EXPERIMENT NO.

8
Start Condenser Method

Objective

Construct a Start Condenser Circuit using transmission line trainer.

Determine the voltage regulation and efficiency of a medium length
line represented by the Start Condenser Method
Construct the relevant phasor diagram
Compare the effects of the Start Condenser with the conventional
method. ( End Condenser Method and Nominal Pi Method)

Procedures:
I.

Resistive Load
a. Connect a start condenser circuit using four inductors with 4F
capacitor
b. Close CB1 (at the secondary supply transformer and CB2 (at the
sending end of the line. This connects power to the line.)
c. Measure the receiving end voltage w/ load.
d. Load the circuit starting w/ 25% resistive load.
e. Use the two analog voltmeters to measure the voltage drop (V D)
across the inductance.
f. Proceed to the next trial using different percentage of resistive
load.
g. Repeat letters a to f using the 8F capacitor.
h. Use the results to determine the line voltage regulation and
efficiency.
i. Construct the relevant phasor diagram.

II.

Inductive Load
a. Repeat procedure I using a combination of resistive and inductive
load. Use 25% inductance for all trials.

EXPERIMENT NO. 8

Start Condenser Method

Group No. : 1

Table 1 Resistive Load @ 4F

Trial
25%
50%
75%
100%
125%
150%

VS
129.6
7
129.0
2
128.3
4
128.1
3
127.9
6
127.6
7

IS
1.30
2.46
3.44
4.26
4.97
5.57

PS
169.4
0
310.8
4
414.1
5
489.1
0
540.5
0
573.1
0

VD
18

IR
1.32

70

VR
128.5
8
118.5
1
111.1
7
104.6
3
97.93

78

91.41

5.67

VD
18

IR
1.33

70

VR
125.7
5
118.5
9
111.4
2
104.6
6
97.72

78

91.29

5.67

35
50
60

2.50
3.50
4.35
5.07

PR
165.5
7
296.2
5
390.3
0
456.5
6
495.6
5
578.5
0

%VR
2.5000

%
97.74

11.209
6
18.552
0
25.962
0
34.580
3
44.179
5

95.31

PR
167.6
8
298.0
3
392.5
0
455.3
0
496.0
0
517.3
0

%VR
4.8067

%
98.36

11.134
0
18.286
0
25.962
4
34.869
0
44.369
0

95.72

94.24
93.35
91.70
90.63

VNL = 131.7945 V

Table 2 Resistive Load @ 8F

Trial
25%
50%
75%
100%
125%
150%

VS
130.0
6
129.1
5
128.6
7
128.9
6
127.6

IS
1.33

127.4
4

5.44

2.43
3.39
4.70
4.86

PS
170.4
8
311.3
7
416.8
1
489.5
0
538.8
0
569.1
0

35
50
60

2.51
3.52
4.35
5.07

94.17
93.01
92.06
90.90

VNL = 131.7945 V

Table 3 Inductive Load @ 4F

Trial
25%

VS
IS
130.6 1.56
0
50% 130.0 2.47
5
75% 129.4 3.33
4
100% 129.0 4.09
8
125% 128.3 4.76
0
150% 128.6 5.33
3
Inductive Load @ 25%

PS
149.7
0
265.3
1
356.8
1
426.1
0
477.2

VD
24

IR
1.70

58

VR
112.0
9
106.7
1
101.4
2
96.19

68

91.06

4.89

511.5
0

76

85.82

5.48

36
48

2.58
3.45
4.21

PR
144.0
4
250.9
5
333.5
6
394.5
6
437.0
6
464.0
3

%VR
13.579
0
23.504
9
29.949
0
33.015
0
44.733
6
53.571
0

%
96.22
94.59
93.57
92.60
91.59
90.72

VNL = 131.7945 V

Table 4 Inductive Load @ 8F

Trial

VS

IS

PS

VD

VR

IR

PR

%VR

25%

130.9
1
130.3
4
129.9
1
129.3
1
120.8

1.44

149.7
8
267.9
0
358.1
5
428.1
0
477.4

24

112.9

1.70
2.59

58

107.2
3
101.6
0
96.49

68

90.93

4.88

16.735
0
22.908
0
29.718
0
36.588
7
44.940

96.09

36

143.9
3
252.3
9
335.7
5
396.2
1
436.5

50%
75%
100%
125%

2.37
3.24
3.98
4.64

48

3.43
4.22

94.21
93.75
92.55
91.43

150%

3
128.5

5.20

0
510.5
0

76

85.64

5.47

0
463.3
7

Inductive Load @ 25%

VNL = 131.7945 V

Graphs/Curves

Table 1 Resistive Load @ 4F

LOAD PERCENTAGE VS VOLTAGE REGULATION AND EFFICIENCY

120
97.7495.3194.24
93.3591.790.63
100
80
VOLTAGE REGULATION 60
AND EFFICIENCY (%)
40

44.18
34.58
25.96
18.55
20 11.21
2.5
0
0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5

Table 2 Resistive Load @ 8F

%VR
%

6
53.893
0

90.77

LOAD PERCENTAGE VS VOLTAGE REGULATION AND EFFICIENCY

120
98.3695.7294.17
93.0192.0690.9
100
80

%VR
%

VOLTAGE REGULATION 60
AND EFFICIENCY (%)
40

44.37
34.87
25.96
18.29
20 11.13
4.81
0
0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5

Table 3 Inductive Load @ 4F

LOAD PERCENTAGE VS VOLTAGE REGULATION AND EFFIENCY

120
96.22
94.59
93.5792.691.59
90.72
100
80
VOLTAGE REGULATION AND
EFFICIENCY (%)

53.57
60
44.73
29.9533.02
40
23.5
2013.58
0

Table 4 Inductive Load @ 8F

%VR
%

LOAD PERCENTAGE VS VOLTAGE REGULATION AND EFFIENCY

120
96.09
94.21
93.7592.55
91.43
90.77
100
80
VOLTAGE REGULATION AND
EFFICIENCY (%)

53.89
60
44.94
36.59
29.72
40
22.91
16.74
20

%VR
%

Interpretation of Results

In this experiment, we are about to investigate a medium length

transmission line using a Start Condenser Method. This method is like an End
Condenser Method for medium length transmission but the difference is the
capacitor connected at the end of the transmission line is at the start. In this
manner, a new method for analyzing the medium length transmission line is
applied.
In the first run of this experiment, we were to investigate the
transmission line with resistive load and a 4 F capacitance connected at the
start of the line. After we connect the given wiring diagram, we measure the
performance of the line such as the voltage, the current, and the power. As
we analyze the data gathered, we can see that as we increase the value of
the resistor from 25% to 150%, the voltage at the receiving end decreases
because of the increasing voltage drop of the transmission line. The current
at the sending end and at the receiving end is different from each other
because of the shunt capacitance at the start of the line. As we increase the
load, the power delivered also increases as well as the voltage regulation of

the line. In concern for the efficiency of the transmission line, as we increase
the load at the receiving end, the efficiency decreases.
In the second part, we investigate the line also with a resistive load but
with a different value of capacitor at 8 F. Like in the first run, we measure
the performance of the line such as the voltage, the current and the power.
As we analyze the gathered data, we can see the difference of the first run
and the second part of the experiment. The only difference will be the values
of the voltages, the current and the real power. The values of the voltages
increase while the current and the power decreases. But the performance of
the transmission line is exactly the same with the first run.
In the third and last run of the experiment, we investigate the line with
an inductive load with 4 F capacitance connected at the start of the line but
in the last part the value of the capacitance is 8 F. In this run we are given
with an inductive load. As we analyzed the given data, still the same
relationship have been observed with the voltages, the currents, and the real
power with respect to the load as well as the voltage regulation and
efficiency of the line.
In this experiment, we should compare the Start Condenser
Method with the End Condenser Method and Nominal Pi Method. First we
compare the Start Condenser Method with Nominal Pi Method. The nominal
pi method circuit diagram is the impedance of the line is placed in the middle
and the shunt capacitance is divided into two equal parts and these parts are
placed one on the near sending end and one on the receiving end while the
Start Condenser Method circuit diagram is the shunt capacitance is placed at
the start of the transmission line and parallel with the impedance of the line
and the load. The relationship of the performance of the line with these two
methods is exactly the same. The voltage at the receiving end decreases
because of the increasing voltage drop of the transmission line. The current
at the sending end and at the receiving end is different from each other. As
we increase the load, the power delivered also increases as well as the
voltage regulation of the line. In concern for the efficiency of the
transmission line, as we increase the load at the receiving end, the efficiency
decreases. I can only see a difference with respect to the ABCD parameters
of the line. For example, in the nominal pi method, the A parameter is equal
YZ
+ 1 while in the Start Condenser, the A parameter is equal to 1. With
to
2
this difference in the parameter, it also affects the voltage regulation of the
line. We can see that a Start Condenser Method is like a Short Transmission
Line in terms of Voltage Regulation.
In comparison for the Start and End Condenser Method, it is almost the
same method that the only difference is the position of the shunt

capacitance in the transmission line, based on the title of the method. Also
the relationship of the performance of the line with these two methods is
exactly the same. In similarity of the comparison of these two methods, I can
only see the difference with respect to the ABCD parameters. In the End
condenser method, the value of the A parameter is equal to YZ+1 while
the Start Condenser method A parameter is only equal to 1.

Conclusion
As the experiment was successfully conducted and the objectives were met
it can be concluded that:
o In the Start Condenser Method, the voltage at the receiving end
decreases because of the increasing voltage drop of the
transmission line.
o The current at the sending end and at the receiving end is
different from each other because of the shunt capacitance at
the start of the line.
o As we increase the load, the power delivered also increases as
well as the voltage regulation.
o In concern for the efficiency of the transmission line, as we
increase the load at the receiving end, the efficiency decreases.

o The relationship of the performance of the line with the Start

Condenser Method, End Condenser Method, and Nominal Pi
Method is exactly the same.
o The Start and End Condenser Method is almost the same method
that the only difference is the position of the shunt capacitance
in the transmission line.
o In comparison with the nominal pi and the end condenser
method, the only difference is with respect to the ABCD
parameters of the line.

o In the nominal pi method, the A parameter is equal to

YZ
+1
2

while in the Start Condenser, the A parameter is equal to 1.

o In the End condenser method, the value of the A parameter is
equal to YZ+1 while the Start Condenser method A parameter
is only equal to 1.