Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ThisSystemAdministratorManual
guidetobesimpletofollow,
withstepbystepinstructions
withscreenshots
INDEX
1.InstallationofUbuntu12.04Server(64bit)Version.
2.UbuntuFileStructure
3.AssignmentofIPtoServer/Client.
4.ShellCommands
InstallationofUbuntu12.04Server(64bit)Version.
DownloadtheimageofKickStartDVDofUbuntu12.04Server64
bitVersionwithDesktopVersion11.0.isofrom
https://ask.otc.nic.in/downloads/os/kickstart/
BurntheimageonDVD.
InsertDVDinmediaofServer/PCClient.
Installationprocessisstarted.
Aftercompletionofinstallation,thesystemwillreboot.
2. UbuntuFileStructure
Allfilesystemsarecontainedwithinonedirectoryhierarchy.The
rootdirectoryisthetopleveldirectory,andallitssubdirectories
makeupthedirectoryhierarchy.
/binbinaryapplications(mostofyourexecutablefiles)
/bootfilesrequiredtoboot(suchasthekernel,etc)
/devyourdevices(everythingfromdrivestodisplays)
/etcjustabouteveryconfigurationfileforyoursystem
/etc/rc.d contains a number of shell scripts that are run on
bootupatdifferentrunlevels.
/etc/X11configurationfilesfortheXWindowsystem
/homelocallystoreduserfilesandfolders
/libsystemlibraries(similartoProgramFiles)
/mediamounted(orloaded)devicessuchascdroms,digital
cameras,etc.
/mntmountedfilesystems
/optlocationforoptionallyinstalledprograms
/sbinsystemonlybinaries
/syscontainsinformationaboutthesystem
/tmptemporaryfiles
/usrapplicationsmainlyforregularusers
/varmainlylogs,databases,etc.
AssignmentofIPtoServer/Client.
Loginasroot.
ClickonNetworkConnectionIconontaskbar.
ClickonEditConnection.
SelectEditoption.
GototheIPv4SettingTab.
SelectManualfromMethodDropDown.
ClickonAdd
AssigntheIPAddress,Netmask,GatewayandDNSServer.
ClickonSave.
ReboottheServer/Client.
ShellCommands
1.
ls:listdirectorycontents
(Thelscommandwillshowyouthelistoffilesinyourcurrentdirectory.)
#ls
2.
cd:ChangeDirectory
(Thecdcommandwillallowyoutochangedirectories.)
#cd
3.
pwd:printthecurrent/workingdirectory
(Thepwdcommandwillallowyoutoknowinwhichdirectoryyouarelocated)
#pwd
4.
mkdir:make/createdirectory.
(Themkdircommandwillallowyoutocreatedirectories.)
#mkdir
5.
rmdir:removethedirectory
(Thermdircommandwilldeleteanemptydirectory.)
#rmdir
6.
rm:remove/deletefile.
(Thiscommandtoremoveordeleteafileinyourdirectory.)
#rm
7.
mv:renameormoveafile/directory
(Themvcommandwillmoveafiletoadifferentlocationorwillrenameafile.)
#mv
8.
man:Manualpagesforshellcommands.
(Themancommandisusedtoshowyouthemanualofothercommands.)
#manrm
9.
cp:CopyFiles
(Thecpcommandwillmakeacopyofafileforyou.)
#cpr_test.txtr1_test.txt
10. shutdown:Shutdownthecomputerfromterminal
(Thiscommandshutdownthecomputer)
#shutdownh
or
#init0
11. adduser:Additionofnewuser
(Thiscommandcreatingthenewuserin/homedirectory)
#adduserravi
12. passwd:Changepasswordforuser
(Thiscommandchangethepasswordofspecificuser)
#passwdravi
13. tar:Createsandextractsfilesfromatapeordiskarchive.
(Thiscommandstoresandextractsfilesfromatapeordisk)
#tarcvzfravi.tar.gz*
14. tar:Createsandextractsfilesfromatapeordiskarchive.
(Thiscommandstoresandextractsfilesfromatapeordisk)
#tarxvzfravi.tar.gz
15. find:findsearchesthefilelocatedat/
(Thiscommandfindsearchesthedirectorytreerootedateachgivenfile)
#find/nameravi.txtprint
16. grep:printlinesmatchingapattern
(Thiscommandsearchesthenamedinputfilesforlinescontaininga
matchtothegivenpattern.)
#grepravilosarwar*
17. chown:changefileownerandgroup
(Thiscommandchangestheuserand/orgroupownershipofeachgivenfile.)
#chownraviravi.tar.gz
18. chgrp:changegroupownership
(Thiscommandchangethegroupofeachfiletogroup)
#chgrpraviravi.tar.gz
19. chmod:changefilemodebits
(Thiscommandchangesthefilemodebitsofeachgivenfileaccordingtomode)
#chmod777ravi.tar.gz
20. ifconfig:configureanetworkinterface
(Thiscommandisusedtoconfigurethekernelresidentnetworkinterfaces)
#ifconfig