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Thermodynamics
Study of energy transformations that occur in nature
Activation Energy
Before new chemical bonds can form (even less
energy intensive ones), existing bonds must be
broken. That requires energy
Catalysts
- Nitrogenous base
- (adenine)
- Phosphate groups **
- (3 of them)
Enzymes
- Biological catalysts; most are proteins (some RNA)
- Enzymes facilitate substrates to undergo chemical
reactions
- Lowers activation
energy
- Not changed or
consumed
- Recycled
- High specificity
Enzyme Action
Enzyme Action
Enzyme Action
Enzymes
Induced Fit: enzyme snugly fits around substrate
An enzymes activity
can be affected by:
temperature
pH
concentrations
chemicals
Metabolism
The totality of an organisms chemical reactions
Manages the materials and energy resources of a cell
Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down
complex molecules into simpler compounds (ex.
digestive enzymes break down food release energy)
Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex
molecules from simpler ones (ex. amino acids link to
form muscle protein)
Metabolism
Stepwise fashion:
Feedback inhibition
regulates some
biochemical
pathways:
Chapter 6 Review
Define metabolism.
List 3 forms of energy.
What are the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics?
Is the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration
exergonic or endergonic?
What type of factors can affect an enzymes activity
on a substrate?