Page 2 of 7

PART A

1. A convex lens has surfaces with radii of curvature 18 cm and 20 cm. When an object is
24 cm from the lens, a real image is formed at 32 cm from the lens.
(a) Write a lens maker equation and explain the symbols used in the equation.
[2 marks]
(b) Determine :
(i) the focal length of the lens
[2 marks]
(ii) refractive index of the lens
[4 marks]
(c) A sound source which can produce sound of frequency of 300 Hz move away from
a stationary observer. The observer notice that the frequency of sound heard
decreases by 10 Hz when the source is moving away. Determine the speed of the
sound source.
[4 marks]

2. (a) A monochromatic light of wavelength 5.49 x10 -7 m is incident normally on a

diffraction grating pattern of the first order is observed at an angle 28 o from the
normal. What is the number of lines per mm on the diffraction grating?

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[5 marks]
(b) What is meant by coherent source?

[2 marks]

(c) In a Youngs double slit experiment the distance between the screen and the slits
is 2.0 m. The distance between the centre of the interference pattern and tenth
bright fringe is 3.4 cm.
(i) If the wavelength of the light used is 5.0 x 10 -7m, determine the slit separation.
[2 marks]
(ii) State what you expect to observed on the screen if light with longer wavelength
is used.

[1 mark]

3. a) Define wave particle duality.

[2 marks]

b) The de Broglie relation for wave- particle duality is given by =

h
p

Which quantity of the relation represents the wave and the particle?
[2 marks]
c) As an electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference 1500 V. If the
potential difference is doubled, calculate:
(i) the ratio of the electron new speed to its original speed.

[6 marks]

(ii) the ratio of electron new wavelength to its original wavelength.

[4 marks]

4. a) What is meant by nuclear fission and nuclear fussion?

[4 marks]

b) State one difference and one similarity between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
[2 marks]
c) A

6
3

Li

nucleus is bombarded with a deuteron

(i) Is this reaction a fission or fusion process?

2
1

producing two alpha particles.

[1 mark]

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(ii) Write the equation for the reaction and calculate the energy released.
Given mass of Li = 6.0155 u, mass of deuteron = 2.0141 u,
mass of -particle = 4.0026 u
[4 marks]

5. a) State the meaning of radioactive decay.

b) State two applications of radioisotope as tracers.

[2 mark]
[2 marks]

c) State three properties of alpha particle. Why alpha particle has high ionisation
power?
d) Given the half-life of

[4 marks]
131

is 8 days. What is the decay percentage of the sample

after 56 days?
e) Give one way on how to reduce radiation exposure.

[4 marks]
[1 mark]

PART B
1

a) Compare the classical theory and quantum theory of photoelectric effect.

[4 marks]

b) What is photoelectric effect?

[2 marks]

c) Define:
(i)
Threshold frequency
(ii)
Work function
(iii)
Stopping potential

[2 marks]
[2 marks]
[2 marks]

d) In a photoelectric effect experiment, no photoelectron is emitted even though light is

illuminated on the target metal. Will photoelectron be ejected from the metal by
increasing the intensity of the light source? Explain your answer.

[2 marks]

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e) Show that the photons in a 1240 nm infrared light beam have energies of 1.00 eV.
[3 marks]
f) In photoelectric effect experiment, sodium having a work function 2.7 eV is used as
the target metal. Calculate the threshold frequency.

[3 marks]

[Total : 20 marks]

2
.

a) Draw the mass spectrometer diagram and prove that the radius of the ionised atom
is as follows:

r=

mE
B2 q

b) Define
(i)
proton number
(ii)
nucleon number
(iii)
isotope

[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]

c) The number of proton, neutron and electrons in Niobium are 41, 52, and 41
respectively. What is the symbol for the nuclide for the element?
d) A mass of nucleus

81
35

Br

[1 mark]

is 80.8971 u. Calculate

(i)

the binding energy in the MeV unit

[3 marks]

(ii)

the binding energy per nucleon in the unit of Joule.

[2 marks]

[ Mp = 1.0073 u, Mn = 1.0087 u]

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[Total : 20 marks]

3
.

a) Explain briefly about X-ray.

[3 marks]

b) Give two characteristics and two applications of x-ray.

[4 marks]

c) Give the meaning of the following terms:

(i)
ionisation energy
(ii)
excited state
(iii)
excitation energy

[3 marks]

d) The figure 3.1 shows the energy levels for hydrogen atom.

(i) Determine the ionisation energy for hydrogen atom in Joule unit.

[2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the wavelength and the amount of energy in the unit of eV when the
electron make a transition from n= 4 to Balmer series.

[6 marks]

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(iii) Copy the figure given and show all the possible transitions which can produce
visible line spectra.

[2 marks]

[Total: 20 marks]