspot de carbono de Loreto. Durante el inventario de tres
semanas, nuestro equipo descubri una variedad sorprendente de tipos de vegetacin enana
sobre arenas blancas y turbas, incluyendo sabanas abiertas que son extremadamente raras en el
Per. Se registr 15 especies de primates, incluyendo el uakari o huapo rojo, amenazado a nivel
mundial; se document una diversidad de plantas y vertebrados a nivel de rcord mundial en un
paisaje desuelos pobres, drenados por algunos de los arroyos de aguas negras ms pobres jams
registrados en la Amazona; y se registr ms de 15 grandes extensiones de rango para aves
amaznicas que se especializan en suelos pobres.
Cerca de 3,000 personas campesinos, Capanahuas, Kichwas y Wampis viven
en 22 asentamientos a lo largo de los ros Tapiche y Blanco. Sus medios de vida incluyen desde
actividades de subsistencia (caza, recoleccin, pesca y agricultura a pequea escala) hasta el
comercio en los mercados regionales (madera, peces ornamentales). Aunque muchos de estos
asentamientos datan de la poca del boom del caucho a inicios del siglo XX, slo cuatro estn
reconocidos oficialmente comotierras tituladas.
Consolidar el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco como un rea de conservacin implicar
asegurar la tenencia de la tierra para la poblacin local, promover un mejor manejo de los recursos
naturales y poner fin a la tala ilegal. Rodeado por un anillo amortiguador de comunidades, un
paisaje de conservacin de 308,463ha formar el ncleo del rea, con proteccin estricta para los
bosques de arena blanca y con reas de uso sostenible para los residentes locales en los bosques
inundados y de tierra firme.
28
2A
Per: Tapiche-Blanco
2A
Iquitos
Pucallpa
Lima
Per
Inventario biolgico/
Biological inventory
Inventario social/
Social inventory
Propuesta rea para la
conservacin y el uso sostenible
Varillales de Tapiche-Blanco/
The proposed Varillales de
Tapiche-Blanco conservation
and sustainable use area
Frontera Per-Brasil/
Peru-Brazil border
2B
2B
Elevacin / Elevation
180 230 m
150 180 m
90 150 m
Inventario biolgico/
Biological inventory
Inventario social/
Social inventory
Propuesta rea para la
conservacin y el uso
sostenible Varillales de
Tapiche-Blanco/The proposed
Varillales de Tapiche-Blanco
conservation and sustainable
use area
Frontera Per-Brasil/
Peru-Brazil border
3A
FIG. 3 El equipo biolgico visit
tres campamentos durante el
inventario rpido /The biological
team visited three campsites during
the rapid inventory
3A En nuestro campamento
Wiswincho muestreamos 22 km de
trochas que atravesaban bosques
inundados y un inmenso complejo
de humedales /At our Wiswincho
camp, we sampled 22 km of trails
through flooded forests and an
immense wetland complex
3B Nuestro sistema de trochas de
25 km en el campamento Anguila
se bas en una lnea ssmica
recientemente cortada, que nos
permiti muestrear las colinas de
tierra firme y parches dispersos
de bosques de arena blanca /
Our Anguila trail system was based
on a recently cut seismic survey line
that allowed us to sample 25 km of
upland hills and scattered patches
of white-sand forest
3B
3C En el campamento Quebrada
3C
3D
3E
3F
4A
4B
10 cm
4C
4D
4E
4F
4G
u
Inventario biolgico/
Biological inventory
5A
Inventario social/
Social inventory
Agua/Water
Turbera inundada/
Flooded peatlands
Bosque ripario/
Riparian forest
Varillal y chamizal/
White-sand forests
Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forests
Aguajales/
Mauritia palm swamps
Sabanas/Savannas
en Loreto Pacaya-Samiria y
Jeberos que albergan estas
sabanas, con plantas y animales
nicos / Only two other sites in
Loreto Pacaya-Samiria and
Jeberos are known to harbor
these savannas and their unique
plants and animals
Sabana de turberas/
Peatland savanna
5B
Sabana de turberas/
Peatland savanna
5C
Bosque ripario/
Riparian forest
5D
5E
Varillal/
Stunted white-sand forest
5F
Chamizal/
Dwarf white-sand forest
5G
6A
6B
6C
6D
6E
6F
6G
6H
6J
7H
6K
6L
6M
6N
7A
7B
7C
7D
7E
7F
7G
7H
7J
7K
7L
7M
7N
7O
7P
7Q
7R
FIG. 7 Las comunidades diversas
de peces son una de las bases
fundamentales de la economa local
en el paisaje Tapiche-Blanco. De las
500 especies estimadas, casi la mitad
son utilizadas por las comunidades
locales / Diverse fish communities
are one of the key foundations of
the local economy in the TapicheBlanco region. Of the 500 species
estimated to occur here, nearly half
are used by local communities
7A Osteoglossum bicirrhosum,
ornamental
7M Characidium pellucidum,
ornamental
7N Aequidens diadema, ornamental
7O Iguanodectes purusii, ornamental
7P Hemigrammus aff. ocellifer,
ornamental
7Q Hyphessobrycon agulha,
ornamental
7R Characidium sp. nov.
7S
7D Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma,
ornamental
7E Moenkhausia comma, ornamental
7F Copeina guttata, ornamental
7G Gasteropelecus sternicla,
ornamental
7H Corydoras pastazensis,
ornamental
7J Pyrrhulina aff. laeta, ornamental
7K Corydoras arcuatus, ornamental
7L Carnegiella strigata, ornamental
7T
7U
7V
7W
8A
8C
8B
8D
8E
8F
8G
FIG. 8 Situado en el epicentro de
diversidad global para anfibios, el
paisaje Tapiche-Blanco alberga por
lo menos 124 especies de anfibios
y 100 especies de reptiles / Located
in the global epicenter of amphibian
diversity, the Tapiche-Blanco region
is expected to contain at least 124
amphibian and 100 reptile species
8H
8J
8A Anolis tandai
8B Enyalioides laticeps
8C Rhinobothryum lentiginosum
8D Bothrops brazili
8E Melanosuchus niger
8F Chiasmocleis sp. nov., nueva
8L
8H Ranitomeya uakarii
8J Leptodactylus diedrus
8K Hypsiboas nympha
8L Synapturanus rabus
8M Osteocephalus yasuni
8N Pristimantis aff. lacrimosus,
8M
8N
8O
8P
8Q
9A
9B
9C
9D
9E
9F
9G
9H
9J
(female)
9K
9K
10A
10B
10C
10D
9B
10E
10F
10G
10H
10J
10K
10L
10M
10N
10 O
10Q
FIG.10 Se estima que el paisaje
Tapiche-Blanco albergue ms
de 200 especies de mamferos,
incluyendo la mayora de los
primates conocidos de Loreto /
The Tapiche-Blanco region is
estimated to harbor more than
200 mammal species, including
more than half of all the primate
species known from Loreto
10A Saguinus fuscicollis, endmico
10P
10R
10S
11A
FIG.11 Aproximadamente 3,000
habitantes Capanahua, Kichwa,
Wampis y mestizos viven a lo largo
de los ros Tapiche y Blanco. Durante
el inventario rpido visitamos ocho
de estas comunidades, pasando la
mayor parte del tiempo en Wicungo,
Palmera del Tapiche, Frontera y
Lobo Santa Rocino / Some 3,000
Capanahua, Kichwa, Wampis, and
mestizo residents live along the
Tapiche and Blanco rivers. During
the rapid inventory we visited
eight communities, spending the
most time in Wicungo, Palmera
del Tapiche, Frontera, and Lobo
Santa Rocino
11A La comunidad nativa de
Wicungo en el alto ro Tapiche
(Capanahua, poblacin: 120) /
The indigenous Capanahua
community of Wicungo on the
upper Tapiche (pop. 120)
11B
11C
11D
11E
11F
12A
12B
12C
12E
12D
12F
12G
13A
13A Una comparacin de imgenes
satelitales de 2005 y 2013 revela
perturbaciones en el bosque: viales
madereros en el norte y estudios
ssmicos en el sur /Comparing
satellite images taken in 2005 and
2013 reveals forest disturbance
linked to logging roads in the north
and seismic surveys in the south
13B Como es el caso en gran parte
de la Amazona, la tala en el
paisaje Tapiche-Blanco no es
financieramente sostenible y se
basa en la explotacin de los
trabajadores locales /As is the case
in much of the Amazon, logging in
the Tapiche-Blanco region is not
financially sustainable and is
subsidized by the exploitation of
local workers
13C Muchos aos de tala no
regulada han devastado las reservas
de madera de la regin, pero no su
bosque continuo y su espectacular
valor de conservacin /A long history
of unregulated logging has
devastated the regions timber
stocks, but not its continuous forest
and spectacular conservation value
Iquitos
Pucallpa
10
km
13B
Lima
Per
13C
OBJETOS DE CONSERVACIN
01
02
03
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53
Un archipilago de bosques sobre arenas blancas (ver arriba), en los cuales las
plantas crecen tan despacio que la recuperacin de reas deforestadas puede
demorar dcadas
04
05
Una muestra representativa de una zona geogrfica que posee los records
mundiales de diversidad en rboles (ter Steege et al. 2003), anfibios, aves y
mamferos (Jenkins et al. 2013), y peces y otros organismos de agua dulce
(Collen et al. 2014)
54
06
Bosques y chacras con una gran diversidad de plantas utilizadas por los
pobladores locales para comida, medicina y material de construccin (ver el
Apndice 10)
Ros de agua blanca (Tapiche y Blanco) que albergan peces de alta importancia
pesquera a nivel regional y nacional, los cuales constituyen una fuente
importante de protena para los pobladores locales, como Arapaima, Brycon,
Leporinus, Schizodon, Prochilodus y Colossoma
07
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55
08
Cinco plantas (MINAG 2006): Euterpe catinga (VU; Fig. 6G), Haploclathra
paniculata (VU), Mauritia carana (VU; Figs. 6MN), Pachira brevipes (VU) y
Parahancornia peruviana (VU)
Dos aves (MINAGRI 2014): Nyctibius leucopterus (VU; Fig. 9A) y Primolius
couloni (VU)
56
09
10
Plantas: una especie de rbol nueva del gnero Platycarpum (Fig. 6B)
Mamferos: un morfotipo inusual del primate Callicebus cupreus (C. aff. cupreus
rojo; Fig. 10N) que podra representar una especie nueva
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FORTALEZAS Y OPORTUNIDADES
01
02
03
04
Un consenso entre los gobiernos nacional y regional sobre el alto valor para la
conservacin del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco
05
06
Planes de vida avanzados para todas las comunidades del Blanco y para el
75% de las comunidades del Tapiche, gracias al trabajo de CEDIA
58
07
08
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59
09
10
60
AMENAZAS
01
02
Concesiones forestales que incluyen bosques sin vocacin forestal (p. ej.,
varillales) o bosques en los cuales ya no hay poblaciones econmicamente
viables de especies maderables; esta situacin favorece el blanqueo de
madera obtenida en otros lugares
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61
Amenazas (continuacin)
03
04
62
05
06
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63
Amenazas (continuacin)
07
08
64
RECOMENDACIONES
Nuestro inventario de los bosques en el interfluvio de los ros Tapiche y Blanco revel extensiones grandes de
bosques de arena blanca y humedales con profundas turberas, ambos en muy buen estado de conservacin, y
bosques de tierra firme megadiversos pero marcados por aos de actividad maderera ilegal. A pesar de la tala
ilegal histricamente restringida a un pequeo nmero de especies de primera y segunda clase el rea ha
logrado mantener comunidades diversas, reservas de carbono grandes y un alto valor para la conservacin.
Aun falta mucho trabajo para sanear de forma fsica y legal el rea. Unos 3,000 residentes campesinos e indgenas
Capanahua, Kichwa y Wampis viven en las riberas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco alrededor del rea de conservacin
propuesta. Solo tres asentamientos tienen ttulo oficial, a pesar de llevar ms de tres generaciones de existencia.
Adems, existen docenas de figuras forestales (bosques locales, permisos forestales, concesiones forestales,
permutas de concesiones forestales) en el paisaje, muchas sin documentacin oficial y varias creadas de forma
ilegal. No existe un mapa actualizado y socializado de todos los usos de la tierra y derechos de uso en la zona.
Para lograr la conservacin y manejo a largo plazo en el Tapiche-Blanco ser necesario tomar una serie de pasos
en paralelo: sanear las tierras, eliminar la tala ilegal, promover un manejo de recursos naturales ms sostenible y
crear mejor coordinacin entre los actores en la zona. Este juego de actividades crear las condiciones adecuadas
para la declaracin de un rea de conservacin entre los ros Tapiche y Blanco (308,463 ha) con proteccin
estricta para los 18,000ha de varillales al oeste del ro Blanco y para la creacin de otra figura de conservacin
que proteger el gran humedal al oeste del medio Tapiche (aprox. 90,000 ha), cerca al asentamiento de Wicungo.
PROTECCIN Y MANEJO
01
02
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65
RECOMENDACIONES
Generar con las comunidades un protocolo para vigilar y denunciar la tala ilegal
en sus reas comunales as como en la propuesta rea de conservacin
03
66
04
Proteger los extraordinarios humedales del medio Tapiche (aprox. 90,000 ha),
cerca de los asentamientos de Wicungo y Santa Elena, buscando la figura legal
adecuada que permita el uso por las comunidades bajo planes de manejo. Los
humedales son fuente de alevinos y otros recursos acuticos para toda la Regin
Loreto y representan un sitio crtico para aves playeras y un refugio para el caimn
negro (Melanosuchus niger), especie en recuperacin despus de aos de ser
perseguida por su piel. Un inventario biolgico y social, potencialmente liderado
por investigadores del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazona Peruana (IIAP),
ayudara a definir la mejor manera de conservar el sitio y su funcin ecolgica a
favor de las comunidades locales.
05
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67
RECOMENDACIONES
06
Crear una figura de coordinacin a nivel de cada cuenca y/o de las dos
cuencas, a travs de un proceso de reflexin de todas las comunidades de
los ros Tapiche y Blanco
07
68
08
Eliminar el traslape de los tres lotes de petrleo (95, 135 y 137) con el rea
propuesta, ya que cuenta con una extensin grande de varillales, bosques muy
frgiles de arena blanca con niveles altos de especies endmicas
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70
Informe tcnico
INFORMACIN REGIONAL
El rea estudiada en el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco es un bloque de
aproximadamente 315,000 ha de selva baja en la Amazona peruana, delimitado por
el ro Tapiche al oeste, el ro Blanco al este y al sur, y la confluencia de los dos ros en
el norte. El rea est ubicada a unos 40 km de la frontera entre el Per y Brasil y es
casi equidistante a unos 200 km de tres importantes ciudades peruanas: Iquitos,
Pucallpa y Tarapoto. Un tro de reas protegidas rodea el interfluvio de TapicheBlanco, con la Reserva Nacional Matss (420,596 ha) al norte y al este, la Zona
Reservada Sierra del Divisor (1,478,311 ha) al este y al sur, y la Reserva Nacional
Pacaya-Samiria (2,170,220 ha) al noroeste.
Hay 22 asentamientos dispersos a lo largo de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, habitados
en su mayora por campesinos y algunos miembros del pueblo indgena Capanahua.
Muchos de los asentamientos datan del segundo boom del caucho a inicios del siglo
XX (1920 y 1930) o se originaron a partir de campamentos madereros temporales
que se convirtieron con el tiempo en asentamientos ms permanentes. Solamente hay
4 comunidades tituladas, y hay 15 comunidades (7 campesinas y 8 nativas) en
proceso de titulacin.
A pesar de la abundancia de zonas de arena blanca inadecuadas para la
extraccin de madera, todo el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco est designado como
Bosque deProduccin Permanente. Se han otorgado concesiones forestales en estas
cuencas, pero la mayora de ellas han sido anuladas o declaradas inactivas.
Durante el inventario haba una concesin activa grande (74,028 ha) en el corazn
de Tapiche-Blanco, que fue otorgada a Green Gold Forestry Per SAC en 2012, en
permuta por otra concesin que la empresa abandon en la cuenca del Tigre, donde
el paisaje era arenoso y poco productivo, y donde las comunidades locales negaron
el acceso a la concesin. En la poca del inventario Green Gold Forestry planeaba
iniciar operaciones en su concesin de Tapiche-Blanco en 2015, pero desde
entonces ha movido sus operaciones a otra concesin en Loreto a travs de una
segunda permuta.
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71
de 3133C.
La zona est atravesada por fallas que van desde el
http://www.cultura.gob.pe/sites/default/files/paginternas/
tablaarchivos/2014/03/08-solicituddereservaindigenatap
72
Occidental, http://www.cultura.gob.pe/sites/default/files/
paginternas/tablaarchivos/2014/03/06-solicituddereserv
aindigenasierradeldivisoroccidental.pdf). En Tapiche-
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73
ro Blanco.
tapichejungle.com).
74
et al. 2009).
et al. 2013).
Blanco1.
Nuestros dos
confluencia Tapiche-Yanayacu.
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75
sabana en turberas.
Visitamos dos lagos de aguas negras: una en la
aguas negras.
nuestras redes.
76
en la zona previamente.
materiaorgnica.
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77
y de composicin similar.
78
chamizales en turberas.
coloracin en Callicebus.
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79
INTRODUCCIN
80
Geologa regional
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81
Yaquerana y Divisor.
Stallard (2006a) observ que el canal del ro
82
y activo.
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83
interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco.
84
esperar que los suelos en las reas que fueron una vez la
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85
gubernamental y no gubernamental.
MTODOS
Para estudiar el paisaje del Tapiche-Blanco, visitamos
tres sitios (Figs. 2A, 2B; ver el captulo Resumen de los
sitios del inventario biolgico y social, en este volumen).
Estos sitios cuentan con distintas caractersticas
hidrolgicas, topogrficas y de vegetacin, lo que
permite la comparacin de varios ambientes diferentes.
El campamento Wiswincho est situado en las llanuras
de inundacin del ro Yanayacu (Blanco) dentro de la
regin de confluencia de los ros Tapiche y Blanco. Este
campamento ofrece acceso a las zonas de humedales y a
las riberas del ro Blanco. El campamento Anguila se
encuentra en el paisaje colinoso entre los ros Tapiche y
Blanco desarrollado sobre la formacin Nauta, y el
amplio valle del ro Yanayacu (Tapiche), que puede haber
sido formado en parte por fallamiento. El campamento
Quebrada Pobreza, a orillas de la quebrada Pobreza,
permiti el acceso a la franja de 10 km de ancho de
varillales y vegetacin relacionada desarrollados en las
arenas de cuarzo blanco (mapeados como aluvin
Pleistoceno). Un sendero cruzaba la Falla de Bolognesi,
facilitando el acceso a la tierra firme adyacente
desarrollada sobre la formacin Ipururo.
El trabajo de campo se centr en las reas a lo largo
de los sistemas de senderos y a lo largo de los ros y
86
RESULTADOS
Campamento Wiswincho
Tierras bajas planas producto de la subsidencia activa de
la Depresin de Ucamara caracterizan la parte norte del
rea de estudio, entre los ros Blanco y Tapiche, cerca de
su confluencia. El campamento Wiswincho se encuentra
a lo largo de la llanura de inundacin del ro Yanayacu
(Blanco), a unos 2 km de su confluencia con el ro
Blanco. Las amplias llanuras de inundacin y humedales,
dominados por pantanos de montculos (hummock
swamps) y bosque inundado por aguas negras, fueron
lascaractersticas predominantes de la zona alrededor
87
los montculos.
forma permanente.
Al oeste del campamento se encuentran turberas
el Yanayacu (Blanco).
88
Campamento Anguila
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89
Figura 14. Mediciones en campo de pH y de conductividad de varias muestras de agua de localidades andinas y amaznicas, en micro-Siemens por
cm. Los smbolos slidos y en negro representan las muestras de agua de quebradas recolectadas durante este estudio. Los smbolos slidos grises
claros representan las muestras colectadas en seis inventarios rpidos anteriores: Matss (Stallard 2006), Nanay-Mazn-Arabela (Stallard 2007),
Yaguas-Cotuh (Stallard 2011), Cerros de Kampankis (Stallard y Zapata-Pardo 2012), Ere-Campuya-Algodn (Stallard 2013) y Cordillera EscaleraLoreto (Stallard y Lindell 2014). Los smbolos abiertos de color gris claro corresponden a numerosas muestras colectadas en otros sitios de la cuenca
del Amazonas y del Orinoco. Vale notar que las muestras de ciertos sitios tienden a agruparse de acuerdo a su geologa y suelos. En la selva baja del
Per destacan cuatro grupos: 1) aguas negras cidas y de pH bajo asociadas con suelos de cuarzo, 2) aguas de baja conductividad asociadas con la
formacin Nauta 2, 3) aguas con una conductividad ligeramente ms alta asociadas con la formacin Nauta 1 y 4) aguas que drenan la formacin
Pebas, con conductividad y pH bastante ms elevadas. La formacin Ipururo, observada en este estudio, no puede ser distinguida de las formaciones
Nauta 1 y 2. Las aguas del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco ocupan un gradiente entre aguas negras cidas y de baja conductividad y aguas claras
extremadamente puras y de baja conductividad. Dos muestras colectadas en collpas (lamederos) en el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco tienen valores de
conductividad de 20 y 310 S/cm. La del valor menor fue colectada en el campamento Quebrada Pobreza; su valor de conductividad solo supera
ligeramente el de las quebradas en ese campamento. La otra muestra es del campamento Anguila y se parece ms con las collpas tpicas de Loreto.
Leyenda
Andes
cidos puros
Cuencas tectnicas
Aguas negras
Formacin Iquitos
Meteorizado
Escudos
IR Matss/Divisor
IR NAM
IR Yaguas
pH (-log(aH+)
Ro Negro
IR Kampankis/Escalera
Formacin Nauta 1
Formacin Pebas
6
Salar de Pilluana
Formaciones
Nauta 2
Ipururu
IR ECA
IR TB1 Wiswincho
IR TB2 Aguila
Caliza
IR TB3 Pobreza
Collpas
9
1
10
100
1000
10000
Conductividad (S cm-1)
90
sin cuarzo.
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91
despus de 12 horas.
Se aprendi mucho de esta calicata y su agua. La
conductividad.
conclusin.
DISCUSIN
El paisaje Tapiche-Blanco es una mezcla compleja de
ecosistemas que funcionan con niveles extremadamente
bajos de nutrientes disponibles, y con una distribucin
que est fuertemente afectada por la geologa
subyacente, la topografa y los patrones de drenaje y
suelos asociados. El paisaje se encuentra dentro de una
regin de subsidencia tectnica, con la Depresin de
Ucamara al oeste y una falla a lo largo del ro Blanco
hacia el este. Las colinas en este paisaje se desarrollan
sobre roca sedimentaria del Plioceno. Los suelos
desarrollados sobre estos paisajes son arenas francas y
margas arenosas excepcionalmente pobres en nutrientes.
El fallamiento parece haber creado dos pequeas fosas
tectnicas (grabens) que han conservado los suelos de
arena de cuarzo derivados de aluviones depositados en
una penillanura del Pleistoceno temprano (la penillanura
del Ucayali). En otras partes de Loreto, los parches de
este aluvin de arena de cuarzo se conservan en las
colinas aisladas que no se han erosionado. Los suelos de
arena de cuarzo, que son arenas y arenas francas, son
excepcionalmente pobres en nutrientes. Los depsitos
ms ricos en arcilla y en limo formados en las llanuras
de inundacin activas derivadas de la erosin de los
sedimentos del Plioceno, son tambin pobres en nutrientes.
No vimos ninguna deposicin relacionada a las quebradas
que drenan exclusivamente suelos de arena de cuarzo.
Muchas fallas se manifiestan como valles
alargados y quebradas rectas ms pequeas que son
paralelas a la falla. Estos son especialmente visibles en la
orilla derecha del ro Blanco, en la falla que se alinea con
el ro a lo largo de la regin con varillales. Algunas de
las colinas bajas a lo largo de la Falla de Bolognesi, que
separa los varillales del terreno colinoso, estn cubiertas
con arena de cuarzo, pero tienen pendientes ms bajas de
la formacin Ipururo, lo que indica el levantamiento a lo
largo de mltiples ensanchamientos de la falla (fault
splays). El fallamiento a lo largo del canal del Blanco
parece haber permitido que el Blanco capture las
antiguas cabeceras del ro Glvez, que drena hacia el
norte a travs de las tierras altas de Yaquerana.
93
en el paisaje ms amplio.
94
ya sea con la ltima gran subida del nivel del mar hace
AMENAZAS
la sabana de chamizal.
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95
INTRODUCCIN
VEGETACIN Y FLORA
96
MTODOS
Trabajo anterior al inventario
El trabajo del equipo botnico empez en mayo de 2014,
con el sobrevuelo del rea de inters para la seleccin de
los sitios de muestreo (Apndice 1). Nuestro inters se
centr en aquellas zonas que, segn las imgenes de
satlite (Fig. 2A), tenan mosaicos de diferentes tipos de
vegetacin. Una vez seleccionados los sitios de muestreo,
el equipo compil informacin sobre la flora y vegetacin
de sitios cercanos y similares. Esta informacin incluy
listas de especies y otra informacin generada por los
estudios mencionados en la introduccin de este captulo
y la clasificacin de varillales de la Reserva Nacional
Allpahuayo-Mishana (Garca-Villacorta et al. 2003).
En esta fase inicial tambin recibimos de Hans ter
Steege una lista de las 1,578 especies de rboles que se
espera encontrar en la regin, segn un modelo
predictivo espacial parametrizado con datos de
inventarios de rboles realizados en varios tipos de
vegetacin (bosques de tierra firme, inundados y sobre
arenas blancas) a travs de la cuenca amaznica
(Amazon Tree Diversity Network; ter Steege et al. 2013).
El modelo tambin gener para cada una de las 1,578
especies esperadas un estimado de abundancia para el
interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco. Los inventarios ms
influyentes en el modelo fueron los ms cercanos,
especialmente los realizados alrededor de Jenaro Herrera
(ver arriba). Por lo tanto, los datos de ATDN nos
permitieron averiguar, de manera general, hasta qu
punto las comunidades de rboles en la zona TapicheBlanco son semejantes a las comunidades de rboles en
Jenaro Herrera.
Entre el 14 y 26 de setiembre de 2014 se llev a
cabo el trabajo de avanzada del inventario, el cual
consisti en la habilitacin de los campamentos y
trochas. Durante esta fase, dos miembros del equipo
botnico (Torres Montenegro y Mori Vargas) ingresaron
a los campamentos Wiswincho y Anguila,
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97
fcil identificacin.
Estados Unidos.
identidad de la especie.
Para estandarizar la nomenclatura de los nombres
98
org/TNRSapp.html).
La vegetacin fue mapeada de una forma muy
Geonoma (5 spp.).
transectos estudiados.
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIN
Riqueza y composicin florstica del Tapiche-Blanco
Durante 15 das de intenso muestreo, el equipo
botnico logr visitar la mayora de los hbitats y tipos
de vegetacin del rea. Registramos un total de 962
especies de plantas vasculares para los tres campamentos
(Apndice 2) y estimamos 2,5003,000 para toda el rea
99
(Rutaceae).
Euterpe precatoria.
Tabla 1. Nmero de especies de plantas vasculares reportadas y estimadas durante inventarios rpidos de la flora y
vegetacin de 10 localidades en la Regin Loreto, Per.
Inventario rpido
Yavar
100
No. de especies de
plantas vasculares
reportadas
1,675
No. de especies de
plantas vasculares
estimadas
Referencia
2,5003,500
1,500
2,5003,500
Gepp
1,400
3,0004,000
Matss
1,253
2,5003,500
Nanay-Mazn-Arabela
1,100
3,0003,500
Ere-Campuya-Algodn
1,009
2,0002,500
997
3,0003,500
Tapiche-Blanco
962
2,5003,000
Este informe
Yaguas-Cotuh
948
3,0003,500
Maijuna
800
2,500
Quebrada Pobreza.
el futuro prximo.
Registros notables
ocurrencia ms occidental.
Especies nuevas
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preparacin).
stas incluyen:
Tetrameranthus pachycarpus;
Turberas
penduliflora (VU).
Tipos de vegetacin
102
por hectrea.
turba ms delgada.
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Tabla 2. Tipos y subtipos de vegetacin del rea de estudio en el interfluvio de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, en la selva baja de la Amazona peruana.
104
Turberas/Peatlands
Vegetacin sobre suelos aluviales inundables, pobres en nutrientes, cubiertos de una capa de materia
orgnica en descomposicin (turba), la cual alcanza una profundidad de ~5 m.
Varillal de turberas/
Stunted peatland forest
Un bosque bajo, compuesto de rboles de tallos finos (<30 cm DAP), con un dosel de 1215 m, el suelo
cubierto de abundante materia orgnica (14 m de espesor). Observada en el campamento Wiswincho.
Representado por el color naranja en el mapa de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
Chamizal de turberas/
Dwarf peatland forest
Vegetacin densa con rboles de pequeo porte (<20 cm DAP), con un dosel de 57 m, el suelo
cubierto de una capa de materia orgnica de <1 m de espesor. Observada en el campamento Wiswincho.
Representado por el color naranja en el mapa de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
Sabana de turberas/
Peatland savanna
Vegetacin tipo pastizal, dominada por herbceas (ciperceas, helechos y lquenes), con pequeas
islas de rboles y arbustos que alcanzan los 35 m de altura. El terreno es plano con mal drenaje
(presenta muchas charcas). El suelo es arcilloso, cubierto de una capa fina de materia orgnica (3040
cm de espesor). Observada en el campamento Wiswincho. Representado por el color marrn en el mapa
de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
Bosque pantanoso en substrato de turba permanentemente saturado, con poblaciones densas (100400
individuos/ha) de la palmera aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa). Tambin puede presentar comunidades arbreas
mixtas de aguaje con otras especies de rboles. Ocupa bloques grandes en el norte y oeste del rea de
estudio (Fig. 5A), as como parches pequeos en ambientes mal drenados en el resto del rea.
Representado por el color morado en el mapa de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
Bosque alto con rboles de gran porte, con un dosel de 2530 m, sobre suelos aluviales ocasionalmente
inundables, limosos, cubierto de una capa de materia orgnica de 2030 cm de espesor. Observada en
el campamento Wiswincho, en la margen derecha de la quebrada Yanayacu. Representado por el color
verde claro en el mapa de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
Vegetacin relativamente densa, con rboles de gran porte y un dosel entre los 25 y 30 m. Forma parte
del sistema aluvial y permanece inundado por 36 meses al ao. Observada en el campamento
Wiswincho, en donde se encontraba a lo largo del ro Blanco (vrzea) y la quebrada Yanayacu (igap).
Representado por el color verde claro en el mapa de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
Vegetacin ubicada a lo largo de ros y cochas de aguas negras. Presenta un dosel cerrado de 1518 m
de altura en las orillas y 2530 m de altura lejos de las orillas. Suelos aluviales relativamente pobres.
Vegetacin variable en los mrgenes del ro Blanco, desde vegetacin sucesional en las orillas (playas de
arena blanca) hasta bosque alto (2530 m de altura) distante de las orillas. Suelos aluviales ms ricos
que los de igap.
Vegetacin muy densa, creciendo sobre suelos de arena blanca muy fina y muy pobre, con mal drenaje y
una capa de materia orgnica muy fina (520 cm de espesor). Observados en los campamentos Anguila
y Quebrada Pobreza, presentando mayor extensin a lo largo de la margen izquierda del ro Blanco (la
extensin de bosque sobre arena blanca ms grande del Per). Representado por el color naranja en el
mapa de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
Bosques densos, con un dosel de 1012 m de altura, sobre suelos de arena blanca, con una capa de
materia orgnica fina y abundantes races.
Bosques muy densos, con un dosel de 45 m de altura, sobre suelos de arena blanca.
Bosques densos con un dosel de 2535 m de altura, con emergentes hasta 45 m, sobre suelos francos
(areno-arcillosos, arcillo-arenosos) cubiertos de una capa fina de hojarasca y materia orgnica (525 cm
de espesor). Observados en los campamentos Anguila y Quebrada Pobreza, extendindose en gran parte
del rea de estudio. Representado por el color verde oscuro en el mapa de vegetacin (Fig. 5A).
conservacin.
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en el otro.
Perturbaciones
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107
plantas utilizadas).
AMENAZAS
108
palmiche.
PECES
INTRODUCCIN
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110
RESULTADOS
Riqueza y composicin
Registramos un total de 180 especies de peces
(~3,700individuos), correspondiendo a 9 rdenes,
34familias y 111 gneros (Apndice 5). De estas
180especies, 124 corresponden a colecciones, 33 a
observaciones y 23 a las encuestas.
En su mayora, los peces capturados correspondieron
al orden Characiformes, con ms del 53% de la riqueza
total (96 de 180 spp.), seguido por el orden Siluriformes
con el 27% (48 spp.), el orden Perciformes con el 10%
(18 spp.) y el orden Gymnotiformes con el 4% (7 spp.).
Los dems grupos fueron menos frecuentes, colectndose
solo entre una y cinco especies por orden. El predominio
de Characiformes y Siluriformes es lo usualmente
Figura 15. Mapa de lugares de muestreo ictiolgico en la cuenca de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, Amazona peruana.
Leyenda
Campamentos de
inventarios rpidos
Tapiche-Blanco
Reserva Nacional
Pacaya-Samiria
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
Chonc
0
25
50
km
Itia
Tbu
Wiswincho
Quebrada
Pobreza
nco
al
R o Tap ic he
y
ca
Ro
Bla
Anguila
Actiam
Zona Reservada
Sierra del Divisor
Iquitos
Pucallpa
Ojo de
Contaya
Lima
Tapiche
Peru
Divisor
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Campamento Wiswincho
112
Campamento Anguila
La red hidrogrfica de este campamento corresponde
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DISCUSIN
En cuanto a la riqueza de especies de peces para la
cuenca amaznica, existe un amplio intervalo de
estimaciones, desde las 1,200 (Gry 1990) hasta las
7,000 especies (Val y Almeida-Val 1995). Cada ao se
van incorporando nuevas especies, por lo que la
ictiofauna de la cuenca amaznica no termina de ser
descrita. El territorio peruano comprende parte
importante de la cuenca amaznica occidental, lo que
contribuye a que exista una gran diversidad de hbitats
y especies endmicas. Para la Amazona peruana se
reportan ms de 800 especies de las 1064 especies
que se registran para todo el territorio peruano.
Sin embargo, an existen muchas reas prstinas, de
difcil acceso que faltan explorar y estudiar y que
seguramente incrementara en nmero de especies en
la cuenca amaznica.
Se conoce que las especies no se distribuyen de
manera homognea, sino que lo hacen de acuerdo a los
tipos de agua. As puede hablarse de una ictiofauna
tpica de aguas negras (Goulding et al. 1988), otra de
aguas claras y otra ms tpica de aguas blancas (LoweMcConnell 1987). La cuenca del Tapiche-Blanco posee
una increble heterogeneidad de hbitats, responsable
de una alta diversidad y en consecuencia comunidades
singulares de peces asociados a cada uno de ellos.
Tenemos que tomar en consideracin adems la
geologa de estos suelos, de arena blanca y pobres en
nutrientes. Principalmente, las quebradas son de aguas
negras y drenan a los ros principales. Dentro de estos,
registramos pH menores a 5, evidenciando agua muy
cida, siendo tal vez las aguas negras ms extremas de la
Amazona peruana, y conductividades menores a 10 S/
cm (ver Capitulo: Geologa). La ictiofauna registrada es
tpica de estos ecosistemas y adaptada a estas condiciones.
Hay que destacar que la mayora de cuerpos de aguas
114
peces migratorios.
ambientes en su conjunto.
AMENAZAS
A lo largo del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco, cualquier
extraccin significativa de madera aumentar la erosin
y sedimentacin en los cuerpos acuticos, derivando en
una serie de impactos como los cambios en la calidad
fisicoqumica del agua y el incremento de los slidos en
suspensin. La mayora de hbitats acuticos observados
durante nuestra evaluacin corresponden a pequeas
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600
Similaridad Bray-Curtis
0
20
40
60
80
100
500
Tapiche (IR17)
No. de especies
400
Contaya (IR17)
Divisor (RI17)
300
Matss (RI16)
200
Wiswincho (RI27)
Anguila (RI27)
1
Jack 1 Mean
Bootstrap Mean
reproduccin y el reclutamiento.
La parte baja de la cuenca Tapiche-Blanco presenta
comunidad de peces.
116
ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES
Autores: Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia, Marco Odicio Iglesias
y Pablo J. Venegas
Objetos de conservacin: Comunidades herpetolgicas que figuran
entre las ms diversas del mundo; una muestra representativa
de comunidades de anfibios y reptiles de bosques de tierra firme
y de los varillales en buen estado de conservacin; ranas de la
familia Dendrobatidae, como Ranitomeya cyanovittata (Fig. 8P)
y Ameerega ignipedis, endmicas de esta zona; los caimanes
Melanosuchus niger y Paleosuchus trigonatus, que se encuentran
casi amenazados de acuerdo a la legislacin peruana, y
Caiman crocodilus que sufre elevada presin de caza; especies de
consumo local como las tortugas Podocnemis unifilis y Chelonoidis
denticulata, categorizadas como Vulnerables segn la UICN (2014)
INTRODUCCIN
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118
MTODOS
Del 9 al 26 de octubre de 2014, evaluamos anfibios y
reptiles en tres campamentos que cubran ecosistemas de
bosque inundable y bosque de tierra firme, entre las
cuencas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco (ver el mapa en la
Fig. 2A y el captulo Resumen de los sitios del inventario
biolgico y social, en este volumen).
La tcnica de muestreo utilizada fue el inventario
completo de especies (Scott 1994). Realizamos caminatas
durante la maana, entre las 09:00 y 12:00horas, y en las
noches, entre las 19:00 y 24:00horas. Buscamos anfibios
y reptiles en reas potenciales de ocurrencia como la
hojarasca, aletas derboles, colchn de raicillas del suelo,
charcas estacionales y la vegetacin de ribera de ros
y quebradas. Nuestro esfuerzo de muestreo sum un
totalde 179 horas-hombre repartidas en 17 das de
muestreo, que variaron entre campamentos: 42 horas/
hombre (5 das) en el campamento Wiswincho, 65 horas/
hombre (7 das) en el campamento Anguila y 72 horas/
hombre (5 das) en el campamento Quebrada Pobreza.
Asimismo, reportamos ejemplares registrados de manera
oportunista en la comunidad de Wicungo por miembros
del equipo social, as como por uno de los miembros del
equipo herpetolgico.
Para cada individuo observado y/o capturado,
anotamos la especie y el tipo de vegetacin y microhbitat
en el que se encontraba. Adems, reconocimos algunas
especies por el canto y por fotografas de otros
investigadores, miembros del equipo logstico, biolgico
y social. Grabamos los cantos de algunas especies de
anfibios que contribuirn al conocimiento sobre la
historia natural de estas especies. Fotografiamos por
lo menos un individuo de la mayora de las especies
observadas durante el inventario. Estos cantos y
fotografas son parte de las colecciones cientficas
depositadas en el Centro de Ornitologa y Biodiversidad
en Lima (CORBIDI) y en la Coleccin Referencial de
Biodiversidad (CRB) del Programa de Investigacin en
RESULTADOS
Riqueza y composicin
Registramos un total de 971 individuos (801 anfibios y
170 reptiles) que corresponden a 113 especies, de las
cuales 65 son anfibios y 48 son reptiles. Registramos
11familias y 26 gneros de anfibios, de las que destacan
las familias Hylidae y Craugastoridae por presentar la
mayor riqueza de especies (27 y 12 respectivamente). Para
reptiles registramos 15 familias y 38 gneros, destacando
las familias Colubridae y Gymnophthalmidae con 17 y 5
especies respectivamente.
Basndonos en los registros de inventarios en
cercanas, y la lista de especies cuyo rango geogrfico
estimado incluye el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco
(UICN 2014), estimamos que la regin evaluada puede
albergar 124anfibios y 100 reptiles. Por lo tanto,
nuestro esfuerzo de muestreo registr el 50% de la
herpetofauna estimada para la zona. El sub-muestreo fue
ms severo para los reptiles, patrn observado en otros
inventarios, ya que este grupo presenta un elevado nivel
de cripticismo y no vocaliza a diferencia de los anfibios.
119
de los autores).
Campamento Wiswincho
(varillales principalmente).
amplia distribucin.
En este campamento destaca el registro de todas las
120
DISCUSIN
Diversidad herpetolgica en el interfluvio de
Tapiche-Blanco y en otras localidades de Loreto
La diversidad de herpetofauna registrada en el interfluvio
de Tapiche-Blanco es muy similar a la registrada en otros
inventarios de la Regin Loreto, como los de la Reserva
Nacional Matss (Gordo et al. 2006) y la Zona Reservada
Sierra del Divisor (Barbosa da Souza y Rivera 2006).
En cuanto a la diversidad de anfibios, la zona es similar
a la mayora de inventarios realizados en Loreto(ver la
Tabla 3). Solo difiere notoriamente con loreportado en los
inventarios de bosques sobre suelos ricos como Yavar y
Yaguas, que reportaron 78 y 75especies, y en Matss
(74 especies), que abarc una gradiente de suelos ricos a
suelos muy pobres (Rodrguez y Knell 2003, 2004;
Gordo et al. 2006, Vriesendorp et al. 2006a). Adems
del suelo como un factor determinante, aspectos como
precipitacin durante los muestreos, mayor cantidad de
gradientes ambientales y mayor disponibilidad de hbitats
y microhbitats son determinantes y afectan los registros
durante el inventario.
En cuanto a reptiles, lo reportado est dentro del
promedio de especies registradas en todos los inventarios
(ver la Tabla 3). El menor nmero de especies de reptiles
que se logra registrar en los inventarios es explicado por
aspectos de su biologa que dificultan los registros, como
el mayor nivel de cripticismo, ausencia de vocalizacin,
mayor sigilo en el desplazamiento. Por lo tanto, requiere
un mayor esfuerzo de captura para poder alcanzar una
lista cercana a la composicin absoluta de una localidad.
Composicin herpetolgica en el interfluvio de
Tapiche-Blanco y en otras localidades de Loreto
La Figura 20 muestra la similaridad de Morisita entre la
composicin de herpetofauna de localidades con bosques
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Campamento
Wiswincho
6
Campamento
Anguila
Campamento
Wiswincho
2
7
Campamento
Anguila
3
5
20
19
10
Campamento
Quebrada
Pobreza
122
10
Campamento
Quebrada
Pobreza
molecular y bioacstica.
Registros notables
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123
Tabla 3. Nmero de especies de anfibios y reptiles reportadas en todos los inventarios rpidos realizados en la selva baja de Loreto, Amazona peruana.
Localidad
No. de
anfibios
No. de
reptiles
Total
Publicacin
Yavar
77
43
120
64
40
104
Matss
74
35
109
68
41
109
Nanay-Mazn-Arabela
53
36
99
Cuyabeno-Gepp
59
48
107
Maijuna
66
42
108
Yaguas-Cotuh
75
53
128
Ere-Campuya-Algodn
68
60
128
Tapiche-Blanco
64
48
112
este estudio
66.8
44.6
112.4
Promedio
Extensiones de rango
Similaridad de Morisita
0.90
0.84
0.78
0.72
0.66
0.60
0.54
Anguila
Quebrada Pobreza
Palomino-Linares
et al. (2013b)
Tapiche (RI17)
Wiswincho
estrechamente la herpetofauna.
Las grandes extensiones de bosques sobre arena
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AVES
Autores: Brian J. OShea, Douglas F. Stotz, Percy Saboya
del Castillo y Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza
Objetos de conservacin: Un grupo de 17 especies restringidas a
bosques de suelos pobres (varillales y chamizales), especialmente
el Nictibio de Ala Blanca (Nyctibius leucopterus), Hormiguerito de
Cherrie (Myrmotherula cherriei) y Saltarn Negro (Xenopipo
atronitens), especies de distribuciones pequeas y disyuntas en
Loreto; 5 especies restringidas a bosques inundables de la
Amazona occidental; 15 especies clasificadas en categoras de
conservacin especial por la UICN (IUCN 2014) o el MINAGRI
(2014), y 55 especies adicionales enlistadas en el Apndice II del
CITES, particularmente grandes loros como Guacamayo de Vientre
Rojo (Orthopsitacca manilata), Guacamayo de Cabeza Azul
(Primolius couloni), Guacamayo Azul y Amarillo (Ara ararauna),
Guacamayo Escarlata (Ara macao) y Loro de Ala Naranja (Amazona
amazonica); poblaciones de aves de caza, especialmente crcidos
ytrompeteros
INTRODUCCIN
126
et al. 2006a).
este campamento.
MTODOS
OShea, Stotz, Saboya y Ruelas estudiaron las aves en
tres campamentos en las cuencas del Blanco y el Tapiche
(ver el mapa en la Fig. 2A y el captulo Resumen de los
sitios del inventario biolgico y social, en este volumen).
Pasamos cuatro das completos y parte de dos das en
Wiswincho (1013 octubre 2014), cinco das y parte de
dos das en Anguila (1519 octubre), y cinco das y parte
de dos das en la Quebrada Pobreza (2125 octubre).
Wiswincho y Quebrada Pobreza se establecieron cerca
de tributarios en el lado izquierdo del ro Blanco y a
menos de 7 km de ste. En Wiswincho, el ro Blanco
propiamente dicho fue visitado por un da, en canoa, por
OShea. Anguila se sita en un tributario de la ribera
derecha del ro Tapiche, a 29 km del ro. La diversidad
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128
RESULTADOS
Especies amenazadas
de bandadas mixtas.
Bandadas mixtas
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Migracin
Reproduccin
130
Tabla 4. Nmero total de especies de aves por campamento para tres inventarios rpidos en las cuencas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco,
ordenados de mayor a menor diversidad. Fuentes: Schulenberg et al. (2006), Stotz y Pequeo (2006), este estudio.
Inventario/Campamento
Nmero de especies
Tapiche-Blanco/Wiswincho
Hbitat(s) dominante(s)
323
Igap/chamizal/vrzea
Matss/Actiam
323
283
Tapiche-Blanco/Anguila
270
Matss/Chonc
260
Tapiche-Blanco/Quebrada Pobreza
203
Varillal/tierra firme/igap
Matss/Itia Tbu
187
Varillal
180
149
Tabla 5. Especies clasificadas como especialistas en bosques de arenas blancas y los hbitats en los cuales los encontramos en el interfluvio de
Tapiche-Blanco. En donde se enlistan dos hbitats, la especie fue ms comn en el primero. La lista de clases de especializacin sigue los
criterios de lvarez Alonso et al. (2013). Igap=bosques inundables en ros de aguas negras; vrzea=bosques inundables en ros de aguas blancas.
Especie
Clase de especializacin
Hbitats
Crypturellus strigulosus
Local
Notharchus ordii
Estricto
Nyctibius leucopterus
Facultativo
Varillal
Topaza pyra
Facultativo
Polytmus theresiae
Facultativo
Chamizal
Trogon rufus
Facultativo
Galbula dea
Facultativo
Epinecrophylla leucophthalma
Local
Tierra firme
Myrmotherula cherriei
Facultativo
Chamizal
Hypocnemis hypoxantha
Facultativo
Tierra firme
Sclerurus rufigularis
Facultativo
Deconychura longicauda
Facultativo
Tierra firme
Lepidocolaptes albolineatus
Local
Varillal
Hemitriccus minimus
Estricto
Varillal
Neopipo cinnamomea
Local
Estricto
Chamizal
Conopias parvus
Local
Ramphotrigon ruficauda
Facultativo
Attila citriniventris
Local
Xipholena punicea
Estricto
Igap
Xenopipo atronitens
Local
Chamizal
Heterocercus aurantiivertex
Local
Varillal, igap
Dixiphia pipra
Facultativo
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de un adulto.
Aves de caza
132
DISCUSIN
Hbitats y avifauna en los sitios de estudio
Campamento Wiswincho
Con 323 especies, este campamento tuvo la mayor
riqueza de especies de cualquier campamento.
Campamento Anguila
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desde aqu, junto con las aves inconspicuas del dosel que
Registros notables
de Wiswincho.
134
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chamizal en Wiswincho.
Esperbamos que varias de las especies de vrzea
136
(Pachyramphus rufus).
de arenas blancas
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138
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Migracin
140
inventario (agosto).
RECOMENDACIONES DE CONSERVACIN
Proteccin y manejo
Como es tpico en el caso de las tierras bajas de la
Amazona, la estrategia ms importante para mantener
la diversidad aviar es asegurar que la cobertura boscosa
se mantenga en pie. Esta estrategia requerira acciones
decididas en Tapiche-Blanco, dado que la regin se
encuentra bajo fuerte presin de madereros. La
conversin a agricultura es, a la fecha, una presin
mucho menos significativa. Para las aves, los ms
significativos tipos de vegetacin son los varillales y los
chamizales, que son de un valor muy limitado para la
produccin maderera y para usos agrcolas. Los bosques
inundables de esta regin estn en mucho mayor riesgo
porque son fcilmente accesibles y en ellos se encuentran
los rboles ms grandes. Estos bosques estn bajo una
presin sustancial en toda la Amazona por actividades
agrcolas y forestales; asegurarse que permanecern
intactos es una de las prioridades de conservacin ms
grandes en esta regin.
La reduccin de la presin de caza para algunas
especies de caza, como paujiles y trompeteros, requerir
de resolver el problema de la tala en la regin. Parece
claro que en las localidades que visitamos que la caza
por madereros ha contribuido a reducir las poblaciones
de estas aves. Eliminar la tala ilegal ser un gran logro
para reducir la presin de caza en esta regin. Entender
los patrones de cacera de las comunidades locales
deber tambin ser una prioridad.
Prioridades para nuevos inventarios e investigaciones
Hemos definido cinco prioridades para inventarios e
investigacin para proveer informacin relevante para
la conservacin en la regin:
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acuticas
MAMFEROS
INTRODUCCIN
El rea de estudio, entre los ros Tapiche y Blanco,
142
en donde se encontraban.
MTODOS
Realic evaluaciones de la comunidad de mamferos
entre el 9 y 26 de octubre de 2014 en tres campamentos
en el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco (Figs. 2A, B; ver el
captulo Resumen de los sitios del inventario biolgico
ysocial, en este volumen). El primer campamento
(Wiswincho) se ubica en la parte baja del ro Blanco,
el segundo (Anguila) en la parte media del ro Tapiche y
el tercero (Quebrada Pobreza) en la parte media del
ro Blanco. En cada campamento se tuvo cinco das
efectivos de evaluaciones. Para documentar la diversidad
de mamferos utilic tres metodologas descritas a
continuacin y cuantificadas en la Tabla 6.
Mamferos no voladores
Para el registro de fauna silvestre realic observaciones
directas y examin huellas y otros rastros de actividad
como restos de alimentacin, madrigueras de descanso
y/o alimentacin, marcas en rboles y olores a lo largo
de trochas que se establecieron previamente en cada
campamento.
Los recorridos tuvieron lugar en el da y en algunas
ocasiones por la noche como parte de la evaluacin de
quirpteros. Los censos se realizaron con un asistente
de una comunidad local entre las 5:30 y 6:00 am, hasta
las 16:00 o 17:00 pm. Caminamos por las trochas
lentamente (1 km/hora), observando el dosel para
detectar la presencia de mamferos arborcolas y atentos
a huellas en el suelo. Un censo fue realizado una sola vez
en cada trocha. En ocasiones seguimos las manadas de
primates hasta lograr su identificacin con certeza y
determinar el tamao de grupo. Para cada avistamiento
143
la Tabla 6.
Especies encontradas
Murcilagos
144
RESULTADOS
Tabla 6. Esfuerzo de muestreo de mamferos en tres puntos de muestreo del inventario rpido en las cuencas de
los ros Blanco y Tapiche, en la Amazona peruana.
Campamentos
Metodologas
Anguila
16
31
37
84
298
298
12
12
12
36
Quebrada Pobreza
Total
Wiswincho
Tabla 7. El nmero de especies de mamferos por orden taxonmico registradas en tres puntos de muestreo del inventario rpido
en las cuencas de los ros Blanco y Tapiche, en la Amazona peruana.
Campamentos
Orden
Wiswincho
Didelphimorphia
Cingulata
Pilosa
Chiroptera
Anguila
Quebrada Pobreza
Total
12
Primates
11
13
11
13
Rodentia
Carnivora
Perissodactyla
Cetartiodactyla
24
31
29
42
Total
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
145
campamento Anguila.
Campamento Wiswinsho
Campamento Anguila
Cmaras-trampa
de estos mamferos.
146
cmaras se ve en la Tabla 9.
tres cmaras.
Las especies que fueron registradas solo una vez en
Glaucis hirsutus.
DISCUSIN
Diversidad y estado de conservacin de la fauna silvestre
Las comunidades de mamferos de Loreto son
consideradas las ms diversas del mundo (Jenkins et al.
2013). Por lo tanto, no sorprende que la lista de especies
esperadas para el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco
representa el 37.7% del total de especies de mamferos
registradas para el Per (V. Pacheco, com. pers.). En
cuanto a la composicin, la fauna silvestre registrada en
el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco presenta bastante
afinidad con aquellas reportadas en estudios realizados
en el corredor Ucayali-Yavar (Escobedo 2003, Salovaara
et al. 2003, Amanzo 2006, Jorge y Velazco 2006).
Si bien la gran diversidad de mamferos sugiere un
buen estado de conservacin, la baja densidad y el
comportamiento huidizo de la fauna cinegtica sugieren
que la comunidad de mamferos ha sufrido la caza
excesiva en ciertas zonas. Entre los primates grandes,
encontr bajas densidades de Ateles chamek y Alouatta
seniculus, primates de amplia distribucin que
generalmente son abundantes en zonas sin fuerte presin
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
147
Un primate nuevo?
estado de conservacin.
en la espalda.
Esta es la nica subespecie de C. calvus en el Per
suhbitat.
La especie tiene particular importancia ya que
148
Tabla 8. Frecuencia de observaciones directas y huellas registradas de las especies de mamferos ms frecuentes en tres
puntos de muestreo visitados durante el inventario rpido de las cuencas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, en la Amazona peruana.
Huellas y otros rastros (no. rastros/100 km recorridos)
Nombre comn
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada Pobreza
Saguinus mystax
0.063
0.258
0.081
Saguinus fuscicollis
Pichico comn
0.063
0.290
0.027
Sapajus macrocephalus
Machn negro
0.188
0.161
0.027
Lagothrix poeppigii
Mono choro
0.063
0.097
0.108
Ateles chamek
Maquisapa
0.032
Pithecia monachus
Huapo negro
0.063
0.226
0.027
Saimiri macrodon
Fraile
0.188
0.065
0.027
Callithrix pygmaea
Leoncito
0.032
0.027
Callicebus cupreus
Tocn
0.188
0.065
0.027
Huapo rojo
0.438
0.032
0.027
Cebus unicolor
Machn blanco
0.063
0.032
Aotus nancymae
Musmuqui
0.063
0.032
0.027
Alouatta seniculus
Mono coto
0.125
0.032
0.027
Anguila
Quebrada Pobreza
0.194
0.108
Priodontes maximus
Yungunturo
Dasypus novemcinctus
Carachupa
0.313
0.129
0.568
Mazama nemorivaga
Venado gris
0.054
Mazama americana
Venado colorado
0.097
Eira barbara
Manco
0.108
Pecari tajacu
Sajino
0.250
0.452
0.054
Tapirus terrestris
Sachavaca
0.226
0.054
Dasyprocta fuliginosa
Auje
0.081
Cuniculus paca
Majaz
0.250
0.097
0.162
Cabassous unicinctus
0.097
0.054
Lontra longicaudis
Nutria
0.161
Callimico goeldii
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
149
Tabla 9. Especies de fauna silvestre registradas en las cmaras-trampa operadas en el campamento Quebrada Pobreza
antes y durante el inventario rpido en el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco, Amazona peruana.
Frecuencia de
apariciones
Promedio de
apariciones
28
31.1
19
21.1
3.3
Aguti
3.3
Pecari tajacu
Sajino
3.3
Eira barbara
Manco
2.2
Mazama nemorivaga
Venado gris
2.2
Myoprocta pratti
Punchana
2.2
Nasua nasua
Achuni
2.2
Leopardus pardalis
Tigrillo
1.1
Geotrygon montana
Paloma-Perdiz Rojiza
3.3
Glaucis hirsutus
2.2
Heliornis fulica
1.1
Tinamus guttatus
1.1
Grupo
Especie
Nombre comn
Mamferos
Cuniculus paca
Majaz
Dasypus novemcinctus
Armadillo
Atelocynus microtis
Dasyprocta fuliginosa
Aves
Nmero de
apariciones
150
Manejo y monitoreo
Investigacin
utilizando tramperas.
RECOMENDACIONES
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151
INTRODUCCIN
Este inventario social y biolgico en el interfluvio de los
ros Blanco y Tapiche en Loreto se adiciona a trabajos
previos en la regin, tales como Matss (Vriesendorp
etal. 2006a) y Sierra del Divisor (Vriesendorp et al.
2006b), los cuales contribuyeron con el sustento tcnico
para el establecimiento de dos reas protegidas: la
Reserva Nacional Matss y la Zona Reservada Sierra del
Divisor (Figs. 2A, 2B, 15). Estos inventarios buscan
consolidar la iniciativa de establecer un corredor de
conservacin y uso sostenible de los recursos naturales
en el sureste de la Regin Loreto.
En el rea de estudio a lo largo de los ros Tapiche y
Blanco habitan alrededor de 2,400 personas distribuidas
en caseros, comunidades campesinas y comunidades
nativas (etnia Capanahua y Kichwa; Fig. 21). Asimismo,
entre los ros Blanco y Tapiche se presenta la extensin
ms grande y diversa de varillales (bosques de arena
blanca; ver el captulo Vegetacin y flora, en este
volumen) de la Amazona peruana. Existen abundantes
cuerpos de agua (cochas, lagunas y quebradas) de
importancia econmica para la poblacin local, y
bosques que han sido explotados con fines comerciales
152
MTODOS
Del 9 al 27 de octubre de 2014 visitamos cuatro
comunidades nativas a lo largo de los ros Blanco (Lobo
Santa Rocino y Frontera) y Tapiche (Wicungo y Palmera
del Tapiche). Permanecimos en cada comunidad por un
lapso de tres a cuatro das. Estas comunidades fueron
escogidas por su representatividad de la realidad social
y econmica de la regin, as como por su proximidad
estratgica al rea de inters para la conservacin y uso
sostenible de los recursos naturales. Asimismo dos
miembros del equipo social realizaron una visita rpida
(dos das) a cuatro comunidades en el alto ro Tapiche
(San Antonio de Fortaleza, Nuestra Seora de Ftima,
Pacasmayo y Monte Alegre) para conocer y entender
mejor acerca de las diferentes actividades forestales que
estas comunidades han desarrollado y estn llevando
a cabo. Tambin se realiz una visita corta a la
comunidad de Espaa en el ro Blanco.
Nuestro equipo de trabajo fue interdisciplinario.
Incluy una sociloga, una ecloga social, dos ingenieros
forestales, un antroplogo, un bilogo, un especialista en
reas naturales protegidas de la Zona Reservada Sierra
del Divisor, un guardaparque de la Reserva Nacional
Matss y dos autoridades comunales provenientes de las
dos cuencas visitadas.
Durante nuestras visitas a las comunidades
utilizamos varios mtodos cuantitativos y cualitativos
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIN
Etnohistoria
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153
Figura 21. Mapa de las comunidades y asentamientos en el rea de influencia del inventario rpido en el interfluvio del Tapiche-Blanco, Loreto, Per.
COLOMBIA
Nuevo
Progreso
Key
Comunidad
nativa titulada
Lima
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
Capital de Distrito
10
Pucallpa
Ri
Sitio visitado
BRASIL
PER
Ta
Propiedad
privada
ch
ya
pi
c
Rio U
Iquitos
Nueva
Esperanza
li
Comunidad en
proceso de titulacin
ECUADOR
km
San Pedro
del Tapiche
Matss
Puerto
ngel
Frontera
Espaa
Palmera
del Tapiche
Curinga
Santa Elena
Morales
Bermdez
Canchalagua
io
la
nc
o
Yarina
Frontera
Topal
Tapiche-Blanco
Wicungo
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Nuevo
Pacasmayo
Nuevo
Capanahua
Monte Alegre
Nuestra
Seora De
Ftima
154
Zona Reservada
Sierra del Divisor
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155
infraestructura comunal.
156
la comunidad de Aipena.
principalmente.
de Loreto.
el tratamiento de la enfermedad.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
157
Tabla 10. Datos demogrficos de las comunidades nativas, comunidades campesinas y centros poblados en el rea de influencia del inventario
rpido Tapiche-Blanco, en Loreto, Amazona peruana. Fuentes de informacin: Municipalidades distritales de Tapiche, Sopln y Alto Tapiche;
autoridades comunales; y CEDIA.
Titulada
En proceso de
titulacin
Familia
lingstica
Denominacin
Categora
Nuevo Progreso
Comunidad Nativa
Nueva Esperanza
Comunidad Campesina
Frontera
Comunidad Nativa
Pano
Espaa
Comunidad Nativa
Pano
Curinga
Casero*
Comunidad Nativa
Jbaro
Nuevo Capanahua
Comunidad Nativa
Pano
Comunidad Campesina
Comunidad Nativa
Puerto ngel
Comunidad Campesina
Canchalagua
Comunidad Campesina
Morales Bermudez
Comunidad Campesina
Santa Elena
Casero*
Wicungo
Comunidad Nativa
Comunidad Nativa
Nuevo Pacasmayo
Comunidad Campesina
Comunidad Nativa
Monte Alegre
Comunidad Nativa
x
x
Pano
Pano
Pano
Pano
x
x
Pano
x
Pano
organizacin comunal.
158
Infraestructura escolar
Cuenca
Distrito
Capanahua
Tapiche
Sopln
64
Poblacin
Inicial
Primaria
Secundaria
Plan de Vida
Tapiche
Sopln
140
Capanahua
Blanco
Sopln
55
Capanahua
Blanco
Sopln
72
Blanco
Sopln
250
Wampis
Blanco
Sopln
174
Capanahua
Blanco
Sopln
78
Tapiche
Tapiche
250
Tapiche
Tapiche
115
Tapiche
Tapiche
130
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
199
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
145
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
460
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
120
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
10
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
40
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
120
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
TOTAL
51
x**
x
x
x
x
x
x
x**
x
x
2,473
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
159
su pensin.
aosatrs.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
161
de conservacin privada.
y trabajo comunitario
En las comunidades visitadas la base del buen
Complementariedad de gnero
o de salud.
Las relaciones de parentesco y la cercana con otras
delas cuencas.
y la presencia de CEDIA
162
naturales protegidas.
Tabla 11. Resultados de la dinmica de calidad de vida en las comunidades visitadas durante un inventario rpido
del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco, Amazona peruana.
Relaciones
sociales
Cuenca
Blanco
3.8
Frontera
Blanco
3.2
Wicungo
Tapiche
3.8
Tapiche
Promedio
Recursos
naturales
Comunidad
Poltica
Economa
Cultura
Promedio
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.3
3.3
3.6
3.3
3.6
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
163
Liderazgos emergentes
164
INTRODUCCIN
Presentamos en este captulo un anlisis somero del uso y
aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y de la
economa familiar de las comunidades ribereas de las
cuencas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco. Los recursos
naturales son aprovechados en base a los conocimientos
y prcticas tradicionales que les han permitido a los
pobladores adecuarse a los diferentes ecosistemas que
habitan y adaptarse a los periodos estacionales que
cambian drsticamente durante el ao. La economa
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
165
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIN
Breve referencia histrica de la extraccin de los
recursos naturales en la zona del Tapiche y Blanco
Las actividades econmicas desarrolladas por los
pobladores reflejan un amplio conocimiento del
territorio y de los recursos que poseen, siendo esto el
eje principal de los patrones de asentamiento que han
dado vida a la mayora de las comunidades de la zona.
El Padre Isidro Salvador durante su permanencia en
Requena recopil las memorias del Padre Agustn Lpez
Pardo (fundador de Requena) y public en 1972 El
Misionero del Remo (Salvador 1972). En dicho
documento menciona la importancia de la actividad
cauchera en la cuenca del Tapiche por las personas Juan
Hidalgo y Vidal Ruiz, quienes implantaron el rgimen
del intercambio de productos como machetes, escopetas,
espejos, entre otros a cambio de bolas de jebe y maderas
finas con los grupos indgenas Capanahua y Remo.
Estos seores fueron estableciendo para extraer caucho,
shiringa (Hevea brasiliensis) y leche caspi (Couma
MTODOS
166
Calendario agroecolgico
el inventario.
este captulo.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
167
al mercado.
Los principales medios en las comunidades visitadas
familia duea.
168
(Oryza sativa).
Los bajiales (barriales y playas) son elegidos para
son pauprrimas.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
169
Figure 22. Un calendario ecolgico preparado por comunidades visitadas durante el inventario rpido en las cuencas de los ros
Tapiche y Blanco, Loreto, Per, mostrando las pocas del ao en que varios recursos naturales de la regin son cosechados y
denotando las diferentes actividades que ocurren a lo largo del ao.
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Recursos hidrobiolgicos
Recursos forestales
maderables y no maderables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
El friaje es semana previa y precedente a San Juan (24 de junio) y Santa Rosa de Lima (30 de agosto); estos dos ltimos aos se reportaron friajes inusuales.
Plantaciones de pltanos (Musa paradisiaca), maz (Zea mays), arroz (Oryza sativa), yuca (Manihot esculenta), plantas medicinales, verduras y rboles frutales.
Cultivo diversificado: maz, frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris), arroz, sanda y muchas verduras.
Migracin de lisa (Leporinus fasciatus), curuhuara (Metynnis luna), sbalo (Brycon cephalus), palometa (Mylossoma duriventre) y acarahuaz (Astronotus ocellatus).
Abundancia de fasaco (Hoplias malabaricus), bocn (Ageneiosus marmoratus), novia (Liosomadoras spp.), yaraqu (Semaprochilodus amazonensis), zngaro (Zungaro sp.) y lisa
(Schizodon fasciatus)
6. pocas de mayor demanda y de mejores precios de los peces ornamentales, son a inicios y final de este periodo de tiempo.
7. Especies aprovechadas: aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa), ungurahui (Oenocarpus bataua), umari (Poraqueiba sericea), zapote (Matisia cordata), pomarosa (Eugenia malaccensis), ubilla de
monte (Pourouma minor) y pijuayo (Bactris gasipaes)
8. Especies aprovechadas: cumala (Virola spp.), cedro (Cedrela spp.), marup (Simarouba amara), canela moena (Ocotea spp.), capinur (Maquira coriacea), lupuna (Ceiba pentandra),
tornillo (Cedrelinga cateniformis).
9. Actividades permanentes, siembra de yuca, pltanos, cuidado de las chacras, pesca para consumo y venta, extraccin de hojas y maderaje para casa y caza para consumo y venta.
10. Incrementa la cacera al inicio del ao escolar (marzo-abril) y durante las celebraciones del aniversario del casero o comunidad.
170
de arena blanca.
de pltanos.
171
100%
65.2%
68.6%
71.2%
50%
25%
0%
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Frontera
Wicungo
Palmera
del Tapiche
peces ornamentales
Cacera
173
educacin y salud.
Segn los cazadores en Wicungo y Frontera, los
su calidad de vida.
En las comunidades visitadas logramos estimar
ungurahui) en Requena.
El bosque es una fuente importante de materiales
174
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175
Figura 24. Mapa de uso de los recursos naturales en las cuencas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, Loreto, Per, elaborado por los habitantes
de las comunidades visitadas en el inventario rpido en octubre de 2014.
Leyenda
Sitio del inventario biolgico
Nueva
Esperanza
Ro Bla n co
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
Collpa
Extraccin de madera
Ganadera y pastizales
Pesca de alevinos
Palmera
del Tapiche
Puesto de vigilancia
Purma
Frontera
Recursos no maderables
Sitio prohibido/encantado
Sitio de pesca
Zona de aguajales
Zona de bajial
Zona de cacera
pic
Ta
10
km
he
Wicungo
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Nuevo
Capanahua
Iquitos
Zona Reservada
Sierra del Divisor
Pucallpa
Lima
Per
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mayor costo.
Extraccin de madera
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aprovechamiento forestal
aprovechamiento forestal
http://www.mintra.gob.pe/trabajo_forzoso/tf_
amazonia.html).
brigadas compuestas por 420 personas y los patronesenganchadores que trabajan para un maderero
178
recurso maderable.
en las comunidades
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partes de la Amazona.
180
CONCLUSIN
naturales).
AMENAZAS Y RETOS
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181
comercializacin.
trabajo_forzoso/cnlctf.html)
esos derechos
RECOMENDACIONES
comunales
182
INTRODUCCIN
Este captulo explora las tendencias y condiciones
nacional de madera;
5. El desafo fundamental para los negocios de madera
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183
peruana.
REDD Indgena.
184
Muoz 2014b).
tropicales).
Hay varios problemas adicionales con las
de residuos.
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185
http://www.euflegt.efi.int/vpa).
de produccin.
186
y nacional de madera
naturales.
Como en la mayora de los mercados, los criterios
10 Por ejemplo, en la Regin Madre de Dios en el Per, las concesiones mineras de oro
y la minera ilegal se superponen a varias concesiones madereras.
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187
la cadena de valor.
188
pie14,
14 En muchos casos, la venta del rbol en pie implica cubrir los costos de la
elaboracin del Plan de Manejo y el Plan Operativo Anual y el costo de obtener su
aprobacin (p. ej., pagando costos de inspecciones y viajes para gestiones). Es deseable
que el dueo o titular del bosque cubra estos costos, con el fin de tener una buena
evaluacin de su valor antes de firmar acuerdos con un operador o comprador.
derecho con poca experiencia, puesto que los clculos del censo y del pago por el valor de
la madera al estado natural (tasa por el uso del recurso) se realizan sobre la base de los
clculos de volumen de madera utilizando un mtodo diferente (la frmula de Smalian).
15 En esta etapa, el volumen se suele calcular mediante el mtodo de Doyle (ver https://
www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/fnr/fnr-191.pdf para entender este mtodo de
cubicacin). Este mtodo puede ser confuso para los dueos de bosque o titulares del
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189
mantendr en el futuro.
de su cosecha.
transporte fluvial.
pagarlos oportunamente.
190
Corrupcin; y
mencionados.
191
y prestadores de servicios.
201223).
De hecho, la madera
192
laboral, etc.).
25 En estos acuerdos, los madereros realizan los trmites para obtener permisos de
extraccin a nombre de las comunidades y luego se quedan con dichos permisos (a
cambio de dinero o bienes) que son utilizados frecuentemente para transportar madera
sacada de otros bosques, o en parte para la cosecha de dos o tres especies comerciales
de los bosques comunitarios, utilizando el resto para el blanqueo de madera. Los
permisos presentados por los madereros a nombre de las comunidades suelen
sobrestimar los volmenes y comprometen a las comunidades a llevar a cabo las
prcticas de manejo forestal que nunca se implementan, dando lugar a nuevas multas.
26 OSINFOR ha colocado en su pgina web la informacin sobre todas las sanciones
impuestas, a todo tipo de titulares de permisos de aprovechamiento forestal, entre 2011
y 2014: http://www.osinfor.gob.pe/portal/documentos.php?idcat=129&idaso=129
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travs de:
transformacin; y
bancaria);
administracin bsica);
procesos y beneficios;
manejo forestal;
para la negociacin; y
asistencia tcnica);
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comunitaria30
actividad genera;
necesarias; y
dar sobornos);
forestal comunitario;
aprendizaje;
30 Las asambleas comunitarias renen a todos los miembros de una comunidad nativa.
196
involuntarios;
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197
convertirlo en el aprendizaje.
198
QUEYOSCAXON HONANTI
Non teeti
cahipi natenbo
Colombia
Leyenda
Ecuador
Huishaxon honanaibo
Nueva
Esperanza
Jemabo honanaibo
Brasil
IR: Tapiche-Blanco
Per
10
20
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
km
Frontera
Bl
an
Ta
pich
co
Palmera del
Tapiche
Wicungo
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Zona Reservada
Sierra del Divisor
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QUEYOSCAXON HONANTI
Jatihibincon
Nea huehan Tapiche, huetsabo rihibi huehan Ucayali ponte cahi janin, jaiqui hicha bonco
huenen hen sur jatihibicon Loreto, Per. Honancatsihquin non jaibo histonbires cahipiqui
siete janin jai 310,000 hen jai Tapiche jatihibi jahuen hani naxbabo hen huaca Blanco.
Nea mai janin hocho jihuetaibo tah qui noquen caibabo Capanahua hen Mayuruna,
neno ta jahuabi bahi hen bahihuan yamahiquinichibo janin nea rabe naxba coiranaibo
ramiho behcoinaibo (jise mapa). Hen neateman teenibo, yomerahi mai xeni benahibo ta
jenenihbo jaiqui huenenjaxon bahixon huistinanti teenihbo. Reraxon jihui paquenihbo
bahibo jaibo mai xeni benanoxon. Rahma tah non honanai jatihibi naxba coirascaxon
mai xeni benacatsihquibo. Rahma caman ta 23 jemabo nahuabo, noquen caibobo rihbi
huetsa rihbi Tapiche hen Blanco, neatihi jaibo jemabo 2,900 jihuetaibo nahuabo,
Capanahua hen Kichwa.
Tapax jisibo honanoxon jihuetaibo:
Huean nea
huaca Blanco
Texpa Yamabiresahi
Huean nea
huaca Tapiche
Huean nea
huaca Tapiche
Teexon tah non honanai, jatihibi jato tsinquixon jato betan yohuanoxon nea jemabo
Espaa, Nuestra Seora de Ftima, Monte Alegre. Morales Bermdez, Pacasmayo,
Puerto ngel, San Antonio de Fortaleza, San Pedro nea Yarina Frontera Topal.
Huesti neten carescaxon, nea 26 octubre hen 2014, nea joi honanaibo jihuetaibo
nocoxon ta jato yohihohoxqui Nueva Esperanza, janin hapobo jato jatihibi nea jemabo
jaibo. Nea netenbo 28 hen 29 hoxne octubre, jatihibi ta Iquitos janin tsinquiti
picanaxqui jenquetsahpi non quenahi benahi jihuetaibo janin non coiranti jai.
Honanscaibo jaibo
jihuetaibo
200
Hihti siribo non jaibo, jihuetaibo chichobo jemanbo; banabo nihi; yapabo; tohcobo
cape; noyahi; noyohibo hanibo hanitahmabo; cashibo
Honanscaibo jatihibi
Honanscaibo jihuetaibo Nea hueanbo Tapiche-Blanco huishaxon honanaibo ta mesco nihibo jahiqui Loreto.
Jaibo cahen hani mehchabo topontimabo, nihibo mashi joxo, boncobo mesca mai
jatihibi
janin jai, hicha huean romishin rihbi jai, huisoni, joxoni hen nexnani. Jano jihuetaibo
cahen hani mai jaibo tohcobo jihuenon, hoyohibo noyahibo rihbi, jano jahobo jascapabo
jai ta hicha qui neno janin Per, nea jihuetai noque yanapanaibo jaban ta siriaquin
coirancanihqui caiban jascayamahibi, yomerahibo yapabo. Jascahaquinbi, hicha
jaibo honanxon non jaibo jatihibi noquen tee janin tah non siriaquin noquen hapoban
yohiha nincaxon honanai gobierno nacional hen jihuetaibo yohihi nea jihuetai
yohihibo coiranahbo.
Teescaxon tah non honanai jaibo 962 mesco nihibo nea 741 mesco raoyahpabo.
Choncabo hicha ta mesco jahiqui nea mai janin jihuetaibo casi quescahpabo neno
noquen mai janin Amazona Peruana jahuen naxbabo nihibo jano jahuabi yamahibo.
Non honanai tah qui 3,878 nea 4,478 mesco nihi jaiboya. Xaoyahpabo nea jihuetai
janin Tapiche-Blanco.
Mesco huishahipi
jatihibi non jisipibo
Nihi jaibo
962
2,5003,000
Yapa
180
400500
Tohco
65
124
Cape
48
100
394
550
42
101
Noyahibo
Hoyohihbo hanitahma hanibo
Cashibo
Jatihibi mesco nihibo, boncoya xaoyahpabo
12
103
1,703
3,8784,478
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QUEYOSCAXON HONANTI
Jatihibi nihibo
Mehchani
Hishtonres nea
Ucamara, hihqui
noxihqui pacaya
samiria tuescari
Tsecati chicho hicha
mai coshi
Jene joxoni huisoni
bexnani
Mashi joxoni
Hicha maxba jai neno peru
Mebiyahpabo bomcobo, Mihi
yamahi hocho jisti, queyamabo
nihiromishim jai mai
Mashi mesco (2 ma)
Texpa jene huisoni
Nea nihibo ta nea jihuetai hihti siri non jise non honanyahibo quimisha hani jatibi
non jise. Neno hochoma ponte, janin huean cahi janin Tapiche nea Blanco, ta jatihibi
mai jenen mahpohiqui jacopi ta coiranai ban depresin ucarama coiranihqui hihti hani
mehcha copi (naxba 100 m janin jihuetai jene). Romiho cahi cahen, mai toncobo
joxonibo jai memiho cahi huaca Blanco jano cahen hicha nihibo hanitahmabo jai
(100125 msnm). Huetsabo jaibo cahen nea jihuetai janin ta yohicaniqui hani nihibo
jaibo jatihibi (125180 msnm).
Jahibo, chichobo
jatihibincon
Nea Blanco hen Tapiche ta Huean jene joxoni jaiqui pitibo yamahi. Jascabi jahuen mai copi
Nea huean ta honancaniqui jatihixonbi jahuen quimisha jihuebo nihi huishanihbo
neateman. Jano jenen mahpoyamahi ta coirancaniqui Depresin Ucamara ta
hihquiscahiqui honanxobi jascarihi ta mai choyo pishcahiya Pacaya-Samiria norte janin.
Jano ta hicha mashi jaiqui mescotibo cuarzo nea Plio pleitoceno (nea jai naxba 2 bari)
2 millones mai mehchan jihuetaibo totish chian. Non honanai, tah qui Hipururo (nea
2-5 millones bari jihuetai) jano jaabo jihuetaibo.
Nea mai janin ta quimisha honanti joi jihuetaibo mashi, yamahi siripi haniti jacopi ta
hicha jaton tapon hanihiqui nescari 515 cm hishtonbires hanihi jahuen mai copi
1030cm mashi joxoni janin hashohan caichahi cahen ipururo texpa quexabo jene
bexnani janin hanihibi siriyamahi hanitahmabo (<10 S/cm) hanihi hihti cacha
202
(pH<4.5). Nea jene mai mahpoyamahi janin ta jene joxoni cahinihqui huishoni.
Mehue ta hicha yamahiqui nea jihuetai janin. Hihti costan ta jacanihqui main nichiban
yohinaban yomerahiban. Mehuen cachon hahcahi ta hichatahma jaiqui neno Loreto
quempen nea huaca Blanco janin mehuebo.
Nea jihuetaijanin jaibo jatihibi ta mai chorishma qui Loreto, cahibi nocoyamahi non
quenai janin. Non hashohan honanaibo cahen Falla Bolognesi, jano huenihibo mai
boncochian mashi joxoni ponte cahi janin huaca Blanco janata hahan honanti jahiqui
satlite. Jascaribihi Huaca Blanco siripi jahuen quiricabo jaibi siriyamahi Blanco jatihibi
rahma benahibobi jahuen rebon jai huaca Glvez.
Nea mai janin ta mashiqui yamahibi nea jihuetai jahibo mehetimabo teecatsihquin nea
bahi janin. Hicha tapox jaxon coiranai bahibo cahi janin, teecatsihquin bahihibo
tiromahibo. Yamascahibo jaton tapon mai chicho ta queyotihiqui hashohan mehchatai
copi siri hanihibo hicha mebiyabo hen totishchian jaibo queyabo haniyahibo. Quimisha
noa maixeni tsecati petroleros ta poquincahoxqui yamahi, poquinxon jeninihbo ta tiroma
chicho mai janihex noque tiromati non shinanai. Poquinxon nea jihuetai janin TapicheBlanco ta chichohax jene tiroma picotihqui xehatima non jaibo non picotai, jacopi tah
non shinanai hichatama non jaibo non jisibo.
Banabo
Tatihibi ta jascapaqui, noquen nihibo ta jaiqui quimisha mesco banabo: choyobo, banco
mashi jai janin queya mai janin jai (jise bochiqui). Neno tah non hononcatsihquin benahi
jatihibi jaibo banabo (8 jai), jabo hicha hanicaniqui yamahibi coiranaibo.
Nea bonco janin jaibo ta jaiqui hanihibo mai joxo janin huetsanco hanihibo rihbi. Hicha
mebibo totishchian mai joxoni jascapa qui jahuen joxo nea Reservas Nacionales Matss
nea Allpahuayo-hen Mishana, Huetsa janebo rihbi ta jahiqui. Tah non merarihbihi
jihuetaibo hihconaibo quescapabo boncochianbo, jascapabo rahsimabi jahibo (Pachira
brevipes, Macrolobium microcalyx, Pagamea, Platycarpum sp. nov.), neata huehquiya
yahiqui jato coiranahi. Nescapabo jihuibo nihi tah non jato janehi bonco totish mebiya,
jascapa rahsi copi mesco mashi joxo honanaibo Loreto janin, jascapa jepebo Mauritia
flexuosa hen Mauritiella armata jaibo hicha jaiqui.
Jascaribihi nea rabe, tah non merahi quimisha jihuetaibo mebiyahpabo jihuibe hicha
queyamabo jai, jaton jane huasi, rahcoti, quescapa. Nea rahcoti mebiya non honanai
hichama Loreto janin, hanitahmabo jaibo nahibo janin jano yohinabo jihuetahibo jaa copi
ta hashohan honancatsihcaniqui.
Hashohan queya hanihibo nea mai janin boncobo merahi ta nescapa mai jaribihiqui
Reserva Nacional Matss, nea huean janin Yavar Jenaro Herrera nea jihuetai janin rihbi
Ere-Campuya-Algodn. Nea bonco rihbi ta teecanishqui, hicha huistinanti tsecanihbo,
bahibo taranihbo jascabires teenihbo mai xeni benahibo bahibo petrolera.
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QUEYOSCAXON HONANTI
Nihibo
Nea nihibo jai ta jihuetai Tapiche-Blanco jaiqui 2,5003,000 mesco nihibo jihuetaibo.
Jascahaqui honanxon tah non merahi mesco behnabo non nonancatsihqui (nea
tsamaboPlatycarpum) jascaquin nea chosco behna huishabo nocomati nea Per janin
(nea huasiMonotagma densiflorumneabo orqudeasPalmorchis sobralioideshen
Galeandra styllomisantha, hen nea jihurihbi Retiniphyllum chloranthum).
Non huishahi honanoxon ta nihibo boncochian main jaibo ta jahiqui mescobo rahma non
huishaxon honanaibo. Seis jascapabo rahsiboFabaceae, Areacaceae, Sapotaceae,
Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae nea Myristicaceaenescapabo ta hicha jahiqui jascapa
rahsibo jihuetahibo, jabo ta hichaqui. Nea bahibo cahi janin 70 km hocho non nichipi
jano tah non jisipiqui bahibo jahuabi merayaquin huistinanhti maroti coxan (Cedrela
odorata) nea huishtinanti (Swietenia macrophylla). Tah non merahoqui quimisha coxan
hinini (Cedrelinga cateniformis) hoa huishtinahti.
Yapabo
Jano yapabo jai janin tah non huishahipiqui jihuetahibo jenenecayan jatihibi TapicheBlanco mesco jahibo. Non basihi netenbo 14 neten non huishahipi honanoxon,
180mesco nea 22 jascapa rahsibo jisibo.Hashohan hicha jai ta texpa janin jahiqui
jenehuisoni non huishahi honanai jihuetaipo hicha hichatahmabo jai. Honan tah non
jaiictiofauna jatihibi janin jai Tapiche-Blanco nea 400500 yapabo, jaabo ta jahiqui
neatiahpabo nea 40% yapabo jene janin bata non honanai Per janin.
Non huishahi honanaibo, chosco ta jahiqui behna non huishahi Per nea nincanahue
behna shinan, non honanyahibe tsama Hemigrammus, Tyttocharax, Characidium
nea Bunocephalus.
Non mesco honanaibo huishaxon nea 23% mescotaibo nea mai janin Zona Reservada
Sierra del Divisor, nea 22% non huishahi honanai behna pari nea huean janin Tapiche,
nea 7% non huishahi honanoxon histonbires Reserva Nacional Matss. Nea Cahen
50%mesco jai huishahi non honanai nea quimisha janin non huishahipi.
Jatihibi tah non huishaya maparihi noquen jemaban tsecahi nea jihuetai janin. Hicha
tamesco tsecahiban marohiban jahiqui nacional nea internacional (Osteoglossum
bicirrhosum, Hyphessobrycon spp., Hemigrammus spp., Corydoras spp., Apistogramma
spp., y Gymnotus spp.) non honanai DIREPRO (2013), jano jihuetaibo Tapiche-Blanco
jano hicha yapabo jahi. Huetsabo mescobo ta picanihqui jano jihuetaiban. Jano
jihuetaibo mescobo tah qui tsatsahhuan (Brycon, Salminus), sipan (Triportheus), baton
(Leporinus, Schizodon), bohuebo (Prochilodus, Semaprochilodus), xahuahuaran nea
bahuin (Pseudoplatystoma, Brachyplatystoma). Huetsabo ta jaiqui pihibo rihbi huame
(Arapaima spp.).
204
Nea joi herpetolgico teetipi jihuetaibo main hen jenen boncochian janobi jihuetai,
boncojeneyamahi jene huisoni boncochian jai mashi joxoni non merahi jemabo tohcobo
nea capebo jatihibe ta siritihqui coiranaibo. Non huishahibo 113 mescobo (65 tohco
nea48cape) Teexon non huishahipi nea jihuetai ta jahiqui neatihi 124 tohcobo nea
100capebo. Nea ta hicha qui tsama queya rahtetima, jacopi ta noquen jihuetai jahiqui
epicentro global mesco jai tohcobo.
Non huishaxon honanaibo tah qui tohcobo jaton pahe jai Ranitomeya cyanovittata, hicha
tah non toponahi honanoxon neno chiponquinea Loreto. Chosco mesco tohco ta maa
huishasca qui non huishaxon honannai: Hypsiboas aff. cinerascens, Osteocephalus aff.
planiceps, Chiasmocleis sp. nov. nea Pristimantis aff. lacrimosus. Huetsa rabe tah non
huishahipiqui honanaibo jatihixombi maincaman shinannaibo UICN: nea manaxahue
(Chelonoidis denticulata) nea manaxahue huean cabori (Podocnemis unifilis, jatihixombi
honanaibo rihbi legislacin nacional).
Noyahibo
Non merascahi 394 mescobo noyahi nea quimisha tapas janin non nocotipi, hicha
pitibo jai janin huishaxon non jisipi neno Reserva Nacional Matss (416 mescol
huetsanco janin tihbi jai Zona Reservada Sierra del Divisor (365 mescobo). Jatihibi
tah non tsinquixon huishahipibo teescaxon non honanai nea huean janin Tapiche nea
Blanco jatihibi non noyahibo honanai nea jihuetaijanin 501 mesco. Queentah non jai
auifauna jihuetaibo Tapiche-Blanco jai 550 mesco.
Non huishahipibo honanaibo tah qui 23 noyahibo honanaibo boncochian main yamahi,
nea Notharchus ordii, Hemitriccus minimus nea Myrmotherula cherriei. Jascaquinbi,
ta honanaiban ornitolgico shinanxon benahoxqui quimisha jahua yamahibo Loreto Per
janin (Percnostola arenarum, Polioptila clementsii nea Zimmerius villarejoi), nea tah
non huishayamahipiqui.
Rahma ta non jai 15 mesco hanibo non honanai. Non rahtonon jatihibi honanyamahi tee
yamachi copi nea jihuetai janin, caibo ta mesco jahiquibochohi nea tsecahibo tsinquixon
boncochian mai yamahi janin. Chosco tah non jise Nyctibius leucopterus (non jato
hananipi caibore nea ponte jihuetaibo Ucayali nea Maran; Fig. 9A) Myrmotherula
cherriei (honanai neno namam huaca Tigre, Loreto; Fig. 9F) Xenopipo atronitens (non
huishaxon naponbi Maran, Loreto nea Pampas del Heath, Madre de Dios; Fig. 9B)
nea Polytmus theresiae (non honanai Morona, Jeberos nea Pampas del Heath). Huetsabo
mescobo hicha non honanai, bonco jenen mahpoyamahi ta hani huean nescapa Capito
aurovirens nea Myrmoborus melanurus.
Merahibo hicha siribo mesco yomerati, non quenaibo Penelope jacquacu, Mitu
tuberosum nea Psophia leucoptera. Nea ta hanitahma catsihcaniqui yomerahibo copi,
yamahi janin cohirancatsihquibo naxba. Nea jihuetai jani ta Tapiche-Blanco cohiranaibo
70 mescobo noyahibo non coiranti jai: quimisha mescobo cohiranaibo jatihibincon nea
UICN, rabe mescobo honanaibo jai jatihibinco 61 mescobo neno haxehibo CITES.
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QUEYOSCAXON HONANTI
Hoyohibo
Huishaxon tah non tsama queya pehi jahi. Nea 13 huishaxon non honanscahi, rabe
rihbi non huishabi meraxon jisipi, hashohan hicha non jahibi non honanai nea jihuetai
Loreto janin. Hen Per janin ta pehiyahpabo jimi pihibo Saguinus fuscicollis nea jahibo
cahen jihuetahibo Tapiche-Blanco. Merahibohuaca Blanco jihuetaibo siribires nea
Cacajao calvus, nea noyahi non honanai jihuetai non honanai UICN. Jatihibi non
huishaquin honanai cahen posa mescoba hoyohibo jatihibinco honannaibo.
Nea jemabo janin ta mehchabo, nescapahbo Tayassu pecari, jano yamahibo tocan
jisipibo. Non shinanai rahta qui benahibo teenoxon huishtinanti. Non shinanai,
jahuerahnon siri jihuenoxon rahmacama teenoxon maronoxon. Nea marohibo jatihixonbi
tsinquixon jemabam ta cashibo nea jihuetaihishton teeti shinanti noquen jemabo
quenaxon jihui teetaibo coiranahbo noquen yohinahbo non pihi.
Jeman Jihuetaibo
Non honanai jihuetaibo nea huean janin Tapiche nea Blanco jihuetaibo cahen 2,900 jonibo
nea 22 jihuescahibo jemabo noquen joi yohuanaibo, jemabo nahua jemabo nea
jemabo ta jatihibi jaton quirica jahiqui. Nea jemabo ta nahuabo rahsi jihuetihqui nea
quescahpabo Requena neaIquitos Ucayali, Tigre nea Maran Per nea rihbi San Martn.
Nea jihuetai ta noquen mai janin jihuetaibo caibo Capanahua, huetsa rihbi remo noquen
caibo yohuanai Pano, jaribi tah non jato benahi.
Huetsa jenabo rihbi. Jabo jihuetaibo janin cahen nahua jihue rihbihi neateman jihuenihbo
caucho tian hen 1900 jatian piconihbo nea caibobo Capanahua jano jihuetaibo huean
Alto Tapiche nea matss cahen hani jihuetai huean Yaquerana Glvez.
Noquen teebo ta nea jihuetai janin tsamabires qui jahibo moronoxo. Hashohuan teeti
costanaibo jihui tsecati huishtinanti, yapa bichibo pinoxon, yomerahi yohinabo, huayahibo
pinoxon moronoxon rihbi manibo banahibo yoha hatsapotohati tapioca jahibo Requena janin,
Curinga, Santa Elena. Jascari teetahbo ta patoroban jato honan manishqui jatihibi jemabo.
Jascaha rihbiquin, ta teexon quencaniqui hicha honati nea jihuetai janin, jaton banabo
copi jahan honanaibo, ta jacanihqui nea huisha hicha noquen jemabo jatihibi jai janin.
Jasca behcohini ta teecaniqui jihui mesco jahibo, jahuen janebo bosques locales,
permisos forestales, concesiones jano teetaibo mai tsohanbi jato hinanyamahi janin.
Nea teetaibo forestal ta jato jatihibi jascanonhuen hihxon jato yohihiqui. Jascariteexon
jato ribimaquin, paranquin yancabires teemaquin noquen jemabo jihuentaibo janin.
Jascahaquin teexon tsecaxon yapabo rihbi hichatama jai copi maromayaquin.
206
Nea jatihibi tah non merahi honannaibo tsama hicha jonibo teetaibo honabo politicos
municipales. Jasca rihbi ta jacanihqui shinannaibo tsinquitax yohuanaibo jaton banabo
tsinquixon jahibo, teerihbicani jatihibi. Jabo ta huesti shinanax jascari jihuecaniqui
jascahaquin coiranaibo jaton mai. Jato yanapanahibo hapobo rahannaibo Servicio
Nacional reas Protegidas hapon rahanai (SERNANP, hihti honanaibo nea mai coiranti
Reserva Nacional Matss nea Zona Reservada Sierra del Divisor), jascahaquin coiranti
haxenihbo coiranai tsohabi hiliquiyamanon Tapiche, nea ONGs nea ta naponbi banetihqui
jascari teeti honancoinxon yanapanti nea noquen caibo Centro para el Desarrollo del
Indgena Amaznico (CEDIA) jaban ta noquen yananhti hahtipacaniqui jatihibi non jahibi
banabo siriaquin yanapanquin.
Jeman shinanai
Nea jihuetai Tapiche-Blanco honanaibo coiranti jaton mai jatihibi jai copi coiranoxon nea
Per (SERNANP 2009). Nea mapa non jise honanoxon honanaibo nea jihuetai TapicheBlanco jahuentianbi shinanbehnotima non haxehi nea Zona Reservada Sierra del Divisor
nea rihbi Reserva Nacional Matss. Nea jatihibi Tapiche-Blanco jabo rihbi ta jaton mai
queenxon coiranquin hapona copi Gobierno de Loreto (PROCREL 2009), huetsa rihbi
mai non honanai tahqui Reserva Territorial Yavar-Tapiche, jano jihuetaibo noquen caibobo
nocho non jisamahibo shinanai, jascaquinbi, non noquen coiranaibo ta nea jihuetai janin
rahma caman shinancanaiqui coiranti nea huean janin Blanco nea Tapiche (1,500 ha).
Jatihibi jihuetai janin ta hapon hinanaishqui bonco teeti janobi hicha hani naxba jihuibo jai
teetima yamahirahma ta jihui teeti yamascahiqui hihti copini maroti nea jihuetaijanin.
Jata jahiqui chosco huisha teetibo rahma nea jihuetai janin huetsabo cahen Siriyamascahi.
Nea bari cahi. Jaribita jahiqui jano teetaibo boneo jemabo janin, jihui tsecahibo
honanaibo jonexon bohibo jascahiquin ta noquen tiromacaniqui noquen jihuetai janin.
Jata jahiqui quimisha huisha mai coshi benabi nea jihuetai janin. Nea rabe bari nea
Empresa Petrolera Pacific Rubiales ta bahican hoxqui hicha bahibo hocho mai xeni
benati noquen mai janin haxehibo.
Non quenaibo
coiranti jai
01 Hichabires
ta banabo mashi joxoni janin jahiqui nea Per janin (neatihi. 18,000 ha),
02 Bonco
03 Mai
hanibo bochohi tsamabires ta jahiqui jahuea xeni jahiqui hani nea Per janin.
04 Jihuetaibo
tsamabires nihibo mebiyabo, non honanai jai mesco hen mbito Nacional
non honanyamahibo jai 17 mescobo, hicha jai shinobo nea Loreto janin.
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QUEYOSCAXON HONANTI
Coshixon jahibo
coiranti non jai
01 Bonco
huean non coiranai tah non hihti coiranti jai bari neateman teenibobi
02 Ja
non teetai shinanax noquen mai copi jatihibi tsinquitax jahan non jihuetai copi
quenaibo noquen jema janin teenoxon siripi hihcoini noquenohbi non jahibo,
behna joi Forestal del Per, ta noque haxemahiqui noquen non hashohan
01 Teetaibo
03 Coirayamahibo
04 Noquen
05 Tsecacatsihquibo
mai coshi nea jihuetai janin honanquin jahicopi mai xeni Petrleo
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
Reserva
Nacional
Matss
Reserva
Nacional
Pacaya Samiria
50 Reserva
Lote
137
Nacional
km
Pacaya Samiria
Lote
95
ZONA 1A
Tapiche-Blanco
Zona
Reservada
Sierra del
Divisor
Tapiche-Blanco
Lote
135
Concesin forestal
vigente
Bosque de produccin
permanente
183
208
Zona
Reservada
Sierra del
Divisor
Pozos exploratorios
Pozos propuestos
Lotes petroleros
Lneas ssmicas
Honannahue mato
yohinon
01 Queyonahue
02 Jano
noquen mai coiranti tah jai noquen banabo jai 308,463 ha jenenecanya huean
janin non yamahicopi tah non noque rihbi jahuabi non yamahi.
04 Teetahbo
noquen jemabo vetan hapobo shinan benahax siripi teenoxon jascari teeti
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210
ENGLISH CONTENTS
Apndices/Appendices
(1) Descripcin del sobrevuelo/Overflight description. .. . . . . . . . 372
(2) Muestras de agua/Water samples. ........................... . . . . . . . . 374
(3) Plantas vasculares/Vascular plants. ......................... . . . . . . . . 376
(4) Estaciones de muestreo de peces/
Fish sampling stations. ............................................. . . . . . . . 420
(5) Peces/Fishes.............................................................. . . . . . . . 424
(6) Anfibios y reptiles/Amphibians and reptiles. ........... . . . . . . . . 436
(7) Aves/Birds. .............................................................. . . . . . . . . 446
(8) Mamferos/Mammals. ............................................ . . . . . . . . 472
(9) Principales plantas utilizadas/
Commonly used plants............................................. . . . . . . . 486
(10) Formas legales de acceso al bosque/
Legal logging operations. ......................................... . . . . . . . 492
Literature Cited................................................................ . . . . . . . 494
Published Reports. .......................................................... . . . . . . . . 507
Social Inventory
Communities Visited: Social and Cultural Assets
and Perceptions of Quality of Life..................................... 331
Natural Resource Use, Economy, and
Traditional Ecological Knowledge................................ ..... 344
Why is the Timber Industry Struggling to
Promote Local Development and Contribute to
Good Governance in the Amazon?.................................... 359
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PARTICIPANTS
TEAM
Mara I. Aldea-Guevara (fishes)
Universidad Nacional de la Amazona Peruana (UNAP)
Iquitos, Peru
maryaldea@hotmail.com
212
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213
Participants (continued)
214
Local governments
Alto Tapiche Municipal District
Sopln Municipal District
Tapiche Municipal District
COLLABORATORS
Communities (in alphabetical order)
Comunidad Campesina Canchalagua
Tapiche River, Peru
Comunidad Nativa Espaa
Blanco River, Peru
Comunidad Nativa Frontera
Blanco River, Peru
Comunidad Nativa Lobo Santa Rocino
Blanco River, Peru
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INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES
216
Instituto de Investigaciones de la
Amazona Peruana (IIAP)
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217
Herbarium Amazonense
Esquina Pevas con Nanay s/n
Iquitos, Peru
51.65.222649 tel
herbarium@dnet.com
218
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
220
Twin Otter pilots, Donovan Ortega Diez and Julio Rivas EgoAguirre. Thanks to the skill and flexibility of the pilots, we had
a very clear idea of the terrain before setting foot in the field.
Once again, the energetic collaboration of more than 40
residents of local communities was critical for establishing the
three inventory campsites. In addition to clearing the helipads,
preparing camping sites, and building canteens, work tables,
storehouses, latrines, and bathing spots for the scientists, the tigres
helped establish a network of ~70 km of trails that the biologists
used during the inventory. The three cooks made sure that hungry
workers were well-fed and happy after long days in the bush.
Many of the tigres remained in camp or came back to provide
support for the biological team, and others arrived to transport
their colleagues back home. Here is the long list of community
members who collaborated with us: Julio Cabudibo, Werlin
Cabudibo, Csar Cachique, Erder Cananahuari, Antonio Chumo,
Ernesto Chumo, Rolin Corales, Iris Culpano, Deivi Curichimba,
Jorge Luis Da Silva, Jerson Del guila, Luis Del Castillo, Henry
Delgado, Luis Gmez, Esteban Gordon, Ral Huaymacari, Cleider
Icomena, Tefilo Lancha, Justino Lpez, Gomer Macaya, Tomasa
Macuyama, Ramn Manihuari, Manuel Chino Mrquez, Dainer
Murayari, Jonathan Ochoa, Edwin Pacaya, Alexander Pea,
Carlos Pezo, Kedvin Ramrez, Jess Ricopa, Klever Ricopa,
Milton Ricopa, Bernardo Saboya, Andy Snchez, Melvin Surez,
Rosa Taricuarima, Helider Tenazoa G., Helider Tenazoa T.,
Celidoo Torres, Chairlon Tuanama, Sfora Ugarte, Damin
Yaicate, and David Yumbato. Four residents of Wicungo and
Monte Alegre could not take part in the advance work because
their boat motor broke down on the way to Requena, but we
are sure that they too would have done an excellent job.
The vast amount of work done by community members in these
remote areas was carefully planned, coordinated, and implemented
together with Field Museum and CEDIA staff, especially by the
advance team leaders lvaro del Campo, Guillermo Knell, and Italo
Mesones, who had the unconditional support of Tony Mori, Luis
Torres, and Magno Vsquez. To all of them, we express our
profound thanks. Tony Mori deserves a special mention for his
constant help with logistics in Iquitos and for keeping in close radio
communication with the campsites. Likewise, our friend Helider
Tenazoa Guerra was very effective in organizing the brigade from
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221
Acknowledgments (continued)
222
lvaro del Campo, Ernesto Ruelas, Tyana Wachter, and the rest of
the rapid inventory team for their patience and accommodation
throughout the inventory.
We thank A&S Aviation Pacific for supporting the inventory
with their MI-17 helicopter, which allowed our team to access the
remote campsites. Peruvian National Police General Dario Apache
Hurtado Crdenas once again played a fundamental logistical role
in contracting helicopters and maintaining close communication
with A&S, and he tracked the progress of each of our flights minute
by minute. Also, we extend our thanks to Guilmer Coaguila and the
pilots of A&S Martn Iparraguirre, Jess Iparraguirre, Oscar
David Gato Gordo Aranda, and Luis Rivas as well as to the
mechanics Carlos Chang and Jos Namuche.
When A&S was not available, Apache moved earth and sky so
that we could contract an MI-17 helicopter from the Peruvian Air
Force, under the invaluable leadership of Colonel Csar Alex
Guerrero. The pilots impeccable work gave our advance, biological,
and social teams easy access to the study sites. Many thanks to
Commander Colonel EP Roberto Espinoza EP, Co-Pilot Lt. EP
Edwin Escobar Ishodes, Flight Engineer TCO3 EP Edwin Soncco
Marroqun, and ALO Flight Engineer SO1 EP Ignacio Area Flores.
In Requena, both the biological and social teams give thanks
to Comercial Janeth and Comercial Palomino, and especially to
Delfn Palomino and their unparalleled assistants Juan Carlos and
Eliseo, for supplying us with provisions during the preparatory
phases and throughout the inventory itself. They organized,
packed, and sent the food and equipment we requested to the field
with the conscientious efficiency these operations require. We
thank Rosember and the staff of the Grifo El Volcn of Requena
for providing the boat fuel we needed to visit communities during
different stages of the inventory. Our acknowledgments to Hotel
Adicita for hosting us, and to the riverboat operator BPR Transtur
for transporting our teams between Iquitos, Nauta, and Requena
on numerous occasions.
In Iquitos a great number of people helped us, including the
staff of the Hotel Maran and the Hotel Gran Maran, who
made us feel like a part of the family, especially during the writing
phase of the report. We thank Moiss Campos Collazos and
Priscilla Abecasis Fernndez of Telesistemas EIRL for renting us a
radio and for all their help in maintaining contact between Iquitos
and the campsites. As they have many times before, Ana Rosita
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223
Acknowledgments (continued)
224
Senz and Fredy Ferreira of the Insituto del Bien Comn loaned us
one of their HF radios to use in the field; we are eternally grateful
for all of their camaraderie and support. We are also grateful to
Diego Lechuga Celis and the Apostolic Parish of Iquitos, who
loaned us some tables during the writing phase. Beto Silva and
Wilder Valera of Transportes Silva and Armando Morey helped get
us around Iquitos on endless errands. Serigrafa and Confecciones
Chu made the inventory t-shirts, classy as always. Doa Teresa
Haydee of guila Chu once again provided refreshments for the
presentation in Iquitos.
We thank Ing. Keneth Retegui del guila, Dr. Luis Campos
Baca, and Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia for their generous invitation
to use the IIAP auditorium for the presentation of our preliminary
results in Iquitos. Likewise, we are indebted to Amelia Daz Pabl
and Luis Alfaro Lozano of Perus National Weather and Hydrology
Service (SENAMHI) for hosting our presentation of preliminary
results in their auditorium in Lima. Melissa Gonzlez helped
organize and provide refreshments for the Lima presentation.
The following other people and institutions helped in
many ways during our work: the staff of the Hotel Seorial in
Lima; Susana Orihuela of Virreynal Tours; and Milagritos
Retegui, Cynthia Retegui, Gloria Tamayo, Sylvia del Campo,
and Chelita Daz.
We thank Humberto Huaninche Sachivo and Lukasz
Krokoszynski for their excellent translation of the report at a
glance to Capanahua.
As he has on so many previous occasions, Jim Costello was
flawless throughout the hard process of transforming our written
report, photographs, and maps into a printed book. Our deepest
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225
MISSION
REPORT AT A GLANCE
Dates of
fieldwork
Colombia
Key
Ecuador
Nueva
Esperanza
Brazil
Peru
Protected area
10
20
Matss
National
Reserve
km
Frontera
l
an
co
Ri
ap
ic
he
Rive
ver
Palmera del
Tapiche
Wicungo
Lobo Santa
Rocino
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227
REPORT AT A GLANCE
Region
The Tapiche River is an east-bank tributary of the Ucayali that drains a large expanse
of lowland Amazonian forest in Perus southern Loreto Region. During the rapid inventory
we visited seven sites in a ~310,000-ha area between the Tapiche and its largest
tributary, the Blanco. Part of the ancestral territory of the Capanahua and Matss
indigenous peoples, this is roadless wilderness that acts as a forest corridor between
two adjacent protected areas (see map). However, years of logging, hunting, and
oil exploration have left a conspicuous legacy of logging trails, scattered tree stumps,
and seismic lines. Active logging and hydrocarbon concessions occupy much of the
study area. There are currently 23 campesino communities, indigenous communities,
and other settlements along the Tapiche and Blanco rivers, with a total population
of ~2,900 mestizo, Capanahua, and Kichwa residents.
Sites visited
Tapiche watershed
Quebrada Pobreza
Tapiche watershed
During the inventory the social team also met with residents of several other communities:
Espaa, Nuestra Seora de Ftima, Monte Alegre, Morales Bermdez, Pacasmayo,
Puerto ngel, San Antonio de Fortaleza, San Pedro, and Yarina Frontera Topal.
The day after fieldwork concluded, on 26 October 2014, the social and biological teams
met in the community of Nueva Esperanza to share preliminary results of the inventory
with authorities and residents of the Blanco and Tapiche watersheds. On 2829 October,
both teams held a workshop in Iquitos to identify the main threats, assets, and
opportunities in the region and to draft conservation recommendations.
Biological and geological Geomorphology, stratigraphy, hydrology, and soils; vegetation and flora; fishes;
amphibians and reptiles; birds; large and medium-sized mammals; bats
inventory focus
228
Social and cultural assets; ethnohistory; demography, economics, and natural resource
management systems; ethnobotany
Principal biological
results
We recorded 962 plant species and 741 vertebrate species during the inventory.
Dozens of the species we recorded are distributed patchily in Amazonian Peru because
they specialize on islands of poor-soil vegetation. Based on our fieldwork and on maps
of diversity in these groups, we estimate that the total number of vascular plant and
vertebrate species in the Tapiche-Blanco region is 3,8784,478.
Species recorded
during the inventory
Species estimated
for the region
Vascular plants
962
2,5003,000
Fishes
180
400500
65
124
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
48
100
394
550
42
101
Bats
12
103
Total
1,703
3,8784,478
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229
REPORT AT A GLANCE
Landscape
elements
Wetlands
Ucamara Depression,
actively sinking,includes
Pacaya-Samiria
Mosaic of flooded
vegetation types
Deep peats with
important carbon stocks
Black, white, and
clear waters
White sands
Largest patch in Peru
Varillales, chamizales, savanna
Quartzite sands (2 Myr)
Blackwater streams
Uplands
Tall forest on hills and terraces
Highest aboveground carbon
stocks in Peru
Ipururo Formation (25 Myr)
Silty-sandy soils
Clearwater streams
The Blanco and Tapiche are low-conductivity nutrient-poor whitewater rivers. The
geological formations they drain correspond broadly to the three main landscape
elements described above. Recent alluvial sediments and peats underlie the flooded
areas, which are located within the same slowly subsiding Ucamara Depression as the
vast Pacaya-Samiria wetlands farther north. Plio-Pleistocene quartz sand deposits
(~2 million years old) underlie the stunted varillal and chamizal. Finally, the slightly
older Ipururo Formation (25 million years old) occupies most of the uplands.
Soils derived from all three geological formations tend to be sandy, nutrient-poor, and
covered with a dense root mat whose thickness ranges from 515 cm on the slightly richer
upland soils to 1030 cm on the poorer white sands and peat. The yellow-brown loamy
sand and sandy loam upland soils of the Ipururo Formation are drained by clearwater
230
streams with very low conductivities (<10 S/cm) and a slightly acidic pH. Thewhite
quartz-sand soils in the varillales and chamizales are drained by blackwater, higherconductivity (3050 S/cm) and acidic (pH <4.5) streams. Water bodies in the flooded
areas are a mix of white, black, and clearwater. Salt licks (collpas) are relatively rare in the
region, but are important attractions for terrestrial mammals and hunters. Aparrot collpa
of a type rarely recorded in Loreto was observed on a cliff along the Blanco River.
This is one of the most geologically active regions of the Loreto lowlands, crisscrossed
by deep and shallow faults. The most notable is the Bolognesi Fault, whose role in
elevating the uplands above the white-sand forests west of the Blanco River makes it
conspicuous on satellite images. The Blanco River itself appears to be developed
along a zone of secondary faulting, which likely led to the Blancos geologically recent
capture of headwaters that previously belonged to the Glvez River.
The regions sandy, low-nutrient soils make it especially vulnerable to large-scale
extractive activities. The root mats that currently protect the soil are easily destroyed
by road-building, deforestation, and intensive forestry. Loss of these root mats would
result in excessive upland erosion and the subsequent burial of important wetland
environments and low-lying varillales and chamizales. While the three oil wells drilled to
date in the region were dry, exploration is ongoing and constitutes a grave risk. Drilling
inthe Tapiche-Blanco region could cause spills of salty formation waters or oil that
could pollute surface waters and aquatic ecosystems, an especially grave concern given
the exceedingly low levels of salts in the landscape.
Vegetation
Three large blocks of vegetation dominate the landscape: wetlands, white-sand forests,
and upland forests (see map above). Within these blocks we recorded a complex
mosaic of at least five vegetation types (and eight sub-types), many of them growing
on nutrient-poor soils and featuring plant species that are poor-soil specialists.
Some poor-soil forests in the region grow on white sands and others grow on peat
deposits. The varillal and chamizal forests on white sand are very similar in structure
and composition to those in the Matss and Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserves,
but are dominated by different species. We also found forests that strongly resemble
varillales and that harbor a number of species typically associated with that forest type
(Pachira brevipes, Macrolobium microcalyx, Pagamea, Platycarpum sp. nov.), but
that grow on peat. These vegetation types, which we are calling peatland varillales and
chamizales, are similar to Loretos iconic white-sand forests, but their canopies are
overtopped by scattered emergent Mauritia flexuosa and Mauritiella armata palms.
We also found a third vegetation type on peat that was open, dominated by knee-high
sedges, and resembled a savanna. Known from very few other sites in Loreto, peatland
savannas like this occupy tiny patches on the Tapiche-Blanco landscape but likely harbor
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231
REPORT AT A GLANCE
Vegetation (continued)
The highest elevations on the landscape are occupied by majestic, closed-canopy upland
forests with hyperdiverse tree communities that are compositionally similar to those in
Jenaro Herrera, the Matss National Reserve, and the Yavar watershed. These upland
forests were the most heavily disturbed vegetation type. We saw a large number of
cut stumps and timber extraction trails left by illegal loggers, and the forest was also
crisscrossed by recently cut seismic lines.
Flora
The botanists collected 1,069 vascular plant specimens and identified but did not collect
another ~200 species in the field, for a total of 962 species recorded during the
inventory. We believe the regional flora contains 2,5003,000 vascular plant species.
The palm community was especially diverse. We recorded 19 genera and 36 species,
including some that are rarely sighted in Loreto, such as Oenocarpus balickii and Syagrus
smithii. We also found an undescribed species of Platycarpum, as well as four new
records for Peru (the herb Monotagma densiflorum, the orchids Palmorchis sobralioides
and Galeandra styllomisantha, and the treelet Retiniphyllum chloranthum).
The results of our tree inventories are similar to those of recent forestry surveys in the
region. Six families Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Sapotaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae,
and Myristicaceae account for more than half of all stems and contribute the largest
number of species and all of the most common species. In the 70 km of trails we
explored and the ~1,800 trees we inventoried we found none of the highest-value timber
species, tropical cedar (Cedrela odorata) or mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). We only
found three Cedrelinga cateniformis trees (a second-tier high-value species), and all
of them had been cut down.
Fishes
Fish communities in the aquatic habitats of the Tapiche and Blanco watersheds are very
diverse. During the 14-day inventory we recorded 180 species in 22 sampling stations,
and the social team recorded another 30 in their visits to communities. Most sampling
stations were blackwater streams and most of the species we recorded are adapted to
those nutrient-poor habitats. We estimate that the Tapiche and Blanco watersheds harbor
a fish fauna of 400500 species roughly 40% of all freshwater fish known from Peru.
Among the species recorded during the inventory are four that appear to be new to
Peru or new to science (species in the genera Hemigrammus, Tyttocharax, Characidium,
and Bunocephalus).
A quarter of the species we recorded were also recorded during the rapid inventory of
the Sierra del Divisor Reserved Zone; comparable numbers for the lower Tapiche River
and the Matss National Reserve are 22% and 7%. Half of the species in our list were
not recorded in those three earlier inventories.
232
Roughly half of the fish species we recorded are used in some way by local residents.
Many are ornamental taxa that are sold to collectors in Peru and around the world
(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Hyphessobrycon spp., Hemigrammus spp., Corydoras spp.,
Apistogramma spp., and Gymnotus spp.), and Peruvian fishing statistics show the
Tapiche and Blanco watersheds to be important areas for ornamental fish (DIREPRO
2013). Other species are fished and eaten by local communities, especially migratory
taxa like sbalos (Brycon, Salminus), sardinas (Triportheus), lisas (Leporinus, Schizodon),
boquichicos (Prochilodus, Semaprochilodus), and large catfishes (Pseudoplatystoma,
Brachyplatystoma). The Amazons largest food fish, arapaima (Arapaima spp.), is also
reported to be present.
Amphibians
and reptiles
The herpetologists sampled terrestrial and aquatic habitats in upland, flooded, and
white-sand forests, and found well-preserved amphibian and reptile communities. We
recorded 113 species (65 amphibians and 48 reptiles) during the inventory and estimate
that the region has a herpetofauna of at least 124 amphibians and 100 reptiles. These
are astronomic but not unexpected numbers, given that the region lies within the global
epicenter of amphibian diversity.
Notable records include the poison dart frog Ranitomeya cyanovittata, which is restricted
to southern Loreto. Four frog species we found in the inventory may be new to science:
Hypsiboas aff. cinerascens, Osteocephalus aff. planiceps, Chiasmocleis sp. nov., and
Pristimantis aff. lacrimosus. We also recorded two globally Vulnerable species: yellowfooted tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulata) and yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis
unifilis, also considered Vulnerable in Peru).
Birds
We observed 394 bird species in the campsites we visited. This number is intermediate
between those recorded in the rapid inventories of the Matss National Reserve (416) and
the Sierra del Divisor Reserved Zone (365). When records from previous expeditions to the
Tapiche and Blanco watersheds are included, the total number of bird species recorded
to date in these watersheds is 501. We estimate a regional avifauna of 550 species.
The most striking records are the 23 birds that are specialists on poor-soil forests.
These include Notharchus ordii, Hemitriccus minimus, and Myrmotherula cherriei. We
made a concerted search for the three poor-soil specialists that are endemic to Loreto
or to Peru (Percnostola arenarum, Polioptila clementsii, and Zimmerius villarejoi), but
none were recorded during the inventory.
More than 15 of the species we recorded represent range extensions. While some of
these reflect the lack of previous bird studies in the region, most are birds whose
restricted or disjunct distributions are associated with patches of poor-soil forests. Four
examples are Nyctibius leucopterus (previously known only from a few localities north
of the Ucayali-Maran confluence; Fig. 9A), Myrmotherula cherriei (known only from
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REPORT AT A GLANCE
Birds (continued)
the lower Tigre River, Loreto; Fig. 9F), Xenopipo atronitens (known from the middle
Maran, Loreto, and the Pampas del Heath, Madre de Dios; Fig. 9B), and Polytmus
theresiae (known from Morona, Jeberos, and the Pampas del Heath). Other range
extensions are of species that are associated with floodplains along large rivers, such
as Capito aurovirens and Myrmoborus melanurus.
Game bird populations were modest and mostly represented by a few sightings of
Penelope jacquacu, Mitu tuberosum, and Psophia leucoptera. It is possible that these
populations are depressed by hunting, but it is also possible that they reflect the poor
soils and low-productivity habitats that dominate the region. The Tapiche-Blanco region
harbors at least 70 bird species that deserve special conservation attention: three
globally Vulnerable species, two species that are considered Vulnerable in Peru, and
alarge number of species listed in CITES appendices.
Mammals
We censused mammals during the inventory by walking transects (large and mediumsized mammals) and setting mist nets (bats). Of the 204 mammals estimated to occur
in the region (101 large and medium-sized mammals and 103 bats) we recorded
54(42and 12). Maps of global mammal diversity show the Tapiche-Blanco to be part
ofthe worlds most diverse region.
Primates were especially diverse. The 13 species we recorded during the inventory
and the 4 additional species that are expected for the region or that have been recorded
onprevious work represent more than half of all primate species in Loreto. In Peru,
the saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis) is only found between the Tapiche and
Blanco rivers. At our Blanco River campsites we found healthy populations of the
globally Vulnerable red uakari (Cacajao calvus). At the Anguila campsite we sighted
an unidentified Callicebus that may prove to be an undescribed species. Overall we
recorded 15 globally or nationally threatened mammal species.
Ungulate populations were low at the sites we visited, and this was especially true of
white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). This may reflect the impacts of hunting around
logging camps. However, we also heard reports of healthy animal populations near
some communities, where residents hunt for food and occasionally to sell bushmeat.
This uncertainty regarding the populations of game mammals in the region makes it a
high priority to establish agreements between communities and loggers regarding
the monitoring and sustainable management of game.
Human communities
The Tapiche and Blanco watersheds are home to roughly 2,900 people in 22 settlements
indigenous communities, campesino communities, and other settlements most
of which are currently seeking official recognition and land titles. These are mostly mestizo
communities settled by immigrants from cities like Requena and Iquitos, neighboring
watersheds like the Ucayali, Tigre, and Maran, and other regions of Peru like San Martn.
234
The region forms part of the ancestral territory of the Capanahua indigenous group.
TheRemo (another group in the Pano linguistic family) and the Matss also used these
watersheds historically. The arrival of outside colonists began during the rubber boom
(ca. 1900), after which the Capanahua were gradually pushed south, towards the upper
Tapiche, and the Matss pushed east, to the Yaquerana and Glvez watersheds.
The regional economy is diversified and dynamic and has strong connections to markets.
The primary economic activities are logging, ornamental fish collection, fishing, hunting,
subsistence agriculture, and the sale of plantains and manioc byproducts (faria and
tapioca) in the nearby towns of Requena, Curinga, and Santa Elena. These economic
activities have driven settlement patterns and created most communities in the region.
This work requires a deep knowledge of the regional ecology, natural resources, and
seasonal patterns, and has forged strong connections between local residents and their
natural surroundings.
Logging is carried out under a number of different methodsincluding community
forests (bosques locales), forestry permits (permisos forestales), concessions, and
illegallogging in unauthorized areasand it involves a large array of local and external
actors. Debt peonage remains common, and has left many local residents and
communities in debt and subject to abusive working conditions. Residents who fish
foraliving are somewhat freer from these pressures but also dependent to the same
degreeon the market.
Across this social landscape new leaders have begun to emerge and an increasing
number of municipal posts are occupied by local residents. Community assemblies are
increasingly used as places to develop agreements between communities regarding how
communities work, organize themselves, and harvest natural resources. Relationships
between communities are good, and this represents an important foundation for
sustainable management of the region. The presence of government agencies like the
park service (SERNANP), which has staff in the region managing the Matss National
Reserve and the Sierra del Divisor Reserved Zone; the Tapiche Reserve, an ecotourism
lodge and private conservation initiative; and NGOs like the Centro para el Desarrollo
delIndgena Amaznico (CEDIA) are important potential players in helping strengthen
local initiatives to replace the current model of natural resource use with new systems
that are fairer and more sustainable.
Current status
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REPORT AT A GLANCE
Current status (continued)
the only conservation area established in the region to date is a small private initiative
near the confluence of the Blanco and Tapiche rivers: the Tapiche Reserve (1,500 ha).
Most of the region has been designated for forestry (as Bosque de Produccin
Permanente) including large expanses of stunted white-sand forest that has no
potential for forestry but the highest-value timber species have already been removed.
There are several forestry concessions in the region, but many of these have been
cancelled in recent years. Forestry operations inside communities are also active, and
illegal and informal logging remains common throughout the region.
There are three oil and gas concessions in the region. Over the last two years the
PacificRubiales company has opened dozens of seismic lines in the southern portion
ofthe study area.
Conservation targets
01 The
03 Fragile
species inLoreto
06 Fish
01 Forests
and rivers that have maintained their high conservation value despite years
02 Tools
236
Main threats
01 Logging
operations that are illegal, informal, or leave lasting scars on social and
biological communities
02 Existing
03 Little
04 A
Matss
National
Reserve
Matss
National
Reserve
Reserva
Nacional
Pacaya Samiria
50
Reserva
Nacional
km
Pacaya Samiria
Block
137
Block
95
ZONE 1A
Tapiche-Blanco
Sierra
del Divisor
Reserved
Zone
Active forest
concession
Block
135
Permanent
production forest
183
Principal
01 Complete
recommendations
02 Create
Sierra
del Divisor
Reserved
Zone
Tapiche-Blanco
Exploratory wells
Proposed wells
Oil and gas blocks
Seismic survey lines
the land titling process in all communities and settlements in the region
a 308,463-ha protected area between the Tapiche and Blanco rivers for
eliminate overlap with the proposed conservation area, since the poor, fragile soils
make sustainable, low-impact logging operations impossible
04 Work
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Why Tapiche-Blanco?
In July 2014 researchers mapping aboveground carbon stocks throughout Peru announced two
striking discoveries: Amazonian forests in the Loreto region hold most of Perus carbon, and the
highest carbon stocks in Peru occur in forests along the Loreto-Brazil border (Asner et al. 2014).
Two months later our team dropped into this carbon hotspot to assess conservation
opportunities there. Our focus was a ~310,000-ha landscape between the Tapiche and Blanco
rivers (Fig. 2), an expanse of lowland forest that forms a natural corridor between two protected
areas: Matss National Reserve to the east and Sierra delDivisor Reserved Zone to the south.
From previous inventories in those areas we knew that the Tapiche-Blanco region harbors
the largest tract of white-sand soils in Peru18,000-ha of unique stunted forest (varillales and
chamizales) along the left bank of the Blanco adjacent to a vast wetland and an even larger
expanse of megadiverse upland forests. But our pre-inventory meetings with communities also
revealed a region in the grip of unsustainable extractive industries: illegal logging, hydrocarbon
concessions, and unregulated hunting.
Our field work revealed an opportunity to consolidate a major conservation corridor in
the Loreto carbon hotspot. During the three-week inventory our team discovered a mind-boggling
array of stunted vegetation types on white sands and peatlands, including wide-open savannas
that are extremely rare in Peru; recorded 15primate species, including the globally threatened
red uakari; documented world-record level diversity in plant and vertebrate communities on a
poor-soil landscape drained by some of the poorest blackwater streams ever recorded in the
Amazon; and notched more than 15 major range extensions for Amazonian birds that specialize
on poor soils.
About 3,000 people both campesinos and Capanahua, Kichwa, and Wampis people
live in 22settlements along the Tapiche and the Blanco rivers. Their livelihoods range from
subsistence activities (hunting, gathering, fishing, and small-scale agriculture) to commerce in
regional markets (timber, ornamental fish trade). Although many of these settlements date from
the rubber boom in the early 20th century, only four are officially recognized as titled lands.
Consolidating the Tapiche-Blanco as a conservation area will involve securing land
tenure for local people, promoting better management of natural resources, and putting a stop
to illegal logging. Buffered by a ring of communities, a 308,463-ha conservation landscape will
form the core of the area, with strict protection for white-sand forests and areas of sustainable
use by local residents in the upland and floodplain forests.
238
CONSERVATION TARGETS
01
Plant and animal species that specialize on or are endemic to these lowstatured forests, like the trees Mauritia carana (Figs. 6MN), Platycarpum
sp.nov. (Fig. 6B), Euterpe catinga (Fig. 6G), and Pachira brevipes, and more
than 10bird species like Nyctibius leucopterus (Fig. 9A), Myrmotherula cherriei
(Fig.9F), and Xenopipo atronitens (Fig. 9B)
02
A type of vegetation that is even rarer than white-sand forests, and known from
just two other sites in Loreto: savanna-like wetlands with scattered trees,
alternating between extremely wet and extremely dry conditions, and possessing
a specialized flora. We visited a small patch of this savanna near our first
campsite, but the largest expanses are along the middle Tapiche, near the
community of Wicungo (Fig. 5A).
03
Exceptionally pure water with exceptionally low levels of salts and nutrients,
with clearwater streams in upland forests and especially acidic blackwater
streams in low-lying areas
Large peat deposits that are rich in carbon and vulnerable to anthropogenic fire
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04
05
240
06
Diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems rich in plant and animal life that
formthe base of the local economy
Forests and farm plots containing a vast number of plants used by local
residents for food, medicine, and building material (see Appendix 10)
Blackwater creeks harboring dozens of fish species valued for their ornamental
properties, in the genera Paracheirodon, Carnegiella, Hyphessobrycon, Thayeria,
Corydoras, Monocirrhus, and Apistogramma (Figs. 7AQ)
Oxbow lakes with fish species valued as food and as ornamentals, such as
arapaima (Arapaima sp.; Fig. 7A) and silver arowana (Osteoglossum
bicirrhosum)
White water rivers harboring commercial fish stocks that are prized throughout
Loreto and that represent an important source of protein for local communities,
such as Arapaima, Brycon, Leporinus, Schizodon, Prochilodus, and Colossoma
Rookeries (nesting colonies of herons, egrets, and other birds) associated with
oxbow lakes and flooded forests, the macaw salt lick on the Blanco River, and
mammal salt licks throughout the region, which are important tourist attractions
07
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241
08
Five plants (MINAG 2006): Euterpe catinga (VU; Fig. 6G), Haploclathra
paniculata (VU), Mauritia carana (VU; Figs. 6MN), Pachira brevipes (VU),
and Parahancornia peruviana (VU)
The caimans Melanosuchus niger (Fig. 8E) and Paleosuchus trigonatus, which
are Near Threatened according to Peruvian law, and Caiman crocodilus which
is widely overhunted
Two birds (MINAGRI 2014): Nyctibius leucopterus (VU; Fig. 9A) and Primolius
couloni (VU)
09
The frogs Ranitomeya cyanovittata (Fig. 8P) and Ameerega ignipedis, endemic
to this areaof the Amazon
242
10
At least nine plant and animal species that are potentially new to science
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243
01
02
03
An opportunity to institute formal land rights and natural resource rights in the
region, replacing the old model of informal use with a new system of well-defined
rights, based on local residents broad knowledge of the landscape and its
naturalresources
04
A consensus among the national and regional governments that the TapicheBlanco region has high conservation value
05
06
Life plans in preparation for all of the communities on the Blanco River and
for75% of communities on the Tapiche River, thanks to CEDIA
244
07
Maps of natural resource use (see Fig. 24) and zoning initiatives in some
communities (e.g., Lobo Santa Rocino)
Cooperation between the community of Lobo Santa Rocino and park guards
ofthe Sierra del Divisor Reserved Zone to help yellow-spotted river turtle
(Podocnemis unifilis) populations recover
08
Respect for certain areas on the landscape based on legends and beliefs,
which help protect and moderate the use of natural resources
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245
09
10
The ongoing crisis in the Peruvian timber industry, which has sparked the interest
of the Peruvian government and other actors in developing logging methods
that are more sustainable, profitable, and fair than the failed concession system
246
THREATS
01
A very low percentage of communities that possess title to their land, despite
along history of occupation and use
Two indigenous communities on the Tapiche River that are on the brink of
disappearing (Nueva Esperanza and Yarina Frontera Topal); their disappearance
would worsen the unstable land tenure situation, since these are titled communities
02
Weak government oversight of logging in the region (see below) and the
failureof the concessions system (Finer et al. 2014)
The persistence in the region of the debt peonage system, which has long been
associated with deplorable work conditions (human rights abuses, insufficient
pay, lack of accident insurance, worker debt, misleading contracts, etc.)
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Threats (continued)
restricted to upland forests (e.g., rafts of timber are often transported along
streams and oxbow lakes)
03
The erosion of fragile soils in the area, which would lead to sedimentation
andpollution in lakes and rivers
04
Oil and gas exploration and production. The study area overlaps three active oil
and gas concessions (Blocks 137, 135, and 95). Work in these concessions
poses serious threats to the region, including:
05
248
Weak governance. The absence of government authorities and the isolation and
lack of institutional support faced by Tapiche-Blanco residents are at the root of
many problems in the region. Some authorities are directly involved in corruption
and subject to conflicts of interest, due to their ties to logging. Other problems
related to weak governance include:
07
08
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Our inventory of the forests between the Tapiche and Blanco rivers revealed large expanses of white-sand forests
and wetlands on deep peat deposits, both of them very well preserved, as well as vast tracts of upland forest that
remain megadiverse despite years of illegal logging. Because logging has historically been restricted to a handful
of valuable timber species, the area still harbors diverse plant and animal communities, sequesters vast carbon
stocks, and maintains a high value for conservation.
Land use in the area remains largely informal, and a great deal of work is needed to formalize land titles and land
use rights. Some 3,000 peoplecampesinos and members of the Capanahua, Kichwa, and Wampis indigenous
groupslive along the banks of the Tapiche and Blanco rivers around the proposed conservation area. Although
some of these settlements have been occupied for more than three generations, just three of them currently have
title to their land. Meanwhile, dozens of different forestry permits (bosques locales, permisos forestales, forestry
concessions, and permutas) have been granted across the landscape; many lack the required papers and several
were created illegally. As a result, there is no current, widely accepted map of land use and land rights in the region.
Moving the Tapiche-Blanco region towards a future of conservation and long-term sustainable management will
require a series of steps: granting land rights, eliminating illegal logging, promoting more sustainable management
of natural resources, and sparking more cooperation between stakeholders in the region. These strategies will
provide the foundation needed to declare a conservation area between the Tapiche and Blanco rivers
(308,463ha) offering strict protection for the ~18,000 ha of white-sand forests on the western banks of the
Blanco River, and to declare a separate conservation area to protect the large wetlands (~90,000ha) west of the
middle Tapiche River, near the community of Wicungo.
PROTECTION AND
MANAGEMENT
01
Obtain land title for and strengthen the legal standing of communities in
the region, based on current use by local residents
02
Review and reform logging activities inside the proposed conservation area
and in the surrounding communities
Inside the proposed conservation area:
Plan and carry out joint actions between government agencies and local
residents to eliminate illegal logging in the Tapiche-Blanco region
Redraw and relocate the Permanent Production Forests (Zone 1A), as well
as inactive or expired forestry concessions; the remoteness of this region,
the sandy, fragile soils, and the lack of high-value timber make sustainable
low-impact logging operations an unrealistic proposition
250
Re-assess the viability of the active forestry concessions in the region, especially
the one most recently administered by Green Gold Forestry Per SAC (74,028
ha) in the heart of the proposed conservation area, which harbors a potentially
undescribed primate species (Callicebus sp. nov.; Fig. 10N).
Map and review the current status of forest access rights and other extractive
rights, and eliminate those that were created illegally (e.g., bosque local permits
for untitled communities)
Ensure that authorities at all levels (national, regional, local, communal) have
access to the same information on forest use
Refocus logging on community lands, with the goal of replacing the current
model of large-scale, often abusive logging operations with a new system of
small-scale forestry at the community level
Free communities from penalties and fines imposed by OSINFOR, which are
often impossible to pay. This can be done if communities band together and
seek support from the Defensora del Pueblo.
Establish procedures under which communities can monitor and report on illegal
logging both on communal lands and in the proposed conservation area
03
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251
RECOMMENDATIONS
Establish guard posts and patrols to keep the region free of illegal actors
Coordinate the management of the proposed area with the other protected areas
in the region
Seek out long-term financing for the administration of the proposed conservation
area, recognizing that the crucial role it plays in carbon sequestration in the
Peruvian Amazon makes it a good fit for REDD or carbon credit projects, and
Perus National Program for Forest Conservation to mitigate climate change
04
Protect the extraordinary wetlands on the middle Tapiche River (~90,000 ha), near
Wicungo and Santa Elena, via a protected area category that allows communities to
use them under management plans. These wetlands are an important source of
fish and other aquatic wildlife for all of Loreto Region, and a critical refuge for
waterbirds and black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), which is recovering from years
of hunting. A biological and social inventory of these wetlands, potentially led by
the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazona Peruana (IIAP), will help determine
how best to conserve this ecosystem and its ecological services to the benefit of
local communities.
05
Work closely with communities to build a long-term vision for the conservation and
sustainable use of natural resources
Prepare a detailed map of natural resource use in every community. This will
make it possible to effectively zone titled and untitled community lands as well
as neighboring lands, as part of the strategy to involve communities in the
management and oversight of the proposed conservation area.
Prepare life plans for every community. These should be based on communities
reflection on all of the factors that influence community well-being, including
cultural, environmental, social, political, and economic aspects.
Promote life plans as a tool for managing community lands in partnership with
district and regional authorities, so that communities can obtain available the
public funds (i.e., presupuestos participativos) they need to implement their
highest-priority aspirations
252
06
07
08
End or relocate oil and gas exploration and production in the proposed
conservation area
Redraw the three oil and gas concessions (95, 135, and 137) to eliminate
overlap with the proposed conservation area and protect the large expanses of
fragile white-sand forests with high levels of endemism
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253
254
Technical Report
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
The area we studied in the Tapiche-Blanco region is a ~315,000-ha block of lowland
forest in the Peruvian Amazon bounded by the Tapiche River to west, the Blanco
River to the east and south, and the confluence of the two rivers to the north. The
area is about 40km from the Peru-Brazil border and nearly equidistantabout
200kmfrom three important Peruvian cities: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Tarapoto.
Atrio of protected areas surrounds the Tapiche-Blanco region, with the Matss
National Reserve (420,596 ha) to the north and east, the Sierra del Divisor Reserved
Zone (1,478,311 ha) to the east and south, and the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve
(2,170,220 ha) to the northwest.
There are 22 settlements scattered along the Tapiche and Blanco rivers,
inhabitedmostly by campesino residents and a few Capanahua peoples. Many
ofthesettlements date from the second rubber boom in the early 20th century
(1920sand 1930s) or from temporary logging camps that grew over time into
morepermanent villages. Only 4 communities have land titles, and 15 other
communities (7campesino and 8 indigenous) are in the process of titling their land.
Despite an abundance of white-sand forests inappropriate for timber extraction,
the entire area is designated as permanent production forest (Bosque de Produccin
Permanente). Forestry concessions occur in both the Tapiche and Blanco drainages,
but most of them have been annulled or declared inactive. There was one large active
concession (74,028 ha) in the heart of our Tapiche-Blanco study area during the
inventory. The concession was granted to Green Gold Forestry Per SAC in 2012 as
a swap (or permuta) for an abandoned concession in the Tigre drainage where the
landscape was sandy and unproductive, and where local communities denied the
company access to their concession. Green Gold Forestry had planned to begin
operations in their Tapiche-Blanco concession in 2015, but has since left the area
foranother permuta elsewhere in Loreto.
There are smaller-scale forestry designations on the landscape as well, including
municipal-level local forests and regional-level forestry permits. However,
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255
of 3133 C.
default/files/paginternas/tablaarchivos/2014/03/08-
pe/sites/default/files/paginternas/tablaarchivos/2014/
03/06-solicituddereservaindigenasierradeldivisor
256
[2014]). Two and a half million years ago, sea levels rose
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257
258
sample. The biological team did not visit the heart of the
social team did visit both the piripiral grassland and the
technical report.
Tapiche-Blanco region.
at this camp was delayed and we only spent four days here
1 Yanayacu (black water in Quechua) is such a common river name in Amazonian Peru
that our 315,000-ha study area contains at least three major streams with that name.
For clarity, throughout the report we refer to the tributary of the Tapiche as the Yanayacu
(Tapiche) and the tributary of the Blanco as the Yanayacu (Blanco).
the kitchen once and our work tables twice, and relocated
many tents and hammocks. Even on days without rain,
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259
this volume).
via the trail network, but the water levels rose more than
theblackwater lakes.
insects in our camp, and very few sweat bees. Just 100m
National Reserve.
260
conservation area.
palms, and a few other small trees, but mostly the area is
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261
as well.
within Loreto.
At this campsite we made one of the most
262
on peatlands.
gathered data.
table is very close to the surface here and that the root
M.flexuosa fruits).
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263
INTRODUCTION
This is the first rapid inventory in Loreto to be done in
a region of active tectonic subsidence (where the land
itself is sinking because of tectonic processes). Most of
Regional geology
264
Samiria wetlands.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
265
of bioturbation.
266
Iquitos Formation.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
267
(Sbrier and Soler 1991) may also have raised the alluvial
River and the Tapiche River above the Punga lakes, and
268
METHODS
To study the landscape of the Tapiche-Blanco, we visited
three sites (Figs. 2A-B; see the chapter Overview of
biological and social inventory sites, this volume). These
sites feature distinct hydrology, topography, and
vegetation, allowing the comparison of several different
environments. The Wiswincho campsite is located on the
floodplains of the Yanayacu (Blanco) River within the
confluence region of the Tapiche and Blanco rivers. This
camp provided access to wetland areas and to the banks
of the Blanco River. The Anguila campsite is located in
the hilly landscape between the Tapiche and Blanco
rivers developed on the Nauta Formation, and the broad
valley of the Yanayacu (Anguila) River, which may have
been formed in part by faulting. The Quebrada Pobreza
campsite, on the banks of the Quebrada Pobreza,
provided access to the 10km wide zone of varillales and
related vegetation developed on the white quartz sands
(mapped as Pleistocene alluvium). One trail crossed the
Bolognesi Fault, providing access to the adjacent uplands
developed on the Ipururo Formation.
Fieldwork focused on areas along the trail systems
and along the stream and riverbanks at each camp.
Geographic coordinates (WGS 84) and elevation were
recorded for every 50m trail point, for every soil and
surface water sample point, and for notable features. To
study the relationship between the landscape and soils,
the top 10cm of mineral soil was sampled at each trail
point, and texture (Stallard 2006a) and color (Munsell
1954) were described.
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269
Figure 14. Field measurements of pH and conductivity of Andean and Amazonian water samples in micro-Siemens percm, including current and
previous inventories. The solid black symbols represent stream-water samples collected during this study. The solid light gray symbols represent
samples collected during six previous inventories: Matss (Stallard 2006), Nanay-Mazn-Arabela (Stallard 2007), Yaguas-Cotuh (Stallard 2011),
Cerros de Kampankis (Stallard and Zapata-Pardo 2012), Ere-Campuya-Algodn (Stallard 2013), and Cordillera Escalera-Loreto (Stallard and Lindell
2014). The open light gray symbols correspond to numerous samples collected elsewhere across the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Note that streams
from each site tend to group together and that we can characterize these groupings according to their geology and soils. In the Amazon lowlands of
eastern Peru four groups stand out: 1) the low-pH, acid blackwaters associated with quartz-sand soils, 2) the low-conductivity waters associated with
the Nauta 2 sedimentary unit, 3) the slightly more conductive waters of the Nauta 1 sedimentary unit, and 4) the substantially more conductive and
higher-pH waters that drain the Pebas Formation. The Ipururo Formation observed in this study cannot be distinguished from the Nauta 1 and 2.
The waters of the Tapiche-Blanco occupy a continuum between acid, high-conductivity blackwaters and extremely pure low-conductivity clear waters.
Two collpa (salt-lick) samples from the Tapiche-Blanco region have conductivities of 20 and 310S/cm. The one with the lowest conductivity is from
the Quebrada Pobreza campsite, and is only slightly more conductive than surrounding streams. The other is from the Anguila campsite and resembles
the more typical collpas of Loreto.
Key
Andes
Pure acids
Tectonic basins
Black waters
Iquitos Formation
Weathered
Shields
Nauta 1 Formation
RI Kampankis/Escalera
RI Matss/Divisor
RI NAM
RI Yaguas
pH (-log(aH+)
Negro River
Pebas Formation
6
Ipururu
Nauta 2
Formations
RI ECA
RI TB1 Wiswincho
Limestone
RI TB2 Aguila
RI TB3 Pobreza
Collpas
9
1
10
100
1000
10000
Conductivity (S cm-1)
270
this manner.
RESULTS
Wiswincho campsite
Flat lowlands that are a result of the actively subsiding
Ucamara Depression characterize the northern part of the
study area, between the Blanco and Tapiche rivers near
their confluence. The Wiswincho campsite was located
along the floodplain of the Yanayacu (Blanco) River,
approximately 2km from its confluence with the Blanco
River. Broad floodplains and wetlands, dominated by
hummock swamps and blackwater inundated forest, were
the prevailing features of the area surrounding the camp.
Tea-colored, acidic (pH = 4.04.2) black water is
associated with the poorly-drained wetlands (Fig.14).
In addition to riparian forest, the hummock swamps
and peatlands also contained various other habitats:
varillales and aguajales, as well as two types of
chamizales (one on top of a floodplain that is described
as a savanna, and the other on top of deep peatlands).
Across the landscape, aguajales are distributed along
small stream channels, in either local or expansive
depressions, and in peatlands that appear to be almost
continuously flooded. Topographic variation in the area
is relatively low (25m).
The Yanayacu (Blanco) and surrounding floodplain
hummock swamps are blackwater into which white
water from the Blanco mixes as far as 1km upstream.
The Blanco River contains sediments and minor levee
and bank deposits, making it a whitewater river by
appearance. However, from the chemistry analysis, the
water is relatively pure (conductivity = 13.9S/cm,
pH=4.8). The low conductivity of the river is indicative
of the nutrient-poor uplands where the water and
sediments originate.
The camp had to be relocated due to 13 hours of
heavy rain on each of the three days prior to the arrival
of the biological team. That rain raised the water level in
the Yanayacu (Blanco) by 1m. Moderate rains continued
two of the four days that we were at the site; with these
rains and presumably rains in the upper watershed, the
Yanayacu (Blanco) continued to rise, showing minimal
signs of drainage. Flooding indications from levee
vegetation along the Blanco suggest that the water rises
another 12m during the rainier months (September to
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Wiswincho campsite.
272
Anguila campsite
by the flat region that parallels the left side of the Blanco
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273
soil was a sandy clay, gray in color, and the water had a
few roots that went down and some old root traces
20cm of the pit was white quartz sand, wet and well
from the Pobreza and closer to the Blanco the forest was
larger in stature. Blackwaters drain this floodplain and
ridges near the fault, these soils are found only on the
274
the fault that aligns with the river along the region with
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275
276
less than the Pebas. The upper Nauta seems to cap all of
andvery acid.
THREATS
Iquitos Formation.
road building.
peatland savanna.
aquatic ecosystems.
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INTRODUCTION
278
Allpahuayo-Mishana NationalReserve.
Hans ter Steege a list of the 1,578 tree species that are
area, on the other side of the Blanco), and were the first
METHODS
Work prior to the inventory
Our work began in May 2014, with an overflight to
explore the study area and identify potential campsites
(Appendix 1). We focused on sites where satellite images
showed a variety of different vegetation types in a
relatively small area (Fig.2A). Once the campsites were
selected, the botanical team compiled information on
previous work in the region. This included species lists
and other data reported by the studies mentioned in the
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279
(http://tnrs.iplantcollaborative.org/TNRSapp.html).
Vegetation was coarsely mapped using imagery from
where possible.
280
Geonoma (5 spp.).
Table1. Number of vascular plant species recorded and estimated to occur in rapid inventories of the flora and vegetation of 10 sites in
Loreto Region,Peru.
Rapid inventory
Yavar
1,675
Reference
2,5003,500
1,500
2,5003,500
Gepp
1,400
3,0004,000
Matss
1,253
2,5003,500
Nanay-Mazn-Arabela
1,100
3,0003,500
Ere-Campuya-Algodn
1,009
2,0002,500
997
3,0003,500
Tapiche-Blanco
962
2,5003,000
This report
Yaguas-Cotuh
948
3,0003,500
Maijuna
800
2,500
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fusciflorus (Rutaceae).
Notable records
Minquartia guianensis).
Vegetation types
There are several large-scale vegetation maps that
include the Tapiche-Blanco region (e. g., Josse etal.
2007, Draper etal. 2014), as well as a few smaller-scale
maps focused on the region (Struhsaker etal. 1997,
Vriesendorp etal. 2006a). All of these map vegetation in
different ways, however, and there is still no consensus
on how to name, classify, or map Amazonian vegetation
types at the scale of our study area (~315,000 ha).
During the 15-day inventory we recorded five main
New species
approximately 1216m tall. Very abundant in TapicheBlanco peatlands and, to a lesser degree, in white-sand
forests (varillales). This is the same species as that
recorded in the rapid inventory of the Matss National
Reserve (Vriesendorp etal. 2006c). It is currently being
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283
Table2. Vegetation types and subtypes in the study area between the Tapiche and Blanco rivers in lowland Peruvian Amazonia.
284
Peatlands/Turberas
Vegetation growing on low-fertility flooded alluvial soils covered with a layer of decaying organic matter
(peat), which can reach ~5m thick.
A low forest of thin-trunked trees (<30cm dbh), with a canopy of 1215m, on soils covered with a
thick layer of organic matter (14m thick). Observed at the Wiswincho campsite. Mapped in orange
in the vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Dense vegetation of thin-trunked trees (<20cm dbh), with a canopy of 57m, on soils covered with a
layer of organic matter (<1m thick). Observed at the Wiswincho campsite. Mapped in orange in the
vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Peatland savanna/
Sabana de turberas
A nearly open field dominated by sedges, ferns, and lichens and dotted with small islands of small trees
and shrubs 35m tall. The landscape is flat and poorly drained (frequently flooded). The soil is clayey
and covered with a fine layer of organic matter (3040cm thick). Observed at the Wiswincho campsite.
Mapped in brown in the vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Swamp forest growing on permanently saturated peat, with dense stands (100400 ind./ha) of the palm
Mauritia flexuosa. May also have diverse tree communities of palms mixed with other tree species.
Occupies large areas in the north and west of the study area (Fig.5A), as well as smaller patches in
poorly-drained sites elsewhere. Mapped in purple in the vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Levee forests/Bosque de
terrazas bajas o restinga
Tall forest with large trees (2530m tall) on occasionally flooded alluvial soils rich in silt and covered
with a layer of organic matter 2030cm thick. Observed at the Wiswincho campsite, on the southern
bank of the Yanayacu Creek. Mapped in light green in the vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Floodplain forests/Bosque de
planicie inundable
Relatively dense vegetation with large trees and a closed canopy 2530m high. Forms part of the
riparian system and may be flooded for 36 months each year. Observed in the Wiswincho campsite,
where it occurs along the Blanco (vrzea) and the Yanayacu (igap). Mapped in light green in the
vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Located along blackwater rivers and lakes. The canopy is closed and reaches 1518m high along the
banks and 2530m high farther inland. Relatively poor alluvial soils.
Located along the Blanco River, where it ranges from successional vegetation on white-sand beaches to
tall, closed-canopy forest (2530m high) farther inland. Alluvial soils richer than those of igap.
White-sand forests/Bosque
sobre arena blanca
Very dense vegetation growing on fine, very low-nutrient, and poorly-drained white-sand soils covered
with a fine layer of organic matter (520cm thick). Observed in the Anguila and Quebrada Pobreza
campsites, and forming a large block along the western bank of the Blanco River (the largest block of
white-sand forest in Peru). Mapped in orange in the vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Dense forests with a canopy 1012m high, on white-sand soils under a thin layer of organic matter and
root mat.
Dense forests with a canopy 2535m high, with emergents up to 45 m, on loamy soils (sandy-clayey or
clayey-sandy) covered with a fine layer of leaf litter and organic matter (525cm thick). Observed at the
Anguila and Quebrada Pobreza campsites, and covering most of the study area. Mapped in dark green in
the vegetation map in Fig.5A.
Peatlands
km 2
occupies less than 10% of the study area overall (Fig. 5A).
flexuosa swamp).
of Mauritia flexuosa.
Levee forests
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285
Floodplain forests
White-sand forests
conservation area.
in Loreto.
286
mix of black and white water our plot receives from the
These are the most diverse and the most extensive forests
ofintermediate fertility.
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287
5) Our data from the upland plots agree well with the
data gathered during an inventory of the same
forests by the timber company Green Gold Forestry
Per (GGFP 2014). This suggests that Green Golds
inventory has significant scientific value, given that it
was much more intensive than our plots and transects.
Common species in the lower strata of upland forests
include Oenocarpus bataua, Aspidosperma spp., Duroia
saccifera, Conceveiba terminalis, and Virola pavonis.
Common in the understory were the palms
Lepidocaryum tenue, Attalea racemosa, and (in some
places) juveniles of Oenocarpus bataua, in addition to
the treelets Rinorea racemosa, Leonia glycycarpa, and
Pausandra martinii.
One of the most abundant herbs, Monotagma
densiflorum, is a new record for Peru. Ischnosiphon
hirsutum and Heliconia hirsuta were also common. At
the Anguila campsite we observed small ant clearings
(supay chacras) measuring up to 10 m 2 and dominated
by Duroia hirsuta.
288
THREATS
theregion.
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289
FISHES
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Field work
fieldmuseum.org).
5species.
Within these fish communities we recorded a number
RESULTS
Richness and composition
We recorded a total of 180 fish species distributed across
9 orders, 34 families, and 11 genera (~3,700 individuals).
Of these, 124 were collected, 33 were observed, and
23were registered through surveys with local people
(Appendix 5).
Most fish we caught were Characiformes, which
represented more than 53% of the total richness (96 of
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291
campsite to be undersampled.
Anguila campsite
(see discussion).
Wiswincho campsite
Figure 15. Sites where fish communities have been inventoried in the Tapiche-Blanco watershed of Amazonian Peru.
Key
Rapid inventory campsites
Tapiche-Blanco
Pacaya-Samiria
National Reserve
Matss
National
Reserve
Protected Areas
Linares-Palomino et al.
(2013a) study sites
Chonc
0
25
50
km
ya
er
Itia
Tbu
Wiswincho
Quebrada
Pobreza
Riv
er
ca
iv
Tap ic he R iv
er
iR
Bla
nco
Anguila
Actiam
Iquitos
Pucallpa
Ojo de
Contaya
Lima
Tapiche
Peru
Divisor
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293
Blanco River.
clearwater ecosystems.
Fish diversity varied among the different campsites,
DISCUSSION
The total number of fish species in the Amazon basin
remains a matter of debate, with estimates ranging from
1,200 (Gry 1990) to 7,000 (Val and Almeida-Val 1995).
Every year, as new sites are explored and old sites
revisited, more species are added to the checklist of
Amazonian fishes. The Peruvian Amazon contributes
a high number of species to the basins freshwater
ecosystem diversity. Of the 1,064 species of freshwater
fish known to occur in Peru, approximately 800 are
from the Amazon region. However, there are still many
inaccessible sites that have yet to be explored and will
likely contain undescribed species.
294
600
Bray-Curtis similarity
0
20
40
60
80
100
500
Tapiche (RI17)
No. of species
400
Contaya (RI17)
Divisor (RI17)
300
Matss (RI16)
200
Wiswincho (RI27)
Anguila (RI27)
1
Jack 1 Mean
Bootstrap Mean
The other species that are not shared by the Sierra del
Peruvian territory.
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296
THREATS
INTRODUCTION
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297
METHODS
On 926 October 2014 we studied amphibians and
reptiles at three campsites with a broad range of upland
298
RESULTS
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299
Wiswincho
Campsite
Wiswincho
Campsite
Anguila
Campsite
Anguila
Campsite
5
5
20
19
10
10
Quebrada
Pobreza
Campsite
Quebrada
Pobreza
Campsite
only recorded in this camp. This was also the case for
the white caiman (Caiman crocodilus), which was only
Wiswincho campsite
reproductive seasons.
Anguila campsite
300
sand forests.
DISCUSSION
Herpetological diversity in the Tapiche-Blanco
region and elsewhere in Loreto
The diversity of the Tapiche-Blanco herpetofauna is very
similar to that recorded in other inventories of Loreto
Region, such as those in the Matss National Reserve
(Gordo etal. 2006) and the Sierra del Divisor Reserved
Zone (Barbosa da Souza and Rivera 2006). Amphibian
diversity is similar to the majority of the inventories
carried out to date in Loreto (Table3). It differs most
notably from inventories of rich-soil forests such as
Yavar and Yaguas (78 and 75 spp.), and in Matss (74
spp.), which included a gradient of rich to very poor soils
(Rodrguez and Knell 2003, 2004; Gordo etal. 2006,
Vriesendorp etal. 2006a). Other factors that affect this
variation in diversity are precipitation during sampling,
range of environmental gradients, and habitat and
microhabitat availability.
Reptile diversity falls near the average number of
species recorded in other inventories (Table3). Fewer
reptiles are typically recorded in inventories because they
are more cryptic, do not vocalize, and are stealthier.
Greater sampling effort is required to generate a
comprehensive reptile list.
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Table3. Number of amphibian and reptile species reported in rapid inventories of several lowland forest sites in Loreto Region, Amazonian Peru.
Number of
amphibian
species
Number of
reptile
species
Total
Publication
Yavar
77
43
120
64
40
104
Matss
74
35
109
68
41
109
Site
Nanay-Mazn-Arabela
53
36
99
Cuyabeno-Gepp
59
48
107
Maijuna
66
42
108
Yaguas-Cotuh
75
53
128
Ere-Campuya-Algodn
68
60
128
Tapiche-Blanco
64
48
112
this study
66.8
44.6
112.4
Average
302
As regards the herpetofauna associated with peatbog forests and flooded savannas, we were not able to
ascertain its composition during the inventory. Much
of the peat bog habitat at our campsites was flooded and
our sampling efforts in those ecosystems were limited.
0.96
0.90
0.84
0.78
0.72
0.66
0.60
Anguila
Notable records
Quebrada Pobreza
Palomino-Linares
et al. (2013b)
Tapiche (RI17)
characterize C. carvalhoi.
Wiswincho
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303
Range extensions
white-sand forest.
THREATS
Legal and illegal logging pose a serious threat to the
herpetofauna due to environmental impacts such as the
disturbance, fragmentation, erosion, and soil compaction
occasioned by the construction of logging trails and
roads (Catenazzi and von May 2014). Clearings made
during selective logging and roads made to transport
timber change the chemical and physical composition of
304
BIRDS
Authors: Brian J. OShea, Douglas F. Stotz, Percy Saboya del
Castillo, and Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza
Conservation targets: A group of 17 species restricted to
poor-soil forests (varillales and chamizales), especially Whitewinged Potoo (Nyctibius leucopterus), Cherries Antwren
(Myrmotherula cherriei), and Black Manakin (Xenopipo atronitens),
species with patchy distributions in Loreto; 5 species restricted
to flooded forests in western Amazonia; 15 species classified in
special conservation categories by IUCN (2014) or MINAGRI
(2014), and 55 additional species listed under Appendix II of
CITES, particularly large parrots such as Red-bellied Macaw
(Orthopsittaca manilata), Blue-headed Macaw (Primolius couloni),
Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna), Scarlet Macaw (Ara
macao), and Orange-winged Parrot (Amazona amazonica);
populations of game birds, especially cracids and trumpeters
INTRODUCTION
The tierra firme forests of western Amazonia feature
scattered patches of stunted forest growing on various
highly eroded substrates, especially quartzitic sands and
weathered clays. These forests, known in the Iquitos
region as varillales and often referred to as white-sand,
nutrient-poor, or poor-soil forests, support a distinct
flora with many endemic species (Fine etal. 2010).
Recent ornithological work in varillales near Iquitos has
resulted in the discovery of five bird species new to
science, as well as many new distributional records for
Peru (summarized in lvarez Alonso etal. 2013).
During our Matss rapid inventory in 2004, we
surveyed three sites in the upper Yavar drainage east of
the Blanco River, and noted the presence of extensive
varillales on the west side of the river (Vriesendorp etal.
2006a). Within the study area of the Matss inventory,
poor soils dominated the landscape at two campsites:
Chonc, which was mostly weathered clay, and Itia
Tbu, which featured primarily sandy soils. In that
inventory report we suggested that these unique areas
should be protected, and similar habitats in the region
identified and surveyed (Vriesendorp etal. 2006a).
The current inventory provides the first serious
avifaunal survey of the stunted forests in the
interfluvium between the Tapiche and Blanco rivers.
From an ornithological perspective the most relevant
previous surveys in the region are the Matss inventory
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Pequeo 2006).
306
METHODS
OShea, Stotz, Saboya, and Ruelas surveyed the birds
at three campsites in the Blanco and Tapiche drainages
(see map in Fig.2A and the chapter Overview of
biological and social inventory sites, this volume). We
spent four full days and parts of two days at Wiswincho
(1013 October 2014), five full days and parts of two
days at Anguila (1519 October), and five full days and
parts oftwo days at Quebrada Pobreza (2125 October).
Wiswincho and Quebrada Pobreza were located near
left-bank tributaries of the Ro Blanco within 7km of
the river. At Wiswincho, the Ro Blanco proper was
surveyed by boat by OShea on one day. Anguila was
situated on a right-bank tributary of the Ro Tapiche,
29km from the river. The elevational diversity was
minimal, ranging between 100 masl at Wiswincho and
185 masl at Anguila. The ornithological team spent
approximately 154 hours observing birds at Wiswincho,
and 188 hours at Anguila. OShea, Ruelas, and Saboya
spent 135 hours afield at Quebrada Pobreza; Stotz was
not present at this camp.
Our protocol consisted of walking trails, looking and
listening for birds. We conducted our surveys separately
to increase independent-observer effort. Each day at
least one observer covered each trail in the trail system
inthat habitat.
work (E. Ruelas, pers. obs.). All three of these trips were
RESULTS
During our inventory in the Tapiche-Blanco interfluvium
we found 394 species of birds. Combining our inventory
list with those from unpublished observations along the
Tapiche and Blanco rivers (see previous paragraph) yields
a total number of species encountered in the region of
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307
and did not have access to a large river. This site had by
Mixed-species flocks
Pobreza 17.
308
Table4. Bird species totals per campsite for three rapid inventories in the Tapiche and Blanco watersheds, ranked from
most to least diverse. Sources: Schulenberg etal. (2006), Stotz and Pequeo (2006), this study.
Inventory/Campsite
Number of species
Tapiche-Blanco/Wiswincho
Dominant habitat(s)
323
Igap /chamizal/vrzea
Matss/Actiam
323
283
Floodplain terrace
Tapiche-Blanco/Anguila
270
Matss/Chonc
260
Tapiche-Blanco/Quebrada Pobreza
203
Matss/Itia Tbu
187
Varillal
180
Poor-soil forest
149
Poor-soil forest
Table5. Birds classified as specialists on white-sand forest and the habitats in which we found them in the Tapiche-Blanco interfluvium.
Where two habitats are listed, the species was more common in the first. List and specialization classes follow lvarez Alonso etal. (2013).
Igap = floodplain forest along blackwater rivers; vrzea = floodplain forest along whitewater rivers.
Species
Specialization class
Habitats
Crypturellus strigulosus
Local
Notharchus ordii
Strict
Nyctibius leucopterus
Facultative
Varillal
Topaza pyra
Facultative
Polytmus theresiae
Facultative
Chamizal
Trogon rufus
Facultative
Galbula dea
Facultative
Epinecrophylla leucophthalma
Local
Tierra firme
Myrmotherula cherriei
Facultative
Chamizal
Hypocnemis hypoxantha
Facultative
Tierra firme
Sclerurus rufigularis
Facultative
Deconychura longicauda
Facultative
Tierra firme
Lepidocolaptes albolineatus
Local
Varillal
Hemitriccus minimus
Strict
Varillal
Neopipo cinnamomea
Local
Strict
Chamizal
Conopias parvus
Local
Ramphotrigon ruficauda
Facultative
Attila citriniventris
Local
Xipholena punicea
Strict
Igap
Xenopipo atronitens
Local
Chamizal
Heterocercus aurantiivertex
Local
Varillal, igap
Dixiphia pipra
Facultative
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Migration
we encountered.
lowchamizal.
about 25 species.
310
Breeding
of an adult.
Game birds
DISCUSSION
were present. We only had two observations of Razorbilled Curassow (Mitu tuberosum), one each from
Wiswincho and Quebrada Pobreza. This species should
have been more common, and we suspect that hunting
has reduced its numbers in this region. Large tinamous
(Tinamus spp.) and Spixs Guan (Penelope jacquacu)
Wiswincho campsite
This locality, with 323 species, had the highest species
richness of any campsite. We attribute this to the variety
of habitats within a short distance of the camp, and the
broad overlap in species composition between species-
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311
Anguila campsite
312
thisanomaly.
Notable records
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313
the varillales.
OShea observed a single male of Pompadour
is possible that the bird seen was not using vrzea, but
openhabitats.
314
more river-oriented fieldwork. These include Red-andwhite Spinetail (Certhiaxis mustelinus), Orange-fronted
ofnortheastern Peru.
white-sand avifauna
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315
etal.1997).
The remaining suite of specialists listed by lvarez
and the fact that they were only discovered after years of
316
(Table5).
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317
Mixed-species flocks
rapidinventory.
318
Game birds
Pequeo 2006).
Migration
Although the inventory occurred at a time when
Blue-and-yellow Macaws.
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319
aquatic birds
and illegal
MAMMALS
Author: Mario Escobedo Torres
Conservation targets: An area of the Amazon with the highest
mammal diversity in the world; an exceptionally rich primate
community, with up to 17 species; Saguinus fuscicollis, a
restricted-range primate; a rare variation of the primate Callicebus
cupreus; large primates facing strong hunting pressure throughout
their geographic ranges, especially Ateles chamek, Lagothrix
poeppigii, and Pithecia monachus; eight species of mammals
considered to be threatened by the IUCN: Cacajao calvus,
Priodontes maximus, Callimico goeldii, Lagothrix poeppigii,
Leopardus tigrinus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Trichechus inunguis,
and Tapirus terrestris; rare species such as Atelocynus microtis;
bats and the important ecological services they provide, such as
pollination, seed dispersal, and controlling insect populations
INTRODUCTION
Bordered by the Tapiche and Blanco rivers, the study
area is located within an epicenter of global mammalian
diversity (Jenkins etal. 2013). Unlike other areas of the
Peruvian Amazon, the mammal community in the
Tapiche-Blanco region has been the subject of significant
previous research. Previous studies include the rapid
inventories carried out by the Field Museum in the
Yavar River valley (Escobedo 2003, Salovaara etal.
2003), the Matss National Reserve (Amanzo 2006),
320
Non-volant mammals
METHODS
Camera traps
During the advance work prior to the inventory (1924
September 2014), Patricia lvarez-Loayza installed 10
camera traps at the Quebrada Pobreza campsite. These
were digital Reconyx Hyper Fire 800 cameras with
passive infrared sensors. Each camera contained a 2 GB
memory card and 12 AA batteries, and packets of silica
were placed inside each camera trap in order to minimize
the harmful effects of high air humidity. The cameras
were operational 24 hours a day and programmed to
take three continuous photos with intervals of less than
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321
Bats
starting time and the time of each capture. The nets were
322
RESULTS
I recorded 42 species of non-volant mammals and
12species of bats, for a total of 54 species recorded.
Based on the distribution of mammal species in this part
of Peru, I estimate that at least 204 species occur in the
study area. Of these, 101 are medium to large mammals
(terrestrial, arboreal, and aquatic) and 103 are bats.
Acomplete list of recorded and expected species can
befound in Appendix 8.
The most important orders in our list of recorded
mammals were Primates (13), Chiroptera (12),
Carnivora(8), and Rodentia (7; Table7).
Non-volant mammals
Species recorded
The non-volant mammals I recorded belong to 8 orders,
21 families, 40 genera, and 42 species (Table7). Two
others are unconfirmed: Trichechus inunguis and
Pteronura brasiliensis. Residents of Lobo Santa Rocino
and Palmeras on the Blanco River told me that both
Table6. Sampling effort for mammals at three campsites of a rapid inventory of the Blanco and Tapiche watersheds in the Peruvian Amazon.
Campsites
Sampling method
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada Pobreza
Total
16
31
37
84
298
298
12
12
12
36
Table7. The number of mammal species recorded at three campsites of a rapid inventory of the Blanco and Tapiche watersheds in the Peruvian Amazon.
Campsites
Order
Wiswincho
Didelphimorphia
Cingulata
Anguila
Pilosa
Quebrada Pobreza
Total
12
Primates
11
13
11
13
Rodentia
Carnivora
Perissodactyla
Cetartiodactyla
24
31
29
42
Chiroptera
Total
Threatened in Peru.
sized and large taxa. Virtually all higher taxa were well
at Anguila.
Bats
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323
Wiswincho campsite
Anguila campsite
Camera traps
Table9.
The most common mammal species in the
very well-traveled.
Another important observation here was a group of
advance work.
Table8. Frequency of direct observations and tracks of the most common mammal species at three campsites visited during the
rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco region of the Peruvian Amazon.
Common name
Saguinus mystax
Moustached tamarin
0.063
0.258
0.081
Saguinus fuscicollis
Saddleback tamarin
0.063
0.290
0.027
Sapajus macrocephalus
Large-headed capuchin
0.188
0.161
0.027
Lagothrix poeppigii
Woolly monkey
0.063
0.097
0.108
Ateles chamek
0.032
Pithecia monachus
0.063
0.226
0.027
Saimiri macrodon
0.188
0.065
0.027
Callithrix pygmaea
Callicebus cupreus
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada Pobreza
0.032
0.027
0.188
0.065
0.027
Red uakari
0.438
0.032
0.027
Cebus unicolor
0.063
0.032
Aotus nancymae
0.063
0.032
0.027
Alouatta seniculus
0.125
0.032
0.027
Anguila
Quebrada Pobreza
0.194
0.108
Priodontes maximus
Giant armadillo
Dasypus novemcinctus
Nine-banded armadillo
0.313
0.129
0.568
Mazama nemorivaga
0.054
Mazama americana
Red brocket
0.097
Eira barbara
Tayra
Pecari tajacu
Collared peccary
Tapirus terrestris
Dasyprocta fuliginosa
Cuniculus paca
Paca
Cabassous unicinctus
Lontra longicaudis
Neotropical otter
0.108
0.250
0.452
0.054
Lowland tapir
0.226
0.054
Black agouti
0.081
0.250
0.097
0.162
0.097
0.054
0.161
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325
A new primate?
diversity of primates.
Table9. Animal species recorded by camera traps at the Quebrada Pobreza campsite before and during the rapid inventory of the
Tapiche-Blanco region, Amazonian Peru.
Appearance
frequency
Average
appearances
Paca
28
31.1
Dasypus novemcinctus
Nine-banded armadillo
19
21.1
Atelocynus microtis
Short-eared dog
3.3
Dasyprocta fuliginosa
Black agouti
3.3
Pecari tajacu
Collared peccary
3.3
Eira barbara
Tayra
2.2
Mazama nemorivaga
2.2
Myoprocta pratti
Green agouti
2.2
Nasua nasua
Coati
2.2
Leopardus pardalis
Ocelot
1.1
Geotrygon montana
Ruddy Quail-Dove
3.3
Glaucis hirsutus
Rufous-breasted Hermit
2.2
Heliornis fulica
Sungrebe
1.1
Tinamus guttatus
White-throated Tinamou
1.1
Species
Common name
Mammals
Cuniculus paca
Birds
326
No. of
appearances
Group
urgently needed.
Callimico goeldii
Tapiche-Blanco interfluve.
Studies carried out in Sierra del Divisor recorded the
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327
THREATS
The primary threat to mammals in area we studied is
specialists.
Research
characteristic of Loreto.
328
INTRODUCTION
This social and biological inventory of the region
between the Blanco and Tapiche rivers of Loreto, Peru,
builds on previous work in the region, such as the
Matss (Vriesendorp etal. 2006a) and Sierra del Divisor
inventories (Vriesendorp etal. 2006b), which provided
the technical foundation for establishing two protected
areas: the Matss National Reserve and Sierra del
Divisor Reserved Zone (Figs. 2A, 2B, and 15). Together,
these inventories provide support for establishing a
corridor of conservation and sustainable natural
resource use in southeastern Loreto.
Approximately 2,400 people live in the study area
along the Tapiche and Blanco rivers, distributed among
small villages (caseros), campesino communities, and
indigenous communities (Capanahua and Kichwa ethnic
groups; Fig.21). The area also harbors the largest and
most diverse stretch of varillales (white-sand forests; see
the chapter Vegetation and flora, this volume) in the
Peruvian Amazon. Oxbow lakes, lagoons, and streams
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329
330
Figure 21. A map of communities and other settlements in and around the study area of the Tapiche-Blanco rapid inventory in Loreto, Amazonian Peru.
COLOMBIA
Nuevo
Progreso
Key
iv
Titled native
community
BRAZIL
PER
Pucallpa
Lima
ch
Ta
District capital
10
Nueva
Esperanza
pi
Visited community
er
Iquitos
Private property
R
ali
Ucay
Community with
title in process
ECUADOR
km
Matss
National
Reserve
San Pedro
del Tapiche
Matss
Puerto
ngel
Frontera
Espaa
Palmera
del Tapiche
Curinga
Santa Elena
Morales
Bermdez
Bl
an
co
Canchalagua
Ri
ve
Tapiche-Blanco
Yarina
Frontera
Topal
Wicungo
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Nuevo
Pacasmayo
Monte Alegre
Nuevo
Capanahua
Nuestra
Seora De
Ftima
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331
(Table10).
Demographic trends
332
Curinga (250).
of Aipena.
Most people in the region are young adults (ages 19
for thatch). Over the last two years, palm leaf thatch has
mostly due to the fact that the river floods the town
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333
Table10. Demographic data for indigenous communities, campesino communities, and other settlements in the vicinity of the
rapid inventory study area in the Tapiche and Blanco watersheds of Loreto, Amazonian Peru. Sources: Municipal districts of Tapiche,
Sopln, and Alto Tapiche; community authorities; and CEDIA.
Name
Type of community
Nuevo Progreso
Indigenous Community
Titled
Seeking title
x
Nueva Esperanza
Campesino Community
Frontera
Indigenous Community
Pano
Espaa
Indigenous Community
Pano
Curinga
Casero*
Indigenous Community
Jbaro
Nuevo Capanahua
Indigenous Community
Pano
Campesino Community
Indigenous Community
Puerto ngel
Campesino Community
Canchalagua
Campesino Community
Morales Bermudez
Campesino Community
Santa Elena
Casero*
Wicungo
Indigenous Community
Indigenous Community
Nuevo Pacasmayo
Campesino Community
Indigenous Community
Monte Alegre
Indigenous Community
x
x
Linguistic family
Pano
Pano
Pano
Pano
x
x
Pano
x
Pano
* = District capital
** = The first Quality of Life Plans in these communities were created in partnership with The Field Museum, the Instituto del Bien Comn and the Peruvian
park service (Matss National Reserve) in 2012. Since 2014 CEDIA has led the process to create Life Plans in the other communities (including Frontera).
to attend high school, but the cost this entails puts it out
334
School infrastructure
Ethnic group as
recognized by the state
Watershed
District
Capanahua
Tapiche
Sopln
64
Tapiche
Sopln
140
Capanahua
Blanco
Sopln
55
x**
Capanahua
Blanco
Sopln
72
Population
Elementary
school
Middle
school
High
school
Life plans
x
Blanco
Sopln
250
Wampis
Blanco
Sopln
174
x**
x
Capanahua
Blanco
Sopln
Tapiche
Tapiche
Tapiche
Tapiche
78
250
Tapiche
115
Tapiche
130
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
199
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
145
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
460
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
120
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
10
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
40
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
120
Capanahua
Tapiche
Alto Tapiche
TOTAL
51
x
x
x
x
x
x
2,473
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335
andMines.
In 2014 the municipal districts have played a more
incoming authorities.
We sensed discontent among residents and a feeling
336
among parents.
The Pensin 65 program, which provides financial
their pensions.
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337
Table11. Results of the quality of life exercise in the communities visited during a rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco region, Amazonian Peru.
Natural
resources
Social
relationships
Community
Watershed
Blanco
Frontera
Blanco
Wicungo
Tapiche
Tapiche
Average
Politics
Economy
Culture
Average
3.8
3.2
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.3
3.3
3.6
3.3
3.6
Gender complementarity
338
The goal of the life plan, a tool that CEDIA has used
with communities of the Blanco and Tapiche watersheds,
Emerging leaders
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
339
these communities.
pers. comm.).
340
deactividad menor) regarding the small-scale, noncommercial harvests of natural resources. There is a
park guard station on the eastern bank of the Blanco
River, across from Curinga, staffed mostly by Matss
park guards. This has caused some friction with nearby
communities, which are mostly mestizo and still feel
some lingering resentment about the establishment of the
National Reserve, which put some limits on the lands
they can use. To resolve these problems and improve
community relations, the reserve has begun hiring more
mestizo staff and local residents, and plans to establish
an office of the Matss National Reserve in Curinga
(C.Carpio, pers. comm.). Despite these positive steps,
there are still challenges to managing these areas (e.g.,
limited personnel, limited budget, and the fact that the
Sierra del Divisor Reserved Zone does not yet have a
definitive categorization) which make it hard to involve
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter we describe the natural resource use and
family economies of the ribereo communities of the
Tapiche and Blanco watersheds. Natural resources in
this region are used based on traditional knowledge and
practices that allow residents to adapt to the various
ecosystems in which they live and to the drastic seasonal
fluctuations over the course of the year. The family
economy is diversified and dynamic due to its connection
to the market. Economic activities are dominated by
logging; the sale of ornamental fish; subsistence fishing,
hunting, and agriculture; and the sale of plantains (Musa
paradisiaca), manioc (Manihot esculenta), and manioc
products such as faria (manioc flour, commonly used
by loggers) and tapioca in the towns of Curinga, Santa
Elena, and Requena.
In our visits to the communities, we perceived a deep
concern about the future of their forests due to excessive
logging. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and cedar
(Cedrela spp.) are already very difficult to find. Several
other species are at risk, such as giant arapaima
(Arapaima gigas), silver arowana (Osteoglossum
bicirrhosum), and yellow-spotted river turtle
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
341
turtle species.
residents know about the forest and how they use and
the market.
METHODS
To investigate traditional knowledge about the use of
natural resources, we held focus groups of women, men,
and youth. In these focus groups we mapped natural
resource use in order to understand how residents
perceive and relate to the surrounding landscape. The
maps helped us document a variety of land uses,
including areas for resource harvests, paths and roads,
water bodies (oxbow lakes and streams), and prohibited
or dangerous areas. Following the mapping exercises we
visited farm plots, lakes, and streams on communal land
to document the diversity of crops, other useful plants,
and fish. We held semi-structured and structured
interviews with key informants that focused on natural
resource use and management, knowledge about
primary and secondary forests, medicinal plant use and
knowledge, myths, and perceptions about climate
change. During these visits we also carried out surveys
to document family economies.
342
Agro-ecological calendar
that provide most income for the families who own them.
of their communities.
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343
Figure 22. An ecological calendar prepared by communities visited in the Tapiche and Blanco watersheds, Loreto, Peru, during the rapid inventory.
The calendar shows the seasons in which several natural resources are harvested in the region.
Janua
ry
Fru
itin
gs
ea
s
Ha
rve
sts
lp
pa
S pa
re
yf
ish
rep
va
of
an
sts
tp
,m
rve
i on
Ha
ra t
io
ar a
tio
ec
rio
us
ie s 5
o rn
n,
fel
am
lin g
in
en t
up
la
Cr
Au
an
Lo
d/
or
riv
se
er
Climate
Agriculture
op
co
pre
nd
le v
p ar
ary
els
,
Gre
atio
fore
spo
st . S
al fis
ate s
n an
, tr a
ns
d pl a
la sh i
ra di
c r ai
s6
n tin g on
n g, b u r
n, dry
J u ly
p o rti n g to riv e r s
h s p ec ie
t l e af c
A p ril
rs e r
a i n f al l
r 10
mp
l ot s
riverbanks3
ay
Rainy inte
rmed
iate
per
iod
Octob
er
Yearrou
nd
ly
ea
r ai
m ig
plo
h
Marc
s, t
ij a no
Far m
ber
nd
ed
Sc
y
L o g gin g s urve
L arge m
S epte m
oo
at
sp
us
r8
9
ive
ties
nr
tivi
fes
d
Fe
br
loo
d
Se
as
Short m
ijano
mig
rati
on
, fe
w
u
s
m
s
o
l
b
g
fis
i
c
o
i
e
r
t
r
hosu
Os
h
(
a
m)
n
s
a
w
fry
o
r
a
r
ve
sil
of
ain
s,
f
s
cie
pe
Harv
est
of r
ive
rba
nk
cr
op
s
St
t
ar
He
avy
r
ry
ua
r
be iny
m of ra
level
ver
g ri
n
i
s
ri
n,
aso
se
alaria
els
dm
lev
e an
er
eas
riv
dis
igh
us
tio
,h
ec
as
inf
re
of
on
No
ve
r
embe
c
e
D
s
n i n g , a n d p l a nt i n g
June
Fishing
Timber and non-timber
forest products
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cold fronts (friajes) typically occur the week before San Juan (24 June) and Santa Rosa de Lima (30 August); friajes during the last two years were reported to be unusual.
Planting of plantains (Musa paradisiaca), corn (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), manioc (Manihot esculenta), medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruit trees.
Diversified crops: corn, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), rice, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and many vegetables.
Migration of banded leporinus (Leporinus fasciatus), silver dollar (Metynnis luna), red-tailed brycon (Brycon cephalus), silver mylossoma (Mylossoma duriventre), and tiger oscar
(Astronotus ocellatus)
5. Abundant fish species: wolf fish (Hoplias malabaricus), bottlenose catfish (Ageneiosus marmoratus), driftwood catfishes (Liosomadoras spp.), yaraqu (Semaprochilodus amazonensis), long-whiskered catfish (Zungaro sp.), and lisa (Schizodon fasciatus)
6. Ornamental fish are in greatest demand and fetch the highest prices at the beginning and end of this period.
7. Harvested species include aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa), ungurahui (Oenocarpus bataua), umari (Poraqueiba sericea), zapote (Matisia cordata), Malay rose apple (Eugenia malaccensis),
ubilla de monte (Pourouma minor), and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes)
8. Harvested species include cumala (Virola spp.), Spanish cedar (Cedrela spp.), marup (Simarouba amara), canela moena (Ocotea spp.), capinur (Maquira coriacea), lupuna (Ceiba
pentandra), and tornillo (Cedrelinga cateniformis).
9. Year-round activities: manioc and plantain cultivation, maintenance of farm plots, fishing and hunting for food and market, and harvests of thatch and timber for housebuilding.
10. Hunting becomes more common at the start of the school year (March-April) and during the festivities of town anniversaries.
344
and earn around 3,840 nuevos soles from fish each year.
six months until the timber can be sold, salaries are very
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
345
100%
75%
60.0%
65.2%
71.2%
68.6%
50%
25%
0%
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Frontera
Wicungo
Palmera
del Tapiche
346
two years.
toward the center of the lake. They also use nets called
fish species.
other ornamentalfish
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
347
and Korea.
in this context.
Hunting
hydrochaeris).
Hunting is carried out along the banks and
348
did not know. We feel that the data obtained in this study
neighbors, and kept most of the rest for his own family;
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349
Figure 24. A map of natural resource use in the watersheds of the Tapiche and Blanco rivers, Loreto, Amazonian Peru,
drawn by residents of the communities visited during the rapid inventory in October 2014.
Key
Biological inventory site
Nueva
Esperanza
r
Blanco Rive
Protected area
River turtle nests
Logging camp
Cemetery
Farm plot
Salt lick
Matss
National
Reserve
Timber harvests
Cattle and pasture
Ornamental fishes
Patrol station
Secondary forest
Palmera
del Tapiche
Frontera
Non-timber resources
Taboo site
Fishing site
Palm swamp resources
Floodplain resources
e R
ive
Hunting grounds
km
pi
10
Ta
ch
Upland resources
Wicungo
Lobo Santa
Rocino
Nuevo
Capanahua
Iquitos
Pucallpa
Lima
Peru
350
Poultry farming
the highest.
see Appendix 9.
Logging
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351
described earlier.
2005, http://www.mintra.gob.pe/trabajo_forzoso/tf_
amazonia.html).
People who want to harvest timber are often drawn
high prices for the goods they provide but pay low prices
for the logs they are given. After turning over their
natural resources.
352
Logging methods
explained below.
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353
souls of people who have died and have not found their
deceive people and get them lost in the forest, but often
354
not able to see its face. At the time of the sighting the
each saw the being on his own, but they agree on its
have told them that the animal they saw is a devil who
cares for the animals, and that they should not bother it.
quality of life.
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355
internal conflicts.
RECOMMENDATIONS
regulations
both groups
356
Silva2
INTRODUCTION
species;
10) Winners and losers: who may profit from the current
state of affairs and why.
Then, to illustrate the complexity of forest
lack of space. These include but are not limited to: a lack
2 I am an anthropologist, and I have worked for over 20 years on issues related to forest
management, forest economy, forest certification, local development, and forest
governance in the tropical forests of Latin America. My work as part of WWFs longstanding effort to promote sustainable forest management under FSC standards, and the
dedication of the forest users who WWF supports in the region (communities, small
forest users associations, concessionaires) have motivated me to explore why we have
not succeeded in demonstrating that sustainable management is good for conservation,
a driver of local economic development, and a profitable way of doing business.
3 For many forest dwellers, their surroundings still hold cultural, social, and economic
values aligned with their own visions of wellbeing, which are often quite different from
those of the market economy. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that such ways of
living will prevail against the more conventional market-based development model, which
is promoted even in the Amazonian countries where Mother Earth herself has been
granted constitutional rights, such as Bolivia and Ecuador.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
357
Robison Cattar.
358
by domestic demand.
logging itself.
timber businesses).
countries).
(Oliver 2012).
certification schemes
Since most tropical forests faced the challenges of
9 According to Indufor (2012), Brazil has the second-largest area of fast-growing timber
plantations in the world, after the US and followed by China. Timber plantations totaled
54.3million ha in 2012; their area is expected to grow by 2.28% per year until 2022,
and then by 1.3% per year until 2050.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
359
(Nelleman 2012).
In Peru the decline in certification began to show in
2014, when from April to November the total certified
area dropped by about 30% (according to monthly data
from FSC Peru), from slightly more than 1million ha to
~700,000 ha.
FSC certification;
360
natural forests.
here is why.
According to the Organization of American States,
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361
to be assessed.
(asneeded); and
362
15 At this stage, volume is commonly measured using the Doyle method (see https://
www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/fnr/fnr-191.pdf for an explanation of this log scaling
technique). This method may be confusing for inexperienced forest owners/managers,
since the census and tax calculations are made based on calculations of timber volume
using a different method (Smalians formula).
16 Except for small-scale activities that allow for animal transport, extraction using
streams during high water season, or operations with small machinery, where questions
of sustainability may arise.
ensuring that there will be some buyer for his timber, and
that they are stuck for too long in one area, affecting
producing income.
left in the forest for several months until the next dry
planned harvest.
17 In 2005 and 2010 there were extreme droughts, and in 2009 and 2014 there was
extreme flooding.
18 http://www.rpp.com.pe/2012-10-18-adex-exportaciones-de-madera-sumaron-us$-110millones-noticia_532137.html
19 http://www.adexperu.org.pe/BoletinesD/Prensa/BPrensa.asp?bol=1675&cod=5
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
363
trade legally.
for decision-making;
Corruption; and
364
22 The total (100%) discussed here refers only to the timber volume documented within
the legal system (which includes timber that may not be of legal origin). The volumes
traded without any kind of legal papers (including those being smuggled to neighboring
countries) are unknown.
23 Processes such as those documented by Urrunaga etal. (2012) and direct observation
of the behavior of other export companies in the field suggest that the profitability of the
export business (and any timber business for that matter) may depend on two pillars:
underpaying the forest owner/manager (or overharvesting the forest to increase income
per investment) and sourcing cheaply produced timber on the black market.
and valuechains
value chain in which some links are weak due to the lack
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365
as a consequence of their failure to declare their nonexisting income (as required per tax regulations).
When in recent years local loggers realized they
could legalize illegally logged timber through
inequitable engagements with local communities or
corrupt leaders25, this practice became generalized,
particularly in regions like Ucayali and Loreto. The
result was a growing number of logging permits granted
to communities and a corresponding increase in
sanctions imposed on these communities by OSINFOR
(the supervising authority), since regulations establish
the legal responsibility of the permit holder. This
situation has also affected the owners of private
agricultural land, as mentioned above in Weak policy
implementation, under-budgeted forest administration,
corruption, and their effects on the timber industry26.
366
27 An initiative implemented in Peru and Colombia, with financial support from the
European Union and WWF Germany. Amazona Viva was implemented in Peru by the
local NGO DAR, and by the international organizations SNV, TRAFFIC, and WWF. The
project was aimed at strengthening forest governance, although in its first 2.5 years it
had specific goals related to achieving the FSC certification of 100,000 ha in indigenous
communities forests in Peru.
28 This previous experience, known as FORIN (Strengthening sustainable forest
management in Amazonian territories belonging to indigenous peoples), was also funded
by the European Union and implemented by a partnership including AIDESEP, CESVI,
IBIS Dinamarca, and WWF.
a bank account);
maintenance);
inthe region
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
367
management;
generated) include:
such as FECONAPA;
and learning.
368
sectors31
FORTIMBER PRODUCTION
learning resources for the efficient use and transformation of plantation timber, will also be crucial if Peru is to
compete with the growing plantation timber imports.
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
369
370
Apndices/Appendices
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
371
Apndice/Appendix 1
Sobrevuelo/Overflight
PUNTO / WAYPOINT
LONGITUD / LONGITUDE
L ATITUD / L ATITUDE
73 53' 19.44" W
05 35' 02.43" S
2
3
4
5
6
73
74
74
74
73
05 53'
05 52'
05 57'
06 01'
05 56'
7
8
73 55' 06.99" W
73 54' 17.52" W
06 04' 28.74" S
06 14' 54.63" S
73
73
73
73
06
06
06
05
9
10
11
12
56'
01'
01'
05'
56'
50'
42'
41'
49'
45.22"
15.91"
56.11"
32.03"
02.56"
21.87"
42.51"
43.69"
05.71"
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
05'
05'
00'
56'
42.50"
37.84"
04.21"
27.62"
57.49"
20.18"
58.92"
22.84"
40.61"
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
372
On 14 May 2014 the rapid inventory team and partners spent 2.75 hours
flying over the Tapiche-Blanco study area in a Twin Otter No. 304 of the
Peruvian Air Force (Grupo Areo 42). The following people were on board:
Corine Vriesendorp, Ernesto Ruelas, and lvaro del Campo (The Field
Museum), Giussepe Gagliardi (IIAP), Carola Carpio (Director of the Reserva
Nacional Matss, SERNANP), Luis Trevejo (CEDIA), Luis Torres Montenegro
and Marcos Ros (Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL), Juan Carlos Vilca (Loreto
Regional Government Land Titling Program), and Jorge Solignac (Loreto
Regional Government Forestry Program). Our route included 12 waypoints
that were previously identified by examining maps and satellite imagery. The
goals of the overflight were to: 1) better understand the regions vegetation,
2) explore potential campsites for the rapid inventory, and 3) document
human activity inside the study area. See table and technical report for
moredetails.
Apndice/Appendix 1
Sobrevuelo/Overflight
Ruta de sobrevuelo/
Overflight route
ch
pi
Punto/Waypoint
o
R
rea de estudio/
Study area
Ta
Campamento
maderero/
Logging camp
10 km
3
COLOMBIA
Lima
BRASIL
Pucallpa
co
PER
12
an
Iquitos
Bl
ECUADOR
11
5
7
10
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
373
Apndice/Appendix 2
Muestras de agua/
Water samples
Muestras de agua recolectadas por Trey Crouch y Robert Stallard en tres sitios durante el inventario rpido de las
cuencas de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, Loreto, Per, del 9 al 27 de octubre de 2014. Se emple el sistema WGS
84para registrar las coordenadas geogrficas.
Sitio/
Site
Descripcin/
Description
Muestra/
Sample
Fecha/
Date
Hora/
Time
Latitud/
Latitude ()
C1 Yanayacu
Ro Yanayacu-Blanco/
Yanayacu-Blanco River
Quebrada/Stream floodplain
Laguna estancada/Stagnant lake
Ro Blanco/Blanco River
Cocha/Oxbow lake
Quebrada/Stream
Flark de turbera/Peat flark
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Ro Yanayacu-Tapiche/
Yanayacu-Tapiche River
Pequeo naciente en
quebrada/Seep in headcut
Pequeo naciente en collpa/
Mineral lick seep
Pequeo naciente en quebrada/
Seep in headcut
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada/Stream
Quebrada Pobreza/
Pobreza Stream
Pequeo naciente en collpa/
Mineral lick seep
Agua de calicata/Water from
soil pit
Ro Tapiche/Tapiche River
Ro Ucayali/Ucayali River
Ro Maran/Maran River
Ro Amazonas/Amazon River
AM140001
10/9/2014
16:45
-5.804
-73.868
114
AM140002
AM140003
AM140004
AM140005
AM140006
AM140007
AM140008
AM140009
AM140010
AM140011
AM140012
10/10/2014
10/10/2014
10/11/2014
10/11/2014
10/12/2014
10/13/2014
10/13/2014
10/14/2014
10/15/2014
10/16/2014
10/17/2014
12:40
15:00
9:45
12:00
12:43
11:52
14:15
17:40
10:33
9:20
9:10
-5.832
-5.835
-5.798
-5.808
-5.813
-5.808
-5.804
-6.264
-6.283
-6.257
-6.253
-73.872
-73.881
-73.852
-73.848
-73.859
-73.898
-73.877
-73.909
-73.917
-73.902
-73.895
112
100
97
105
134
101
116
107
127
132
121
AM140013
10/17/2014
10:40
-6.243
-73.890
129
AM140014
10/17/2014
12:15
-6.238
-73.888
131
AM140015
10/18/2014
9:35
-6.278
-73.917
130
AM140016
AM140017
AM140018
AM140019
AM140020
AM140021
AM140022
AM140023
10/19/2014
10/21/2014
10/21/2014
10/22/2014
10/22/2014
10/23/2014
10/23/2014
10/23/2014
11:30
8:15
9:40
10:20
12:30
7:30
10:20
18:00
-6.251
-5.970
-5.963
-5.978
-5.990
-5.973
-5.961
-5.978
-73.894
-73.777
-73.782
-73.802
-73.814
-73.767
-73.751
-73.773
88
131
117
130
140
120
131
108
AM140024
10/24/2014
7:30
-5.977
-73.778
117
10/25/2014
19:30
-5.977
-73.773
126
AM140025
AM140026
AM140027
AM140028
10/26/2014
10/27/2014
10/27/2014
11/5/2014
12:00
10:50
13:10
13:20
-5.593
-4.900
-4.497
-3.706
-73.908
-73.781
-73.555
-73.235
92
89
86
86
C1T13000
C1 Cocha
C1 Blanco
C1T2 Cocha
C1T20850
C1T33550
C1T31000
C2 Camp
C2T32700
C2T10930
C2T21050 YR
C2T22600
C2 Collpa
C2T31750
C2T27050
C3T40950
C3T41925
C3T13850
C3T15700
C3T20825
C3T23925
C3 Pobreza
C3 Collpa
C3 Soil pit
Tapiche>Blanco
Ucayali
Maran
Amazon
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Sitio/Site
C1 = Campamento Wiswincho/
Wiswincho Campsite
C2 = Campamento Anguila/
Anguila Campsite
374
C3 = Campamento Quebrada
Pobreza/Quebrada Pobreza
Campsite
T
= Trocha/Trail
Longitud/
Elevacin/
Longitude () Elevation (m)
Corriente/Flow
M
= Moderada/Moderate
= Estancada/Stagnant
Sl
= Dbil/Weak
St
= Fuerte/Strong
Tr
= Muy dbil/Trickle
Apndice/Appendix 2
Water samples collected by Trey Crouch and Robert Stallard at three sites during the rapid inventory of the Tapiche
and Blanco watersheds, Loreto, Peru, on 927 October 2014. Geographic coordinates use WGS 84.
Corriente/ Apariencia
Flow
del agua/
Appearance
of the water
Lecho/
Bed
Ancho/
Width
(m)
Br
Sl
N
St
N
Tr
N
Tr
M
Sl
Sl
M
Br
Lb
Tu
Ts
Br
Cl
Br
Br
Lb
Br
Ts
Mu
Sl
Cl
Cl
Sl
Cl
R Cl
0.5
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Cl
Br
Br
Cl
Cl
Br
Br
Ts
SaGa
Br MuSa
Br MuSa
Sa
Sa
Sa
Sa
Sa
1
0.5
1
3
2
2
1.5
34
Tu
W Mu
Br
St
St
St
St
Tu
Tu
Tu
Tu
Altura de
las riberas/
Bank
height (m)
10
Temperatura/
Temperature
(C)
Conductividad
en el campo/
Conductivity
in the field
(S/cm)
Muestras de agua/
Water samples
Campo/ Conductividad
Field pH en el laboratorio/
Conductivity
in the lab
(S/cm)
Laboratorio/
Laboratory pH
Sedimento/
Sediment
(mg/L)
26.2
35.2
4.1
35.2
3.98
1.68
41.8
29.5
13.9
13.7
41.0
7.8
26.6
6.9
15.9
25.3
7.4
4.0
5.6
4.8
4.6
4.1
5.5
4.2
4.8
5.1
4.3
4.9
41.8
39.5
13.9
13.7
41.0
7.8
26.6
6.9
15.9
25.3
7.4
3.93
3.92
5.39
5.34
3.86
4.88
4.03
5.24
4.45
4.14
5.16
9.24
1.12
30.5
12.8
4.21
9.54
7.39
4.8
3.09
3.04
1.97
100
70
0.51
Br Mu
Pe
Br Mu
Ga
SaGa
SaGa
Ga
1.5
2.5
2.5
20
1
0.3
0.5
2
26.2
26.0
25.0
27.4
26.1
WCl
0.5
5.6
4.9
5.6
5.26
11.4
306
7.0
306
7.54
14.1
0.5
9.8
5.2
9.8
6.30
7.88
12
0.10.3
0.10.3
0.25
0.15
0.1
0.4
2
24.7
25.0
23.9
24.5
24.3
24.7
25.0
4.5
48.8
54.3
4.9
4.8
54.3
27.1
8.9
5.4
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.4
4.0
4.2
5.5
4.5
48.8
54.3
4.9
4.8
54.3
27.1
8.9
5.55
3.80
3.80
4.84
4.88
3.85
4.11
4.81
5.82
0.28
1.69
2.76
3.71
0.28
1.42
5.8
25.0
22.7
4.9
22.7
4.80
6760
25.0
40.1
4.3
40.1
3.95
29.3
30.5
228
127
189
6.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
30.5
228
127
189
6.42
7.35
7.04
7.44
44.1
155
66.3
232
Sa
SaGa
SaGa
SaGa
7080
>2000
>2000
>2000
35
1015
1015
1015
Lecho/Bed
Pe
= Peats/Turbas
Br
= Marrn/Brown
Sa
= Arena/Sand
Br
= Marrn/Brown
Cl
= Arcilla/Clay
= Roja/Red
Cl
= Clara/Clear
Ga = Grava/Gravel
= Blanco/White
Mu = Fango/Mud
= Turbia/Turbid
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
375
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Plantas vasculares registradas en tres campamentos durante un inventario rpido de las cuencas de los ros
Tapiche y Blanco, Loreto, Per, del 9 al 26 de octubre de 2014. Recopilado por Marcos Ros, Tony Mori y Luis
Torres Montenegro. Las colecciones, fotos y observaciones fueron hechas por los miembros del equipo botnico:
Tony Mori, Nigel Pitman, Marcos Ros Paredes, Luis Torres Montenegro y Corine Vriesendorp. Para estandarizar la
nomenclatura de los nombres taxonmicos, utilizamos la base de datos TROPICOS del Jardn Botnico de Missouri
(http://www.tropicos.org), la ltima clasificacin de angiospermas (APG III 2009) y la aplicacin en lnea
TNRSapp (Taxonomic Name Resolution Service; http://tnrs.iplantcollaborative.org/TNRSapp.html).
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
SPERMATOPHYTA (937)
Acanthaceae (1)
Fittonia (1 sp. no identificada)
Alismataceae (1)
Echinodorus horizontalis
Anacardiaceae (6)
Anacardium giganteum
Tapirira (1 sp. no identificada)
Tapirira guianensis
Tapirira retusa
Thyrsodium cf. herrerense
Thyrsodium spruceanum
Anisophylleaceae (1)
Anisophyllea guianensis
Annonaceae (35)
(1 sp. no identificada)
Anaxagorea (1 sp. no identificada)
Anaxagorea floribunda
Annona (2 spp. no identificadas)
Bocageopsis canescens
Cremastosperma (1 sp. no identificada)
Cremastosperma gracilipes
Duguetia (3 spp. no identificadas)
Fusaea peruviana
Guatteria (3 spp. no identificadas)
Guatteria decurrens
Guatteria elata
Guatteria flabellata
Guatteria guianensis
Guatteria ucayalina
Oxandra euneura
Oxandra riedeliana
Oxandra xylopioides
Pseudoxandra (1 sp. no identificada)
Pseudoxandra lucida
Tetrameranthus pachycarpus
Unonopsis (2 spp. no identificadas)
Unonopsis floribunda
Unonopsis stipitata
Xylopia benthamii
Xylopia cuspidata
Xylopia cf. micans
376
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
MR4552
x
x
x
x
NP10031
MR4397
NP10213
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10178
MR4333, 4337
MR4642
MR4662, NP10251
MR4257, 4673
MR4491
MR4422
MR4247, NP10140,10163
MR4443, 4472, TM2242
MR4692, NP10139, 10172, 10249
MR4632, 4715
MR4627
MR4304, 4365
MR4416
MR4633
MR4661
NP10009, 10111
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Apndice/Appendix 3
Vascular plants recorded at three campsites during a rapid inventory of the Tapiche and Blanco watersheds, Loreto,
Peru, on 926 October 2014. Compiled by Marcos Ros Paredes, Tony Mori, and Luis Torres Montenegro. The
collections, photos, and observations are from the members of the botanical team: Tony Mori, Nigel Pitman, Marcos
Ros Paredes, Luis Torres Montenegro, and Corine Vriesendorp. Taxonomic nomenclature was standardized via the
TROPICOS database of the Missouri Botanical Garden (http://www.tropicos.org), the Angiosperm Plant Group
(APG III 2009), and the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (http://tnrs.iplantcollaborative.org/TNRSapp.html).
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
x
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
TM28-36c1
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LT338-345c2, MR1076-1084c2
LT33-37c1, NP17c1, solo para MR4247
CV2228-2229c2, CV2299-2305c2, MR12881300c2, TM963-991, TM1013-1045c2
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
TM2650-2674c2
x
LT158-160c1
x
VU (IUCN)
x
x
= Vulnerable
x
x
Endmica de Loreto, EN
(Len et al. 2006)
TM3464-3471c3
x
TM3580-3588c3
TM812-841c2
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
377
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
378
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
Xylopia parviflora
Xylopia cf. sericea
Apocynaceae (19)
Aspidosperma (3 spp. no identificadas)
x
x
Aspidosperma excelsum
Aspidosperma pichonianum
Aspidosperma cf. rigidum
Aspidosperma schultesii
Couma macrocarpa
Himatanthus (1 sp. no identificada)
Lacmellea (1 sp. no identificada)
Laxoplumeria (1 sp. no identificada)
Macoubea guianensis
Matelea (1 sp. no identificada)
Malouetia tamaquarina
Mucoa duckei
Parahancornia peruviana
Rauvolfia sprucei
Rhigospira quadrangularis
Tabernaemontana siphilitica
Aquifoliaceae (3)
Ilex (2 spp. no identificadas)
Ilex cf. nayana
Araceae (16)
Anthurium (4 spp. no identificadas)
Anthurium atropurpureum
Anthurium clavigerum
Anthurium eminens
Anthurium pseudoclavigerum
Monstera (1 sp. no identificada)
Philodendron ernestii
Philodendron goeldii
Philodendron hylaeae
Philodendron linnaei
Philodendron megalophyllum
Philodendron ornatum
Urospatha sagittifolia
Araliaceae (6)
Dendropanax (2 spp. no identificadas)
Dendropanax cf. arboreus
Dendropanax umbellatus
Schefflera megacarpa
Schefflera morototoni
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LT3730
MR4548, 4553
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4335
MR4714, NP10093
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10191, 10386
MR4629
MR4617
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
CV1781-1790c1
x
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CV2232-2233c2
CR
MR959-962c1
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
x
x
x
TM2744-2785c2
x
LT205-231c1
VU (MINAG)
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
= Vulnerable
CV2310-2312c2
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
379
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Arecaceae (37)
Aiphanes ulei
Astrocaryum chambira
Astrocaryum jauari
Astrocaryum macrocalyx
Attalea insignis
Attalea maripa
Attalea racemosa
Bactris (1 sp. no identificada)
Bactris acanthocarpa
Bactris acanthocarpoides
Bactris hirta
Bactris maraja
Bactris riparia
Chamaedorea pinnatifrons
Desmoncus mitis
Euterpe catinga
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Mauritia flexuosa
Mauritiella armata
Oenocarpus balickii
x
x
Oenocarpus bataua
Oenocarpus mapora
Pholidostachys synanthera
Socratea exorrhiza
Socratea salazarii
Syagrus smithii
Quebrada
Pobreza
Euterpe precatoria
Geonoma (2 spp. no identificadas)
Geonoma leptospadix
Geonoma macrostachys
Geonoma maxima ssp. chelidoneura
Hyospathe elegans
Iriartea deltoidea
Iriartella setigera
Lepidocaryum tenue
Mauritia carana
Wettinia augusta
Asteraceae (1)
Mikania (1 sp. no identificada)
Balanophoraceae (1)
Helosis cayennensis
380
x
x
x
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4620
MR4543
MR4599
MR4459
MR4616
MR4269
MR4554
MR4583
x
x
x
x
x
MR4584
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4328, 4499
MR4465
MR4327, 4580
LT3710, MR4244
MR4458, 4559
LT3706
x
x
MR4528
MR4318
MR4457, 4507
MR4482
TM2231
MR4355
MR4312
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
x
x
x
x
x
TM3054-3083c3
CV2313-2314c2
CV2398c2, TM1430-1453c2
LR/lc (IUCN)
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
LT437-442c2
MR1034-1040c1, TM52-57c1
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
x
x
x
TM3032-3052c3
CV2568-2569c3, LT657c3, TM3589-3611c3,
TM3977-3984c3, TM4010-4019c3
VU (MINAG)
x
MR1269-1280c2, TM842-866c2}
TM227-240c1
LT0001-0005avC1, LT19-25c1
LT355-371c2
x
x
x
x
x
x
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LC (IUCN)
LT0006-0019avC1
TM1819-1831c2
CV2544-2546c3, LT565-570c2, TM19842045c2, TM2090-2129c2, TM2159-2180c2,
TM2203-2234c2, TM3950-3954c3
CV2409c2
CV1824-1828c1, 1924c1, 2125-2126c1
LT425-436c2, TM1046-1082c2, TM11001127c2, TM2401-2434c2
VU
= Vulnerable
x
x
x
LR/lc (IUCN)
TM481-501c1
MR943-944c1
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
381
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Bignoniaceae (5)
Adenocalymma cladotrichum
Jacaranda macrocarpa
Tabebuia insignis var. monophylla
Tabebuia cf. obscura
Tanaecium pyramidatum
Boraginaceae (1)
Cordia nodosa
Bromeliaceae (8)
Aechmea (1 sp. no identificada)
Aechmea longifolia
Aechmea mertensii
Aechmea cf. nidularioides
Neoregelia (1 sp. no identificada)
Pepinia (1 sp. no identificada)
Pitcairnia sprucei
Tillandsia (1 sp. no identificada)
Burmanniaceae (1)
Gymnosiphon (1 sp. no identificada)
Burseraceae (32)
(1 sp. no identificada)
Crepidospermum prancei
Crepidospermum rhoifolium
Dacryodes cf. chimantensis
Dacryodes hopkinsii
Protium (7 spp. no identificadas)
Protium
Protium
Protium
Protium
Protium
Protium
Protium
382
klugii
cf. meridionale
paniculatum
sagotianum
spruceanum
subserratum
x
x
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4390
x
x
x
MR4262
MR4401
MR4402, 4572
MR4696
MR4547
MR4527
MR4321, 4385
LT3739
MR4253
x
x
x
x
cf. amazonicum
cf. calendulinum
crassipetalum
cf. decandrum
divaricatum
ferrugineum
gallosum
Protium grandifolium
Protium hebetatum
Protium heptaphyllum
Protium
Protium
Protium
Protium
Protium
Protium
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10152
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10153, 10335
LT3724, MR4521, 4668, 4674, NP10383,
10458, 10478, 10491
NP10300
NP10154
NP10459
NP10426, TM2233
NP10133, 10182, 10268, 10323, 10415,
10462
NP10308
NP10328
LT3717, 3719, MR4260, 4298, 4303,
4426, 4631, 4640, 4656, TM2232
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10073
MR4562
NP10250
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
x
x
x
x
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
LT200-201c1
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
LT0020-0022avC1
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
NP8-10c1
CR
TM1507-1563
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
x
TM64-73c1
LT283-285c1
LT286-290c1, TM3228-3244c3
LT658-667c3
CV2425-2428c2, LT597-599c2
x
x
x
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU
= Vulnerable
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
383
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Protium trifoliolatum
Protium unifoliolatum
Tetragastris panamensis
Trattinnickia aspera
Cactaceae (2)
Pseudorhipsalis amazonica
Strophocactus wittii
Calophyllaceae (6)
Calophyllum brasiliense
Calophyllum longifolium
Calophyllum sp. divisor
Caraipa (1 sp. no identificada)
Caraipa tereticaulis
Haploclathra paniculata
Capparaceae (1)
Preslianthus pittieri
Cardiopteridaceae (2)
Dendrobangia boliviana
Dendrobangia multinervia
Caryocaraceae (3)
Anthodiscus (1 sp. no identificada)
Caryocar cf. amygdaliforme
Caryocar glabrum
Celastraceae (3)
Cheiloclinium (1 sp. no identificada)
Cheiloclinium cognatum
Maytenus (1 sp. no identificada)
Chrysobalanaceae (26)
Couepia (3 spp. no identificadas)
Couepia bracteosa
Couepia williamsii
Hirtella bicornis
Hirtella duckei
Hirtella elongata
Hirtella eriandra
Hirtella racemosa
Licania (4 spp. no identificadas)
Licania apetala
Licania arachnoidea
Licania cf. caudata
Licania heteromorpha
Licania intrapetiolaris
Licania licaniiflora
Licania longistyla
384
Anguila
x
x
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
MR4652
MR4540
MR4400
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10023
MR4428
MR4539
MR4520
MR4593
NP10259
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4340
MR4445
NP10297
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10198, 10230
MR4454
MR4314, 4437, 4473
NP10053
MR4484, 4604
MR4412
MR4293, NP10039, 10166, 10170
NP10444
NP10155
MR4669, 4690
NP10052
NP10008, 10070
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
x
x
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
TM2619-2633c2
NP21-22c1
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM2277-2304c2
VU (MINAG)
x
CV2044-2048c1
EN (IUCN)
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
CV1769-1771c1
CV2222-2223c2
VU
= Vulnerable
x
x
CV2179-2185c2, CV2205-2207c2, LT125-130c1,
MR945-953c1, MR1281-1287c2, TM932-962c2
TM767-784c2
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
385
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Licania macrocarpa
Licania micrantha
Licania octandra ssp. grandifolia
Licania octandra ssp. pallida
Parinari (1 sp. no identificada)
Clusiaceae (14)
Chrysochlamys ulei
Clusia flavida
Clusia insignis
Garcinia macrophylla
Moronobea coccinea
Symphonia globulifera
Tovomita (4 spp. no identificadas)
Tovomita calophyllophylla
Tovomita laurina
Tovomita cf. spruceana
Tovomita stergiosii
Combretaceae (7)
Buchenavia (3 spp. no identificadas)
Buchenavia macrophylla
Buchenavia parvifolia
Buchenavia reticulata
Buchenavia cf. sericocarpa
Connaraceae (1)
Connarus fasciculatus ssp. pachyneurus
Convolvulaceae (1)
Dicranostyles sericea
Costaceae (1)
Costus arabicus
Cyclanthaceae (2)
Cyclanthus bipartitus
Evodianthus funifer
Cyperaceae (7)
Calyptrocarya luzuliformis
Cyperus luzulae
Diplasia karatifolia
Eleocharis elegans
Rhynchospora (1 sp. no identificada)
Scleria (1 sp. no identificada)
Scleria secans
Dichapetalaceae (1)
Tapura amazonica
386
Anguila
x
x
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
NP10364, 10461
NP10174, 10202, 10227
NP10104
MR4497, 4514
MR4276
MR4360
NP10455
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4425, 4614
MR4704
x
x
MR4684, NP10025
MR4309
MR4406
x
x
MR4356
x
x
x
MR4551
MR4322
MR4287
x
x
x
x
MR4439, 4653
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
x
x
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM1304-1328c2
x
x
LT0023-0027avC1
LT0028-0034avC1
x
x
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
LT372-380c2, TM3490-3497c3,
TM3684-3696c3
VU
= Vulnerable
x
x
TM502-516c1
x
x
x
LT313-317c2, TM2437-2465c2
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
387
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Dilleniaceae (5)
Davilla (1 sp. no identificada)
Davilla kunthii
Doliocarpus (2 spp. no identificadas)
Doliocarpus dentatus
Dioscoraceae (1)
Dioscorea (1 sp. no identificada)
Ebenaceae (3)
Diospyros (1 sp. no identificada)
Diospyros artanthifolia
Diospyros tessmannii
Elaeocarpaceae (10)
Sloanea (8 spp. no identificadas)
Sloanea floribunda
Sloanea guianensis
Eriocaulaceae (1)
Syngonanthus (1 sp. no identificada)
Erythroxylaceae (2)
Erythroxylum (1 sp. no identificada)
Erythroxylum gracilipes
Euphorbiaceae (28)
Alchornea discolor
Alchornea triplinervia
Alchorneopsis floribunda
Amanoa (1 sp. no identificada)
Aparisthmium cordatum
Conceveiba (1 sp. no identificada)
Conceveiba rhytidocarpa
Conceveiba terminalis
Croton palanostigma
Dodecastigma amazonicum
Glycydendron amazonicum
Hevea (1 sp. no identificada)
Hevea nitida
Hevea guianensis
Mabea (2 spp. no identificadas)
Mabea speciosa
Mabea standleyi
Maprounea guianensis
Micrandra siphonioides
Micrandra spruceana
388
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
MR4405
x
x
MR4516
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4567
MR4353
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10001, 10055
MR4442
NP10076
LT3725
x
x
x
x
x
NP10058, 10088
x
x
NP10510
MR4534
MR4610
LT3720
MR4592, 4594
x
x
x
x
x
NP10375
NP10027, 10068
NP10065
MR4644, TM 2221
MR4372, NP10060, 10112
MR4587
MR4466
NP10019
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
LT173-175c1
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CV1819-1823c1, CV2499-2507c3,
MR1302-1304c2, TM3741-3769c3
TM3384-3400c3
TM369-388c1
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
x
x
VU
= Vulnerable
x
x
CV2214-2215c2
TM3770-3787c3
NT (MINAG)
x
MR3510-3531c3
TM1648-1670c2
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
389
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Nealchornea yapurensis
Pausandra hirsuta
Pausandra martinii
Pera (1 sp. no identificada)
Rhodothyrsus macrophyllus
Sagotia (1 sp. no identificada)
Sagotia racemosa
Fabaceae (1)
(1 sp. no identificada)
Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae (27)
Bauhinia guianensis
Campsiandra angustifolia
Crudia glaberrima
Cynometra bauhiniifolia
Dialium guianense
Hymenaea oblongifolia
Macrolobium (2 spp. no identificadas)
Macrolobium angustifolium
Macrolobium arenarium
Macrolobium bifolium
Macrolobium gracile
Macrolobium limbatum
Macrolobium microcalyx
Macrolobium multijugum
Tachigali (2 spp. no identificadas)
Tachigali bracteosa
Tachigali chrysophylla
Tachigali formicarum
Tachigali loretensis
Tachigali macbridei
Tachigali paniculata
Tachigali pilosula ined.
Tachigali schultesiana
Tachigali setifera
Tachigali vasquezii
Fabaceae-Mimosoideae (39)
Abarema (3 spp. no identificadas)
Abarema cf. adenophora
Abarema auriculata
Abarema laeta
Albizia (1 sp. no identificada)
Calliandra guildingii
Cedrelinga cateniformis
390
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
MR4242, 4612
x
x
x
MR4334
MR4418, TM2235
NP10212
MR4476, 4535
MR4566
NP10387, 10394, 10493
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LT3709, NP10037
NP10046
LT3731, 10014
NP10498
LT3737, NP10085
MR4349, 4352, 4363
NP10015
NP10293
NP10145
NP10270
MR4245, 4710, NP10284
LT3708, MR4282
NP10041
MR4641, NP10342
NP10296
NP10117
NP10327, 10450, 10475, 10494
MR4664
NP10177
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10287
MR4389
x
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
LT299-304c2, MR167-175c2
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM3-6c1, TM3452-3463c3
x
LT0042-0043avC1, NP39c1
LC (IUCN)
TM7-12c1
CV1852-1864c1, LT0036-0041avC1, LT90-93c1,
MR888-898c1, TM158-175c1
LC (IUCN)
LC (IUCN)
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU
TM58-63c1
= Vulnerable
x
x
LC (IUCN)
x
x
x
TM2860-2866c3
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
391
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Enterolobium barnebianum
Inga (4 spp. no identificadas)
Inga auristellae
Inga brachyrhachis
Inga capitata
Inga ciliata
Inga cordatoalata
Inga edulis
Inga gracilifolia
Inga laurina
Inga marginata
Inga nobilis
Inga pruriens
Inga psittacorum
Inga thibaudiana
Macrosamanea spruceana
Parkia igneiflora
Parkia multijuga
Parkia nitida
Parkia velutina
Stryphnodendron (1 sp. no identificada)
Stryphnodendron polystachyum
Zygia latifolia
Zygia longifolia
Zygia juruana
Zygia racemosa
Zygia unifoliolata
Fabaceae-Papilionoideae (27)
Andira macrothyrsa
Clitoria (1 sp. no identificada)
Dioclea (1 sp. no identificada)
Diplotropis martiusii
Dipteryx cf. micrantha
Dussia tessmannii
Hymenolobium (1 sp. no identificada)
Hymenolobium nitidum
Lonchocarpus (1 sp. no identificada)
Machaerium (1 sp. no identificada)
Machaerium cuspidatum
Machaerium multifoliolatum
Ormosia (2 spp. no identificadas)
Ormosia amazonica
Pterocarpus rohrii
Swartzia (1 sp. no identificada)
Swartzia arborescens
392
Anguila
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Espcimen/Voucher
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10049
MR4338
NP10481
NP10195
MR4369
MR4311, 4605
MR4501
NP10012, 10020
x
x
MR4399
MR4392
MR4646
NP10309, 10343
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10274, 10466
MR4607
MR4726
NP10261
NP10201
x
x
LT3726
MR4294, 4699
x
x
x
x
x
MR4634
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
LC (IUCN)
TM = Tony Mori
x
Estatus/Status
x
x
x
x
x
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LC (IUCN)
LC (IUCN)
x
CV2497-2498c3
x
x
x
x
TM1926-1939c2
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
x
x
x
LT63c1
VU
= Vulnerable
LT161-165c1
LT280-282c1
CV2549-2555c3
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
393
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Swartzia benthamiana
Swartzia cardiosperma
Swartzia gracilis
Swartzia pendula
Swartzia peruviana
Swartzia polyphylla
Swartzia simplex
Taralea oppositifolia
Vatairea guianensis
Gentianaceae (4)
Potalia resinifera
Voyria aphylla
Voyria flavescens
Voyria tenella
Gesneriaceae (3)
Codonanthe crassifolia
Codonanthopsis dissimulata
Drymonia semicordata
Gnetaceae (1)
Gnetum (1 sp. no identificada)
Goupiaceae (1)
Goupia glabra
Heliconiaceae (4)
Heliconia densiflora
Heliconia hirsuta
Heliconia lasiorachis
Heliconia psittacorum
Humiriaceae (5)
Humiria balsamifera
Humiriastrum excelsum
Sacoglottis (1 sp. no identificada)
Sacoglottis ceratocarpa
Vantanea parviflora
Hypericaceae (1)
Vismia macrophylla
Icacinaceae (3)
Emmotum acuminatum
Pleurisanthes cf. flava
Poraqueiba cf. guianensis
Lacistemataceae (1)
Lacistema aggregatum
Lamiaceae (1)
Vitex triflora
394
x
x
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4545
MR4301
MR4479
MR4478
MR4474, NP10084
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4657
NP10233, 10290
MR4727
x
x
x
MR4409
MR4591
NP10050, 10071
x
x
x
x
x
MR4538
MR4326, 4407, 4438
MR4305, 4319
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10006
x
x
x
MR4689
MR4636
NP10307
MR4708
MR4655, NP10128, 10214
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
x
x
LT232-238c1
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LC (IUCN)
TM143c1
LT117-122c1, LT466-471c2
LT575-580c2, TM3193-3207c3
LT305-312c2
LT583-588c2, MR967-973c1, TM992-1012,
TM2595-2618c2
x
TM785-811c2
x
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
TM2475-2487c2
TM2578-2594c2
LT191-193c1, LT381-386c2, MR963-966c1,
TM1613-1620
MR935-942c1
= Vulnerable
x
TM4061-4092c3
x
TM3874-3902c3
x
TM301-319c1
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
395
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Lauraceae (45)
(20 spp. no identificadas)
Anaueria brasiliensis
Aniba (1 sp. no identificada)
Aniba hostmanniana
Endlicheria (3 spp. no identificadas)
Endlicheria formosa
Licaria (2 spp. no identificadas)
Licaria aurea
Mezilaurus sprucei
Mezilaurus synandra
Nectandra (2 spp. no identificadas)
Ocotea (5 spp. no identificadas)
Ocotea aciphylla
Ocotea alata
Ocotea argyrophylla
Ocotea javitensis
Ocotea oblonga
Persea cf. pseudofasciculata
Lecythidaceae (16)
Cariniana decandra
Couratari (2 spp. no identificadas)
Couratari guianensis
396
x
x
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4677
x
x
x
NP10193, 10365
x
x
x
Couratari oligantha
Eschweilera (6 spp. no identificadas)
x
x
Eschweilera chartaceifolia
Eschweilera coriacea
Eschweilera gigantea
Eschweilera tessmannii
Gustavia hexapetala
Linaceae (3)
Hebepetalum humiriifolium
Roucheria columbiana
Roucheria schomburgkii
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10010
MR4367, 4380, NP10017, 10038, 10048,
10067, 10092, 10100, 10102, 10103,
10137, 10138, 10158, 10215, 101216,
10217, 10218, 10240, 10241, 10242,
10243, 10244, 10313, 10320, 10330,
10347, 10351, 10381, 10389, 10406,
10470, 10489, 10509, 10511
x
x
NP10247
x
x
NP10258, 10516
NP10281
x
x
x
NP10115, 10469
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LR/lc (IUCN)
x
x
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
x
x
CV2279-2280c2, MR1246-1248c2,
TM1671-1679
VU (IUCN)
VU
= Vulnerable
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
397
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Loganiaceae (1)
Strychnos mitscherlichii
Loranthaceae (4)
Aetanthus cf. nodosus
Oryctanthus cf. alveolatus
Phthirusa (1 sp. no identificada)
Psittacanthus peculiaris
Malpighiaceae (3)
Burdachia prismatocarpa
Byrsonima laevigata
Byrsonima stipulina
Malvaceae (20)
Apeiba aspera
Apeiba tibourbou
Ceiba pentandra
Eriotheca (1 sp. no identificada)
Huberodendron swietenioides
Lueheopsis althaeiflora
Lueheopsis hoehnei
Matisia malacocalyx
Mollia (1 sp. no identificada)
Mollia gracilis
Mollia lepidota
Pachira aquatica
Pachira brevipes
Pachira cf. insignis
Pachira cf. macrocalyx
Sterculia (3 spp. no identificadas)
Theobroma obovatum
Theobroma subincanum
Marantaceae (10)
Goeppertia roseopicta
Goeppertia zingiberina
Ischnosiphon (1 sp. no identificada)
Ischnosiphon arouma
Ischnosiphon hirsutus
Ischnosiphon obliquus
Monotagma (1 sp. no identificada)
Monotagma angustissimum
Monotagma densiflorum
Monotagma laxum
398
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
LT3714, MR4283
x
x
LT3713, MR4272
MR4274
MR4550
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10056
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10395
NP10072
MR4578, 4582, 4665
NP10206
x
x
MR4251
LT3738, MR4299
NP10346
x
x
MR4270
NP10106
NP10135
MR4447, 4464, NP10143, 10301
MR4339
MR4635
MR4423
MR4509
MR4719
MR4320, 4492
MR4468
MR4477, 4628
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
CV1926-1930c1, LT0044-0058avC1
Estatus/Status
CV1912-1916c1, LT0059-0064avC1
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
TM2488-2504c2
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CV2561-2562c3
CR
TM3180-3192c3
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LT26-32c1, NP12-13c1
x
x
x
x
NT (MINAG)
x
x
x
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
VU (MINAG)
VU
= Vulnerable
x
x
x
x
LT525-528c2, TM1365-1398c2
LT0326-0337c2
CV2452-2454c3
TM3905-3925c3
LT103-107c1, MR918-924c1,
MR1237-1245c2, TM1621-1647c2
MR1251-1261c2, TM718-720c2,
TM1701-1725c2, TM3629-3646c3
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
399
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Marcgraviaceae (1)
Marcgravia (2 spp. no identificadas)
Melastomataceae (33)
Aciotis purpurascens
Adelobotrys (2 spp. no identificadas)
Adelobotrys marginata
Bellucia umbellata
Blakea ovalis
Clidemia (2 spp. no identificadas)
Clidemia epiphytica
Graffenrieda limbata
Henriettea (1 sp. no identificada)
Leandra (2 spp. no identificadas)
Maieta guianensis
Maieta poeppigii
Miconia (9 spp. no identificadas)
Miconia pyrifolia
Miconia tomentosa
Mouriri (1 sp. no identificada)
Mouriri grandiflora
Mouriri myrtifolia
Salpinga secunda
Tococa capitata
Tococa guianensis
Tococa macrophysca
Meliaceae (15)
Guarea (1 sp. no identificada)
Guarea cinnamomea
Guarea cristata
Guarea kunthiana
Guarea macrophylla
Guarea pubescens
Guarea trunciflora
Guarea vasquezii
Trichilia (3 spp. no identificadas)
Trichilia maynasiana
Trichilia micrantha
Trichilia pallida
Trichilia septentrionalis
Menispermaceae (3)
Abuta (1 sp. no identificada)
Anomospermum grandifolium
Telitoxicum krukovii
400
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
Espcimen/Voucher
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
4598
4581, NP10203
TM2238
x
x
x
x
x
MR4430
LT3733, MR4323
LT3712
MR4568, 4625
x
x
x
MR4427
MR4536,
MR4603
MR4261,
TM2234
MR4560,
MR4503
MR4361
MR4498
MR4267,
MR4265
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4595
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10289
NP10326
MR4419
MR4424
NP10363
MR4602, NP10479
NP10493
MR4639, 4676, 4712
MR4351, NP10132, 10339
NP10173
MR4700, NP10488
TM2224
x
x
4315, 4463
MR4571
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
TM13158-3179c3
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
LT617-624c3, TM2945-2984c3
TM3473-3489
TM530-553c1
TM1779-1807c2
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM3834-3849c3
LR/lc (IUCN)
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LT0068-0073avC1, MR242-259c1
LT0074-0079avC1, TM251-259c1
LT639-654c3, TM3265-3302c3
MR1136-1140c2
= Vulnerable
VU (IUCN)
TLT399-403c3
VU (IUCN)
CV485-487c3
TM281-296c1
x
x
TM3401-3415c3
CV2196-2197c2
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
401
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Monimiaceae (1)
Mollinedia killipii
Moraceae (39)
Batocarpus amazonicus
Brosimum alicastrum
Brosimum guianense
Brosimum lactescens
Brosimum potabile
Brosimum rubescens
Brosimum utile
Clarisia racemosa
Ficus albert-smithii
Ficus americana s.l.
Ficus americana ssp. guianensis
Ficus donnell-smithii
Ficus gomelleira
Ficus hebetifolia
Ficus krukovii
Ficus maxima
Ficus nymphaeifolia
Ficus obtusifolia
Ficus panurensis
Ficus paraensis
Ficus pertusa
Ficus sphenophylla
Helicostylis scabra
Helicostylis tomentosa
Maquira calophylla
Naucleopsis concinna
Naucleopsis glabra
Naucleopsis imitans
Naucleopsis krukovii
Naucleopsis oblongifolia
Naucleopsis ulei
Perebea (1 sp. no identificada)
Perebea mollis
Perebea guianensis
Pseudolmedia laevigata
Pseudolmedia laevis
Pseudolmedia macrophylla
Sorocea pubivena
Trymatococcus amazonicus
Myristicaceae (27)
Compsoneura capitellata
Compsoneura sprucei
402
Anguila
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
MR4707
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4533
MR4606
x
x
x
LT3742, 3750
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LT3749
LT3741
LT3747
LT3751
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10401
x
x
NP10234
MR4336
LT3745
LT3744, 3748
LT3743
LT3746
NP10122, 10432
NP10353
NP10420
NP10404
NP10179
NP10016
NP10291, 10324, 10425, 10429
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NT (MINAG)
LR/lc (IUCN)
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM260-267c1, LT485-490c2
x
LR/lc (IUCN)
LT491-501c2
LT589-596c2
x
LT474-484c2
LR/lc (IUCN)
LR/lc (IUCN)
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LT449-453c2
LR/lc (IUCN)
x
x
x
LR/lc (IUCN)
VU
= Vulnerable
TM1205-1215c2
x
VU (IUCN)
x
x
x
MR1160-1167c2
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
403
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Iryanthera crassifolia
Iryanthera hostmannii
Iryanthera juruensis
Iryanthera laevis
Iryanthera lancifolia
Iryanthera macrophylla
Iryanthera paraensis
Iryanthera polyneura
Iryanthera tessmannii
Iryanthera tricornis
Osteophloeum platyspermum
Otoba glycycarpa
Virola albidiflora
Virola calophylla
Virola cf. decorticans
Virola divergens/mollissima
Virola duckei
Virola elongata
Virola flexuosa
Virola loretensis
Virola multicostata
Virola multinervia
Virola obovata
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Virola pavonis
Virola sebifera
Myrtaceae (19)
(7 spp. no identificadas)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Neea floribunda
Neea parviflora
Ochnaceae (10)
Cespedesia spathulata
Froesia diffusa
404
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10331
NP10299
LT3728, NP10146, 10205
NP10168
NP10187, 10405
NP10410, 10460
MR4325
NP10265
NP10414
NP10471
NP10361, 10428
NP10278
NP10013
MR4494
NP10371
NP10160, 10252
NP10131, 10134, 10169, 10232, 10442,
10513
NP10312
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CV2198-2199c2
x
x
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM3132-3139c3
x
x
x
TM1330-1354c2
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU
= Vulnerable
LT0080-0083avC1
LT138-144c1, MR999-1005c1, TM403-418c1
x
x
CV2517-2519c3, TM3724-3740c3
LT456-457c2
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
405
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Phyllanthaceae (3)
Hieronyma (1 sp. no identificada)
Hieronyma oblonga
Richeria grandis
Picramniaceae (2)
Picramnia (1 sp. no identificada)
Picramnia magnifolia
Piperaceae (8)
Peperomia (1 sp. no identificada)
Peperomia macrostachyos
406
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10411
NP10099
MR4703
NP10086
LT3711, MR4273
NP10231
MR4485
x
x
x
MR4354, 4702
x
x
MR4541
MR4506
x
x
x
x
x
MR4350, 4460
MR4557
MR4357
MR4358
MR4410
MR4480
MR4268
Pentaphylacaceae (2)
Ternstroemia klugiana
Ternstroemia penduliflora
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
MR4366
MR4638
MR4241
x
LT3729
x
x
x
NP10197
MR4596
MR4544
MR4306, 4510, 4626, TM2236
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CV1865-1923c1, LT0084-0095avC1,
TM132-142c1
x
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
CV2294-2298c2
x
x
TM389-402c1
x
x
x
LR/nt (IUCN)
LT502-513c2, TM1178-1204c2
LT0096-0104avC1
CV2238-2240c2, LT446-448c2, MR931-933c1
TM3245-3255c3
TM561-577c1
LT291-298c1
LT64-70c1, TM37-45c1
TM320-344c1
App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES), Nueva
para el Per/New for Peru
(ver el texto)
App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES), Nueva para
el Per/New for Peru
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU
= Vulnerable
Endmica de Loreto, VU
(Len et al. 2006)
Endmica de Loreto, VU
(Len et al. 2006)
TM2867-2878c3
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
407
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
408
Cybianthus penduliflorus
Cybianthus peruvianus
Stylogyne longifolia
Proteaceae (4)
Euplassa inaequalis
Panopsis rubescens
Panopsis sessilifolia
Roupala montana
Putranjivaceae (1)
Drypetes (1 sp. no identificada)
Rapateaceae (1)
Rapatea ulei
Rhizophoraceae (2)
Cassipourea guianensis
Sterigmapetalum obovatum
Rosaceae (1)
Prunus (1 sp. no identificada)
Rubiaceae (56)
(3 spp. no identificadas)
Alibertia (2 spp. no identificadas)
Alibertia claviflora
Amaioua cf. guianensis
Calycophyllum megistocaulum
Carapichea klugii
Chimarrhis gentryana
Coussarea (1 sp. no identificada)
Duroia (1 sp. no identificada)
Duroia hirsuta
Duroia saccifera
x
x
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
MR4487
x
x
x
MR4388
MR4284
MR4345
MR4387
MR4371
x
x
x
MR4296, 4693
x
x
MR4381
MR4243, 4278, 4663
MR4411
x
x
x
NP10354
NP10003, 10034, 10059
MR4504
MR4448
MR4549
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10119
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4444
NP10285
NP10418
NP10081
MR4493
x
x
MR4481
NP10376
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LT169-172c1
CV1870-1881c1
LT154-156c1
x
Endmica de Loreto, CR
(Len et al. 2006)
LT443-445c2
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
TM2795-2816c2
= Vulnerable
TM722-752c2
x
x
CV2271-2272c2, MR1227-1228c2
TM1896-1925c2
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
409
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
x
x
410
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4563
MR4561, NP10057, 10329
NP10336, 10385
MR4645
MR4588
NP10165, 10303, 10447
NP10164
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4292
MR4579
MR4308, 4429, 4687
MR4300
LT3722, MR4275, 4289
MR4461
LT3735, MR4246, 4394, 4414, 4469,
TM2225, 2239
MR4624
MR4417, 4512, 4624
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Retiniphyllum concolor
Rudgea guyanensis
Rudgea lanceifolia
Warszewiczia coccinea
Rutaceae (3)
Adiscanthus fusciflorus
Conchocarpus (1 sp. no identificada)
Ticorea tubiflora
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
MR4508
MR4316
MR4404
x
x
x
MR4408
MR4537
MR4297
NP10507
MR4611, TM2228
MR4518, TM2227
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4277
MR4254, 4302, 4529, 4532, 4711
MR4373, 4374, 4375, 4462, 4585
MR4348
MR4496
x
x
x
INFORME / REPORT NO. 27
MR4720
MR4648
MR4502
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
TM3437-3451c3
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
LT609-616c3, TM2893-2911c3
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
TM3647-3661c3
LT600c3
CV2259-2264, MR1204-1217c2
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
TM1680-1700c2
CV2005-2008c1
LT80-89c1, MR847-869c1, TM79-122c1
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
x
TM3368-3383c3
MR1100-1111c2
LT0111-0114avC1
x
x
x
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
MR925-930c1
LT540-547c2, TM1758-1777c2
CV2246-2249c2
= Vulnerable
CV2490-2512c3, TM3798-3722c3
MR1330-1348c2, TM1954-1982c2,
TM2235-2276c2
LT53-59c1, NP11c1
x
MR1413-1424c3, TM3926-3949c3
TM3808-3833
TM1253-1303c2
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
411
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Sabiaceae (6)
Meliosma (4 spp. no identificadas)
Ophiocaryon (1 sp. no identificada)
Ophiocaryon manausense
Salicaceae (6)
Casearia (2 spp. no identificadas)
Casearia resinifera
Laetia procera
Laetia suaveolens
Ryania speciosa
Santalaceae (1)
Phoradendron (1 sp. no identificada)
Sapindaceae (12)
(1 sp. no identificada)
Cupania (1 sp. no identificada)
Cupania diphylla
Matayba (2 spp. no identificadas)
Matayba arborescens
Matayba inelegans
Matayba macrocarpa
Matayba peruviana
Paullinia (1 sp. no identificada)
Talisia (2 spp. no identificadas)
Sapotaceae (49)
(5 spp. no identificadas)
Chrysophyllum (1 sp. no identificada)
Chrysophyllum cf. amazonicum
Chrysophyllum argenteum
Chrysophyllum manaosense
Chrysophyllum prieurii
Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum
Diploon aff. cuspidatum
Ecclinusa bullata
Ecclinusa guianensis
Ecclinusa lanceolata
Elaeoluma glabrescens
Manilkara cf. inundata
Micropholis (3 spp. no identificadas)
Micropholis egensis
Micropholis guyanensis s.l.
Micropholis obscura
Micropholis trunciflora
Micropholis venulosa
412
Anguila
x
x
x
x
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
LT3721
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NP10186
NP10157
MR4288, 4688
NP10125, 10433, 10453
MR4647
MR4718
MR4717
MR4590
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4637
NP10136, 10208, 10292
MR4618, NP10159
NP10127
NP10245
NP10266, 10269, 10417
MR4621, NP10436, 10440, 10485
MR4249, 4683
NP10094, 10096
MR4556, 4724, NP10294
LT3732, NP10344
NP10348, 10476
MR4643
NP10413
MR4721
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
TM3329-3344c3
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM1940-1953c2, TM3084-3098c3
x
LT132-137c1
x
LT0065-0067avC1
x
LT655-656c3, MR1410-1418c3,
TM3498-3509c3
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU
x
x
= Vulnerable
LR/lc (IUCN)
TM3672-3683c3
LT60-62c1
LT0122-0131avC1
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
413
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Quebrada
Pobreza
Pouteria cuspidata
Pouteria gomphiifolia
Pouteria guianensis
Pouteria lucumifolia
Pouteria oblanceolata
Pouteria platyphylla
Pouteria torta
Pouteria vernicosa
Pradosia cochlearia
Simaroubaceae (3)
Simaba cf. cavalcantei
Simaba guianensis
Simarouba amara
Siparunaceae (5)
Siparuna cristata
Siparuna cuspidata
Siparuna decipiens
Siparuna guianensis
Siparuna micrantha
Solanaceae (3)
Cestrum (1 sp. no identificada)
Markea formicarum
Solanum pedemontanum
Stemonuraceae (1)
Discophora guianensis
Strelitziaceae (1)
Phenakospermum guyannense
Styracaceae (1)
Styrax guyanensis
Taccaceae (1)
Tacca parkeri
Triuridaceae (1)
Sciaphila purpurea
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Urticaceae (16)
Cecropia distachya
414
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4436, 4601
MR4519
x
x
MR4576
MR4490, 4531, 4574
MR4341
LT3723
MR4364
MR4542, 4729
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
TM145-157c1, TM2320-2338c2
LR/nt (IUCN)
VU (IUCN)
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
CV2167-2171c2
x
x
x
= Vulnerable
MR1404-1409c3, TM3428-3436c3
TM 2132-2158c2
MR974-980c1
x
x
LT0132-0140avC1
NP160-169c3, TM1583-1610c2,
TM2786-2794c2
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
415
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
416
Cecropia ficifolia
Cecropia latiloba
Cecropia sciadophylla
Coussapoa orthoneura
Coussapoa tessmannii
Coussapoa trinervia
Pourouma (2 spp. no identificadas)
x
x
x
Pourouma acuminata
Pourouma bicolor
Pourouma guianensis
Pourouma minor
Pourouma myrmecophila
Pourouma ovata
Pourouma tomentosa
Violaceae (7)
Leonia crassa
Leonia cymosa
Leonia glycycarpa
Paypayrola grandiflora
Rinorea lindeniana
Rinorea racemosa
Rinorea viridifolia
Vochysiaceae (9)
Erisma bicolor
Erisma calcaratum
Qualea acuminata
Qualea paraensis
Vochysia (2 spp. no identificadas)
Vochysia biloba
Vochysia lomatophylla
Vochysia cf. venulosa
Zamiaceae (2)
Zamia (1 sp. no identificada)
Zamia ulei
Zingiberaceae (1)
Renealmia krukovii
PTERIDOPHYTA (25)
Aspleniaceae (3)
Asplenium (1 sp. no identificada)
Asplenium angustum
Asplenium juglandifolium
Cyatheaceae (1)
Cyathea (1 sp. no identificada)
x
x
x
x
Anguila
x
x
x
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
x
x
x
MR4389
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MR4577, NP10200
MR4589
MR4431, TM2241
MR4488
MR4505
NP10288, 10393, 10419
NP10035
NP10077, 10452
MR4608, 4609
x
x
MR4467, 10495
x
x
MR4362
x
MR4515
MR4575
MR4530
MR4347
MR4630
x
x
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
x
x
x
x
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
Estatus/Status
LT166-168c1
x
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LT259-269c1
x
x
x
TM1083-1099c2
CV2164-2166c2, TM3303-3314c3
x
TM3140-3157c3
x
TM3346-3367c3
CV2175-2178c2, LT395-398c2, MR1112-1118c2
TM1488-1506c2, TM1726-1740c2
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
LR/nt, NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU
MR1393-1395, TM2854-2859c3
= Vulnerable
x
x
LT346-354c2
TM517-529c1
App. II (CITES)
NT (IUCN), App. II (CITES)
App. II (CITES)
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
417
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Dennstaedtiaceae (1)
Saccoloma inaequale
Dryopteridaceae (2)
Cyclodium (1 sp. no identificada)
Cyclodium meniscioides
Hymenophyllaceae (3)
Trichomanes (1 sp. no identificada)
Trichomanes pinnatum
Trichomanes tanaicum
Lindsaeaceae (1)
Lindsaea lancea
Lycopodiaceae (2)
Lycopodiella cernua
Lycopodiella contexta
Metaxyaceae (1)
Metaxya rostrata
Polypodiaceae (4)
Campyloneurum repens
Microgramma megalophylla
Microgramma percussa
Niphidium crassifolium
Pteridaceae (3)
Adiantum (1 sp. no identificada)
Pityrogramma calomelanos
Polytaenium guayanense
Schizaeaceae (2)
Actinostachys pennula
Schizaea elegans
Selaginellaceae (1)
Selaginella (1 sp. no identificada)
Thelypteridaceae (1)
Thelypteris opulenta
THALLOPHYTA (1)
Cladoniaceae (1)
Cladonia chlorophaea
418
Anguila
Espcimen/Voucher
Quebrada
Pobreza
x
x
MR4421
x
x
x
MR4291
MR4264
MR4266
x
MR4420
x
x
MR4384
MR4295
x
TM2243
TM2222
LT3716, MR4256
TM2230
MR4344
x
x
x
x
MR4403
x
MR4342
x
x
x
MR4286
MR4619
MR4359
MR4433
Apndice/Appendix 3
Plantas Vasculares/
Vascular Plants
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Observacin/
Observation
Fotos/Photos
Estatus/Status
Espcimen, Fotos/
Voucher, Photos
CV = Corine Vriesendorp
LT = Luis Torres Montenegro
MR = Marcos Ros Paredes
NP = Nigel Pitman
TM = Tony Mori
x
Estatus/Status
LT405-410c2
LT147-153c1
CITES
= Estatus CITES/
CITES status
IUCN
= Categora de amenaza
mundial segn la
UICN (2014)/IUCN
(2014) global threat
category
MINAG
= Categora de amenaza
en el Per segn
MINAG (2006)/Threat
category in Peru fide
MINAG (2006)
App. II
= Apndice II/
AppendixII
CR
EN
= En Peligro/
Endangered
LC, LR/cd,
LR/lc
= Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
TM3539-3547c3
= Vulnerable
TM554-560c1
LT387-392c2
MR907-909c1
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
419
Apndice/Appendix 4
Estaciones de
muestreo de peces/
Fish sampling stations
Resumen de las principales caractersticas de las estaciones de muestreo de peces durante un inventario rpido
del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco, Loreto, Per, del 9 al 25 de octubre del 2014, por Isabel Corahua y Mara
Aldea. Todas las estaciones tenan como tipo de vegetacin dominante el bosque primario.
Sitios de muestreo/
Sampling sites
Ubicacin geogrfica/
Location
Latitud/
Latitude (S)
Tipo de agua/
Water type
Longitud/
Longitude (O/W)
Altitud
(msnm)/
Elevation
(masl)
Negra/
Black
Blanca/
White
Tipo de
ambiente/
Habitat type
Lntico/
Lentic
Ltico/
Lotic
Dimensiones/
Size (m)
Tipo de corriente/
Current
Profundidad/
Depth
Nula/
None
300.0
3.0
2.5
0.6
5.0
0.5
70.0
3.0
Ancho/
Width
Lenta/
Slow
Moderada/
Moderate
CAMPAMENTO WISWINCHO/ WISWINCHO CAMPSITE (913 de octubre de 2014 / 913 October 2014)
Cocha Yanayacu
Quebrada Yanayacu/
Yanayacu Stream
Tahuampa en
campamento/
Floodplain at camp
Ro Blanco/
Blanco River
Tahuampa Ro Blanco/
Blanco River floodplain
Tahuampa T1/
T1 floodplain
Cocha T2/
Oxbow lake T2
0550'05.2"
0548'17.0"
7352'50.7"
7352'02.9"
100
120
1
1
0548'36.0"
7351'56.0"
110
0547'34.8"
7351'34.8"
104
0548'11.5"
7350'46.0"
105
10.0
0.6
548'45.6"
7351'20.0"
127
2.5
0.7
548'29.1"
7350'50.4"
105
70.0
2.0
LEYENDA /LEGEND
420
614'14.1"
7353'20.8"
226
2.0
0.8
615'18.5"
7353'54.2"
153
3.0
0.6
617'00.0"
7355'02.0"
139
4.5
0.5
616'07.2"
7354'17.3"
132
2.5
2.0
616'22.0"
7354'33.7"
142
3.5
1.0
615'47.0"
7354'26.0"
153
1.5
0.5
615'20.9"
7353'57.8"
140
2.0
0.2
SR = Sin registro/
No record
Apndice/Appendix 4
Estaciones de
muestreo de peces/
Fish sampling stations
Attributes of the fish sampling stations studied during a rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco region, Loreto, Peru,
on 925 October 2014, by Isabel Corahua and Mara Aldea. All stations had primary forest as the dominant
vegetation type.
Tipo de substrato/
Substrate type
Limoso-arenoso/
Silty-sandy
Nula/None
Estrecha/
Narrow
1
1
Vegetacin de fondo/
Substrate vegetation
Perifiton/
Periphyton
Palizada u
hojarasca/
Snags or
leaf litter
1
1
pH
Conductividad
elctrica/Electrical
conductivity (s/cm)
5.6
4.1
29.5
35.2
SR
SR
4.8
13.9
SR
SR
4.1
41.0
4.6
13.7
SR
SR
4.9
7.4
5.1
15.9
SR
SR
Parmetros fisicoqumicos/
Water attributes
1
1
SR
SR
4.8
6.9
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
421
Apndice/Appendix 4
Estaciones de
muestreo de peces/
Fish sampling stations
Sitios de muestreo/
Sampling sites
Ubicacin geogrfica/
Location
Latitud/
Latitude (S)
Tipo de agua/
Water type
Longitud/
Longitude (O/W)
Altitud
(msnm)/
Elevation
(masl)
Negra/
Black
Blanca/
White
Tipo de
ambiente/
Habitat type
Lntico/
Lentic
Ltico/
Lotic
Dimensiones/
Size (m)
Ancho/
Width
Profundidad/
Depth
Tipo de corriente/
Current
Nula/
None
Lenta/
Slow
Moderada/
Moderate
CAMPAMENTO QUEBRADA POBREZA/QUEBRADA POBREZA CAMPSITE (2125 de octubre de 2014/2125 October 2014)
Quebrada Pobreza
(parte alta)/Pobreza
Stream (upper portion)
Quebrada T1/
T1 stream
Quebrada Pobreza
(parte baja)/Pobreza
Stream (lower portion)
Quebrada C3/C3 stream
Tahuampa T2/T2
floodplain
Tahuampa T3/T3
floodplain
Quebrada Pobreza (parte
media)/Pobreza Stream
(middle portion)
Quebradas T4/T4
streams
559'55.9"
7348'41.1"
118
6.0
1.0
559'19.8"
7348'49.1"
121
2.0
0.5
557'59.2"
7344'46.5"
119
5.0
1.0
558'24.2"
558'36.1"
7346'02.8"
7346'12.2"
152
160
1
1
1
1
3.0
2.0
0.4
0.6
558'48.2.1" 7346'24.3"
115
1.0
0.3
558'40.9"
7346'21.6"
120
8.0
2.0
558'38.9"
7346'22.4"
149
0.6
0.5
Total
LEYENDA /LEGEND
422
21
SR = Sin registro/
No record
14
1
8
Apndice/Appendix 4
Estaciones de
muestreo de peces/
Fish sampling stations
Tipo de substrato/
Substrate type
Limoso-arenoso/
Silty-sandy
Nula/None
Palizada u
hojarasca/
Snags or
leaf litter
pH
Conductividad
elctrica/Electrical
conductivity (s/cm)
SR
SR
5.4
4.8
SR
SR
1
1
1
1
5.5
SR
8.9
SR
4.0
54.3
SR
SR
SR
SR
1
1
Perifiton/
Periphyton
Parmetros fisicoqumicos/
Water attributes
10
Estrecha/
Narrow
Vegetacin de fondo/
Substrate vegetation
10
1
2
14
18
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
423
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
Especies de peces registradas durante un inventario rpido del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco, Loreto, Per, del 9
al 25 de octubre del 2014, por Isabel Corahua y Mara Aldea-Guevara. Los rdenes siguen la clasificacin de
CLOFFSCA (Reis et al. 2003).
PECES / FISHES
MYLIOBATIFORMES (5)
Potamotrygonidae (5)
Paratrygon aiereba
Potamotrygon castexi
Potamotrygon motoro
Potamotrygon orbygni
Potamotrygon sp.
OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES (2)
Osteoglossidae (1)
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
Arapaimatidae (1)
Arapaima sp.
CHARACIFORMES (96)
Acestrorhynchidae (1)
Acestrorhynchus microlepis
Anostomidae (11)
Abramites hypselonotus
Laemolyta taeniata
Leporinus aripuanensis
Leporinus fasciatus
Leporinus friderici
Leporinus moralesi cf.
Leporinus trifasciatus
Leporinus sp.
Pseudanos trimaculatus
Rhytiodus argenteofuscos
Schizodon fasciatus
Characidae (50)
Acestrocephalus boehlkei
Aphyocharax sp.
Astyanax bimaculatus
Astyanax sp.
Brachychalcinus nummus
Brycon cephalus
Brycon melanopterus
Brycon sp.
Bryconops caudimaculatus
Bryconops inpai
Bryconops melanurus aff.
Charax tectifer
Chryssobrycon yoliae cf.
Colossoma macropomum
Ctenobrycon hauwellanus
424
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
raya
raya
raya
raya
raya
1
1
1
1
1
arahuana
paiche
pez aguja
san pedrito, lisa bruja
lisa
lisa
lisa, batn
lisa, batn
lisa de quebrada
lisa, batn
lisa, batn
lisa
lisa
lisa cebra
peje zorro
mojarita
mojarita, palta mojara
mojarita
palometita
sbalo
sbalo
sbalo
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
dentn
mojarita
palometita
mojarita
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
4
4
1
4
1
10
6
2
1
7
1
1
Apndice/Appendix 5
Fish species recorded during a rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco region, Loreto, Peru, on
925 October 2014, by Isabel Corahua and Mara Aldea-Guevara. Ordinal classification follows CLOFFSCA
(Reis et al. 2003).
Peces/Fishes
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Nmero de
individuos/
Number of
individuals
1
1
1
1
1
Potencial nueva
especie/Potential
new species
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Usos/
Uses
Consumo de subsistencia/
Subsistence consumption
enc
enc
enc
enc
enc
Pesqueria comercial/
Commercial fisheries*
or
or
or
or
or
col = Colectado/
Collected
obs = Observado/
Observed
enc = Encuesta/
Survey
Pesquera comercial/
Commercial fisheries
co = Por consumo/
For food
or = Como ornamental/
As ornamentals
obs
co
or
obs
co
or
col
co
or
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
col
enc
enc
enc
obs
enc
obs
obs
enc
enc
obs
co
co
co
or
1
9
1
2
1
1
5
2
14
6
6
1
7
1
1
enc
col
obs
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
enc
col
enc
col
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
or
or
co
co
co
co
or
or
or
or
or
co
co
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
425
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
PECES / FISHES
Gnatocharax steindachneri
Hemigrammus analis
Hemigrammus ocellifer aff.
Hemigrammus sp. 2
Hemigrammus sp. 3
Hemigrammus sp. nov.
Hyphessobrycon agulha
Hyphessobrycon agulha aff.
Hyphessobrycon copelandi
Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma
Iguanodectes purusii
Jupiaba anteroides
Moenkhausia collettii
Moenkhausia comma
Moenkhausia dichroura
Moenkhausia lepidura
Moenkhausia oligolepis
Myleus rubripinnis
Mylossoma aerum
Mylossoma duriventri
Paracheirodon innesi
Phenacogaster sp.
Piaractus brachypomus
Pygocentrus nattereri
Roeboides myersii
Salminus iquitensis
Salminus sp.
Scopaecharax sp.
Serrasalmus rhombeus
Serrasalmus sp.
Tetragonopterus argenteus
Thayeria obliqua
Triportheus pictus
Triportheus sp.
Tyttocharax sp. nov.
Chilodontidae (2)
Caenotropus labyrinthicus
Chilodus punctatus
Crenuchidae (5)
Ammocryptocharax elegans
Characidium pellucidum
Characidium sp. nov.
Crenuchus spilurus
Geryichthys sp.
426
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojara
mojarita
mojara
mojara
mojara
mojara
mojara cola de fuego
palometa
palometa
palometa
neon tetra
mojara, pez vidrio
paco
paa asa, paa roja
dentn
sbalo macho
sbalo
mojara
paa blanca
paa
mojara, racta jogon
mojarita
sardina
sardina
mojarita
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
76
92
30
3
109
1
424
65
2
34
93
552
1
4
1
6
39
6
1
5
20
8
1
2
2
30
1
1
1
1
44
1
2
1
1
1
13
1
1
1
8
21
1
1
21
lisa, batn
lisa, batn
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita
mojarita, vetax
mojarita
3
104
67
28
77
42
433
414
1
1
3
23
6
23
1
28
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Nmero de
individuos/
Number of
individuals
3
272
67
167
80
76
527
1390
65
4
4
6
39
6
1
55
9
2
1
1
46
2
1
2
1
1
1
13
2
1
9
1
1
1
42
Potencial nueva
especie/Potential
new species
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Usos/
Uses
Consumo de subsistencia/
Subsistence consumption
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
obs
enc
obs
col
col
obs
col
obs
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
1
1
enc
enc
3
23
6
51
1
col
col
col
col
col
Pesqueria comercial/
Commercial fisheries*
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
co
or
or
or
or
co
co
co
col = Colectado/
Collected
obs = Observado/
Observed
enc = Encuesta/
Survey
Pesquera comercial/
Commercial fisheries
co = Por consumo/
For food
or = Como ornamental/
As ornamentals
* = El uso ornamental
corresponde al observado en
otras partes de la Amazona
y no necesariamente en el
interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco/
Ornamental use as observed
in other regions of the
Amazon (not necessarily in
the Tapiche-Blanco region)
or
or
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
or
or
co
or
co
co
or
or
or
or
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
427
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
PECES / FISHES
Curimatidae (10)
Curimata vittata
Curimatella meyeri
Curimatopsis macrolepis
Curimatopsis sp.
Cyphocharax puntostictos
Cyphocharax spiluropsis
Indeterminado/Unidentified
Potamorhina altamazonica
Psectrogaster rutiloides
Steindachnerina sp.
Cynodontidae (1)
Hydrolycus sp.
Erythrinidae (3)
Erythrinus erythrinus
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus
Hoplias malabaricus
Gasteropelecidae (3)
Carnegiella myersii
Carnegiella strigata
Gasteropelecus sternicla
Hemiodontidae (2)
Anodus elongatus
Hemiodus unimaculatus
Lebiasinidae (6)
Copeina guttata
Copella nigrofasciata
Nannostomus trifasciatus
Nannostomus sp.
Pyrrhulina brevis
Pyrrhulina laeta aff.
Prochilodontidae (2)
Prochilodus nigricans
Semaprochilodus insignis
GYMNOTIFORMES (7)
Gymnotidae (3)
Electrophorus electricus
Gymnotus yavari cf.
Gymnotus sp.
Hypopomidae (2)
Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus
Hypopygus sp.
Rhamphychtydae (1)
Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni
428
chio chio
chio chio
chio chio
chio chio
chio chio
chio chio
yulilla
yahuarachi, yambina
ractacara
yulilla
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
1
1
4
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
chambira
1
11
1
3
10
11
12
5
51
3
46
17
julilla, batn
julilla, batn
flechita
flechita
pez lpiz
pez lpiz
flechita
flechita
boquichico
yaraqui
anguila
macana
macana
macana
macana
macana
INFORME / REPORT NO. 27
1
1
2
1
3
1
3
1
1
42
1
28
106
5
50
1
2
1
1
5
2
1
14
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Nmero de
individuos/
Number of
individuals
Potencial nueva
especie/Potential
new species
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Usos/
Uses
Consumo de subsistencia/
Subsistence consumption
Pesqueria comercial/
Commercial fisheries*
col = Colectado/
Collected
obs = Observado/
Observed
enc = Encuesta/
Survey
1
1
4
3
1
1
4
1
1
2
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
col
co
co
enc
co
1
1
24
col
col
col
co
co
co
11
109
25
col
col
col
1
1
col
col
3
108
45
2
8
78
col
col
col
col
col
col
1
5
obs
col
2
1
1
obs
col
col
or
or
or
5
2
col
col
or
or
15
col
or
or
or
or
or
or
Pesquera comercial/
Commercial fisheries
co = Por consumo/
For food
or = Como ornamental/
As ornamentals
co
or
or
or
or
or
co
co
or
or
or
or
or
or
co
co
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
429
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
PECES / FISHES
Sternopygidae (1)
Sternopygus sp.
SILURIFORMES (48)
Asprenidae (2)
Bunocephalus sp.
Bunocephalus sp. nov.
Auchenipteridae (5)
Ageneiosus sp.
Centromochlus heckelii
Liosomadoras morrowi
Tetranematichthys wallacei
Trachelyopterus galateus
Callichthyidae (13)
Corydoras arcuatus
Corydoras leopardus aff.
Corydoras napoensis
Corydoras pastazensis
Corydoras rabauti
Corydoras reticulata
Corydoras semiaquilus
Corydoras trilinineatus
Corydoras sp. 1
Corydoras sp. 2
Hoplosternum litorale
Megalechis personata
Megalechis sp.
Cetopsidae (2)
Denticetopsis sp.
Helogenes marmoratus
Doradidae (4)
Acanthodoras spinossisimus
Amblydoras sp.
Doras punctatus
Physophyxis lira
Heptapteridae (5)
Imparfinis sp.
Myoglanis koepckei
Pimelodella sp. 1
Pimelodella sp. 2
Rhamdia quelen
Loricariidae (9)
Ancistrus sp. 1
Farlowella sp.
Hypoptopoma sp.
430
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
macana
sapo cunshi
sapo cunshi
bocn
aceitero
bocn, novia
bocn, novia
bocn, novia
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui,
shirui
shirui
shirui
arcuato
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
ipu pishca
1
7
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
1
3
bagrecito
bagrecito
cunshi
cunshi
cunshi
carachama
shitari aguja
shitari
1
3
bagre de quebrada
bagre de quebrada
rego rego
rego rego
rego rego
pirillo
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
2
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Nmero de
individuos/
Number of
individuals
Potencial nueva
especie/Potential
new species
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Usos/
Uses
Consumo de subsistencia/
Subsistence consumption
Pesqueria comercial/
Commercial fisheries*
col
or
1
7
col
col
or
or
1
1
3
2
3
col
enc
col
col
col
co
9
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
3
5
col
obs
obs
col
obs
obs
col
obs
col
col
col
col
col
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
4
2
col
col
or
or
1
1
1
3
col
col
col
col
or
or
or
or
1
1
9
1
1
col
col
col
col
col
or
or
2
2
1
col
col
col
co
co
co
or
or
col = Colectado/
Collected
obs = Observado/
Observed
enc = Encuesta/
Survey
Pesquera comercial/
Commercial fisheries
co = Por consumo/
For food
or = Como ornamental/
As ornamentals
* = El uso ornamental
corresponde al observado en
otras partes de la Amazona
y no necesariamente en el
interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco/
Ornamental use as observed
in other regions of the
Amazon (not necessarily in
the Tapiche-Blanco region)
co
co
co
or
or
or
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
431
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
PECES / FISHES
Hypostomus emarginatus
Hypostomus sp.
Otocinclus macrospilus
Panaque schaeferi
Pseudorinelepis genibarbis
Rineloricaria sp.
Pimelodidae (8)
Brachyplatystoma juruense
Calophysus macropterus
Cheirocerus eques
Hemisorubim platyrhynchos
Pimelodus maculatus cf.
Pimelodus ornatus
Pseudoplatystoma punctifer
Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum
CYPRINODOTIFORMES (2)
Rivulidae (2)
Rivulus sp.
Rivulus sp. 1
BELONIFORMES (1)
Belonidae (1)
Potamorrhaphis guianensis
PERCIFORMES (18)
Cichlidae (16)
Aequidens diadema
Aequidens sp.
Apistogramma sp. 1
Apistogramma sp. 2
Apistogramma sp. 3
Astronotus ocellatus
Chaetobranchus flavescens
Cichla monoculus
Ciclasoma amazonarum
Crenicichla proteus
Crenicichla sedentaria
Crenicichla sp.
Laetacara thayeri
Laetacara sp.
Mesonauta festivus
Satanoperca jurupari
Polycentridae (1)
Monocirrhus polyacanthus
Sciaenidae (1)
Plagioscion squamosissimus
432
carachama
carachama
carachamita
carachama mama
carachama
shitari
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
1
1
8
1
1
1
zngaro alianza
mota
mota, cawi
toa
cunchi bagre
cunchi negro
zngaro doncella
tigre zngaro
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
pez anual
pez anual
pez aguja
pez hoja
corvina
INFORME / REPORT NO. 27
10
1
3
62
54
2
1
1
1
3
10
5
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Nmero de
individuos/
Number of
individuals
Potencial nueva
especie/Potential
new species
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Usos/
Uses
Consumo de subsistencia/
Subsistence consumption
Pesqueria comercial/
Commercial fisheries*
1
1
8
1
1
1
obs
obs
col
enc
obs
col
co
co
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
enc
obs
obs
obs
obs
enc
obs
obs
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
1
1
col
col
or
or
col
or
3
3
76
54
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
10
6
5
2
1
col
col
col
col
col
obs
obs
obs
col
col
col
col
col
col
obs
obs
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
obs
col
co
co
co
co
or
or
or
or
col = Colectado/
Collected
obs = Observado/
Observed
enc = Encuesta/
Survey
Pesquera comercial/
Commercial fisheries
co = Por consumo/
For food
or = Como ornamental/
As ornamentals
* = El uso ornamental
corresponde al observado en
otras partes de la Amazona
y no necesariamente en el
interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco/
Ornamental use as observed
in other regions of the
Amazon (not necessarily in
the Tapiche-Blanco region)
or
co
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
433
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
PECES / FISHES
PLEURONECTIFORMES (1)
Achiridae (1)
Achirus achirus
434
lenguadito
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Apndice/Appendix 5
Peces/Fishes
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Nmero de
individuos/
Number of
individuals
Potencial nueva
especie/Potential
new species
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Consumo de subsistencia/
Subsistence consumption
enc
Tipo de registro/
Type of record
Usos/
Uses
Pesqueria comercial/
Commercial fisheries*
or
col = Colectado/
Collected
obs = Observado/
Observed
enc = Encuesta/
Survey
Pesquera comercial/
Commercial fisheries
co = Por consumo/
For food
or = Como ornamental/
As ornamentals
* = El uso ornamental
corresponde al observado en
otras partes de la Amazona
y no necesariamente en el
interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco/
Ornamental use as observed
in other regions of the
Amazon (not necessarily in
the Tapiche-Blanco region)
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
435
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
Anfibios y reptiles observados durante un inventario rpido en el interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco, Loreto, Per, del 9
al 25 de octubre de 2014, por Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia, Pablo J. Venegas y Marco M. Odicio. Las preferencias
para tipos de vegetacin se basan en los registros de campo durante el inventario.
Campamentos/Campsites
Wiswincho
AMPHIBIA (105)
ANURA (103)
Aromobatidae (4)
Allobates femoralis
Allobates trilineatus
Allobates sp. 1
Allobates sp. 2
Bufonidae (5)
Amazophrynella minuta
Rhaebo guttatus
Rhinella dapsilis
Rhinella margaritifera
Rhinella marina
Centrolenidae (4)
Hyalinobatrachium sp. 1
Hyalinobatrachium sp. 2
Vitreorana oyampiensis
Teratohyla sp.
Craugastoridae (20)
Noblella myrmecoides
Oreobates quixensis
Pristimantis altamazonicus
Pristimantis aff. lacrimosus*
Pristimantis academicus
Pristimantis buccinator
Pristimantis carvalhoi
Pristimantis croceoinguinis
Pristimantis delius
Pristimantis diadematus
Pristimantis fenestratus
Pristimantis lacrimosus
Pristimantis luscombei (kichwarum)
Pristimantis malkini
Pristimantis ockendeni
Pristimantis orcus
Pristimantis padiali
Pristimantis peruvianus
Pristimantis ventrimarmoratus
Strabomantis sulcatus
Dendrobatidae (6)
Ameerega hahneli
Ameerega aff. ignipedis
Ameerega trivittata
436
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Comunidades
aledaas/
Nearby
communities
Lote 179
(Linares-Palomino
et al. 2013a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Apndice/Appendix 6
Amphibians and reptiles observed during a rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco region, Loreto, Peru, on 925
October 2014, by Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia, Pablo J. Venegas and Marco Odicio. Vegetation type preferences are
based on field observations during the inventory.
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Tipo de
vegetacin/
Vegetation
type
Actividad/
Activity
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
IUCN (2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Especie potencialmente
nueva/Potentially new
species
Comunidades aledaas/
Nearby communities
Fr
= Frontera
col
lit
col
col
bta
D
D
D
D
LC
LC
D
N
D
D,N
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Wi
= Wicungo
1
1
1
col
col
lit
col
obs, fot
1
1
lit
lit
col
col
1
1
1
1
res
res, bta, bab,
bpi, bc
res, bta, bpi
bab, bta
bta
col
col
col
col
col
col
lit
lit
lit
col
lit
lit
lit
col
col
col
lit
col
lit
col
bab, bta, bc
bta, bc
bta, bc
bta, bc, bpi
bta, bc
bta, bc
col
col
col
N
N
N
N
bta, bab, bc
bta
bta
bta
D
D
D
LC
LC
LC
bta
= Literatura/Literature
DD
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
bta, bab
bta, bc, bab
bta
lit
D,N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
bta
fot = Fotogrfico/Photographic
= Cocha/Oxbow lake
res = Restingas
ro
= Ro/River
Actividad/Activity
D
= Diurno/Diurnal
= Nocturno/Nocturnal
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD = Datos deficientes/Data
Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Baja preocupacin/Least
Concern
NA = No amenazado/Not
threatened
NE = No evaluado/Not Evaluated
VU = Vulnerable
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
437
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
Campamentos/Campsites
Wiswincho
Ranitomeya cyanovittata
Ranitomeya quinquevittata
Ranitomeya uakarii
Hemiphractidae (2)
Hemiphractus proboscideus
Hemiphractus scutatus
Hylidae (41)
Dendropsophus brevifrons
Dendropsophus haraldschultzi
Dendropsophus leali
Dendropsophus leucophyllatus
Dendropsophus marmoratus
Dendropsophus minutus
Dendropsophus miyatai
Dendropsophus parviceps
Dendropsophus rossalleni
Dendropsophus sarayacuensis
Dendropsophus timbeba
Dendropsophus triangulum
Cruziohyla craspedopus
Hypsiboas boans
Hypsiboas calcaratus
Hybsiboas aff. cinerascens*
Hypsiboas fasciatus
Hypsiboas geographicus
Hypsiboas lanciformis
Hypsiboas microderma
Hypsiboas nympha
Hypsiboas punctatus
Osteocephalus buckleyi
Osteocephalus cabrerai
Osteocephalus deridens
Osteocephalus aff. planiceps*
438
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Comunidades
aledaas/
Nearby
communities
Lote 179
(Linares-Palomino
et al. 2013a)
1
1
1
1
NE
NE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NE
1
1
1
1
1
1
NE
1
1
1
1
1
Osteocephalus taurinus
Osteocephalus yasuni
Phyllomedusa bicolor
Phyllomedusa tomopterna
Phyllomedusa vaillantii
Scinax cruentommus
Scinax garbei
Scinax funereus
Scinax iquitorum
Scinax pedromedinae
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NE
1
1
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
LEYENDA /LEGEND
col
lit
col
lit
col
Tipo de
vegetacin/
Vegetation
type
Actividad/
Activity
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
bab, bta
bta
D
D
D
NE
NE
LC
bab, bta
N
N
LC
LC
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
IUCN (2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Especie potencialmente
nueva/Potentially new
species
Comunidades aledaas/
Nearby communities
Fr
= Frontera
= Wicungo
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
lit
fot
fot
lit
col
lit
lit
col
lit
lit
lit
lit
lit
fot
col
col
lit
col
aud
col
col
fot
lit
col
col
col
col
1
1
1
1
col
col
lit
col
col
col
col
lit
lit
bpi
bpi
bpi
bpi
bpi
bta
bpi, bta
bpi
bpi
bpi, bta
bpi, bta
bpi
bta
bta, bab
res, bta, bab,
bpi, bc
res, bta, bab,
bpi, bc
res, bpi, bta
bpi
bpi, bta
bab
bpi, bta
bpi
col = Colectado/Collection
fot = Fotogrfico/Photographic
lit
= Literatura/Literature
= Cocha/Oxbow lake
res = Restingas
ro
= Ro/River
Actividad/Activity
D
= Diurno/Diurnal
= Nocturno/Nocturnal
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD = Datos deficientes/Data
Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Baja preocupacin/Least
Concern
NA = No amenazado/Not
threatened
NE = No evaluado/Not Evaluated
VU = Vulnerable
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
439
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
Campamentos/Campsites
Wiswincho
Scinax ruber
Scarthyla goinorum
Sphaenorynchus dorissae
Trachycephalus cunauaru
Trachycephalus typhonius
Leptodactylidae (12)
Adenomera andreae
Adenomera hylaedactyla
Engystomops freibergi
Leptodactylus diedrus
Leptodactylus discodactylus
Leptodactylus knudseni
Leptodactylus leptodactyloides
Leptodactylus mystaceus
Leptodactylus pentadactylus
Leptodactylus petersii
Leptodactylus rhodomystax
Litodythes lineatus
Microhylidae (8)
Chiasmocleis antenori
Chiasmocleis bassleri
Chiasmocleis magova
Chiasmocleis tridactyla
Chiasmocleis ventrimaculatus
Chiasmocleis sp. nov.*
Hamptophryne boliviana
Synapturanus rabus
Pipidae (1)
Pipa pipa
CAUDATA (2)
Plethodontidae (2)
Bolitoglossa altamazonica
Bolitoglossa peruviana
REPTILIA (72)
CROCODYLIA (3)
Alligatoridae (3)
Caiman crocodilus
Melanosuchus niger
Paleosuchus trigonatus
SQUAMATA (69)
Boidae (2)
Corallus hortulanus
Epicrates cenchria
440
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Comunidades
aledaas/
Nearby
communities
Lote 179
(Linares-Palomino
et al. 2013a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wi
Wi
1
1
1
1
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Tipo de
vegetacin/
Vegetation
type
bpi
Actividad/
Activity
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
IUCN (2014)
N
N
N
N
N
MINAGRI
(2014)
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
= Especie potencialmente
nueva/Potentially new
species
Comunidades aledaas/
Nearby communities
Fr
= Frontera
= Wicungo
1
1
col
lit
col
col
col
col
lit
col
col
lit
col
col
bta
D,N
D,N
bpi,bta
N
bpi, bta, bab
N
bpi, bab
D,N
bab
N
N
bta
N
bpi, bta, bab, bc N
N
bpi, bta, bab
N
bta, bc
N
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
col
col
lit
lit
lit
col
lit
col
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
lit
bta
bta
bpi
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
aud = Auditivo/Auditory
col = Colectado/Collection
fot = Fotogrfico/Photographic
lit
= Literatura/Literature
= Cocha/Oxbow lake
res = Restingas
ro
LC
LC
= Ro/River
Actividad/Activity
LC
= Diurno/Diurnal
= Nocturno/Nocturnal
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
col
lit
LC
LC
DD = Datos deficientes/Data
Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Baja preocupacin/Least
Concern
obs, fot
fot
obs, fot
bpi, co, ro
co
bta, bpi
D,N
D,N
N
LC
LC
LC
NT
NT
NA = No amenazado/Not
threatened
NE = No evaluado/Not Evaluated
VU = Vulnerable
col
obs, fot
bpi, bab
bpi
N
D,N
NE
NE
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
441
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
Campamentos/Campsites
Wiswincho
Chelidae (2)
Chelus fimbriatus
Platemys platycephala
Colubridae (29)
Atractus sp.
Chironius exoletus
Chironius fuscus
Chironius scurrulus
Dipsas catesbyi
Drepanoides anomalus
Drymarchon corais
Drymobius rombifer
Erythrolamprus reginae
Erythrolamprus typhlus
Helicops angulatus
Helicops leopardinus
Hydrops martii
Imantodes cenchoa
Leptodeira annulata
Oxyrhopus formosus
Oxyrhopus cf. guibei
Oxyrhopus melanogenys
Oxyrhopus petola
Philodryas argenteus
Philodryas georgeboulengeri
Philodryas viridissimus
Pseudoboa coronata
Rhinobothryum lentiginosum
Siphlophis compressus
Taeniophalus occipitalis
Xenodon rabdocephalus
Xenodon severus
Xenopholis scalaris
Dactyloidae (7)
Anolis fuscoauratus
Anolis
Anolis
Anolis
Anolis
Anolis
ortonii
punctatus
scypheus
tandai
trachyderma
Anolis transversalis
442
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Comunidades
aledaas/
Nearby
communities
Lote 179
(Linares-Palomino
et al. 2013a)
Fr
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
Actividad/
Activity
fot
col
bpi
bta
D
D
col
lit
col
fot
col
col
fot
lit
lit
col
col
col
fot
lit
lit
lit
lit
col
lit
lit
col
lit
lit
col
col
col
fot
lit
col
bpi
N
D
D
D
N
N
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
N
N
N
D
D
D
N
NE
NE
NE
LC
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
LC
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
col
NE
LC = Baja preocupacin/Least
Concern
D
D
D
D
D
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NA = No amenazado/Not
threatened
NE
IUCN (2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
Comunidades aledaas/
Nearby communities
Fr
1
1
1
= Especie potencialmente
nueva/Potentially new
species
Tipo de
vegetacin/
Vegetation
type
bab
bta
bta, bab
bta, bpi
bpi
bta, bpi
bpi
bpi
bpi
bta
bta
bc
bta
bta
bta
bta, bpi
NE
NE
= Frontera
= Wicungo
= Literatura/Literature
= Cocha/Oxbow lake
res = Restingas
ro
= Ro/River
Actividad/Activity
D
= Diurno/Diurnal
= Nocturno/Nocturnal
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD = Datos deficientes/Data
Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
col
col
fot
col
col
col
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
443
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
Campamentos/Campsites
Wiswincho
Elapidae (4)
Micrurus albicinctus
Micrurus hemprichii
Micrurus obscurus
Micrurus surinamensis
Gymnophthalmidae (9)
Alopoglossus angulatus
Alopoglossus atriventris
Alopoglossus buckleyi
Arthrosaura reticulata
Cercosaura argulus
Cercosaura sp.
Iphisa elegans
Potamites ecpleopus
Ptychoglossus brevifrontalis
Hoplocercidae (1)
Enyalioides laticeps
Phyllodactylidae (2)
Hemidactylus mabouia
Thecadactylus solimoensis
Podocnemididae (1)
Podocnemis unifilis
Scincidae (1)
Varzea altamazonica
Sphaerodactylidae (3)
Gonatodes hasemani
Gonatodes humeralis
Pseudogonatodes guianensis
Teiidae (3)
Ameiva ameiva
Kentropyx pelviceps
Tupinambis teguixin
Tropiduridae (1)
Plica umbra
Testudinidae (1)
Chelonoidis denticulata
Viperidae (3)
Bothrocophias hyoprora
Bothrops atrox
Bothrops brazili
444
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Comunidades
aledaas/
Nearby
communities
Lote 179
(Linares-Palomino
et al. 2013a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Lo, Fr
1
Lo
1
1
1
1
1
Wi
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Apndice/Appendix 6
Anfibios y Reptiles/
Amphibians and Reptiles
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Tipo de
vegetacin/
Vegetation
type
Actividad/
Activity
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
IUCN (2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
Comunidades aledaas/
Nearby communities
Fr
lit
lit
col
col
bta
bpi
= Especie potencialmente
nueva/Potentially new
species
= Frontera
N
N
N
N
NE
NE
NE
NE
LC
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
aud = Auditivo/Auditory
= Wicungo
1
1
col
lit
lit
lit
lit
col
col
col
col
bta
bta, bc
bpi, bta
bta
bta, bc
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D,N
D
col
bta
NE
N
N
NE
NE
NE
lit
lit
fot
ro
col
1
1
lit
col
col
NE
D
D
NE
LC
col = Colectado/Collection
fot = Fotogrfico/Photographic
lit
= Literatura/Literature
VU
co
= Cocha/Oxbow lake
res = Restingas
ro
= Ro/River
Actividad/Activity
D
= Diurno/Diurnal
= Nocturno/Nocturnal
NE
D
D
NE
NE
NE
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
lit
col
lit
col
NE
LC = Baja preocupacin/Least
Concern
fot
bta
VU
NA = No amenazado/Not
threatened
D,N
D,N
N
NE
NE
NE
DD = Datos deficientes/Data
Deficient
lit
col
col
VU = Vulnerable
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
445
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
Aves registradas por Brian J. OShea, Douglas F. Stotz, Percy Saboya del Castillo y Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza durante
el inventario rpido de los ros Tapiche y Blanco, Loreto, Per, del 10 al 25 de octubre de 2014. El apndice
tambin contiene observaciones no publicadas de R. Haven Wiley, Juan Daz Alvn y Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza
durante otros viajes a los ros Blanco y Tapiche.
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Tinamidae (8)
Tinamus major
Tinamus guttatus
Crypturellus cinereus
Crypturellus soui
Crypturellus undulatus
Crypturellus strigulosus
Crypturellus variegatus
Crypturellus bartletti
Anhimidae (1)
Anhima cornuta
Anatidae (2)
Cairina moschata
Anas discors
Cracidae (4)
Penelope jacquacu
Pipile cumanensis
Ortalis guttata
Mitu tuberosum
Odontophoridae (1)
Odontophorus stellatus
Ciconiidae (1)
Jabiru mycteria
Phalacrocoracidae (1)
Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Anhingidae (1)
Anhinga anhinga
Ardeidae (11)
Tigrisoma lineatum
Agamia agami
Cochlearius cochlearius
Zebrilus undulatus
Nycticorax nycticorax
Butorides striata
Bubulcus ibis
Ardea cocoi
Ardea alba
Pilherodius pileatus
Egretta thula
Threskiornithidae (1)
Mesembrinibis cayennensis
Cathartidae (5)
Cathartes aura
Cathartes burrovianus
446
Great Tinamou
White-throated Tinamou
Cinereous Tinamou
Little Tinamou
Undulated Tinamou
Brazilian Tinamou
Variegated Tinamou
Bartletts Tinamou
F
U
F
U
R
F
Anguila
U
F
F
R
R
U
F
F
Quebrada
Pobreza
R
F
F
R
U
Horned Screamer
Muscovy Duck
Blue-winged Teal
Spixs Guan
Blue-throated Piping-Guan
Speckled Chachalaca
Razor-billed Curassow
U
R
Starred Wood-Quail
R
F
R
R
Jabiru
Neotropic Cormorant
Anhinga
Rufescent Tiger-Heron
Agami Heron
Boat-billed Heron
Zigzag Heron
Black-crowned Night-Heron
Striated Heron
Cattle Egret
Cocoi Heron
Great Egret
Capped Heron
Snowy Egret
Green Ibis
Turkey Vulture
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture
R
R
Apndice/Appendix 7
Birds recorded by Brian OShea, Douglas F. Stotz, Percy Saboya del Castillo, and Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza during
the rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco river basin, Loreto, Peru, on 1025 October 2014. The appendix also
contains unpublished observations of R. Haven Wiley, Juan Daz Alvn, and Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza made during
previous trips along the Blanco and Tapiche rivers.
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
SF, TF
TF, V, SF
FF, SF, V
TF
SF, FF
TF, V, SF
TF
SF, TF
Daz Alvn
x
x
x
x
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
x
x
x
x
x
NT
x
x
TF, SF
SF
SF, V
x
x
x
Hbitats/Habitats
III
x
NT
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
SF, FF
x
x
x
x
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
x
x
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
TF, V
SF, FF
SF
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
SF
A
A, O
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
447
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Cathartes melambrotus
Coragyps atratus
Sarcoramphus papa
Accipitridae (16)
Pandion haliaetus
Chondrohierax uncinatus
Leptodon cayanensis
Elanoides forficatus
Spizaetus ornatus
Busarellus nigricollis
Helicolestes hamatus
Harpagus bidentatus
Ictinia plumbea
Accipiter superciliosus
Accipiter bicolor
Geranospiza caerulescens
Buteogallus schistaceus
Buteogallus urubitinga
Rupornis magnirostris
Leucopternis kuhli
Aramidae (1)
Aramus guarauna
Psophiidae (1)
Psophia leucoptera
Rallidae (4)
Aramides cajaneus
Laterallus melanophaius
Laterallus exilis
Porphyrio martinicus
Heliornithidae (1)
Heliornis fulica
Eurypygidae (1)
Eurypyga helias
Charadridae (2)
Vanellus cayanus
Vanellus chilensis
Scolopacidae (5)
Bartramia longicauda
Calidris melanotos
Actitis macularius
Tringa solitaria
Tringa melanoleuca
Jacanidae (1)
Jacana jacana
448
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
R
R
Limpkin
Pale-winged Trumpeter
Gray-necked Wood-Rail
Rufous-sided Crake
Gray-breasted Crake
Purple Gallinule
Sungrebe
Sunbittern
Pied Lapwing
Southern Lapwing
Upland Sandpiper
Pectoral Sandpiper
Spotted Sandpiper
Solitary Sandpiper
Greater Yellowlegs
Wattled Jacana
INFORME / REPORT NO. 27
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
O, TF
O
O
O
SF
FF
SF
O
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Daz Alvn
x
x
x
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
x
x
NT
x
x
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
x
x
x
V
FF
FF
V
TF
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
II
II
II
II
II
Hbitats/Habitats
A
II
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
II
II
II
II
x
x
SF
x
x
SF
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
x
SF, TF
NT
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
449
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Laridae (2)
Sternula superciliaris
Phaetusa simplex
Rynchopidae (1)
Rynchops niger
Columbidae (8)
Patagioenas cayennensis
Patagioenas plumbea
Patagioenas subvinacea
Geotrygon montana
Leptotila verreauxi
Leptotila rufaxilla
Columbina talpacoti
Claravis pretiosa
Opisthocomidae (1)
Opisthocomus hoazin
Cuculidae (7)
Coccycua minuta
Piaya cayana
Piaya melanogaster
Coccyzus americanus
Crotophaga major
Crotophaga ani
Dromococcyx pavoninus
Strigidae (8)
Megascops choliba
Megascops watsonii
Lophostrix cristata
Pulsatrix perspicillata
Ciccaba virgata/huhula
Ciccaba virgata
Glaucidium hardyi
Glaucidium brasilianum
Nyctibiidae (4)
Nyctibius grandis
Nyctibius aethereus
Nyctibius griseus
Nyctibius leucopterus
Caprimulgidae (6)
Chordeiles rupestris
Chordeiles minor
Lurocalis semitorquatus
Nyctipolus nigrescens
Nyctidromus albicollis
450
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Yellow-billed Tern
Large-billed Tern
Black Skimmer
Pale-vented Pigeon
Plumbeous Pigeon
Ruddy Pigeon
Ruddy Quail-Dove
White-tipped Dove
Gray-fronted Dove
Ruddy Ground Dove
Blue Ground Dove
Hoatzin
Little Cuckoo
Squirrel Cuckoo
Black-bellied Cuckoo
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Greater Ani
Smooth-billed Ani
Pavonine Cuckoo
Tropical Screech-Owl
Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl
Crested Owl
Spectacled Owl
Mottled/Black-banded Owl
Mottled Owl
Amazonian Pygmy-Owl
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
Great Potoo
Long-tailed Potoo
Common Potoo
White-winged Potoo
Sand-colored Nighthawk
Common Nighthawk
Short-tailed Nighthawk
Blackish Nightjar
Common Pauraque
U
F
F
F
F
U
F
U
F
F
U
F
U
U
U
R
F
R
R
R
U
R
R
U
U
U
U
R
F
U
R
R
U
R
R
U
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
x
x
Daz Alvn
x
x
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
SF
FF
SF, TF
TF, SF
SF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NT
TF
SF
TF
SF
TF
SF
SF, TF, V
V, TF
O
O
V
SF, TF
x
x
x
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
Hbitats/Habitats
A
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
x
x
FF
V
TF, SF
x
x
TF, V, SF
SF, FF, TF
TF, SF, V
II
II
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
II
II
II
II
x
x
VU
x
x
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
451
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Hydropsalis climacocerca
Apodidae (6)
Streptoprocne zonaris
Chaetura cinereiventris
Chaetura pelagica
Chaetura brachyura
Tachornis squamata
Panyptila cayennensis
Trochilidae (19)
Topaza pyra
Florisuga mellivora
Glaucis hirsutus
Threnetes leucurus
Phaethornis ruber
Phaethornis hispidus
Phaethornis philippii
Phaethornis malaris
Heliothryx auritus
Polytmus theresiae
Anthracothorax nigricollis
Heliodoxa aurescens
Heliomaster longirostris
Chlorostilbon mellisugus
Campylopterus largipennis
Thalurania furcata
Amazilia fimbriata
Chrysuronia oenone
Hylocharis cyanus
Trogonidae (7)
Pharomachrus pavoninus
Trogon melanurus
Trogon viridis
Trogon ramonianus
Trogon curucui
Trogon rufus
Trogon collaris
Alcedenidae (5)
Megaceryle torquata
Chloroceryle amazona
Chloroceryle americana
Chloroceryle inda
Chloroceryle aenea
Momotidae (3)
Electron platyrhynchum
452
Ladder-tailed Nightjar
White-collared Swift
Gray-rumped Swift
Chimney Swift
Short-tailed Swift
Fork-tailed Palm-Swift
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift
Fiery Topaz
White-necked Jacobin
Rufous-breasted Hermit
Pale-tailed Barbthroat
Reddish Hermit
White-bearded Hermit
Needle-billed Hermit
Great-billed Hermit
Black-eared Fairy
Green-tailed Goldenthroat
Black-throated Mango
Goulds Jewelfront
Long-billed Starthroat
Blue-tailed Emerald
Gray-breasted Sabrewing
Fork-tailed Woodnymph
Glittering-throated Emerald
Golden-tailed Sapphire
White-chinned Sapphire
Quebrada
Pobreza
R
F
U
F
U
R
R
R
R
R
R
U
F
R
F
U
U
U
R
U
F
U
R
F
U
R
F
R
U
R
R
R
R
F
R
U
Pavonine Quetzal
Black-tailed Trogon
Green-backed Trogon
Amazonian Trogon
Blue-crowned Trogon
Black-throated Trogon
Collared Trogon
F
U
F
U
U
R
U
Ringed Kingfisher
Amazon Kingfisher
Green Kingfisher
Green-and-rufous Kingfisher
American Pygmy Kingfisher
U
U
R
Broad-billed Motmot
Anguila
R
F
F
F
U
R
U
U
F
F
F
U
R
F
R
R
R
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
FF
O
O
O
O
x
x
x
x
SF
TF, SF
SF
SF
SF
TF, SF
SF, TF
TF
V
Daz Alvn
x
x
x
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
x
II
II
II
II
II
Hbitats/Habitats
A
x
x
x
x
II
II
II
II
x
x
x
x
x
SF, V
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
x
SF, TF
SF
V
SF
TF, SF
V
x
x
x
x
x
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
II
II
II
II
II
II
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
TF = Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forest
V
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
II
SF, TF
SF, TF, V
TF, SF, V
SF, TF
FF, SF
V, TF
SF, TF
x
x
x
x
x
A
A
A
A, SF
A, SF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
SF
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
453
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Baryphthengus martii
Momotus momota
Galbulidae (5)
Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis
Galbula cyanicollis
Galbula cyanescens
Galbula dea
Jacamerops aureus
Bucconidae (13)
Notharchus hyperrhynchus
Notharchus ordii
Notharchus tectus
Bucco macrodactylus
Bucco tamatia
Bucco capensis
Nystalus striolatus
Malacoptila semicincta
Nonnula rubecula
Nonnula ruficapilla
Monasa nigrifrons
Monasa morphoeus
Chelidoptera tenebrosa
Capitonidae (3)
Capito aurovirens
Capito auratus
Eubucco richardsoni
Ramphastidae (6)
Ramphastos tucanus
Ramphastos vitellinus
Selenidera reinwardtii
Pteroglossus inscriptus
Pteroglossus castanotis
Pteroglossus azara
Picidae (15)
Picumnus aurifrons
Picumnus castelnau
Melanerpes cruentatus
Veniliornis passerinus
Veniliornis affinis
Piculus flavigula
Piculus chrysochloros
Colaptes punctigula
Celeus grammicus
Celeus elegans
454
Rufous Motmot
Amazonian Motmot
R
F
White-eared Jacamar
Blue-cheeked Jacamar
Bluish-fronted Jacamar
Paradise Jacamar
Great Jacamar
U
R
U
F
F
White-necked Puffbird
Brown-banded Puffbird
Pied Puffbird
Chestnut-capped Puffbird
Spotted Puffbird
Collared Puffbird
Striolated Puffbird
Semicollared Puffbird
Rusty-breasted Nunlet
Rufous-capped Nunlet
Black-fronted Nunbird
White-fronted Nunbird
Swallow-winged Puffbird
R
U
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
F
U
F
R
F
U
F
U
U
U
U
F
R
R
U
U
R
R
R
U
F
U
Scarlet-crowned Barbet
Gilded Barbet
Lemon-throated Barbet
F
F
U
White-throated Toucan
Channel-billed Toucan
Golden-collared Toucanet
Lettered Aracari
Chestnut-eared Aracari
Ivory-billed Aracari
F
U
F
R
R
R
F
F
F
F
F
U
R
R
Bar-breasted Piculet
Plain-breasted Piculet
Yellow-tufted Woodpecker
Little Woodpecker
Red-stained Woodpecker
Yellow-throated Woodpecker
Golden-green Woodpecker
Spot-breasted Woodpecker
Scale-breasted Woodpecker
Chestnut Woodpecker
R
U
R
R
R
R
U
R
R
R
R
U
R
F
R
F
R
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
TF, V
SF
x
x
V
TF, SF
SF
TF, V, SF
SF
TF, SF
V, TF
SF
SF
SF, TF
TF
TF
SF
Ruelas Inzunza
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
Hbitats/Habitats
A
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
SF, FF
TF, V, SF
FF, SF
x
x
FF
TF, SF, V
SF, FF
x
x
x
x
x
TF, SF
TF, SF
TF, SF
FF
SF
SF, TF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
TF, V, SF
TF, SF
IUCN
(2014)
x
x
x
x
TF
V
V, FF
FF
TF, SF
TF
SF, TF
Daz Alvn
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
II
II
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
455
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Celeus flavus
Celeus torquatus
Dryocopus lineatus
Campephilus rubricollis
Campephilus melanoleucos
Falconidae (9)
Herpetotheres cachinnans
Micrastur ruficollis
Micrastur gilvicollis
Micrastur mirandollei
Micrastur semitorquatus
Ibycter americanus
Daptrius ater
Milvago chimachima
Falco rufigularis
Psittacidae (23)
Touit huetii
Touit purpuratus
Brotogeris sanctithomae
Brotogeris versicolurus
Brotogeris cyanoptera
Pyrilia barrabandi
Pionus menstruus
Graydidascalus brachyurus
Amazona ochrocephala
Amazona farinosa
Amazona amazonica
Forpus xanthopterygius
Forpus modestus
Pionites leucogaster
Pyrrhura roseifrons
Aratinga weddellii
Orthopsittaca manilatus
Primolius couloni
Ara ararauna
Ara macao
Ara chloropterus
Ara severus
Psittacara leucophthalmus
Thamnophilidae (52)
Euchrepomis humeralis
Cymbilaimus lineatus
Frederickena unduligera
Taraba major
456
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
Cream-colored Woodpecker
Ringed Woodpecker
Lineated Woodpecker
Red-necked Woodpecker
Crimson-crested Woodpecker
R
U
R
F
U
U
R
Laughing Falcon
Barred Forest-Falcon
Lined Forest-Falcon
Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon
Collared Forest-Falcon
Red-throated Caracara
Black Caracara
Yellow-headed Caracara
Bat Falcon
U
R
R
U
F
R
R
U
Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet
Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet
Tui Parakeet
White-winged Parakeet
Cobalt-winged Parakeet
Orange-cheeked Parrot
Blue-headed Parrot
Short-tailed Parrot
Yellow-crowned Parrot
Mealy Parrot
Orange-winged Parrot
Blue-winged Parrotlet
Dusky-billed Parrotlet
White-bellied Parrot
Rose-fronted Parakeet
Dusky-headed Parakeet
Red-bellied Macaw
Blue-headed Macaw
Blue-and-yellow Macaw
Scarlet Macaw
Red-and-green Macaw
Chestnut-fronted Macaw
White-eyed Parakeet
C
C
F
U
F
F
F
F
U
U
U
U
C
R
F
R
U
U
Chestnut-shouldered Antwren
Fasciated Antshrike
Undulated Antshrike
Great Antshrike
U
U
U
C
U
C
U
U
R
U
U
F
R
R
R
R
F
R
U
R
R
U
R
F
F
U
U
R
R
U
F
R
F
R
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
SF, FF
SF
SF
TF, SF
V
x
x
V, SF
TF, SF, V
TF
TF
TF
TF, SF
x
x
V, SF
Daz Alvn
Ruelas Inzunza
O
O, V
O
TF
TF, SF, V
TF, SF
O
O, V
O
O, SF, TF
O
O
O
O
TF, SF
TF, SF
SF
FF
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
VU
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Hbitats/Habitats
SF, TF, V
FF, O
O
O
O
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
x
x
NT
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
VU
II
II
II
II
II
I
II
I
II
II
II
x
x
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
II
NT
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
TF = Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forest
V
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
VU
NT
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
457
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Sakesphorus canadensis
Thamnophilus doliatus
Thamnophilus schistaceus
Thamnophilus murinus
Thamnophilus aethiops
Thamnophilus amazonicus
Neoctantes niger
Thamnomanes saturninus
Thamnomanes schistogynus
Isleria hauxwelli
Pygiptila stellaris
Epinecrophylla leucophthalma
Epinecrophylla haematonota
Epinecrophylla ornata
Myrmotherula brachyura
Myrmotherula ignota
Myrmotherula sclateri
Myrmotherula multostriata
Myrmotherula cherriei
Myrmotherula longicauda
Myrmotherula axillaris
Myrmotherula longipennis
Myrmotherula menetriesii
Microrhopias quixensis
Hypocnemis peruviana
Hypocnemis hypoxantha
Cercomacroides nigrescens
Cercomacroides serva
Cercomacra cinerascens
Myrmoborus leucophrys
Myrmoborus myotherinus
Myrmoborus melanurus
Hypocnemoides maculicauda
Sclateria naevia
Schistocichla schistacea
Schistocichla leucostigma
Myrmeciza hemimelaena
Myrmeciza atrothorax
Myrmeciza melanoceps
Myrmeciza hyperythra
Myrmeciza fortis
Gymnopithys salvini
Rhegmatorhina melanosticta
Hylophylax naevius
458
Black-crested Antshrike
Barred Antshrike
Plain-winged Antshrike
Mouse-colored Antshrike
White-shouldered Antshrike
Amazonian Antshrike
Black Bushbird
Saturnine Antshrike
Bluish-slate Antshrike
Plain-throated Antwren
Spot-winged Antshrike
White-eyed Antwren
Stipple-throated Antwren
Ornate Antwren
Pygmy Antwren
Moustached Antwren
Sclaters Antwren
Amazonian Streaked-Antwren
Cherries Antwren
Stripe-chested Antwren
White-flanked Antwren
Long-winged Antwren
Gray Antwren
Dot-winged Antwren
Peruvian Warbling-Antbird
Yellow-browed Antbird
Blackish Antbird
Black Antbird
Gray Antbird
White-browed Antbird
Black-faced Antbird
Black-tailed Antbird
Band-tailed Antbird
Silvered Antbird
Slate-colored Antbird
Spot-winged Antbird
Chestnut-tailed Antbird
Black-throated Antbird
White-shouldered Antbird
Plumbeous Antbird
Sooty Antbird
White-throated Antbird
Hairy-crested Antbird
Spot-backed Antbird
U
F
C
R
F
F
R
F
U
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
U
F
R
R
F
C
F
U
F
R
F
F
R
F
F
F
U
U
F
F
R
F
R
F
R
F
R
F
R
F
R
F
C
U
F
F
F
U
F
R
U
F
U
U
U
R
F
F
F
F
F
U
F
U
R
F
F
R
U
U
U
F
U
U
F
U
F
R
R
U
F
R
U
F
U
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
SF, TF
TF, V, SF
TF
V
SF
TF, V, SF
V, SF, TF
TF, V
TF, SF
TF
TF, SF, V
TF
SF, TF
SF, TF
TF, SF, V
SF, FF
V
TF, V, SF
TF, SF
TF, SF, V
M
TF
FF
TF, SF
TF, SF
SF
TF, SF, V
FF
FF, SF
SF
TF
SF
TF, V, SF
V, SF
SF
SF, FF
TF
TF, SF
TF
SF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Daz Alvn
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
x
x
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Hbitats/Habitats
x
x
x
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
M
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
TF = Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forest
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
x
x
x
VU
NT
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
459
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Hylophylax punctulatus
Willisornis poecilinotus
Phlegopsis nigromaculata
Phlegopsis erythroptera
Conopophagidae (1)
Conopophaga aurita
Grallaridae (1)
Myrmothera campanisona
Rhinocryptidae (1)
Liosceles thoracicus
Formicariidae (3)
Formicarius colma
Formicarius analis
Chamaeza nobilis
Furnariidae (35)
Sclerurus mexicanus
Sclerurus rufigularis
Sclerurus caudacutus
Sittasomus griseicapillus
Deconychura longicauda
Dendrocincla merula
Dendrocincla fuliginosa
Glyphorynchus spirurus
Dendrexetastes rufigula
Nasica longirostris
Dendrocolaptes certhia
Dendrocolaptes picumnus
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus
Xiphorhynchus obsoletus
Xiphorhynchus ocellatus
Xiphorhynchus elegans
Xiphorhynchus guttatus
Dendroplex picus
Dendroplex kienerii
Lepidocolaptes albolineatus
Xenops minutus
Berlepschia rikeri
Microxenops milleri
Philydor erythrocercum
Philydor erythropterum
Philydor pyrrhodes
Ancistrops strigilatus
Automolus ochrolaemus
Automolus subulatus
460
Dot-backed Antbird
Common Scale-backed Antbird
Black-spotted Bare-eye
Reddish-winged Bare-eye
U
F
R
Chestnut-belted Gnateater
Thrush-like Antpitta
Tawny-throated Leaftosser
Short-billed Leaftosser
Black-tailed Leaftosser
Olivaceous Woodcreeper
Long-tailed Woodcreeper
White-chinned Woodcreeper
Plain-brown Woodcreeper
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper
Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper
Long-billed Woodcreeper
Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper
Black-banded Woodcreeper
Strong-billed Woodcreeper
Striped Woodcreeper
Ocellated Woodcreeper
Elegant Woodcreeper
Buff-throated Woodcreeper
Straight-billed Woodcreeper
Zimmers Woodcreeper
Lineated Woodcreeper
Plain Xenops
Point-tailed Palmcreeper
Rufous-tailed Xenops
Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner
Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner
Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner
Chestnut-winged Hookbill
Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner
Striped Woodhaunter
R
F
R
U
Quebrada
Pobreza
R
F
Rusty-belted Tapaculo
Rufous-capped Antthrush
Black-faced Antthrush
Striated Antthrush
Anguila
U
R
R
F
F
F
F
F
R
F
U
F
F
R
R
U
R
U
R
U
U
F
R
R
U
R
F
R
U
U
F
R
U
U
U
R
R
F
F
R
R
R
F
F
F
F
U
U
U
R
U
F
U
U
R
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
SF, FF
TF, SF
SF
SF
x
x
x
Daz Alvn
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
TF
SF, TF
TF
TF, SF
SF
TF
x
x
TF
TF, V
TF
TF, SF
TF, SF
TF, SF
TF, SF
SF, TF
SF
SF, FF
SF, TF
SF, TF
SF
TF
TF, SF, V
SF, TF
V, SF
FF
SF, V
TF, SF
SF
TF, SF
TF
TF
TF
TF, SF
SF, TF
SF
x
x
x
x
Hbitats/Habitats
A
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
x
NT
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
x
NT
x
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
461
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Automolus infuscatus
Metopothrix aurantiaca
Cranioleuca gutturata
Certhiaxis mustelinus
Synallaxis gujanensis
Synallaxis rutilans
Tyrannidae (62)
Tyrannulus elatus
Myiopagis gaimardii
Myiopagis caniceps
Myiopagis flavivertex
Ornithion inerme
Camptostoma obsoletum
Phaeomyias murina
Capsiempis flaveola
Corythopis torquatus
Zimmerius gracilipes
Mionectes oleagineus
Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Sublegatus obscurior
Myiornis ecaudatus
Lophotriccus vitiosus
Hemitriccus griseipectus
Hemitriccus iohannis
Hemitriccus minimus
Poecilotriccus latirostris
Todirostrum maculatum
Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum
Cnipodectes subbrunneus
Rhynchocyclus olivaceus
Tolmomyias sulphurescens
Tolmomyias assimilis
Tolmomyias poliocephalus
Tolmomyias flaviventris
Platyrinchus coronatus
Platyrinchus platyrhynchos
Onychorhynchus coronatus
Myiobius barbatus
Terenotriccus erythrurus
Neopipo cinnamomea
Lathrotriccus euleri
Cnemotriccus fuscatus duidae
Contopus virens
Pyrocephalus rubinus
462
Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner
Orange-fronted Plushcrown
Speckled Spinetail
Red-and-white Spinetail
Plain-crowned Spinetail
Ruddy Spinetail
Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet
Forest Elaenia
Gray Elaenia
Yellow-crowned Elaenia
White-lored Tyrannulet
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet
Mouse-colored Tyrannulet
Yellow Tyrannulet
Ringed Antpipit
Slender-footed Tyrannulet
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher
Sepia-capped Flycatcher
Amazonian Scrub-Flycatcher
Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant
Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant
White-bellied Tody-Tyrant
Johanness Tody-Tyrant
Zimmers Tody-Tyrant
Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher
Spotted Tody-Flycatcher
Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher
Brownish Twistwing
Olivaceous Flatbill
Yellow-olive Flycatcher
Yellow-margined Flycatcher
Gray-crowned Flycatcher
Yellow-breasted Flycatcher
Golden-crowned Spadebill
White-crested Spadebill
Royal Flycatcher
Whiskered Flycatcher
Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher
Cinnamon Manakin-Tyrant
Eulers Flycatcher
Fuscous Flycatcher
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Vermilion Flycatcher
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
R
F
F
U
R
R
F
C
R
F
F
U
R
F
F
U
F
U
U
F
U
F
R
R
F
U
R
F
U
R
U
F
F
R
F
U
R
U
U
U
U
F
R
U
R
U
F
R
U
U
U
R
F
R
F
F
U
R
R
F
R
R
F
U
R
R
U
R
F
U
U
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
TF
x
x
Daz Alvn
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
TF
x
x
V
V, SF, FF
M
TF, SF
FF
SF, TF
V
V
V
TF, SF
SF, TF
TF, SF
TF, SF
SF
TF, SF, V
TF, SF, V
FF
V
FF
FF, SF
TF, V
TF
FF
M
M
FF
SF
TF, SF
SF
SF, TF
SF, TF, V
V, TF
SF
V
SF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Hbitats/Habitats
A
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
NT
x
x
x
x
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
x
x
x
x
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
463
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Ochthornis littoralis
Arundinicola leucocephala
Legatus leucophaius
Myiozetetes similis
Myiozetetes granadensis
Myiozetetes luteiventris
Pitangus lictor
Pitangus sulphuratus
Conopias parvus
Myiodynastes luteiventris
Megarynchus pitangua
Tyrannopsis sulphurea
Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus
Tyrannus melancholicus
Tyrannus savana
Tyrannus tyrannus
Rhytipterna simplex
Sirystes albocinereus
Myiarchus tuberculifer
Myiarchus (swainsoni)
Myiarchus ferox
Ramphotrigon ruficauda
Attila cinnamomeus
Attila citriniventris
Attila spadiceus
Cotingidae (8)
Querula purpurata
Cephalopterus ornatus
Cotinga maynana
Cotinga cayana
Lipaugus vociferans
Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema
Xipholena punicea
Gymnoderus foetidus
Pipridae (11)
Tyranneutes stolzmanni
Chiroxiphia pareola
Xenopipo atronitens
Lepidothrix coronata
Heterocercus aurantiivertex
Manacus manacus
Pipra filicauda
Machaeropterus regulus
Dixiphia pipra
464
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
R
F
R
R
R
F
C
R
R
U
R
F
U
F
F
F
R
F
U
F
F
R
R
F
R
U
F
R
F
U
F
U
Purple-throated Fruitcrow
Amazonian Umbrellabird
Plum-throated Cotinga
Spangled Cotinga
Screaming Piha
Purple-throated Cotinga
Pompadour Cotinga
Bare-necked Fruitcrow
U
R
C
R
C
R
U
Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin
Blue-backed Manakin
Black Manakin
Blue-crowned Manakin
Orange-crowned Manakin
White-bearded Manakin
Wire-tailed Manakin
Striped Manakin
White-crowned Manakin
F
U
C
C
R
F
U
U
U
U
C
U
F
U
F
F
U
C
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
FF
SF, TF
SF, TF
FF
FF
V, TF, SF
TF
FF
V
V, SF
V, SF
SF
TF, SF
TF, V
SF, TF
V
FF
SF, V, TF
SF
TF, V, SF
SF, TF
TF, SF
FF, SF
SF
TF, SF, V
SF
SF
TF, SF, V
SF
V
TF
V, SF
SF, FF
TF, V, SF
TF, SF, V
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Daz Alvn
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
Hbitats/Habitats
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
TF = Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forest
x
x
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
465
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Ceratopipra rubrocapilla
Piprites chloris
Tityridae (11)
Tityra inquisitor
Tityra cayana
Tityra semifasciata
Schiffornis major
Schiffornis turdina
Laniocera hypopyrra
Iodopleura isabellae
Pachyramphus castaneus
Pachyramphus polychopterus
Pachyramphus marginatus
Pachyramphus minor
Vireonidae (8)
Cyclarhis gujanensis
Vireolanius leucotis
Vireo olivaceus
Vireo flavoviridis
Hylophilus thoracicus
Hylophilus semicinereus
Tunchiornis ochraceiceps
Pachysylvia hypoxantha
Corvidae (1)
Cyanocorax violaceus
Hirundinidae (9)
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Atticora fasciata
Atticora tibialis
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Progne tapera
Progne chalybea
Progne elegans
Tachycineta albiventer
Riparia riparia
Troglodytidae (6)
Microcerculus marginatus
Troglodytes aedon
Campylorhynchus turdinus
Pheugopedius genibarbis
Cantorchilus leucotis
Cyphorhinus arada
Polioptilidae (2)
Ramphocaenus melanurus
466
Red-headed Manakin
Wing-barred Piprites
Black-crowned Tityra
Black-tailed Tityra
Masked Tityra
Varzea Schiffornis
Brown-winged Schiffornis
Cinereous Mourner
White-browed Purpletuft
Chestnut-crowned Becard
White-winged Becard
Black-capped Becard
Pink-throated Becard
F
F
R
U
R
R
F
U
F
F
F
U
R
R
R
R
R
R
U
R
F
Violaceous Jay
Scaly-breasted Wren
House Wren
Thrush-like Wren
Moustached Wren
Buff-breasted Wren
Musician Wren
Long-billed Gnatwren
Quebrada
Pobreza
R
F
Rufous-browed Peppershrike
Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo
Red-eyed Vireo
Yellow-green Vireo
Lemon-chested Greenlet
Gray-chested Greenlet
Tawny-crowned Greenlet
Dusky-capped Greenlet
Blue-and-white Swallow
White-banded Swallow
White-thighed Swallow
Southern Rough-winged Swallow
Brown-chested Martin
Gray-breasted Martin
Southern Martin
White-winged Swallow
Bank Swallow
Anguila
R
F
R
U
R
F
R
U
F
R
F
F
R
F
R
F
U
F
U
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
TF, SF
TF, SF
SF
FF
V, TF
TF, V, SF
TF
SF
SF
TF
TF
Daz Alvn
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
TF, SF
M
x
x
SF
FF
FF
FF
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
TF
SF
SF
FF
TF
x
x
x
SF, TF
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
x
x
x
FF
TF, SF
SF, TF
SF
M
FF
Hbitats/Habitats
x
x
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
TF = Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forest
V
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
467
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Polioptila plumbea
Donacobiidae (1)
Donacobius atricapilla
Turdidae (5)
Catharus ustulatus
Turdus hauxwelli
Turdus lawrencii
Turdus ignobilis
Turdus albicollis
Thraupidae (38)
Paroaria gularis
Cissopis leverianus
Lamprospiza melanoleuca
Nemosia pileata
Eucometis penicillata
Tachyphonus rufiventer
Tachyphonus surinamus
Tachyphonus luctuosus
Lanio versicolor
Ramphocelus nigrogularis
Ramphocelus carbo
Thraupis episcopus
Thraupis palmarum
Tangara xanthogastra
Tangara mexicana
Tangara chilensis
Tangara velia
Tangara callophrys
Tangara gyrola
Tangara schrankii
Tersina viridis
Dacnis lineata
Dacnis flaviventer
Dacnis cayana
Cyanerpes nitidus
Cyanerpes caeruleus
Cyanerpes cyaneus
Chlorophanes spiza
Hemithraupis flavicollis
Volatinia jacarina
Sporophila bouvronides
Sporophila castaneiventris
Sporophila angolensis
Sporophila luctuosa
468
Tropical Gnatcatcher
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
R
U
F
R
F
U
R
F
R
F
U
U
U
F
R
R
Black-capped Donacobius
Swainsons Thrush
Hauxwells Thrush
Lawrences Thrush
Black-billed Thrush
White-necked Thrush
Red-capped Cardinal
Magpie Tanager
Red-billed Pied Tanager
Hooded Tanager
Gray-headed Tanager
Yellow-crested Tanager
Fulvous-crested Tanager
White-shouldered Tanager
White-winged Shrike-Tanager
Masked Crimson Tanager
Silver-beaked Tanager
Blue-gray Tanager
Palm Tanager
Yellow-bellied Tanager
Turquoise Tanager
Paradise Tanager
Opal-rumped Tanager
Opal-crowned Tanager
Bay-headed Tanager
Green-and-gold Tanager
Swallow Tanager
Black-faced Dacnis
Yellow-bellied Dacnis
Blue Dacnis
Short-billed Honeycreeper
Purple Honeycreeper
Red-legged Honeycreeper
Green Honeycreeper
Yellow-backed Tanager
Blue-black Grassquit
Lessons Seedeater
Chestnut-bellied Seedeater
Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch
Black-and-white Seedeater
R
R
R
R
R
U
U
F
R
F
R
F
R
R
F
U
U
F
U
C
U
R
R
U
C
R
R
U
U
F
U
U
R
U
F
U
R
U
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
TF, SF
TF, SF
SF
SF, TF
V
TF, SF
SF, FF
SF, FF
TF
SF
TF, SF
TF, SF
TF
TF
TF, SF
SF
SF
V, SF
SF
TF
TF, SF, V
V, SF
SF, TF
TF
x
x
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
x
x
x
x
Hbitats/Habitats
A
x
x
x
x
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
TF = Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forest
V
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Ruelas Inzunza
x
SF
TF
FF
FF
TF, SF
SF, TF
SF
TF, SF
Daz Alvn
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
469
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
AVES / BIRDS
Campamento/Campsite
Wiswincho
Coereba flaveola
Saltator maximus
Saltator coerulescens
Saltator grossus
Emberizidae (1)
Ammodramus aurifrons
Cardinalidae (3)
Piranga olivacea
Habia rubica
Cyanocompsa cyanoides
Parulidae (1)
Myiothlypis fulvicauda
Icteridae (16)
Psarocolius angustifrons
Psarocolius decumanus
Psarocolius bifasciatus
Cacicus solitarius
Cacicus cela
Cacicus latirostris
Cacicus haemorrhous
Icterus croconotus
Icterus cayanensis
Gymnomystax mexicanus
Lampropsar tanagrinus
Chrysomus icterocephalus
Molothrus oryzivorus
Molothrus bonariensis
Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Sturnella militaris
Fringillidae (6)
Euphonia chlorotica
Euphonia laniirostris
Euphonia chrysopasta
Euphonia minuta
Euphonia xanthogaster
Euphonia rufiventris
No. total de especies/Total species no.
470
Bananaquit
Buff-throated Saltator
Grayish Saltator
Slate-colored Grosbeak
Anguila
R
R
U
U
Quebrada
Pobreza
Yellow-browed Sparrow
Scarlet Tanager
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager
Blue-black Grosbeak
Buff-rumped Warbler
Russet-backed Oropendola
Crested Oropendola
Olive Oropendola
Solitary Black Cacique
Yellow-rumped Cacique
Band-tailed Oropendola
Red-rumped Cacique
Orange-backed Troupial
Epaulet Oriole
Oriole Blackbird
Velvet-fronted Grackle
Yellow-hooded Blackbird
Giant Cowbird
Shiny Cowbird
Bobolink
Red-breasted Blackbird
Purple-throated Euphonia
Thick-billed Euphonia
Golden-bellied Euphonia
White-vented Euphonia
Orange-bellied Euphonia
Rufous-bellied Euphonia
R
R
R
R
F
U
F
U
U
U
F
R
R
F
270
F
203
U
R
R
U
F
323
Apndice/Appendix 7
Aves/Birds
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Habitats
Otras observaciones/
Other observations
Wiley et al.
(1997)
V
SF
SF, TF
Ruelas Inzunza
IUCN
(2014)
CITES
(2014)
MINAGRI
(2014)
x
x
x
x
= Presente (estatus
desconocido)/Present (status
uncertain)
x
x
x
Hbitats/Habitats
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
FF = Vrzea e igap/Flooded
forest
SF
SF, TF
SF
SF, TF
SF
TF, SF
SF
FF, SF, TF
x
SF
TF, SF
SF
Daz Alvn
Abundancia/Abundance
Estado de conservacin/
Conservation status
= Aire/Overhead
SF = Bosque de pantano/Swamp
forest
TF = Bosque de tierra firme/
Upland forest
x
x
= Varillales y chamizales/
White-sand forest
x
x
x
V
SF
FF
SF, TF
TF, SF
x
x
x
x
x
312
x
275
111
11
61
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
471
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
Mamferos registrados por Mario Escobedo y asistentes locales durante un inventario rpido del interfluvio de
Tapiche-Blanco, en Loreto, Per, del 9 al 24 de octubre de 2014. El listado tambin incluye especies esperadas
para la zona segn su rango de distribucin estimado por la UICN (IUCN 2014) pero que todava no han sido
registradas all, as como especies registradas durante las visitas a las comunidades por el equipo social. El orden,
nomenclatura cientfica y nombres comunes en castellano siguen Pacheco et al. (2009). Los nombres comunes
Capanahua fueron recogidos en las comunidades del alto Tapiche. Los nombres comunes en ingls son de IUCN
(2014) y de Simmons (2005) para los murcilagos.
MAMFEROS / MAMMALS
Nombre cientfico/
Scientific name
DIDELPHIMORPHIA (15)
Didelphidae (15)
Caluromys lanatus
Chironectes minimus
Didelphis marsupialis
Hyladelphys kalinowskii
Marmosa (Micoureus) regina
Marmosa lepida
Marmosa murina
Marmosa rubra
Marmosops neblina
Marmosops noctivagus
Metachirus nudicaudatus
Monodelphis emiliae
Philander andersoni
Philander mcilhennyi
Philander opossum
SIRENIA (1)
Trichechidae (1)
Trichechus inunguis
CINGULATA (4)
Dasypodidae (4)
Cabassous unicinctus
Dasypus kappleri
Dasypus novemcinctus
Priodontes maximus
PILOSA (6)
Bradypodidae (1)
Bradypus variegatus
Megalonychidae (2)
Choloepus didactylus
Choloepus hoffmanni
Ciclopedidae (1)
Cyclopes didactylus
Myrmecophagidae (2)
Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Tamandua tetradactyla
PRIMATES (17)
Callitrichidae (4)
Callimico goeldii
Callithrix pygmaea
Saguinus fuscicollis
Saguinus mystax
472
Nombre comn
en Capanahua/
Common name
in Capanahua
Zarigeyita lanuda
Zarigeyita acutica
Intuto, zorro
Marmosa de Kalinowski
Comadrejita marsupial reina
Comadrejita marsupial radiante
Comadrejita marsupial ratona
Comadrejita marsupial rojiza
Raposa chica del Cerro Neblina
Comadrejita marsupial noctmbula
Rata marsupial de cuatro ojos
Colicorto marsupial de Emilia
Zarigeyita negra de Anderson
Zarigeyita de cola poblada
Zarigeyita gris de cuatro ojos
Vaca marina
Yahuishi, an
Pan
Na
Brown-throated sloth
Na
Shita na, na jush
Pelejo
Pelejo
Nain pishca
Serafn, intepelejo
Silky anteater
Shac
Isib
Giant anteater
Southern tamandua
Shipi
Shipi
Shipi
Shipi
Goeldis monkey
Western pygmy marmoset
Saddleback tamarin
Moustached tamarin
Yahuishi, pishca
iz
pishca
uisuni
uisuni
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mammals recorded by Mario Escobedo and local field assistants during a rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco
region, in Loreto, Peru, on 924 October 2014. The list also includes species that are expected to occur in the
area based on their estimated geographic ranges (IUCN 2014) but that have not yet been recorded there, as well
as species recorded during the social inventory of nearby communities. Sequence and nomenclature follow
Pacheco et al. (2009). Capanahua common names were collected in communities of the upper Tapiche. English
common names are from IUCN (2014) except for bats, which are from Simmons (2005).
Mamferos/Mammals
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Registros/Records
Esperada/
Expected
ba
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
= Baadero/Wallow
cam = Camino/Trail
cap = Captura/Capture
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
IUCN (2014)
x
od
x
x
x
x
x
x
fo
x
x
x
x
x
x
ma
x
ma, hu, ca
od
od
fo
= Foto/Photo
hu
= Huellas/Tracks
od
= Observacin directa/
Direct observation
ol
= Olor/Smell
vo
= Vocalizacin/Call
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU
VU
x
x
LC
LC
III
LC
VU
LC
VU
II
VU
VU
I
II
II
II
LC
LC
= Cmara trampa/
Camera trap
DD = Datos Insuficientes/
Data Deficient
II
= Comedero/Feeding sign
ct
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
LC
ol
od
od
od, fo
LC
LC
LC
VU
co
ma = Madriguera/Den
co
od
od, fo
od, fo
CITES
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
ma
MINAG (2014)
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
VU = Vulnerable
473
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
MAMFEROS / MAMMALS
Nombre cientfico/
Scientific name
Cebidae (4)
Cebus unicolor
Sapajus macrocephalus
Saimiri boliviensis
Saimiri macrodon
Aotidae (1)
Aotus nancymaae
Pithecidae (4)
Cacajao calvus
Callicebus cupreus
Callicebus aff. cupreus rojo
Pithecia monachus
Atelidae (4)
Alouatta seniculus
Ateles chamek
Lagothrix poeppigii
RODENTIA (37)
Sciuridae (5)
Microsciurus flaviventer
Sciurillus pusillus
Sciurus ignitus
Sciurus igniventris
Sciurus spadiceus
Erethizontidae (1)
Coendou bicolor
Dinomyidae (1)
Dinomys branickii
Caviidae (1)
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Dasyproctidae (2)
Dasyprocta fuliginosa
Myoprocta pratti
Cuniculidae (1)
Cuniculus paca
Nombre comn
en Capanahua/
Common name
in Capanahua
Jushu shin
Shino iz
Wa sa
Wa sa
Machn blanco
Machn negro
Fraile
Fraile
Rir
Zit
Na hu jushiri
Na hu jushiri
Issi, nan
Huapo rojo
Tocn
Tocn
Huapo negro
Red uakari
Red titi monkey
Red titi monkey
Geoffroys monk saki
Ru
Iss
Iss cr
Mono coto
Maquisapa
Mono choro
Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla
Cashcushillo
Bicolor-spined porcupine
Issa
An huai suni
Pacarana
Amec
Ronsoco
Capybara
Mari
San, ca
Auje
Punchana
Black agouti
Green agouti
An
Majaz
Paca
Cricetidae (17)
Euryoryzomys macconnelli
Euryoryzomys nitidus
Holochilus sciureus
Hylaeamys perenensis
Hylaeamys yunganus
Neacomys spinosus
Nectomys apicalis
Nectomys rattus
474
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Esperada/
Expected
Registros/Records
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
ba
= Baadero/Wallow
cam = Camino/Trail
Wiswincho
od, fo
od, fo, vo
Anguila
od
od
Quebrada
Pobreza
IUCN (2014)
MINAG (2014)
od, fo
od
od
LC
LC
LC
LC
vo
vo
vo
LC
od, fo
vo
od
od, fo
od, fo
od, fo
od, fo
od
VU
LC
od
LC
vo
od,
vo
od
od, fo
LC
EN
VU
VU
EN
VU
od
od
od
DD
DD
DD
LC
LC
DD
od
x
od
vo
od, fo
x
od
x
od
x
LC
VU
VU
CITES
cap = Captura/Capture
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
co
= Comedero/Feeding sign
ct
= Cmara trampa/
Camera trap
fo
= Foto/Photo
hu
= Huellas/Tracks
ma = Madriguera/Den
od
= Observacin directa/
Direct observation
ol
= Olor/Smell
vo
= Vocalizacin/Call
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD = Datos Insuficientes/
Data Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU = Vulnerable
VU
LC
od
hu, cam,
ma
hu, cam,
ma
hu, ct
ct
LC
LC
hu, cam,
ma, ct
LC
x
fo
x
x
x
x
x
x
III
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
475
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
MAMFEROS / MAMMALS
Nombre cientfico/
Scientific name
Nombre comn
en Capanahua/
Common name
in Capanahua
Oecomys bicolor
Oecomys concolor
Oecomys roberti
Oecomys superans
Oecomys trinitatis
Oligoryzomys microtis
Rhipidomys leucodactylus
Scolomys ucayalensis
Echimyidae (8)
Dactylomys dactylinus
Mesomys hispidus
Isothrix bistriata
Makalata macrura
Proechimys brevicauda
Proechimys cuvieri
Proechimys simonsi
Proechimys steerei
Leporidae (1)
Sylvilagus brasiliensis
CHIROPTERA (104)
Moormopidae (3)
Pteronotus gymnonotus
Pteronotus parnellii
Pteronotus personatus
Furipteridae (1)
Furipterus horrens
Emballonuridae (11)
Centronycteris centralis
Centronycteris maximiliani
Cormura brevirostris
Diclidurus albus
Peropteryx kappleri
Peropteryx leucoptera
Peropteryx macrotis
Rhynchonycteris naso
Saccopteryx bilineata
Saccopteryx canescens
Saccopteryx leptura
Noctilionidae (2)
Noctilio albiventris
Noctilio leporinus
Phyllostomidae (60)
Phyllostominae (22)
Micronycteris brosseti
476
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
Sacha
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
cuy
Conejo
Tapeti
Thumbless bat
Murcilago peludo
Murcilago velludo de Maximiliano
Murcilago de saco ventral
Murcilago blanco comn
Murcilago de sacos de kappler
Murcilago de sacos aliblanco
Murcilago de sacos orejudo
Murcielaguito narigudo
Murcielaguito negro de listas
Murcielaguito de listas difusas
Murcielaguito pardo de listas
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Esperada/
Expected
Registros/Records
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
ba
= Baadero/Wallow
cam = Camino/Trail
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
IUCN (2014)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MINAG (2014)
CITES
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LC
LC
cap = Captura/Capture
co
= Comedero/Feeding sign
ct
= Cmara trampa/
Camera trap
fo
= Foto/Photo
hu
= Huellas/Tracks
ma = Madriguera/Den
od
= Observacin directa/
Direct observation
ol
= Olor/Smell
vo
= Vocalizacin/Call
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD = Datos Insuficientes/
Data Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU = Vulnerable
od, of
x
x
x
LC
LC
LC
LC
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
od
x
x
vo, od
x
x
LC
LC
DD
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
477
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
MAMFEROS / MAMMALS
Nombre cientfico/
Scientific name
Nombre comn
en Capanahua/
Common name
in Capanahua
Micronycteris hirsuta
Micronycteris megalotis
Micronycteris minuta
Micronycteris schmidtorum
Glyphonycteris daviesi
Glyphonycteris sylvestris
Trinycteris nicefori
Lophostoma brasiliense
Lophostoma carrikeri
Lophostoma silvicolum
Tonatia saurophila
Mimon crenulatum
Macrophyllum macrophyllum
Phyllostomus discolor
Phyllostomus elongatus
Phyllostomus hastatus
Lonchorhina aurita
Phylloderma stenops
Trachops cirrhosus
Chrotopterus auritus
Vampyrum spectrum
Glossophaginae (7)
Anoura caudifer
Glossophaga commissarisi
Glossophaga soricina
Lichonycteris degener
Lionycteris spurrelli
Lonchophylla thomasi
Choeroniscus minor
Carolliinae (5)
Carollia brevicauda
Carollia benkeithi
Carollia perspicillata
Rhinophylla fischerae
Rhinophylla pumilio
Sturnirinae (3)
Sturnira lilium
Sturnira magna
Sturnira tildae
Stenodermatinae (18)
Artibeus anderseni
Artibeus concolor
478
Murcilago
Murcilago
Murcilago
Murcilago
Fischer
Murcilago
frutero colicorto
frutero
frutero comn
pequeo frutero de
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Esperada/
Expected
Registros/Records
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
ba
= Baadero/Wallow
cam = Camino/Trail
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
IUCN (2014)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
cap, fo
x
x
cap, fo
cap, fo
od, vo
x
x
cap, fo
cap, fo
x
x
x
x
cap, fo
MINAG (2014)
CITES
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
cap = Captura/Capture
co
= Comedero/Feeding sign
ct
= Cmara trampa/
Camera trap
fo
= Foto/Photo
hu
= Huellas/Tracks
ma = Madriguera/Den
od
= Observacin directa/
Direct observation
ol
= Olor/Smell
vo
= Vocalizacin/Call
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD = Datos Insuficientes/
Data Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU = Vulnerable
LC
LC
LC
x
cap, fo
x
x
x
x
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
x
x
LC
LC
LC
x
x
LC
LC
cap, fo
cap, fo
LC
LC
LC
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
479
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
MAMFEROS / MAMMALS
Nombre cientfico/
Scientific name
Nombre comn
en Capanahua/
Common name
in Capanahua
Artibeus gnomus
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus obscurus
Artibeus planirostris
Chiroderma trinitatum
Chiroderma villosum
Mesophylla macconnelli
Platyrrhinus brachycephalus
Platyrrhinus incarum
Platyrrhinus infuscus
Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum
Uroderma bilobatum
Uroderma magnirostrum
Vampyressa thyone
Vampyriscus bidens
Vampyrodes caraccioli
Desmodontinae (3)
Desmodus rotundus
Diaemus youngi
Diphylla ecaudata
Thyropteridae (2)
Thyroptera discifera
Thyroptera tricolor
Vespertilionidae (9)
Eptesicus brasiliensis
Eptesicus furinalis
Lasiurus blossevillii
Lasiurus cinereus
Lasiurus ega
Myotis albescens
Myotis nigricans
Myotis riparius
Myotis simus
Molossidae (17)
Cynomops abrasus
Cynomops paranus
Cynomops planirostris
Eumops auripendulus
480
Vampiro comn
Vampiro aliblanco
Vampiro peludo
Murcilago parduzco
Murcilago pardo menor
Murcilago rojizo
Murcilago escarchado
Murcilago amarillento
Murcielaguito plateado
Murcilago negruzco comn
Murcielaguito acanelado
Murcilago vespertino aterciopelado
Murcilago
Murcilago
Murcilago
blanco
Murcilago
de cola libre
cara de perro de Par
de cola libre de vientre
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Esperada/
Expected
Registros/Records
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
ba
= Baadero/Wallow
cam = Camino/Trail
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
IUCN (2014)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
CITES
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
x
x
LC
LC
x
x
x
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
x
x
x
DD
DD
LC
LC
cap = Captura/Capture
co
= Comedero/Feeding sign
ct
= Cmara trampa/
Camera trap
fo
= Foto/Photo
hu
= Huellas/Tracks
ma = Madriguera/Den
LC
DD
LC
LC
cap, fo
MINAG (2014)
od
= Observacin directa/
Direct observation
ol
= Olor/Smell
vo
= Vocalizacin/Call
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD
DD = Datos Insuficientes/
Data Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
cap, fo
NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU = Vulnerable
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
481
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
MAMFEROS / MAMMALS
Nombre cientfico/
Scientific name
Eumops bonariensis
Eumops glaucinus
Eumops hansae
Eumops perotis
Eumops trumbulli
Molossops neglectus
Molossops temminckii
Molossus coibensis
Molossus molossus
Molossus rufus
Nyctinomops macrotis
Promops centralis
Promops nasutus
CARNIVORA (17)
Canidae (2)
Atelocynus microtis
Speothos venaticus
Procyonidae (4)
Bassaricyon alleni
Nasua nasua
Potos flavus
Procyon cancrivorus
Mustelidae (5)
Eira barbara
Galictis vittata
Lontra longicaudis
Mustela africana
Pteronura brasiliensis
Felidae (6)
Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus tigrinus
Leopardus wiedii
Panthera onca
Puma concolor
Puma yagouaroundi
PERISSODACTYLA (1)
Tapiridae (1)
Tapirus terrestris
CETARTIODACTYLA (6)
Platanistidae (1)
Inia geoffrensis
Delphinidae (1)
Sotalia fluviatilis
482
Nombre comn
en Capanahua/
Common name
in Capanahua
Short-eared dog
Bush dog
Allens olingo
Coati
Kinkajou
Crab-eating raccoon
Manco
Hurn grande, grisn
Nutria
Comadreja rayada
Lobo de ro
Tayra
Greater grison
Neotropical otter
Amazon weasel
Giant otter
Inu, an
Chasu, in
Wi si, in
Tigrillo
Tigrillo
Tigrillo
Otorongo
Puma
Aushi puma
Ocelot
Oncilla
Margay
Jaguar
Puma
Jaguarundi
Ahua
Sachavaca
Lowland tapir
Bufeo colorado
Boto
Bufeo gris
Tucuxi
Uchiti
Uchiti
Shi shi
Mash
Buca
In bus
Ne, an
Cutsino
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Esperada/
Expected
Registros/Records
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
ba
= Baadero/Wallow
cam = Camino/Trail
Wiswincho
Anguila
Quebrada
Pobreza
IUCN (2014)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ct
NT
NT
od, vo
od
ct
od
od, ct
x
co
od, f
co
x
x
hu
ct
CITES
cap = Captura/Capture
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
III
LC
LC
DD
LC
EN
III
III
I
I
III
II
od
DD
DD
II
od
DD
DD
cam
= Foto/Photo
hu
= Huellas/Tracks
od
= Observacin directa/
Direct observation
ol
= Olor/Smell
vo
= Vocalizacin/Call
LC = Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU = Vulnerable
EN
NT
cam, hu
fo
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
VU
VU
od
= Cmara trampa/
Camera trap
DD = Datos Insuficientes/
Data Deficient
I
I
I
I
II
II
x
x
= Comedero/Feeding sign
ct
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD
DD
NT
NT
ra
co
ma = Madriguera/Den
LC
VU
NT
NT
LC
LC
x
x
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
MINAG (2014)
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
483
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
MAMFEROS / MAMMALS
Nombre cientfico/
Scientific name
Tayassuidae (2)
Pecari tajacu
Tayassu pecari
Cervidae (2)
Mazama americana
Mazama nemorivaga
484
Nombre comn
en Capanahua/
Common name
in Capanahua
Jun
Sajino
Collared peccary
Yahua
Huangana
White-lipped peccary
Venado colorado
Venado gris
Red brocket
Amazonian brown brocket
Apndice/Appendix 8
Mamferos/Mammals
LEYENDA /LEGEND
Esperada/
Expected
Registros/Records
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
ba
= Baadero/Wallow
cam = Camino/Trail
Wiswincho
hu, cam,
ba, ol
od
od
Anguila
hu, cam,
ol, ra
Quebrada
Pobreza
hu, co
IUCN (2014)
LC
NT
hu
od
od, ct
MINAG (2014)
DD
LC
CITES
cap = Captura/Capture
II
NT
II
co
= Comedero/Feeding sign
ct
= Cmara trampa/
Camera trap
fo
= Foto/Photo
hu
= Huellas/Tracks
ma = Madriguera/Den
DD
od
= Observacin directa/
Direct observation
ol
= Olor/Smell
vo
= Vocalizacin/Call
Categora de amenaza/
Threat category
DD = Datos Insuficientes/
Data Deficient
EN = En Peligro/Endangered
LC = Preocupacin Menor/
Least Concern
NT = Casi Amenazado/
Near Threatened
VU = Vulnerable
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
485
Apndice/Appendix 9
Principales plantas utilizadas/
Commonly used plants
Plantas tiles de mayor uso identificadas por los pobladores locales duranteel inventario rpido del interfluvio de
Tapiche-Blanco, Loreto, Per, del 9 al 26 de octubre de 2014. El equipo social inclua a D. Alvira, L. Cardozo, J.
Inga, . Lpez, C. Nez, J. Paitan, M. Pariona, D. Rivera, J. Urrestty y R.Villanueva.
Nombre regional/
Regional common name
Nombre cientfico/
Species name
Familia/
Family
Aguaje
Aguanillo
Aj charapita, aj dulce,
pimiento
Amarun caspi
Ana caspi
Andiroba
Anis moena
Arroz capirona,
arroz carolina
Azucar huayo blanco
Balata masha
Bombonaje
Caihua
Caimito
Camu camu
Caa
Canela moena
Caoba
Capinuri
Capirona
Mauritia flexuosa
Otoba parvifolia
Capsicum annuum
Arecaceae
Myristicaceae
Solanaceae
Aspidosperma excelsum
Apuleia leiocarpa
Carapa guianensis
Ocotea aciphylla
Oryza sativa
Apocynaceae
Fabaceae
Meliaceae
Lauraceae
Poaceae
Hymenaea courbaril
Brosimum utile
Carludovica palmata
Cyclanthera pedata
Pouteria caimito
Myrciaria dubia
Saccharum officinarum
Ocotea javitensis
Swietenia macrophylla
Maquira coriacea
Calycophyllum
megistocaulum
Capirona decorticans
Guatteria guianensis
Anacardium giganteum
Anacardium occidentale
Hura crepitans
Attalea racemosa
Cedrela odorata
Astrocaryum chambira
Dipteryx micrantha
Diplotropis martiusii
Virola surinamensis
Fabaceae
Moraceae
Cyclanthaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Sapotaceae
Myrtaceae
Poaceae
Lauraceae
Meliaceae
Moraceae
Rubiaceae
Solanum sessiliflorum
Copaifera sp.
Desconocido/Unknown
Desconocido/Unknown
Virola spp.
Minquartia guianensis
Virola multinervia
Virola calophylla
Virola albidiflora
Ocotea sp.
Solanaceae
Fabaceae
486
Cultivadas en
las chacras/
Planted in
farm plots
Construccin Lea/
de viviendas/ Firewood
Used for
housebuilding
Valor
comercial
como
madera/
Commercial
timber
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Rubiaceae
Annonaceae
Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Arecaceae
Meliaceae
Arecaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Myristicaceae
Myristicaceae
Olacaceae
Myristicaceae
Myristicaceae
Myristicaceae
Lauraceae
Frutos
comestibles
(plantas
silvestres)/
Edible fruits
(wild plants)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Apndice/Appendix 9
Principales plantas utilizadas/
Commonly used plants
Useful plants identified by residents of the Blanco and Tapiche watersheds during a rapid inventory of the
Tapiche-Blanco region on 926 October 2014. The social team included D. Alvira, L. Cardozo, J. Inga, . Lpez,
C. Nez, J. Paitan, M. Pariona, D. Rivera, J. Urrestty, and R. Villanueva.
Nombre regional/
Regional common name
Nombre cientfico/
Species name
Familia/
Family
Espintana
Espintana
Frijol
Goma huayo
Guaba
Guacamayo caspi
Guayaba
Guisador, gengibre
Huacap
Hualaja
Huamansamana
Huambe
Huayruro
Huimba
Icoja
Irapay
Ishpingo
Itauba
Lagarto caspi
Limn
Lupuna
Macambo
Machimango
Machinga
Maiz de bajo
Bocageopsis canescens
Oxandra xylopioides
Phaseolus vulgaris
Parkia igneiflora
Inga edulis
Simira cordifolia
Psidium guajava
Zingiber officinale
Minquartia guianensis
Zanthoxylum sp.
Jacaranda macrocarpa
Philodendron sp.
Ormosia coccinea
Ceiba samauma
Unonopsis sp.
Lepidocaryum tenue
Amburana cearensis
Mezilaurus itauba
Calophyllum brasiliense
Citrus limon
Ceiba pentandra
Theobroma bicolor
Eschweilera sp.
Brosimum utile
Zea mays
(variedad/variety)
Zea mays
(variedad/variety)
Zea mays
(variedad/variety)
Syzygium malaccense
Mangifera indica
Hymenolobium
pulcherrimum
Tapirira retusa
Simarouba amara
Vochysia venulosa
Anaueria brasiliensis
Ocotea aciphylla
Ocotea spp.
Physalis angulata
Ficus insipida
Brosimum rubescens
Annonaceae
Annonaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Rubiaceae
Myrtaceae
Zingiberaceae
Olacaceae
Rutaceae
Bignoniaceae
Araceae
Fabaceae
Malvaceae
Annonaceae
Arecaceae
Fabaceae
Lauraceae
Calophyllaceae
Rutaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Lecythidaceae
Moraceae
Poaceae
Maiz de rolo
Maiz poc poc
Mamey, pomarosa
Mango
Mari mari
Mariti caspi
Marup
Mauba
Moena
Moena
Moena, moena amarillo
Mullaca
Oj
Palisangre
Cultivadas en
las chacras/
Planted in
farm plots
Construccin Lea/
de viviendas/ Firewood
Used for
housebuilding
Valor
comercial
como
madera/
Commercial
timber
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Poaceae
Poaceae
Myrtaceae
Anacardiaceae
Fabaceae
x
x
Anacardiaceae
Simaroubaceae
Vochysiaceae
Lauraceae
Lauraceae
Lauraceae
Solanaceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Frutos
comestibles
(plantas
silvestres)/
Edible fruits
(wild plants)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
x
x
487
Apndice/Appendix 9
Principales plantas utilizadas/
Commonly used plants
Nombre regional/
Regional common name
Nombre cientfico/
Species name
Familia/
Family
Palmiche
Pholidostachys
synanthera
Dialium guianense
Persea americana
Cariniana decandra
Dimorphandra pennigera
Cucumis sativus
Vismia sp.
Bactris gasipaes
Ananas comosus
var. comosus
Goupia glabra
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca (
variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Musa paradisiaca
(variedad/variety)
Socratea exorrhiza
Iryanthera tricornis
Sloanea floribunda
Croton palanostigma
Aspidosperma sp.
Vochysia lomatophylla
Pouteria spp.
Aspidosperma rigidum
Aspidosperma sp.
Trichilia poeppigii
Eryngium foetidum
Dioscorea aff. altissima
Citrullus lanatus
Attalea butyracea
Inga alba
Arecaceae
Palo de sangre
Palta
Papelillo caspi
Pashaco
Pepino
Pichirina
Pijuayo
Pia
Pino
Pltano bellaco
Pltano blanco
Pltano capirona
Pltano colorado
Pltano guineo
Pltano isla
Pltano manzana
Pltano sapucho
Pltano seda
Pona, sachapona
Pucuna caspi
Pumabarba
Pumacaspi, purmacaspi
Quillobordn
Quillosisa
Quinilla
Remocaspi
Remocaspi
Requia blanca
Sacha culantro
Sacha papa
Sanda
Shebn
Shimbillo
488
Cultivadas en
las chacras/
Planted in
farm plots
Fabaceae
Lauraceae
Lecythidaceae
Fabaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Hypericaceae
Arecaceae
Bromeliaceae
Valor
comercial
como
madera/
Commercial
timber
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Musaceae
Musaceae
Musaceae
Musaceae
Musaceae
Musaceae
Musaceae
Musaceae
Construccin Lea/
de viviendas/ Firewood
Used for
housebuilding
Celastraceae
Musaceae
Arecaceae
Myristicaceae
Elaeocarpaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Apocynaceae
Vochysiaceae
Sapotaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Meliaceae
Apiaceae
Dioscoreaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Arecaceae
Fabaceae
Frutos
comestibles
(plantas
silvestres)/
Edible fruits
(wild plants)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Apndice/Appendix 9
Principales plantas utilizadas/
Commonly used plants
Nombre regional/
Regional common name
Shimbillo
Shiringa
Sinamillo
Tamishi
Tangarana
Tangarana de altura
Tomate
Topa
Tornillo
Toronja
Tortuga
Tortuga caspi
Nombre cientfico/
Species name
Inga multijuga
Hevea guianensis
Oenocarpus mapora
Heteropsis sp.
Tachigali sp.
Tachigali formicarum
Lycopersicon esculentum
Ochroma pyramidale
Cedrelinga cateniformis
Citrus paradisi
Diclinanona tessmannii
Tetrameranthus
pachycarpus
Ubilla
Pourouma cecropiifolia
Ubos
Spondias mombin
Umari
Poraqueiba sericea
Ungurahui
Oenocarpus bataua
Yacushapana
Terminalia oblonga
Yarina
Phytelephas macrocarpa
Yuca
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca 3 mesinas/yuca
Manihot esculenta
chica
(variedad/variety)
Yuca amarillo palo blanco Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca amarillo palo negro Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca blanca/hoja morada Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca brava
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca de bajo
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca mayuruna
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca motelo/motelo rumo Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca palo maria
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca piririca
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca rolo
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Yuca seorita
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Familia/
Family
Fabaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Arecaceae
Araceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Solanaceae
Malvaceae
Fabaceae
Rutaceae
Annonaceae
Annonaceae
Cultivadas en
las chacras/
Planted in
farm plots
Frutos
comestibles
(plantas
silvestres)/
Edible fruits
(wild plants)
Construccin Lea/
de viviendas/ Firewood
Used for
housebuilding
Valor
comercial
como
madera/
Commercial
timber
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Urticaceae
Anacardiaceae
Icacinaceae
Arecaceae
Combretaceae
Arecaceae
Euphorbiaceae
x
x
x
x
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
x
x
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
489
Apndice/Appendix 9
Principales plantas utilizadas/
Commonly used plants
Nombre regional/
Regional common name
Nombre cientfico/
Species name
Familia/
Family
Yuca umbisha
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Manihot esculenta
(variedad/variety)
Cucurbita pepo
Matisia cordata
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Malvaceae
Yuca yaquerana
Zapallo
Zapote
490
Cultivadas en
las chacras/
Planted in
farm plots
Frutos
comestibles
(plantas
silvestres)/
Edible fruits
(wild plants)
Construccin Lea/
de viviendas/ Firewood
Used for
housebuilding
Valor
comercial
como
madera/
Commercial
timber
Apndice/Appendix 9
Principales plantas utilizadas/
Commonly used plants
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
491
Apndice/Appendix 10
Formas legales de
acceso al bosque/
Legal forestry operations
Datos sobre la situacin actual de formas legales de acceso al bosque con fines de extraccin de productos
forestales en las cuencas Tapiche y Blanco, Loreto, Per, marzo de 2015. Los datos fueron compilados por el
equipo social del inventario rpido del interfluvio de Tapiche-Blanco, del 9 al 26 de octubre de 2014. El equipo
social inclua a D. Alvira, L. Cardozo, J. Inga, . Lpez, C. Nez, J. Paitan, M. Pariona, D. Rivera, J. Urrestty y
R.Villanueva.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Concesin Forestal/
Forestry Concession
16-REQ/C-J-036-04
16-REQ/C-J-088-04
16-REQ/C-J-113-04
16-REQ/C-J-190-04
16-REQ/C-J-239-04
16-REQ/C-J-240-04
16-REQ/C-J-241-04
16-REQ/C-J-242-04
16-REQ/C-J-038-04
Permiso Forestal/
Forestry Permit
Bosque Local/
Local Forest Permit
16-REQ/C-J-023-14
16-REQ/C-J-087-04
16-REQ/C-D-024-14
16-REQ/C-J-165-04
16-REQ/C-J-191-04
16-REQ/C-J-058-04
16-IQU/D-C-001-12
Comunidad Campesina San Antonio de Fortaleza N16-REQ / P-MAD-SD-002-14
Comunidad Nativa Yarina Frontera Topal N16-REQ / P-MAD-SD-005-13
Comunidad Nativa Nuevo Trujillo N16-REQ / P-MAD-SD-003-14
Comunidad Nativa Nueva Esperanza-Alto Tapiche N16-REQ / P-MAD-A-002-08
Bosque Local Nuevo Progreso N16-REQ / L-MAD-SD-010-13
Bosque Local Espaa N16-REQ / L-MAD-SD-009-13
Bosque Local Bellavista-Ro Tapiche N16-REQ / L-MAD-SD-005-14
Bosque Local Wicungo N16-REQ / L-MAD-SD-003-12
LEYENDA/LEGEND
Formas de acceso al bosque/Types of forestry permits
Concesin Forestal/Forestry Concession = Autorizacin del Estado que
permite a personas naturales o jurdicas extraer recursos maderables dentro
del Bosque de Produccin Permanente, pagando un derecho anual por el
tamao de la concesin/A permit that grants people or companies the right to
harvest timber inside Permanent Production Forests, and requires an annual
payment based on the size of the concession
492
Apndice/Appendix 10
Data on the status of legal forestry operations in the Tapiche and Blanco watersheds of Loreto, Peru, as of March
2015. Data compiled by the social team of a rapid inventory of the Tapiche-Blanco region on 926 October 2014.
The social team included D. Alvira, L. Cardozo, J. Inga, . Lpez, C. Nez, J. Paitan, M. Pariona, D. Rivera,
J.Urrestty, and R. Villanueva.
Representante legal/
Legal representative
Superficie/
Size (ha)
27,025
30,336
11,765
27,504
10,000
15,000
11,616
5,000
9,031
Inversiones El Forastero
Cesar Augusto Moreno Culqui
Industrial Maderera JRAK SAC
Forestal Azaa SAC
Pablo Respaldiza Santilln
Manuel Lavi Taboada
Green Gold Forestry Per SAC
Segundo Juan Acho Canayo
Pacfico Gordon Chumo
Moises Moran Cainamary
Juan Hidalgo Chumo
Jony Ricopa Vsquez
Jaime Murayari Garca
Menelao Padilla Hidalgo
Luis Enrique Gordon Rengifo
31,686
23,824
6,426
37,241
22,500
5,000
74,029
15,016
3,305
5,000
500
500
500
500
Formas legales de
acceso al bosque/
Legal forestry operations
has been revoked and the permittee has not challenged the revocation.
Presidential Resolution 007-2013-OSINFOR establishes that challenges
to revocation will be heard by the Forestry Tribune, but until that tribune is
created challenges areheard by courts.
PAU/CMC = Es el procedimiento administrativo nico concluido donde el
procedimiento iniciado al ttulo habilitante cuenta con medida cautelar (CMC),
es decirparalizacin de todo movimiento/An investigation of irregularities has
resulted in the suspension of forestry activities under the permit
PAU/SMC = Es el procedimiento administrativo nico concluido donde el
procedimiento iniciado al ttulo habilitante no cuenta con medida cautelar y
puede realizar algunas actividades/An investigation of irregularities has not
resulted in the suspension of forestry activities under the permit
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
493
494
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
495
Cordero, D., ed. 2012. Una mirada integral a los bosques del Per.
UICN, Quito.
Cornejo, F. 2008. Callimico goeldii. IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Available online at
http://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 1November 2014.
Costa, F. R. C., F. E. Penna e F. O. G. Figueiredo. 2008. Gua de
marantceas da Reserva Ducke e da Reserva Biolgica do
Uatum. INPA, Manaus. Available online at http://ppbio.inpa.
gov.br/sites/default/files/GUIA-marantaceas-ebook_bot.pdf
Da Costa Reis, M. 2011. Propuesta rea de Conservacin Privada
Reserva Tapiche: Distrito Tapiche, Provincia de Requena,
Regin Loreto. Borrador de expediente tcnico.
496
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
497
498
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
499
500
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
501
502
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
503
504
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
505
506
P E R : TA P I C H E - BLA N C O
507
508
C U BA
Protegido/Protected
08
Acres
1,427,400
1,353,190
55,451
74,054
322,979
433,099
216,005
420,635
1,478,311
956,248
592,749
30,700
70,000
336,089
868,927
3,527,182
3,343,805
137,022
182,991
798,098
1,070,211
533,760
1,039,412
3,652,986
2,362,940
1,464,714
75,861
172,974
830,494
2,147,165
8,635,837
21,339,615
51,112
202,342
777,021
9,469
597,471
900,172
130,925
308,463
126,301
499,998
1,920,061
23,398
1,476,383
2,224,373
323,523
762,228
2,976,975
7,356,265
405,549
432,000
35,810
14,900
2,075
24,100
70,680
603,380
398,449
1,002,133
1,067,495
88,488
36,819
5,127
59,552
174,654
1,490,984
984,589
Total Fortalecido/Reinforced
1,986,943
4,909,841
TOTAL HECTREAS/ACRES
13,599,755
33,605,726
01
02
03
06
11
12
15
16
17
18
20
21
21
22
23
14
13
10
Hectreas
09
Bolivia
Per
Ecuador
Bolivia
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Ecuador
Ecuador
Per
Per
Tahuamanu
Cordillera Azul
Cofn-Bermejo
Federico Romn
Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo
Ampiyacu-Apayacu
Megantoni
Matss
Sierra del Divisor
Nanay-Pintayacu-Chambira
Gepp
Terr. Ancestral Cofan
Cofanes-Chingual
Maijuna
Yaguas
Total Protegido/Protected
Propuesto/Proposed
05
06
11
19
23
25
26
27
Bolivia
Bolivia
Per
Ecuador
Per
Per
Per
Per
Madre de Dios
Federico Romn
Yavar
Dureno
Yaguas-Cotuh
Ere-Campuya-Algodn
Cordillera Escalera-Loreto
Tapiche-Blanco
Total Propuesto/Proposed
Fortalecido/Reinforced
COLOMBIA
03 19
21
20
04
07
08
09
10
13
14
20
24
China
Yunnan
Cuba
Zapata
Cuba
Cubitas
Cuba
Pico Mogote
Cuba
Siboney-Jutic
Cuba
Bayamesa
Cuba
Humboldt
Ecuador Cuyabeno
Per
Kampankis
25
ECUADOR
23
18
24
22
12
26
BRASIL
11
16
27
02
17
06
PER
01
15
05
BOLIVIA
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27
no.
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27
Per: Tapiche-Blanco
Instituciones participantes/
Participating Institutions
www.fieldmuseum.org/rbi
Per: Tapiche-Blanco